Place Preposition(on,In,At)

8/19/2019 Place Preposition(on,In,At)

1/67

30

PREPOSITIONS

LOCATIVE: at, in, on

Examples: notice how the meaning changes according to the preposition used.at school// in the school (more precise = inside the school building); in the classroomat the station// in the station (more precise = inside the station building);sitting at a desk// on the desk (= on top)// in the desk (= in one of the drawers);in my hand (= !m holding something)// on my hand (= on the back of my hand);my hat is on my head" but my brains are in my head;on the earth (= on the surface of the earth); in the earth (= underground);on the sun (= on the surface of the sun)// in the sun (= !al sol!)// in the shade (= !a la sombra!);on the beach// in the beach (= buried in the sand);on the sea (= floating)// in the sea (= underwater)// at sea (sailing);in England" in Europe;

on the moon; on an island;on a chair; on a settee/sofa// in an armchair;on page fi#e// in the picture;at work (= working)// out of work (unemployed);on the farm// in the farmhouse"at a party (NOT in);at the bus$stop//on the platform.

TEMPORAL: at, on, in

Examples:

at % o!clock" at the moment" at &hristmas" at Easter" at night" at midday" at lunch time" at dinner.on 'onday" on uesday afternoon" on &hristmas ay" on &hristmas morning" on *ew +ear!sE#e" on ,oxing ay;in 'arch" in spring" in the morning/afternoon/e#ening (but at night)" in -.no preposition:Examples: tomorrow" tomorrow morning/afternoon/e#ening/night; today" tonight; this morning/afternoon/e#ening; yesterday" yesterday morning/afternoon/e#ening; last night.

PREPOSITIONS WITH CERTAIN COMMON VERBS

Examples:

0peak/talk to (also with)" look at/for/after" listen to"wait for" think of" think about" ask (for)" depend on" pay for.1et to" arri#e at (points" meeting places)/in (towns and cities).

2e got TO the airport at nine o!clock.2e arri#ed AT the airport at nine o!clock.2e got TO ,arcelona 3uite early.2e arri#ed IN ,arcelona 3uite early.


2/67


3/67

32

9) hey ha#e bought the flat 44 us.) America is 44 the Atlantic from 0pain.%) 44 the picture on the wall there was a safe.) 0anta &oloma isn!t 44 44 ,arcelona.


4/67


5/67

34

W#ose [n 0panish HcuyoH(etc); in &atalan Hdel 3ualH (etc)] is used for people, animals and

t#in4s:

he teacher whose house was burgled li#es in ilafranca.

he house whose windows are broken has been empty for ages.

@owe#er" in expressions like the second example" we often use a construction based on the preposition with:

he house with the broken windows has been empty for years.

'%$ Add relati#e pronouns where ne8essar9 in the following sentences:e.g. 2as the first man 44 walked on the moon a Fussian or an American (who/that)

-) he book 44 was reading yesterday was a detecti#e story.5) 2here is the wine 44 you bought this morning9) he police are looking for a man 44 escaped from artmoor.) he kind of books 44 you read are so boring.%) 0he is the kindest person 44 know.) s there a shop 44 sells shampoo near hereones.-?) he company 44 made the record has gone bankrupt.

''$ >oin each pair of sentences by using an appropriate relati#e pronoun. f the relati#e isoptional" place it in brackets:

e.g. he girl is called Dauline. +ou kissed her. (he girl (who/that) you kissed is called Dauline)

-) he man is a reporter from the local newspaper. @e inter#iewed the #ictim of theattack.5) he food is 3uite fresh. 2e are eating it.9) he film has won an 7scar. 2e saw it last week.

) he lecture was boring. hey attended it on Griday.%) he pocket calculator won!t work. +ou ga#e it to me.) he goods ha#e not been deli#ered. +ou ordered them.


6/67

35

>oin each pair of sentences as in the example:e.g. he hut stands in a wood. he tramp li#es in it.(he hut (that/ which) the tramp li#es in stands in a wood)

-) he pub is in the #illage. 2e all go to it.

5) he cooker is a gas one. +our mother cooks on it.9) he post$office is on the corner of ,ridge 0treet. collect my letters from it.) he match was a draw. 2e went to it.%) he carpet is new. +ou are standing on it.) he cup is cracked. +ou are drinking out of it.oin the following sentences by using 2@70E" as in the example:e.g. he man is at the police$station. @is car has been stolen.(he man whose car has been stolen is at the police$ station)

-) he old house was sold last week. ts door is hanging off.5) hat!s the woman. @er husband died last week.9) he man can!t pay his fare. @is wallet was stolen.) hat!s the lawyer. @is son has been gi#en a grant to study abroad.%) hat!s the shopkeeper. @is wife is ha#ing an operation next week.

'&$ Gorm sentences by Coining the gi#en words:e.g. his is the computer/ tell you about/ the other day.(his is the computer (which/ that) told you about the other day)

-) his is the tree / car / crash into / yesterday.5) hese are the children / 'ary /look after / e#ery Griday e#ening.9) he music / you listen to / now / is too loud.) he book / you gi#e me/ really interesting.%) he watch / look for / ha#e / a brown leather strap.SOME3AN03NO - COMPO2N!S

($ Dut in SOME, AN0 or NO to complete the meaning of the following sentences:e.g. !m sorry" can!t pay for your drinks. ha#e 44 money. (no)NOTE: 2ith


7/67

36

%) can!t find the can$opener 44where. 2ell" it must be 44where around. ry the kitchen.) here!s 44 body on the phone for you. hat!s funny; wasn!t expecting 44 body tocall.


8/67

37

COMPO2N!S O SOME3 AN03 NO3 EVER0 - ELSE

.$ &omplete the following sentences using a compound of SOME, AN0, NO,EVER0 with ELSE:

e.g. his place is too expensi#e. 6et!s go 44 (somewhere else)@er father did not know but 44 did. (e#erybody else)

-) id om tell 'arion about his problem *o" but think he told 44 .5) @a#e you washed up *o" but !#e done 44 you told me to.9) 2e went to 0ardinia last summer" but next summer we!re going 44 ) Apart from Deter" 44 remembered my birthday.%) !d rather not ha#e fish for lunch. !d like 44 .) 'r 0utton phoned this morning. 7h id 44 phone


9/67

38

44 people study 'andarin or other &hinese languages. (few)

-) 44 salad for me" please. don!t particularly like it.5) 44 patience and 44 words of ad#ice help more than medicine" sometimes.9) 44 pass all their degree exams at first attempt.

) ry to learn 44 English e#ery day.%) 2ill you gi#e me 44 money to buy 44 sweets

ONE3 ONES

$ Dut in either ONE or ONES in place of the underlined countable nouns:e.g. wo red pens" three black pens and one blue pen" please. (ones/ one)

-) 6ook at the elephantB sn!t it a big elephantB

5) hese are excellent apples. 'ay ha#e another small apple" please 7f course. @a#e alarge apple. here are some riper apples in the kitchen" if you want.9) !ll take one small white loaf and a large brown loaf.) his train is the longest train !#e e#er been on.%) hose are nice photos. 1i#e me the photos of the two of us together" and you keep therest.

BOTH3 NEITHER >> NOR

;$ ransform the sentences as in the example:

e.g. ,oth Deter and 1eoff are o?t this e#ening.(*either Deter nor 1eoff are in this e#ening)

-) ,oth ina and ony are short.5) ,oth @erbert and his brother are generous.

9) ,oth 'artin and @ugh dislike li#er.) ,oth the ,ritish and the >apanese dri#e on the left.%) ,oth 'ary and her husband detest modern dancing.

&$ >oin the sentences in two ways" as in the example:

e.g. 2e don!t speak 0panish. 2e don!t speak Grench.(2e don!t speak either 0panish or Grench.2e speak neither 0panish nor Grench)


10/67

39

-) >ack doesn!t speak kindly. @e doesn!t speak politely.5) 7ur dog isn!t fierce. @e isn!t disobedient.9) 'arCorie doesn!t feel lonely. 0he doesn!t feel unhappy.) don!t dance. don!t sing.

%) 7ur headmaster doesn!t speak 3uietly. @e doesn!t speak clearly.

SO3NEITHER3NOR in ans6ers

;($ 2rite a suitable reply to each of the following affirmati#e/negati#e statements.6ook at the following examples:Deggy works in a hospital. 0o does >oan. (= >oan works in a hospital" too.)hey didn!t like the film. *either/*or did . (= didn!t like the film" either.)

