Plagiarism 2008 Harvard

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UCD Library Leabharlann UCD

Plagiarism how to avoid itCitation how to do it

UCD Library

Ursula Byrne additional material Sally Corcoran


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Overview What is plagiarism? Why is it serious? Some recent examples

What is common knowledge Why and how does plagiarism happen An example of plagiarism How to avoid plagiarism

Paraphrasing Vs quotations Referencing within a text Citing secondary sources

Self plagiarism Detecting plagiarism


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Plagiarism

UCD Plagiarism Statement

Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty, whereideas are presented falsely, either implicitly orexplicitly as being the original thought of theauthor

http://www.ucd.ie/registry/academicpolicy/plag_pol_proc.pdf

Taking someone else's ideas and passing themoff as your own

Source: Websters 20 th Century Unabridged Dictionary
http://www.ucd.ie/registry/academicpolicy/plag_pol_proc.pdfhttp://www.ucd.ie/registry/academicpolicy/plag_pol_proc.pdf


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Why is plagiarism serious?

It undermines the reputation of the university and

puts question marks over the quality of the researchbeing undertaken there.

It is taken very seriously by the academic communityand can lead to dismissal.

Knowledge creation needs to have some certainty inthe field so that new knowledge can be clearlyacknowledged.

Writing up and communicating research clearly is akey skill.

Professional ethics in all fields demand honest research


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What has Leinster House to do withplagiarism?


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Plagiarism can still make headlines

Oh my word, I didn't nick Joan's finance speech,says Dail rookie

BY SENAN MOLONY DEPUTY POLITICAL EDITOR WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 20 2008

A NEW TD HAS DENIED PINCHING WHOLE PASSAGES

OF ANOTHER TD'S SPEECH TO READ INTO THE DAILRECORD AS IF IT WERE HIS OWN.

FINE GAEL TD TERENCE FLANAGAN WAS APPARENTLY SO IMPRESSED WITH THE CONTRIBUTION OF LABOUR PARTY SPOKESWOMAN

JOAN BURTON ON THE FINANCE BILL THAT HE REGURGITATED IT IN HIS OWN SPEECH. (sourceIrish Independent )


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Church tackles plague of 'pastoralplagiarists'

KATE CONNOLLY in Berlin Irish Times Sat, Apr 26, 2008

POLAND'S Catholic priests have been told by churchauthorities that they may be fined if they are discovered tohave plagiarised their sermons from the internet, and couldface three years in prison.

A book on writing sermons has been produced to help withthe problem.

The problem also exists in other parts of the world,

particularly in Britain and the US, where it is called "pastoralplagiarism"


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TV psychiatrist is suspended for bookplagiarism

The General Medical Council suspended the celebritypsychiatrist Raj Persaud for three months. He hadbrought the profession into disrepute after he admittedpassing other scholars work off as his own.

One of those plagiarised checked Persaud s book againstthe Internet and found his own work cut and pasted intothe book.

Dr Persaud was a regular on TV and radio. I thought Iwas adequately attributing work as he had obtained

permission to quote and had them listed inacknowledgements. (Source: The Times Sat 21/6/2008


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Common knowledge

Definition: Facts generally known by a largenumber of people

Common knowledge does not have to be cited e.g.Second World War 1939-1945

i.e. you dont have to cite your source for this information

You must cite a source when: When the idea/thought comes from another source,

Or when an author interprets the thoughts/ideas from

another (secondary source)


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Why does plagiarism happen?

Unintentional Plagiarism Poor study skills

Poor time management

Cant find theinformation

Poor citation skills

Ignorance aboutplagiarism

Intentional Plagiarism Pressure for good grades

Left work to last minute =

time pressure Dishonest


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Example of original materialwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism

Over time technology has been instrumental in

increasing industrial and agricultural production,improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overallimproving many aspects of human life. *

*Pimental, David, Population Growth and the

Environment :Planetary Stewardship, ElectronicGreen Journal No 9 December 1998. Online.Internet . [June 22 1999]www.http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj09/piment1.html


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Plagiarism an example continuedwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism Is this plagiarism?

Research has shown that over time technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overall improving manyaspects of human life.

Problem This is pure plagiarism as no quotations and identical text No source cited for this information
http://www.uottawa.ca/plagiarismhttp://www.uottawa.ca/plagiarism


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Plagiarism example continuedwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism Is this plagiarism?

Research has shown that over time technology hasbeen instrumental in increasing industrial andagricultural production, improving transportation andcommunications, advancing human health care and

overall improving many aspects of human life.(Pimental, 1998)

Problem

Still plagiarism as no quotations and authors words
http://www.uottawa.ca/plagiarismhttp://www.uottawa.ca/plagiarism


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In his article on the effects of population growth on theenvironment, Pimental argues that technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overall improving manyaspects of human life.(1998)

Acceptable as the author acknowledged. As from theInternet no page numbers with this citation style asrequired for a book or journal

Acceptable use and avoiding plagiarismwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism


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According to Pimental technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation andcommunications, advancing human health care andoverall improving many aspects of human life. (1998).

