Plagiarism and Contract ... Regular Keynote Speaker on academic ghostwriting, essay mills and contract

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Plagiarism and

Contract Cheating

in Higher Education

Presented by Dr. Thomas Lancaster at University of Montenegro on Tuesday 8 November 2016

http://thomaslancaster.co.uk thomas@thomaslancaster.co.uk @DrLancaster

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Plagiarism and Contract Cheating Workshop Objectives

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Interactive Workshop - addressing

What does academic integrity mean within teaching, learning and assessment – and how can we ensure that students are completing their courses with integrity?

How does plagiarism and contract cheating research inform how we teach and assess?

What are the continuing challenges for teachers and researchers within the plagiarism and contract cheating fields?

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Yes – This Is An Interactive Workshop!

Twitter Please tweet observations, comments, quotes, photos, discussion topics @DrLancaster #contractcheating

Live Please join in the discussion, ask questions and contribute ideas

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My Background For The Academic Integrity Workshop

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My Background

Associate Head for School of Computing Electronics and Mathematics at Coventry University, United Kingdom

Principal Lecturer with particular interests in student employability, research methods and social media marketing

Research Active, publishing on student cheating, plagiarism prevention and plagiarism detection since 2000

Regular Keynote Speaker on academic ghostwriting, essay mills and contract cheating

Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy

Part of the Coventry University team representing the European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI)

Working with Codio 2016

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http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster

A selection of my recent presentation slides are archived on my SlideShare account

(the slides from today’s workshop are also available on SlideShare)

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The Wider Background For This Academic Integrity Workshop

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Three Projects

The workshop has come about due to three developments:

European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI)

Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education Across Europe (IPPHEAE)

South East European Project on Policies for Academic Integrity (SEEPPAI)

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European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI)

A newly formed consortium of 12 European partners, with opportunities for further institutions and individuals to join

Lead partner and administrator is Mendel University in Brno

Aims to develop resources and materials supporting and promoting academic integrity

Holds annual conferences (next one in Brno on 24 to 26 May 2017)

https://www.academicintegrity.eu

http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/ https://www.academicintegrity.eu/

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Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education Across Europe (IPPHEAE)

European Union (Erasmus) funded project, completed between 2010- 2013 Led by Irene Glendinning from Coventry University, United Kingdom, supported by partners in Poland, Lithuania, Cyprus and the Czech Republic Investigated Higher Education approaches to plagiarism and academic misconduct across 27 EU member states – including good practice More findings from IPPHEAE later

http://plagiarism.cz/ippheae

http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/ http://plagiarism.cz/ippheae

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South East European Project on Policies for Academic Integrity (SEEPPAI)

Extension of the IPPHEAE research to six further countries

Funded by the Council of Europe (CoE) with completion due by 1 April 2017

Consortium of Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic and Coventry University, United Kingdom

Intended as the first of several regional studies to extend the IPPHEAE research to 50 European countries

Data collection using surveys, interviews and focus groups

Supported by workshops and sharing of resources http://plagiarism.cz/seeppai

http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/ http://plagiarism.cz/seeppai/

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What Is Academic Integrity?

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Discussion Question

What do you understand by the term

academic integrity?

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Academic Integrity

Of European and global interest

Hard to get a complete and precise definition Mostly defined by areas constituting academic dishonesty, academic

misconduct or research fraud

Often compared with “cheating”

Useful to think about and use the term academic integrity as a positive alternative to the more negative connotations

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Academic Integrity

“The International Center for Academic Integrity defines academic integrity as a commitment, even in the face of adversity, to six fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage”

http://www.academicintegrity.org/icai/resources-2.php

http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/ http://www.academicintegrity.org/icai/resources-2.php

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A Student View

“Academic and higher learning is founded on principles of Integrity. Manipulating your ideas through outside minds takes away from independent creative thought.”

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What Does Not Constitute Academic Integrity?

For Students

Plagiarism

Contract Cheating

Cheating in Exams

Fraudulent Data

Fake Medical Conditions

Helping others to be dishonest

For Teachers and Researchers

Research fraud

Publishing the same output multiple times

Incorrect attribution of authorship

Ignoring sources during research

Unacknowledged sources

Not leading students by example

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What Is Plagiarism?

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Discussion Question

What do you understand by the term

plagiarism?

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My Standard Definition

Taking the words or ideas of another and using them without acknowledgement

This general definition is based loosely on many others, including my previous published research

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Formalised Definition

“Plagiarism occurs when someone:

1. Uses words, ideas, or work products

2. Attributable to another identifiable person or source

3. Without attributing the work to the source from which it was obtained

4. In a situation in which there is a legitimate expectation of original authorship

5. In order to obtain some benefit, credit, or gain which need not be monetary”

Fishman, T. (2009). ‘We know it when we see it’ is not good enough: toward a standard definition of plagiarism that transcends theft, fraud, and copyright

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Other Plagiarism Definition

Within teaching and universities, it is helpful to have a:

Legal definition, for academic integrity policies

Teaching definition, to help students to understand plagiarism

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Discussion Question

Why do students plagiarise?

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Why Do Students Plagiarise?

Common Reasons Given

Lack of time

Lack of understanding

Laziness

Missing the core knowledge

Don’t know how to write well

Don’t know how to reference

Don’t want to learn

Poor standard of teaching

Can’t see the value of their subject

Too much work

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Risk vs Rew