-) >ane is #ery happy. (>ohn)

5) ,arcelona hasn!t got enough parks. ('adrid)9) an thinks your Cokes are #ery funny. ()) hey!re spending too much money. (you)%) hey don!t smoke. (>im!s father)) hey enCoyed themsel#es #ery much. (we)


11/67

40

;)$ Add the necessary 3uestion tags to the following sentences:

-) @e is early this morning" 44 5) 2e must go now" 44

9) +ou can swim #ery well" 44 ) was #ery 3uick" 44 %) hey always work hard" 44 ) @e!ll like it" 44 ohn Alfred 0mithers" 44 0mithers: +es" am. D&: +ou!re 9" 44 0: +es" that!s right. t was my birthday yesterday. D&: +ou sell cars" 44 0: +es" do. And other things. D&: +ou li#e in Ealing" 44 0:+es" do. !#e li#ed here all my life. D&: +ou went to Ascot races yesterday" 44 0: hat!s right. D&: +ou weren!t alone" 44 0: *o" wasn!t. was with sadora ,ell. D&: ,ut you!re married" 44" 0mithers 0: +es" but ha#en!t seen my wife for three years. D&: see. *ow you left your flat at one o!clock" 44 0: +es" about one o!clock. D&: +ou were in your Dorsche" 44 0: +es" was. D&: +ou didn!t stop for petrol" 44 0: *o. D&: +ou had lunch in an ndian restaurant" 44

0: 7h no" we didn!t. 2e had lunch in a pub. D&: +ou don!t remember the name of the pub" 44 0: *o" !m afraid don!t. D&: +ou had chicken and chips" 44 0: *o" no. 2e had beer and sandwiches outside. D&: +ou arri#ed in time for the first race" and stayed until the last race" 44 0: +esB D&: +ou were #ery lucky" 44 0: +es" was. D&: +ou won -?"??? pounds" 44


12/67

41

0: *o" can!t remember exactly how much. D&: here was -?"??? pounds in your flat" 44 0: 2as there D&: +ou don!t know where 'iss ,ell is now" 44 0: *o" !m not her husband" 44

D&: ,ut you left her in &entral 6ondon because she wanted to buy some clothes. 0: +es. D&: t!s #ery interesting" 44" 'r 0mithers +ou!#e got a #ery fast car" 44 0: 2hat do you mean D&: he last race at Ascot began late and it didn!t finish until twenty$fi#e past fi#e" soyou dro#e from Ascot to &entral 6ondon and back to Ealing in thirty$fi#e minutes" inthe rush hour. hat!s impossible" 44" 'r 0mithersB

SO 3 S2CH

;$ Dut SO or S2CH in the following sentences:

e.g. he e#idence was 44 strong that the Cudge found the accused guilty. (so) had 44 an awful time at that party last nightB (such) NOTE: Jse SO before much/many L noun and little/few L noun

-) +ou!#e made 44 many mistakes you!ll ha#e to re$type the letter.5) t was 44 nice to see you again.9) 0he had 44 a bad headache that she went straight to bed.) 0he speaks 44 3uietly that it!s hard to hear what she says.%) !m 44 hungry could eat a horse.) he exercise was 44 difficult that had to lea#e it.


13/67

42

CLA2SES O RES2LT

;%$ &omplete the following as in the example.e.g. t was s?8# a frightening film t#at 44

(44 couldn!t sleep that night at all)

-) he bus was so full that 44 5) 'y aunt is so fat that 44 9) 'y brother dri#es so fast that 44 ) am so short of money that 44 %) his &oca$&ola is so cold that 44

TOO3 TOO M2CH3 TOO MAN0

;'$ 6ook at the examples and try to work out the rules yourself before doing the exercise. Examples:-. !m 44 tired to go on. (too)5. +ou eat your lunch 44 3uickly; you!ll get indigestion. (too)9. here!s 44 noise in this room. (too much). on!t gi#e me 44 carrots and peas. (too many)%. 'y landlady is a nuisance; she talks 44 . (too much)

Exercise:-) +ou did your essay 44 3uickly.5) +ou!re 44 weak to lift those hea#y boxes.9) here are 44 students in some of these classes.) his tea is 44 sweet; there!s 44 sugar in it.%) on!t phone me 44 often; !m ne#er in.

2hat is the difference between @er9 and too

TOO >> NOT >> ENO21H

;$ Fewrite the following sentences using either NOT >> ENO21H or TOO >> to

express the same idea.e.g. his pullo#er is not big enough for me.(his pullo#er is too small for me)

-) +our car is not big enough for the whole family.5) +ou!re too small to reach that shelf.9) he water is not warm enough to swim in.) hat article is too long to read in an hour.%) his exercise is not simple enough for a first$year English student to do.) hat car is too expensi#e for us to buy.


14/67

43

ohn *o" !m 44 doing the first exercise.5) @a#e you done yours" Deter +es" !#e 44 done it.9) @a#e you sent the cards" ick *o" !m 44 writing them.

) t!s only ele#en o!clock and >ennifer has 44 done the washing.%) @as 'ary had a bath 44 *o" she is 44 in bed.) &an *orman play the drums 44 *o" he!s 44 learning.


15/67

44

&($ &omplete the unfinished words in these sentences either with


16/67


17/67

46

) he woman pushed in and stood 44 me in the 3ueue (* GF7* 7G/7DD70E)) 6ook at that beautiful mountain 44 usB (A@EA 7G/7DD70E)%?) @ello. ha#en!t seen you 44 ages. (G7F/JF*1)%-) 2e are going to 'enorca 44 a fortnight. (JF*1/G7F)%5) 44 the class" the teacher explained a lot of grammatical and #ocabulary problems.

(JF*1/G7F)%9) keep my type writer 44 my desk. (7*/*)%) @elen found an old lo#e letter 44 the drawer of her dressing table. (7*/*/*7)%%) he students came 44 the classroom. (*/*7)

!$ A!ECTIVES, PAST PARTICIPLES AN! A!VERBS

%) o you li#e 44 or with somebody else (A67*E/67*E6+)%ackson!s 44 record (6A0/6AE0)9) hat was the 44 time he saw her. (6A0/6AE0)) n his 44 condition" he!ll be lucky to sur#i#e the operation. (DFE0E*/A&JA6)%) n 44 fact she 3uite likes you. (DFE0E*/A&JA6)) 44 " English isn!t as difficult as you think. (A&JA66+/DFE0E*6+)


18/67

47

ore6or7

2hen you write in English" there are some differences in expression you should bear in mind.

English people:a$ write shorter sentences (normally using only one subordinate clause) $ use fewer words to express their ideas

8$ write shorter paragraphs

7$ HpersonaliseH their language (i.e. a#oid abstract nouns and expressions" andimpersonal phrases).

Dunctuation is also different. 0panish uses more commas than English. English uses semi$colons (;) and colons (:) more often than 0panish.

6ook at this:Ella era alta y guapa" tenSa unos treinta aTos" de complexiUn esbelta y fina" era como unaestatua de belleIa clVsica.0he was tall and beautiful. n age she was about thirty years old; slim and delicate in build:she was like a statue of classical beauty.ry to remember the abo#e when you write in EnglishB

12I!ANCE ON WRITIN1 !IERENT T0PES O COMPOSITIONS )$ !ail9 ro?tine2rite an essay of about -%? words using the following:

a) &onnectors of se3uenceGirst of all/hen/*ext/After that/ Ginally

b) erbs (and obCects)

COMPOSITIONS


19/67

48

2ake up/ get up/ ha#e a shower/ ha#e a wash/ make breakfast/ brush my teeth/ packmy lunch/ put on my coat/ pick up my umbrella/ open the door/ kiss my partner good$

bye/ catch the bus to work/ arri#e at work/ work/ finish work/ come back home.

c) emporal expressions

n the morning/afternoon/e#ening" at night" at (L time)


20/67

49

*$ Letters "ne?tral st9le$

a$ Letter asGin4 Dor inDormation

@ere is the letter$heading:

he irector" ,almes" 95-" W$-X,ritannia 6anguage 0chool 1irona9-" 1reen 0treet 0pain0outhampton (@ants)Jnited 8ingdom 5th 'arch -

ear 0ir"

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

(*ow put the rest of the letter in correct order" and di#ide it into paragraphs).a$ interested in a one$month course starting in >uly or

b$ teachers nati#e onesc$ on arri#al. &an pay in pesetasd$ &oncerning accommodation" would prefer to staye$ Dlease inform me as to the price of the courses and thef$ am writing to ask you for information about yourg$ with an English family. &an you arrange thish$ number of students in the classes. Are all youri$ Ginally" do you organise excursions to nearby