Quotations have been used and paraphrasing withacknowledgement so acceptable usage



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According to Pimental (1998) technology hasgreatly improved our standard of living.

Paraphrasing with acknowledgement so acceptableusage



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Paraphrasing: if in doubt,cite

Incorrect phrasing Occurs when only a couple of phrases are changed, and

sentences rearranged When the source of information and ideas are not

acknowledgedCorrect phrasing

Occurs when the writer puts the ideas into his own words Full acknowledgment for the ideas is given


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Expressing your views: reporting verbs

positive negative neutral

argues define observes states

demonstrate identifies hypothesise shows

explains proposes concludes identifies

finds claims notes suggests

indicates describes reports


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Quotations when to use

When the exact words are relevant to your argument

When something is expressed in an uniqueway

When rewriting would cause loss of impact


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Short quotation Use inverted commas for any phrase of

statement that is someone elses exact words

Always cite the author and page number whenusing quotations

Check which referencing style your School usese.g. Harvard

Be consistent. Once you choose a method stick toit


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Long quotations

Long quotations occur very rarely inessays/assignments. When used

They should not represent a large proportion of thetotal work.

They must be clearly distinguished from the rest of thetext, in a way that clearly shows that it is a quotation

For more than 2 lines of text, use indentation to showthe extent of the quotation

Always give the exact source of your information


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Referencing within the text Within the text, insert a footnote marker after the

full stop at the end of the sentence or after theword or phrase to which it relates.

At the bottom of the page, note the footnote numberand give the full citation.

Number your footnotes continuously through yourdocument, starting at 1.

Readers can check this in a reference list(bibliography) at the end of your work

The bibliography contains the full publication details


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T LeClerq Failure to Teach: Due Process and Law SchoolPlagiarism [1999] (49) Journal of Legal Education < http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/

jled49&id=5&collection=journals&index => accessed 2February 2006 Any assumption that students understand the concepts of

plagiarism, on arrival at university, is wrong. Students donot know what plagiarism is, and they are increasingly guiltyof it. Few students enter university with a clearunderstanding of paraphrasing and its limitations, eventhough college writers should know that unacknowledgedparaphrasing "frequently leads to unintentionalplagiarism.13

13. Michael T. O'Neill, Plagiarism: (I) Writing Responsibly,ABCA Bull., June 1980, at 34.
http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&index


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Primary source = when an author presents theirown workSecondary source = when somebody reports on, orinterprets, a piece of work by another author

Cite a secondary source like this:Skinner (1986, as cited in Bjork, 1994) arguedthat..

NOTE In the bibliography you only include the Bjork book, not

the Skinner article. Why? Because you didnt read the original text


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Primary source

'Accused has no future in this country when histime is served

Mr. Justice Paul Carney delivering his annualaddress to the Law Society at University College

Cork on Wednesday, October 10th, 2007

P Carney Accused has no future in this country when histime is served The Irish Times (Dublin 11 October 2007)

16


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Secondary source

Justice Carney intervention is ill -judged andinaccurate

Tom Cooney, UCD School of Law

T Cooney Justice Carney intervention is ill -judged andinaccurate The Irish Times (Dublin 12 October 2007) 18


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Citing an electronic article

Electronic article Author's last name, First andSecond Initial. (Year) Article title. Journal title [Internet], Date of publication,Volume(issue),page numbers. Available from: [Accessed date].

Example: Hawke, J. L. et al, Genetic influences onreading difficulties in boys and girls: the Coloradotwin study (2006). Dyslexia. [Internet]. Availablefrom: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112098736/PDFSTART [Accessed 10

February 2006].


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Citing a journal article

Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year)'Article title'. Journal title , Volumenumber (Part):page numbers.

Example: Tovey, H. (2002) 'Risk, Morality, and the

Sociology of Animals - Reflections of the Foot andMouth Outbreak in Ireland'. Irish Journal of Sociology , 11 (1):23-42.


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Citing a Website

Website name. (Year) Website [Internet] .Place of publication, Publisher if ascertainable. Availablefrom: [Accessed Date]

Example: International Tourism Partnership(2004) International Tourism Partnership (ITP)[Internet] London, ITP Availablefrom: [Accessed 8 February 2006]


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How can the Library help? Advice how to identify, navigate, access, locate and use information

effectively and appropriately

Explain the difference between information in books, peer reviewed journals and the Internet

Advice how to search databases and the internet effectively

Explain plagiarism and its implication Explain the difference between common knowledge andknowledge that must be cited

Explain how to reference sources particularly electronic resources

Provide information and training on referencing software - EndNote


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Student Practice Session Exercise to Re-enforce Learning


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Where to Get More InformationUCD Library website

A-Z list P for Plagiarism

Student Portal for Citation

Documents

Plagiarism 2008 Harvard