C$ August for a third$year student of English.k$ send me a brochure about your courses.l$ summer intensi#e courses in 1eneral English. amm$ As to payment" is this by bank transfer orn$ historic towns and cities hope so. Dlease$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

look forward to hearing from you.+ours faithfully"(signed) F. GernVndeI

FAGAE6A GEF*A*EY F7F1JEY


21/67

50

NOTICE:

)$ f you begin 5!ear Sir5 (man) or 5!ear Ma7am5 (woman) or 5!ear Sirs5 (company" institution)" you end with 50o?rs Dait#D?ll9,5 ,ut if you begin with aname (!ear Mr Bro6n3 Mrs Bro6n3 Ms Bro6n3 Miss Bro6n)" you must end50o?rs sin8erel9,5

*$ +ou must write the name and address of the addressee at the top of the letter (on theleft)

$ on!t forget 9o?r address (top right); and the date (underneath) as follows: 5th0eptember -/ 0eptember 5" -

.$ Jse connectors to gi#e a logical se3uence to your letter" paragraph by paragraph (e.g.Girst of all/Girstly" ... .)%$ H am writing to you to (L #erb infiniti#e)... .H is a standard beginning. (*7 H writeto you to...H).

$ o appli8ation letter "ne?tral st9le$

6ay$out of letter$heading as in 5(a) abo#e "Letter asGin4 Dor inDormation$

*ow write a letter of about -%? words co#ering the following: $ the Cob ad#ertisement reference and the Cob you are applying for $ your name" age" marital status and nationality$ your diplomas and other academic or professional3ualifications

$ your rele#ant experience$ your present Cob and reason(s) for wanting to change it$ your particular suitability for the Cob ad#ertised i#ide the letter into appropriate paragraphs.

End the letter as in *"a$ abo#e [ look forward to hearing from you (etc.)].

@ere are some words and expressions that are suitable for your letter:ad#ertisement/ Cob/ apply for degree/ certificate/ diploma/ course/ studies

company/ office/ department/ sectionwork under/ be in charge of/ run

promotion/ salary increase/ Cob satisfaction/ moti#ationa#ailable for inter#iew/ telephone number/ message

"8$ Letter asGin4 Dor a7@i8e "prolem letter$ (more personal style" approaching informalregister)

Fead the following letter and then


22/67

51

a) write an answer gi#ing the ad#ice asked for. Day attention to arguing your points logicallyand take into account the writer!s comments and 3uestions.

b) write a similar letter about a problem and gi#e it to a classmate to answer.

'odel letter

ear >oan"

used to work for a small pro#incial company but" feeling more ambitious" mo#ed to6ondon and Coined a maCor international firm.

@owe#er" did not enCoy the change as much as had expected. he friendly workingatmosphere was used to did not exist in the 6ondon company. here was more office

politics. Deople became ner#ous and irritable under stress and" to top it all" the hours were

longer. 2hy ,ecause we were expected to work o#ertime. Fecently" met my old boss at a party in my hometown and told her about my experience. 0he was sympathetic and e#enoffered me my old Cob back.

2hat shall do 0hould go back to my old Cob 7r should stick it out" hoping things willimpro#e

Dlease ad#ise me.

+ours sincerely"

(signed) Angela ,lack ('s)

Ad#ice structures:+ou should/ +ou ought to/ +ou!d better (not)/ f were you" !d ... / t!s a good idea to/ t!s bestto/ he best thing to do is to

0uggestion structures:

@ow about .....

2hat about .....+ou could .....2hy don!t you .....

+ Letters "inDormal st9le$

"a$ Letter to a 4oo7 Drien7 an7 "$ memer oD t#e Damil9

"i$ @ere are two letters from friends. Feconstruct them from the numbered fragments. As youdo so" pay attention to (-) the style of language and (5) the con#entional expressions


23/67

52

(including HholidayH expressions) used. 'ake notes. 2hat can you say about these twofeatures

ra4ments )


24/67

53

>acky

. places to eat them.on!t work too hardB 0ee you soon.Femember me to the boys. Angie sends her lo#e.

,ye for now.

,ob

D.0. Dity about England in the 2orld &up" ehB

. the sea$breeIe in your hair and listen to the wash of the wa#es on the rocks not far below.t!s really a romantic place.!#e been meeting a lot of the local people and now !#e made a group of friends. 2e!re

-?. from enice and must say !m sorry you were disappointed with the place. +ou shouldha#e come here. 6lafranch is a lo#ely seaside #illage on the &osta ,ra#a. t!s not too big andthere!s a fantastic walk" with mar#ellous #iews o#er the bay and out to sea" from 6lafranch

"ii$ &ompare your notes with the answers in the key.

"iii$ *ow write an answer to one of the abo#e reconstructed letters.@ere are some more expressions" taken from informal letters" to help you. nclude some ofthem.

"a$ At t#e start

ear (Grances)" (,ob)"'y dear (,ert)"earest (Andy)" (>acky)"

$his is my first letter from ...$>ust to drop you a few line from...$!m writing this from (my hotel room o#erlooking the bay)...$hanks for your (postcard/letter). 0orry to take so much time to answer/ ha#en!t written

before but !#e been enCoying myself too much to write back at once.

"$In t#e mi77le

$Anyway" as was saying we (took the bus to ...$,elie#e it or not" we!#e had (pouring rain for the last week)$his is the life for me" you know.$6o#ely weather" isn!t it$Dity forgot my address book.$Dity about the food/ room/ people.$@ow oddB Cust can!t understand it.


25/67

54

$!m furious. t!s enough to make you write to the papersB$2hat about you @ow are things

"8$ At t#e en7

$'ust stop now. t!s getting late. / ha#e to post this./ 2e!re off to the beach.

$2ell" that!s all ha#e time for now.$ime to finish. 0ee you soon.$,est wishes/ Fegards.$Femember me to (the children /your wife/your husband).$1i#e my lo#e (to your mother).$,ye for now.$6o#e and best wishes.$6o#e and kisses.

444444444444444444444444444444444444 D.0. 0end me your new telephone number.

. !es8riin4 people, pla8es an7 t#in4s

a$ Impro@in4 9o?r 6ritin4

2hen you write" don!t Cust think of it as a chore" but consider also the readerB A#oidwords whose effect is weakened by o#eruse.

hink of alternati#e" more expressi#e words to replace the following a7e8ti@es and@ers+

i$ A7e8ti@es e.g. he weather was bad.0ay instead: he weather was poor.

big/small; nice" good/bad; beautiful/ugly; happy/sad; wonderful" fantastic"mar#ellous/horrible" terrible; best/worst; interesting/boring; exciting

ii$ Vers e.g. arri#e at = reacho" make; come" go; arri#e at" get to; go up" go down; go into" come out of; see" look

at;

*ow write a short paragraph on one or more of the following" a#oiding the use of thewords and expressions in (i) and (ii) abo#e:

a) +our best friend b) +our fa#ourite city or town" or your hometownc) +our best (or worst) holiday.

$ !es8riin4 people+2rite a description of a friend of yours. Dossible beginnings:

ha#e a friend called ... ( ha#e a friend whose name is ...). ha#e known him/her for ... years. 2e first met ... .


26/67

55

ry and incorporate some of the following words into your composition:

tall $ short fat/plump $ slim" thin strong $ weak dark ($haired) $ fair ($haired)/blonde

hard$working $ laIy boring $ interesting serious/studious $ comical/amusing/good company (*7E: @e is fun = +ou ha#e a good time with him) good$tempered $ bad$tempered/moody/temperamental helpful $ uncooperati#e/awkward/stubborn healthy $ sickly/ suffers from ill health understanding $ unsympathetic self$confident $ shy punctual/reliable $ unreliable (espaTol: informal) good$looking/handsome/attracti#e $ ugly/plain

Jse the following words to modify the abo#e:

#ery" 3uite/fairly/rather" a little/a bit/a little bit sometimes/at times" ne#er" not always #ery @e/0he tends to be ...

%+ C#an4es

"i$ &onsider these 3uestions:

@ow has your life changed since you were a child@a#e you mo#ed house or flat @ow has your family changed@ow has your district" town or city changedAre you now a better (or worse) person ,etter$mannered" better educated 'ore matureAnd what has stayed the same

ii$ *ow list some of these changes under headings such as: 'yself/ 'y family/ 'y home/'y hometown/ 'y schooling/ Deople in general.

iii$ iscuss the changes with a partner in class. @a#e the changes been for better or worse

Jse some of these expressions:

a) &ontrast and concession@owe#er"... /7n the one hand" ... 7n the other hand" ... / ,ut ... /Although... /E#en though ...

b) AdditionAlso" ... /,esides" ... /n addition" ... /'oreo#er" ...

c) 6isting (in same paragraph)Girstly" ... / 0econdly" ... / hirdly" ... /(etc)/6ast of all" ... (6astly" ...) (Ginally" ...)


27/67

56

d) 0e3uence (in same paragraph)Girst" ... / *ext" ... / hen" ... / After that" ... /Ginally"...

i#) *ow" together" write approx. -%? words about what has changed in the life of one of you

(use the third person when you write) and compare the changes with the pre#iouscircumstances. Jse comparati#e" superlati#e and e3uality expressions" together with modifiers:

a) comparati#ee#enfar more crowded thana lot/ much dirtier a bit/ a little

b) superlati#eabsolutely wonderfulreally mar#ellous the best

c) e3ualityas exciting/ boring/ 3uickly as

0tart nowB

'+ 1i@in4 an opinion < re@ie6in4 a ooG or a Dilm

i$ Girst" think of a book or a film you particularly enCoyed.

ii$ *ow try to summariIe its plot (the action) in about -?? words (you can use the presenttense in this case).

iii$ *ext" write down a list of what you really liked about the book or film under headingssuch as:

a) &haracter portrayal b) escriptions of scenery and/ or atmosphere (the setting)

c) Fealism/0uspense

i@$ Ginally" write an appraisal of the book/ film (-%? $ 5?? words). i#ide your essay into paragraphs" which should co#er the following (in the same order):

a$ a8ts ao?t t#e ooG (Author" when and where published &opies sold Daperbackedition 'ade into a film)?r film (,ased on irected by Droduced by 'ade when and where 0tarring) (about -

paragraph)


28/67

57

$ T#e settin4 an7 t#e stor9 (ntroduce the time" place and characters. ,riefly tell the story(present tense) (about 5 paragraphs)

8$ O?tstan7in4 Deat?res (Dick out episodes and other details from the book or film" sayingwhy you particularly liked them. (- to 5 paragraphs)

7$ inal impression (1i#e your definiti#e #iew on the 3uality of the book/ film (- paragraph)

he following expressions will help you in this task:

H(O) tells the story of ...HHis based on a real experience/real lifeHHhe film stars (+) in the title roleHHhe hero/heroine is played by (+)HHhe lead part in the film is played by (+)H

H(+!s) performance in the star role was outstanding/impressi#eHHn my opinionH/Hn my #iewH/HGrom my #iewpointH/HDersonally" thinkHHhe descriptions are so con#incing that...HHt is a gripping storyHHhe story is set in (place) in (year" period)HHAs the story progresses" we see ...HHhe turning$point is when...HHhe relationship between (A) and (,) leads to...HHn the end/Ginally"...HHt is not until the end that we learn ....HH was especially impressed by ...H

+ !is8?rsi@e: a7@anta4es an7 7isa7@anta4es

a$ Fead this:

6i#ing in a town or in the country

" (-) the main ad#antage of li#ing in a town is the proximity of ser#ices" work andentertainment. n the extreme case" you may li#e" work and e#en spend part of your social lifein the same street.

" (5) in the country life is necessarily more demanding and #aried. Garmers ha#e totra#el from home to their fields. f you are ill" the nearest doctor may be in the next #illage"necessitating an urgent Courney of se#eral miles. +ou are more dependent on or exposed tochanges in the weather. " (9) there may be no form of entertainment beyond a localcinema which opens once a week. " () many people belie#e country life is Cust too


29/67

58

much trouble to be worthwhile. (%) why is it that nowadays there is () amo#e out from the towns and cities to li#e in the country

he answer cannot be only in the increase in property prices. 6ife in the country is healthierand less risky than in a town. " (


30/67

59

OREWOR!

hese exercises consist of a #ariety of oral and written tasks for the student to perform bothinside and outside class. 0olutions are pro#ided in the E0 for almost all the exercises.

'any of the exercises can ser#e as an introduction to longer writing tasks" which can be set by the teacher as class homework.

Ginally" most of these #ocabulary exercises form amusing games. 0tudents should enCoy themand back this work up with reading suitably adapted English books and contact with English$speaking people outside class.

E/ERCISES

i$ 6ist the parts oD t#e o79 from top to bottom. 6ist the Da8ial Deat?res in detail.

ii$ 2hat is the difference between (a) HcomplexionH (English) and HcomplexiUnH (0panish)and (b) HcomplexionH and HskinH in English

iii$ hink of ways to describe (a) #air and (b) 8omplexion

i@$ escription can be concisely expressed. 6ook at the example and do the exercise.

Example: A girl with big eyes (A big$eyed girl)NOTE: Colo?r3 Sie3 S#ape are the typical concepts expressed in this way.Express:a$ A girl with green eyes$ An athlete with long legs8$ A man with a round face7$ A woman with pale skine$ A child with curly hair.

@$ a$ 2hat are the opposites of the following characteristics

good$natured/ well$mannered/ polite/ calm/ cheerful/ honest/ intelligent/ hard$working/ generous/ tidy. $ 2hat are the meanings of (i) Heasy$goingH and Hhighly strungH (ii) bossy 8$ 1i#e the negati#es (using one of the prefixes ?n


31/67

60

@ii$ escribe yourself/ your family/ people in class.

@iii$ "a$ 2ho is the nicest person you know 2hy "$ And the worst 2hy

i$ ogether with your partner list (a) the t9pes of places people li#e in (b) the typical rooms of a house and (c) the D?rnit?re, Dixt?res and Dittin4s most usually found in those rooms.

ii$ *ow describe to your partner your fa#ourite room at home.

iii$ 2hat do you like and dislike about your classroom iscuss with your partner.

i@$ hink of some of the typical tasks people ha#e to perform when doing the housework. 2hich ones do 9o? do 2ho does what in your home 2hich are your Da@o?rite Cobs athome And the worst ones

@$ Mat8# t#e 8orrespon7in4 #al@es: a) sweep i) the carpet. b) ad does ii) the wine glasses. c) 'y sister dusts iii) and dry the dishes.

d) 'y brother washes i#) his own bed. e) 2e all wash #) the furniture. f) 'um hoo#ers #i) the floor. g) 7ur cleaner does #ii) ad!s car. h) ad polishes #iii) the washing and cleans the windows. i) sometimes empty ix) the shopping in the week. C) 'y brother ne#er makes x) the rubbish bin.

@i$ Mat8# t#e 8orrespon7in4 #al@es:

a) 2ho prunes -) the gardening. b) *obody likes cutting 5) the new bulbs before winter.c) 7nce" dug up 9) the garden fre3uently.

d) lo#e doing ) the rose bushes e) 2e must plant %) the hedge. f) 'y sister hates ) the lawn. g) 2e pick


32/67

61

water in 7ctober.

i$ 2hat hobbies and acti#ities are associated with which ages (small children" schoolchildren"teenagers" young adults" middle$aged people" old people).iscuss your ideas with your

partner.

ii$ 2hat expressions can be formed with 54o5 and what is the rule

iii$ hink of expressions that use 57o5 or 5maGe5 and try to discern some rules (many aretotally idiomaticB)

i@$ escribe to your partner your typical current #oies and other Dree


33/67

62

on the (coast" shores" bank) of... on the motorway /road to... (-?? kms) to the (south) of... t!s between (O) and (+) /t!s (-?? kms) away from (O).

@i$ 2ith your partner" list expressions describing (a) 8limate and (b) e8onomi8 a8ti@it9 or?se oD lan7.

@ii$ *ow" as a guessing game" describe (a) a 8it9 and (b) a 8o?ntr9 (location" population"types of industry" en#ironment...).

i$ 2hat 4ames can you play and what 8lot#es and eJ?ipment are necessary for themellyour partner.

ii$ 2hich games (a) did you play at school (b) do you play now and (c) would you like to play in the future

iii$ 2hat sports or games are specially associated with (a) &atalonia (b) parts of 0pain or (c),ritain.ry to describe the sport or game to your partner.

i@$ 2ho is your fa#ourite sports person escribe a typical period in his/her life.

@$ Fe#ise the parts oD t#e o79+2hat symptoms" illnesses and inCuries are associated with them2hat are the remedies2ho can look after you and where

@i$ See 9o?r 7o8tor (your partner) and get treatment or a prescription for your inCury orsickness.(elephone to make an appointment/ arri#e/ gi#e your name to the nurse/ wait in the waitingroom/ see the doctor/ describe the problem/ get treatment or a prescription/ ask if you ha#e tocome back/ say good$bye.

@ii$ 2hat does a dentist do 6ist" with your partner" the things done at a dentist!s surgery.

@ii$ Visit 9o?r 7entist (as in "@i$ abo#e).

i$ o you e#er eat out 2here 2hy 2ho with ell your partner.

%+ Sports an7 #ealt#

'+ oo7


34/67

63

ii$ 2ith your partner list the main #ocabulary of food (meat" fish" poultry" #egetables" fruit"spices" drinks...). on!t forget the different ways to prepare foodB

iii$ escribe your fa#ourite dish. &an you write the recipe ryB

i@$ *ow prepare a menu for your restaurant (family restaurant or Hexclusi#eH restaurant).

Example:

5T#e Se@ent# Hea@en5

irst 8o?rse: Drawn &ocktailSe8on7 Co?rse: 0ole meuni[re and boiled potatoes.!essert: 0herry rifle.

+ou can add prices (in English currency).on!t forget the Wine ListKhe expressions Starters3 Main 8o?rse3 S6eet are more homely and" perhaps" more

appropriate to family restaurants.

2hat is 5#ome 8ooGin45

@$ 2ith two other students practise the restaurant acti#ity (one of you is the 2aiter/2aitress).

(Arri#e at the restaurant/ ask for a table for two/ be shown to your table/ ask for the menu/ask about certain dishes/ order your meal/ from the 2ine 6ist" choose a wine/ ask for otherdishes/ ask for the bill/ pay the bill/ lea#e a tip/ lea#e the restaurant.).

i$ 2hat languages do people in Europe speak 2here iscuss with your partner.

ii$ 2hich of these languages can you speak a little/ well/ fluently 2hen did you learn orstart to learn each of them

iii$ 2hy are you studying English

i@$ @ow long ha#e you been studying it

@$ 2hat are t#e a7@anta4es and 7isa7@anta4es of English compared with &atalan or0panish 6ist and discuss them in detail with your partner.QDractise these expressions: $&ontrast and concession: H7n the one hand"... but on theother"...H/ H... .@owe#er" ...H/ HAlthough..." ...H/ H... As a result" ...H / Hespite (the fact that)...H//Addition: H'oreo#er... H / HAlso"...H / Hn addition" ...H / 0e3uence: HGirstly" ...H /

H0econdly" ...H / Hhirdly" ...H / HGinally" ...H // (Ask your teacher for more expressions) ].

+ Lan4?a4e an7 lan4?a4e tea8#in4+


35/67

64

@i$ @a#e you e#er been to England or an English$speaking country 2hat was it like 2hat problems did you ha#e when trying to communicate

@ii$ f you could study another language" which one would you choose 2hy

@iii$ 2hat problems do you face in your English studies $in class or outside$ and how do youthink they could be sol#ed

ix$ @ow would 9o? teach English to your classmates

x$ (a) 2hat do you like most of all about your present English classes (b) And least of all 2hy (c) 2hat would you remo#e from the course programme 2hy (d) 2hat would you add to the classes 2hy

xi$ 2hen do you expect to #isit an English$speaking country 2hich one 2hy

i$ 2hat are 5sin4le7e8Gers5 and 57o?le7e8Gers52here can you find them

ii$ @a#e you e#er ridden on a doubledecker bus escribe the experience to your partner.

iii$ 2hat is t#e 2n7er4ro?n7 also called in 6ondon 2hy do you think the name is logicaland appropriate

i@$ (a) 2ith your partner list the #arious means oD transport" di#iding them into p?li8 andpri@ate+ (b) *ow compare the #arious means" deciding which is$the 3uickest$the slowest$the safest$the most dangerous$the most expensi#e$the cheapest$the oldest$the most modern

$the most romantic$the most comfortable$the least comfortable$the dirtiest or most polluting$the cleanest in your city or town

@$ 2hich is your Da@o?rite form of transport 2hy

@i$ 2hat impro@ements would you recommend to the transport system in your city or town

;+ Transport in 8ities or to6ns, espe8iall9 in Bar8elona or 9o?r #ometo6n+


36/67

65

@ii$ 2ould you rather buy a petrol$dri#en car than a diesel car 2hy

@iii$ 2hat future forms of transport can you imagine

ix$ 2ith your partner" list the basic parts of a car" with associated expressions.

i$ Dhysically describe to your partner the #arious members of your family. (@e/she can makenotes)

ii$ *ow show your partner a p#oto of your family. &an your partner recogniIe each of the persons you ha#e Cust described

iii$ ell your partner something about each of the members$ personality" interests" Cob or profession" studies... hen check if he/she remembersB

i@$ "a$ 2ho do you like most in your family 2ho is your best friend 2hy "$ And the least 2hy

@$ &ompare yourself with the rest of your family. 2ho do you looG liGe most of all And whoare you most liGe in 8#ara8ter

&ompare and discuss with your partner your answers to the following 3uestions:

i$ 2hat are the teaching institutions and the associated ages of pupils or students [e.g.

n?rser9 s8#ool$ children under % (toddlers)].

ii$ 2hat do you do at nursery school

iii$ 2hat subCects do you study at (a) primary school and (b) secondary school

i@$ 2hat is (a) your best and (b) your worst memory of your school days 2hy

@$ 2ho was your fa#ourite teacher $your best teacher $your worst teacher 2hy (in all cases)

&+ amil9+

)(+ S8#ool an7 ?ni@ersit9 e7?8ation


37/67

66

@i$ 2hat 3ualifications ha#e you now got and where and when did you get them (e.g.diploma in typing from secretarial college at the age of -%)

@ii$ 2hat 3ualification do you hope to obtain now at uni#ersity

$in which subCect $from what Gaculty

@iii$ "a$ 2hat year of study are you in "$ @ow many more years do you ha#e to study for your degree (or other 3ualification)

ix$ 2hat skills do you possess (e.g. dri#ing)

x$ "a$ 2hat are your ambitions for the future "$ 2ould you like to study elsewhere f so" where and why

xi$ iscuss the ad#antages of studying English in the context of studying abroad (e.g. withthe Erasmus programme).

xii$ "a$ 2hat problems need urgently to be sol#ed in your Gaculty" 0chool or epartment"$ @ow would 9o? sol#e them

xiii$ Mat8# t#e 8orrespon7in4 #al@es:

i)he alarm clock rings: a) his school shirt" trousers and tie.ii) @e doesn!t like b) out of his satchel and sits at his desk.iii)@e puts on c) >ohn wakes and gets up.i#) @e won!t put on d) his bike and arri#es in time for 0chool Assembly.#)@e did e) his school blaIer until after breakfast.#i)@e kisses f) wearing a school cap but

it!s part of the school uniform.#ii)@e gets on g) his little sister good$bye.#iii)Ginally" he takes his books h) the homework.

xi@$ Mat8# t#e 8orrespon7in4 #al@es:

i)0he!s studying a) year of my maths degree.ii) failed pure maths b) so we ha#en!t got a

degree yet.iii)2e!re doing c) in heology.i#)!m in the first d) for a degree in physics.#)@e!s writing up e) but passed applied maths.#i)0he!s doing a doctorate f) in 1erman with Girst &lass @onours.


38/67

67

#ii)@e graduated g) research into the causes of deafness.#iii)2e!re undergraduates" h) his thesis on sexism among teachers.

i$ Asso8iate t#e eJ?ipment 6it# t#e 6orGer or proDessional:

-.A trowel (i)ranslator 5.A truncheon (ii)7ffice worker 9.A pocket calculator (iii)eacher .,inoculars (i#)1ardener;Gireman%.A thermometer and stethoscope (#)Accountant.A hose (#i)Dolicewoman or $man


39/67

68

ii$ &ompare your home towns with each other and" finally" with ,arcelona (or other districtsin ,&*).

iii$ 2hat impro@ements would you make in your home town or 3uarter iscuss with your partner.

i@$ 2ere you born where you li#e now ell your partner about 9o?r pla8e oD irt#" and your childhood there.

@$ "a$ magine your partner is an English tourist. Fecommend to him/her the best places to#isit in your town or 3uarter" where to stay and what to do at night. "$ 1i#e him/her the directions to a good hotel and any other places he/she wants to #isit. (+our partner will ask 3uestions beginning H&an you tell me...H or H@ow do getto...H).

@i$ !ra6 t6o i7enti8al maps (photocopy one" if necessary) of a city" a desert island or a

stretch of countryside.

$ 7n one" mark with HOH the place where you ha#e buried your treasure" lea#ing somelandmarks to guide people there.

$ *ow imagine you are held prisoner and your partner must find the treasure to pay yourransom. 1i#e him/her directions to the treasure. ('ake sure he/she comes back to ransomyouB).

i$ Mat8# t#e t6o #al@es:

a$ enCoy listening -) turn up the #olume. $f don!t like the .. 5) who watch HelecincoH or HAntena 9H.

programme8$he sound is bad" 9) on

7$ hate commercials ) to the radio e$!m fond of %)watching sport on

D$ can!t stand people ) switch o#er 4$ 3uite like most


40/67


41/67

70

x$ 2ith your partner find an idea for a new programme ( or radio). 2rite out the programme plan together. ell the rest of the class. (he class #otes the best programme).

xi$ escribe to your partner "a$ a programme "$ a radio programme. +our partnerguesses which programme it is.

i$ 2ith t6o more students (if possible" from different places on the Deninsula)" consider thecharacteristics of ,ritain. Establish the characteristics of: $ its climate $ its people $ its economy $ its en#ironment $ its go#ernment.

ii$ *ow "in turn" compare ,ritain with your part of the world (e.g. &atalonia" he ,as3ue&ountry" 1alicia or Andalusia).(Femember how to express comparati#e and superlati#e formsB).

iii$ ecide which of the places compared you like best and whyB ell others in the class.

i@$ Mat8# t#e 8orrespon7in4 #al@es:

a) &atalans are -)shy and reser#ed.

b) he weather in ,ritain 5)constitute most of the Jnited 8ingdom.c) he ,as3ue &ountry 9)&eltic origins. d) he damp ,ritish climate )#ery different from other peoples on the Deninsula.e) ,ritons are %)is #ery mountainous.

f) 1alicia and ,ritain ha#e )hard$working and patriotic. g) 0pain is famous


42/67

71

Clot#es

i$ 0ort the following items of clothing into (a) male" (b) Demale and (c) ot#

skirt /pullo#er/ hat/ trousers/ underpants/ scarf/ panties/ tie/ stockings/ Cacket/ shorts/pyCamas/dungarees/ trainers/ o#eralls/ blouse/ bra/ belt/ suit/ boots/ tee$shirt/ knickers/ cap/ tights/waistcoat/ beret/ high$heeled shoes/ socks/ glo#es/ coat/ nightdress/shoes/swimsuit/ bikini/

bathing costume/ bathing shorts/ swimming trunks/ monokini.

ii$ A88essories+

'ake a list" using the same three headings.

iii$ (a) 2hat is the difference between the #erbs: 56ear5 and 58arr95F (b) Apply them to the following items" as appropriate: glasses/ wallet/ bracelet/ hat/ umbrella/ briefcase/ trousers/ ear$rings/ ring/ purse.

(c) &an you discern a rule

i@$ 2hat are the problems with using the #erb 5#a@e "4ot$ on5 instead of its synonym56ear5

@$ 2hat clothes and colours are now in fashion for men and women iscuss with your partner.

@i$ magine male and female fashion for the year 5???. 2ith your partner" produce somedesigns and written descriptions.

@ii$ 2hat clothes do you associate with: "a$ babies "$ children "8$ teenagers "7$ young adults "e$ middle$aged people"D$ old people

&ompare your ideas with your partner!s.

@iii$ 2hat clothes do members of your family wear 2hich are 9o?r fa#ourite clothesiscuss with your partner.

ix$ Mat8# t#ese 8lot#es 6it# t#e os or proDessions:

a)o#eralls -)armed$forces; police;fire brigade b)lab coat 5)lab technician c)uniform 9)office worker d)suit )hospital staff; psychiatric staffe)white coat %)mechanic

Mone9

i$ 2hat coins and notes are used in ,ritain!s currency (which is a decimal system)


43/67

72

ii$ &ompare prices in your country and ,ritain (or another country). he exchange rate isabout 59% pesetas to one pound sterling (ecember -). $ @ow much does a beer cost in ,ritain A cup of coffee A ticket to go to thecinema

$ Are food and drink cheaper in 0pain $ s the cost of li#ing higher or lower in 0pain (or &atalonia) than in ,ritain

iii$ Dretend your partner is a foreign tourist. Explain 0panish currency to him/her. (+our partner should ask suitable 3uestions).

S#oppin4

i$ W#ere 7o 9o? ?9 t#ese itemsF Mat8# t#em 6it# t#e appropriate s#op+a) A screwdri#er -) *ewsagent!s

b) A bar of chocolate 5) Glorist!s

c) A film 9) Dhotographer!sd) Alcoholic drinks ) 7ff$licencee) A newspaper %) 0hoe shopf) 0oap;medicine;baby food ) &hemist!sg) egetables" fruit


44/67

73

)+ No parti8?lar pattern

be was/were beendo did doneha#e had had

*+ No 8#an4e

cost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hithurt hurt hurtlet let let

put put putset set setshut shut shut

+ One @o6el 8#an4e

feed fed fedfind found foundget got gothang hung hunghold held heldlead led ledlight lit litmeet met metread read /red/ read /red/shine shone shoneshoot shot shotsit sat satslide slid slidstick stuck stuck win won won

.+ T6o @o6el 8#an4es

become became become begin began beguncome came comedrink drank drunk ring rang rungrun ran runsing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swum


45/67

74

%+ C#an4e to


46/67

75

forget forgot forgottenfreeIe froIe froIenhide hid hiddenlie lay lainspeak spoke spoken

steal stole stolentear tore tornwake woke wokenwear wore worn

&+ T6o @o6el 8#an4es an7 parti8iple en7in4 in


47/67

76

5) /$d/: climbed /klaimd/" begged" grabbed" recogniIed" realiIed" listened" installed"remembered" stayed" amaIed" played" pro#ed" bored" disappeared" happened" blamed"

planned" managed" killed" enCoyed" opened" borrowed" called" cleaned" seemed" li#ed"impro#ed.

9) /$id/: pointed" trusted" decided" hunted" distracted" wanted" defended" mended"suspended" suggested" needed" waited" hated" painted" fitted" in#ited" excited" counted" started"lasted" padded" added" afforded.

*ote also the pronunciation of -ied /$id/ and -ered $/

-) -ied : carried" married" hurried" buried" #aried" studied" bullied.5) $ered : remembered" murdered" mattered" hammered" buttered" muttered" murmured"shattered.

he rules for the pronunciation of $(e)s on the plural of nouns and the third person singular present tense of #erbs are similar:

-) Jse /$iI/ after sibilants5) Jse /$s/ after all other un#oiced consonants:9) Jse /$I/ after all #owels" including diphthongs and after all other #oiced

consonants:

D@7*E& 0+',760 G7F @E FA*0&FD7* 7G E*160@

72E60

/i: / e#en" see" sea" f ield" seiIe" machine; k e9" 3ua9" peo ple./ w / shi p" s9mbol" become" horses" tick et" #illage"

pri#ate" #arieties" carr ied" min?te" women, pr etty" lett?ce" England" b?sy.

/e / bed" head" br eath; any" many" hames /temI /" ate /et /./ / man" that" and" Daris" ca b" 0panish; plait./ / are" garden" half" staff" class" after" f ast"

can!t" bath; moustache" dr ama" tomato" #ase; a?nt"

dr a?ght" clerk" example" heart" f ather" memoir / /" barge./ / lot" wash" 3uality" A?stralia; gone" beca?se"

kno6ledge" 1lo?8ester" ya8#t./ / small" f orty" la6n" a?thor" co?rse" coarse" board" s6arm" bo?4#t; br oad"water./ / f ?ll" look" f oot" good; co?ld" wolf" woman" 2or8ester./ / too" to" t6o" who" mo#e" bl?e" >?ne" r o?te" f e?d" new" s?it; bea?ty / /"shoe" canoe" manoe?#re.


48/67

77

/ / m?ch" s?n" son" some" 6ondon" co?ntry; does" blood" flood./ / f ern" h?rsday" third" m9rtle" worth" heard"

Co?rney; colonel" connoisse?r./ / (-) under" father" address" possible" tomato" s? ppose" 0at?rday" furnit?re" author" danger o?s" famo?s" cupboard" 7xf ord"

occasion.

(-) *ote the use of schwa in weak forms like the" at" to" of" for" from" as" than" but" and" them.

D@@7*10

/ / pla9" waiter" weigh" gr eat" ba by" plate" bass; ga?ge./ / only" Doland" r oad" kno6" tho?4#; br ooch" se6" bur ea?.

/ / tr 9" side" ice" pie" tr ied" cr ies" hei4#t; b?9" e9e" choir./ / co6" co?nt" ho?r" 'ac6eod./ / emplo9" boil" #oice" noise./ / deer" dear" hear" here" weird" pierce" idea./ / chair" there" their" care" pr a9er; scarce"

aeroplane./ / moor" poor" sec?re+

&7*07*A*0

/ / pay" people" help; shep#erd" hiccou4#" hiccup.

/ / ay" husand" clu./ / tooth" better" sit" like7; T#ames" t#yme./ / 7o" Gri7ay" sa7./ / G i8G " 8at" ba8G " Jueen; 8#emist" 8#aracter" C#ristmas./ / 4old" ba4" 4irl" do4" e44./ / D ine" saD e" p#oto" p#ysics" nep#ew" lau4#; lie?tenant / /./ / @oice" ne@er" sa@e" oD " nep#ew./ / t#ank" not#ing" aut#or" met#od" bat#" twentiet#./ / t#at" t#en" weat#er" wit#" bat#e.

/ / sit" think s" mass" missing" pla8e" 8igarette./ / oo" diy" fiy" has" comes" kni#es" noise" resist./ / s#eep" fis#" Der sia" an8ient" o8ean" cons8ious" nation; mousta8#e" ma8#ine" 8#andelier" 8#aperon./ / leisure" measure" occasion" usual" seiure;

rou4e" gara4e (some speakers)./ / 8#eap" Fi8#ard" ea8#" cat8#" fet8#" furniture"

3uestion./ / u74e" a4e" reli4ion" gara4e" bri74e; sol7ier" 1reenwi8#" sandwi8#.


49/67

78

/ / #is" #appy" be#ind" 6#o" 6#ole./ / make" ham" hammer" autumn" clim" com./ / near" send" dinner" can" pneumatic" pneumonia./ / thin4" English" sin4er" ink./ / room" around" #ery" current" far away.

/ / little" miller" while" full" greatly./ / 6alk" 6ill" 6hen" a6ay./ / 9et" 9acht" 9ear" 9ou" 9oung.

-. 2here a second phonetic symbol is gi#en" this is the one which is used in all modern dictionaries and manuals ofEnglish Dhonetics and Dhonology.

&lassification of English consonants according to #oice:Jn#oiced consonants: / /

oiced consonants: / /

LEVEL * !ICTATIONS

)+ 7ne of the best language schools know/ is the one Cust down the road/ from where li#e. /t used to ha#e a big sign outside/ but nowadays/ they ha#e taken it down/ and replaced itwith a painted notice/ o#er the door./ ts prices were modest/ and its teachers werehardworking./ 0omehow" students there/ always got good results./ hey went back to theircountries/ speaking much better English/ than when they first came.

*+ 1etting around ,arcelona in a rush hour/ is a real problem./ bought a car six years ago"/ but still try to a#oid/ the city centre at busy times./ t is incredible/ how bad$tempered people get"/ if they ha#e to wait/ for a few moments in their cars./ ri#ers sound their horns/

or shout or e#en scream./ Cust do not know why/ they get so excited. /t is much better/ totake things easy/ and dri#e in the country.

+ 2hen she first arri#ed at uni#ersity"/ she was really terrified./ 0he was among"/ so theysaid"/ the best scholars in the country./ And now she had to try/ to be better than all the restB/Gor the first few weeks"/ she made friends/ and got used to/ the idea of li#ing away fromhome./ And suddenly she realised/ there was nothing to worry about./ E#erybody there was

Cust/ trying to ha#e a good time/ and do well in their studies.

E/AMINATIONS


50/67

79

.+ 'y first Cob was with a bank./ ,ut it was not as boring as / you may think./ worked inreception / dri#ing people!s cars to the car park/ and then bringing them back"/ when they had

finished with their business./ met a lot of interesting people/ in that Cob/ and shall alwaysremember the handicapped man/ who offered to find me/ a permanent Cob in the bank./ @ethought more about/ other people!s troubles than his own.

%+ @e was born in England/ and his hometown was a place/ between 6ondon and the coast./+ou would not recognise the name./ @e spent the first/ ten years of his life there./ t was adelightful little town"/ full of character and tradition./ he shops which lined the streets/ weresmall and interesting./ here was not a single/ supermarket to be seen./ And the people there/had time to stop and talk"/ something we do not seem to ha#e nowadays.

'+ he news on the radio/ and on the tele#ision recently/ has been so bad/ that ha#e stoppedlistening to it./ *othing but problems e#erywhere./ switch on the radio/ and somebodysomewhere has had an accident./ turn on the tele#ision/ and on the screen/ there are scenesof the latest battle/ in some conflict or other./ t Cust does not make sense to me/ that peopleshould only report bad news./ 2hy cannot programmes/ begin with happier e#ents"/ beforeturning to such disagreeable things

+ 0pain has a better climate than ,ritain./ hat!s what they say./ ,ut some parts of south$west,ritain/ are sunnier than you think./ +ou can lie on the beach/ and get a tan"/ as if you were onthe &ontinent./ ,ut for me"/ prefer 0pain./ he sun there shines longer/ and the weather is

better/ than anywhere in ,ritain./ A sunny day there/ is not a matter of surprise/ or a topic ofcon#ersation/ for days to comeB

;+ n my free time"/ used to do a lot of things"/ especially play ball games./ he best thing to

do"/ if you ha#e some spare time"/ is to get outside in the fresh air/ and be acti#eB/ hat iswhat think./ he trouble is nobody seems/ to ha#e much free time nowadays./ hat includesme"/ so cannot follow my own ad#ice./ 0till" it is better to try/ and make good use of one!stime./ Derhaps will go Cogging/ one of these daysB


51/67

80

LISTENIN1 COMPREHENSION =2ESTIONS

+ou are going to hear a short talk about @E ,F0@ EJ&A7*A6 0+0E'. Answerthe 3uestions below. +ou will hear the talk twice. 'arks

-. @ow long is the period of compulsory education in ,ritain (-)

5. 2hat percentage of children attend state schools (-)

9. 2hat problem is there with respect to the education of #ery young children

(-)

. 2hat happens at the age of -- (-)

%. 2hat is the teacher!s opinion of the new examinations at


52/67


53/67

82

@..: All right. 0ee you then.

.'.: 0ee you tomorrow.

(otal: -? 'arks)

Open !ialo4?e *

Fead the following dialogue. &omplete the speakers! sentences in the gaps pro#ided.

Alan and ,renda meet at ,arcelona airport. ,renda has Cust arri#ed from 6ondon.


54/67

83

A. @ello" ,renda. 1ood to see you. id you ha#e a good flight

,. 2ell" not too bad $ but as you can see the plane was ? minutes late. 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

A. Gor about % minutes" suppose. 4444444444444444444444444to catch the o!clock flight

,. 2ell" woke up at %"9? and got up fi#e minutes later.

A. +ou must be tired. 4444444444444444444444444444444444444before we go to the office

,. A cup of coffee +es" please.

A. 7.8. 6et!s go. 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

,. >ust one case and this bag.

A. 7.8. 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 in my new car before we ha#e thatcoffee.

,. A new car 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

A. !#e had it for three weeks now. (6AEF * @E ,AF)

A. +ou know ,arcelona 3uite well" don!t you 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

,. think !#e been here six or se#en times. 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

A. 0ince your last #isit 2ell" a new shopping centre has opened. Derhaps we could #isit it. 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

,. 7n uesday afternoon. 'y flight lea#es at p.m. 4444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

A. 2ell" it!s #ery big" with about -%? shops" including a branch of 'arks and 0pencerB (otal:-? marks)

CLOES

Cloe )

Dut one appropriate word in the gaps pro#ided. (&ontractions like didn!t count as one word).


55/67

84

uring the 0econd 2orld 2ar 4444444444(-) was difficult to tra#el 44444444(5) plane"

because the seats 44444444(9) needed for important go#ernment 44444444() military people.

'r. ,rown worked for the go#ernment 44444444(%) the war. @e was a ci#ilian" and he was

44444444() #ery secret work" 44444444(


56/67

85

4444444444 (%) my parents won!t 4444444444 () me come and see you. hey say am much

44444444444 (ar#is stood on top of a high hill in the west of 0cotland and looked out across the sea. hesun was setting and the sea was blood red. All round him were the wild" dark mountains of the@ighlands. here was not a house to be seen" except far below him the big house of 8iltanwhere his uncle li#ed.n the east he could see the silky waters of a large lake. A ri#er dropped from the lake to the sea"cutting its way between two great walls of rock. A fisherman" standing deep in the water was


57/67

86

fighting with a great sil#er fish that he #a7 ?st 8a?4#t. here was not a lo#elier #iew in0cotland.,ut 'att >ar#is was not thinking of the #iew. @e had not come to 8iltan to enCoy its beauties. @ehad come because his uncle" Alec 'acdonald" was rich and #ery old. @e had come because hehoped and expected that soon" #ery soon" he 'att >ar#is" would become the owner of 8iltan. 7f

course" 'att did not intend to li#e in 8iltan when his uncle died. @e intended to sell the placeand ne#er go near it again.'att was 6ondoner. @e lo#ed bright lights and good food and drink. @e hated the wild" emptymountains of the @ighlands. @e hated the rain which ne#er seemed to stop. And he hated the

black stone walls of the great empty house. 'ost of the rooms remained locked. 'att belie#edthat they were full of #aluable chairs and tables and pictures. ,ut he had ne#er been allowed toenter t#em.'att disliked the @ighlanders. @e regarded them as foreigners" though he met #ery few of them.he nearest town was twenty miles away. Jncle Alec li#ed alone with two ser#ants" a man andhis wife" and nobody e#er #isited him except the doctor. he doctor came to 8iltan twice aweek. @e was a big red$haired @ighlander who always said what he thought.

!+ou!e #ery interested in your uncle!s health" >ar#is"! he said one day. !+ou!re waiting for him todie" aren!t you! 0o?@e no ri4#t to talk like thatB! cried 'att angrily. he doctor looked him straight in the eyes. !his is the fifth summer that you!#e spent at 8iltan"! he said. !+ou don!t like the @ighlands" or the @ighlanders" that!s 3uite clear. ell me" what are you going to do with 8iltan when it

belongs to you! ! ne#er consider my uncle!s death"! replied 'att. @is face was red. ! come here each year tomake the last years of his life as pleasent as possible.! !2ell then" you may ha#e to wait a long time"! said the doctor. !+our uncle is eighty$fi#e" buthe has great will$power. @e!ll probably go on li#ing until he!s a hundred.! he doctor smiled when he saw the look on 'att!s face. !+ou!re surprisedB! he said. !,ut you!#e forgotten >anie. +our uncle will try not to die before>anie dies. And >anie" am told" is young and in excellent health.!>anie was a donkey" a little donkey that had once belonged to Ann" Jncle Alec!s sister. Alec andAnn 'acdonald had li#ed together at 8iltan e#er since their mother had died. hey lo#edanimals. hey kept horses and dogs. hey used to ride together across the mountains. hey usedto shoot and fish together. hey had #ery few friends" because they did not need them. heywere friends" because they did not need them. hey were perfectly happy.

Answer the following 3uestions about the text.

-. 2hy had 'att come to 8iltan

5. 2hat did 'att want to do with 8iltan house


58/67

87

9. 2hy didn!t 'att like the @ighlands

. 2hat prediction did the doctor make about Alec!s life

%. 2hat did Alec and his sister do while they were li#ing at 8iltan together

. 2hy isn!t Alec going to die #ery soon

4444444444444444444444444444444


59/67

88

0eltsin str?44les to enter pala8e

F7'E $ Fussian Dresident ,oris +eltsin!s state #isit to taly started badly when his black limousine had problems dri#ing into Dresident 7scar 6uigi 0calfaro!s ]uirinale palace. 2hile an

embarrassed 0calfaro watched " +eltsin!s chauffeur had to manoeu#re back and forth to dri#e thelong limousine into an area which was designed for horsedrawn carriages. +eltsin was alreadynearly -? minutes late for the first appointment of #is three$day #isit. t took se#eral minutesmore for the limousine and the presidential motorcade of more than 5? cars to dri#e through thenarrow road which leads to the palace. A smiling +eltsin finally got out of the car to hear theFussian and talian anthems before walking into the palace to talk to 0calfaro. he ]uirinale" alarge palace on one of the se#en hills of Fome" was designed as a summer residence for the

popes.

Extreme 6eat#er #ol7s ?p s?pplies oD loo7

2A0@*17* $ Extreme weather in the Jnited 0tates has had a drastic effect on supplies of blood" which has made some doctors in southern &alifornia postpone operations" America!s,lood &entres said on Griday. Almost half the organiIation!s


60/67

89

5. 2hat did +eltsin go to the ]uirinale palace for

9. 2hat does the word #is refer to

Extreme 6eat#er #ol7s ?p s?pplies oD loo7

-. 'ention one of the effects of this year!s blood shortage.

5. 2hy is there normally less blood in the winter

9. 2hat has made things worse this winter

COMPOSITIONS

2rite a composition of between )%( and *(( words on one of the following subCects.

)+InDormal letter

i$ 2rite a letter to an English friend you met here earlier and in#ite him/her to #isit you in 0painthis summer. 0uggest places you could see and things you could do together. 1i#e your friendad#ice about what clothes and how much money to bring.

ii$ An English friend of yours works in a Cob$finding agency and has offered to help you findwork this summer for about three months. 2rite and tell him/her about the kind of Cobs you arelooking for. 1i#e information about your rele#ant work experience and ask about such things asthe salary" hours of work and possible food and accommodation.

iii$ An English uni#ersity friend of yours is undecided about what to do in the next year of his or her degree course: study abroad (on an Erasmus course or similar) at a European uni#ersity for three" six or e#en the whole nine months of the academic year; or stay on at the same uni#ersitywith his or her group of friends. 2rite and gi#e ad#ice.


61/67

90

i@$ +our friend has a problem. @e or she wants to learn a foreign language but is not sure aboutthe best way to do so. 2rite to him/her gi#ing ad#ice about the best learning methods" notforgetting to include your own experience.

*+!is8?rsi@e

i$ 2hat are the ad#antages and disad#antages of going to uni#ersity to study for a degree

ii$ 2hat are the ad#antages and disad#antages of being famous

iii$ 2hat are the ad#antages and disad#antages of li#ing in a city

i@$ 2hat are the ad#antages and disad#antages of li#ing away from home in your own flat or house

+Narrati@e

i$ +ou ha#e Cust come home from a #ery exciting trip to a strange country. 2hat happened

ii$ +ou ha#e had a terrible day at the shops. 2hat happened

iii$ +our English penfriend has Cust left after spending a week at your home. here were goodand bad experiences and some comical (and e#en disastrous) misunderstandingsB 2hathappened

i@$ 2hen you were a child" you had a frightening experience in a place that you thought washaunted by ghosts. +ou still remember the experience. 2hat happened


62/67

91

EN1LISH REA!ER =2ESTIONNAIRE

IRST =2ESTIONNAIRE

*ame: &lass: ate:

-. ,ook title: Author: 6e#el: Dublisher:

5. 6iterary genre:

9. *umber of pages: *umber of chapters:

. 1i#e the name of the main character and describe him/her briefly (%? words)

%. 0ummariIe the plot (-?? words).

. 2hy did you choose to read this book


63/67

92

@as the book matched your expectations f not" why not


64/67

93

%. 2hat change would you make to impro#e this story

. 2rite down the opening lines of the story.


65/67

94

. escribe" physically" the character that interested you most in the story (%? words).


66/67

95

EN1LISH REA!ER =2ESTIONNAIRE

O2RTH =2ESTIONNAIRE

*ame: &lass: ate:

-. ,ook title: Author: 6e#el: Dublisher:

5. 0ummariIe the plot (-?? words).

9. ,riefly describe the most exciting episode (%? words).

. &ompare this book with the pre#ious three read and state your preferences" with reasons why.

-. itle: Author: 1enre: 2hy

5. itle: Author: 1enre: 2hy

9. itle: Author: 1enre: 2hy

. itle: Author: 1enre: 2hy

%. escribe what you ha#e been doing to make the most" for your English studies" out of readingthe abo#e four books.


67/67

Documents

Place Preposition(on,In,At)