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Pages: 16 Questions: 5 ©Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

SPORT SCIENCE

Senior Secondary

Subject Code: SPT315113

External Assessment

2014

Part 1

Time: approximately 60 minutes

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide results on each of the following criteria taken from the course statement: Criterion 1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the physiological

aspects of exercise. Criterion 4 Analyse and interpret sport science related data and information. Criterion 5 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of interrelationships

between exercise physiology, skill acquisition and sport psychology.

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Sport Science – Part 1

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CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS You MUST make sure that your responses to the questions in this examination paper will show your achievement in the criteria being assessed. Answer ALL questions. Answers must be written in the spaces provided on the examination paper. This examination is 3 hours in length. It is recommended that you spend a total of 60 minutes on this part. All questions have been given a mark allocation. All written responses must be in English.


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Question 1 This question assesses Criterion 1. Cross Fit has become a favoured training method with fitness enthusiasts. This unique program is based on performing exercises of high intensity and short duration, thus reducing the length of time of each training session. The exercises in the work-out aim to improve aerobic capacity, muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility. (a) Define one other training method that could be used to develop muscular strength. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Identify, and provide two characteristics of, the type of muscle fibre that is most beneficial for

explosive high intensity exercise. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Typically a Cross Fit work-out includes a warm-up, skill development, a high intensity component

and cool down. Use your knowledge of a training session to explain the purpose of one of these components of a typical Cross Fit work-out. (2 marks)

................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

Question 1 continues.


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Question 1 (continued) (d) Identify two training principles other than intensity and duration and explain how each is used in

the planning of a Cross Fit work-out. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Explain arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) by indicating why people involved in a Cross

Fit work-out experience an increase in a-vO2 diff in response to exercise. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 1 (continued) (f) Explain the chronic adaptations of high-intensity Cross Fit training on heart rate, stroke volume and

cardiac output, when at rest. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 2 This question assesses Criterion 1. For optimal performance athletes need to be physically fit, have adequate nutrition and recover quickly after training and competition. How younger and older athletes approach these can sometimes differ. (a) What is overtraining? How does this effect athletes, older or younger? (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Athletes of any age need to maintain a balanced diet high in carbohydrates. How are carbohydrates

stored in the body? (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Discuss the dietary requirements of athletes who participate in aerobic activities. Refer to the

post-exercise consumption of both food and fluid. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (d) Explain the term maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and suggest why older athletes should

aim to have a high VO2 max. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 2 (continued) (e) Focusing on younger athletes, describe the three phases of a training year and indicate why all

these components are necessary in a training program. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (f) Explain three techniques other than a cool down that can assist athletes to recover post-training. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 3 This question assesses Criterion 1. A ‘Mud Run’ event is a cross-country obstacle course over an extended distance. The participants have to trail-run but also have to jump, leap, climb, crawl or wade over or through man-made and natural mud-infused obstacles set at intervals. (a) Identify two of the acute muscular responses to exercise experienced by a participant in the early

stages of a Mud Run event. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Would participants reach a ‘steady state’ during a Mud Run event? Justify your answer. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) What is oxygen deficit? How does this affect a participant’s energy production in the early stages of

a Mud Run event? (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (d) What is plyometric training? Explain how this could assist a participant in a Mud Run event. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 3 (continued) (e) Describe the contributions of the three energy systems of a participant who is attempting to climb

the final obstacle of a Mud Run event, a rope ladder which is five metres high. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (f) Explain the energy production process of the energy system that is utilised most when participants

are completing the long trail-running sections of a Mud Run event. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 4 This question assesses Criterion 4. All answers to this question must make reference to the information that follows. Fluid replacement is of particular concern for athletes and coaches. Athletes who participate in sports for prolonged periods must maintain their fluid intake or their performance may decrease. The three graphs below represent the results for one athlete who completed moderate exercise for 120 minutes and was tested at 20-minute intervals. The athlete completed the exercise twice (on different days), at the same intensity, but consumed fluid prior to and continually throughout only one training session.


Graph 1 – Heart Rate (HR) throughout a Training Session, with and without Fluid Replacement

Graph 2 – Stroke Volume (SV) throughout a Training Session, with and without Fluid Replacement

Fluid Replacement No Fluid Replacement


130

135

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155

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165

20 40 60 80 100 120

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155

20 40 60 80 100 120

HR (bpm)

SV (mL)

Time (min)

Time (min)


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Question 4 (continued) (a) By completing the table, identify the Heart Rates (HR) and Cardiac Outputs (Q) at 60 minutes. (1 mark)

(b) Identify the point of time where the athlete’s Cardiac Output (Q) was the same regardless of whether or not fluid was replaced. (1 mark)

................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) How, in general, does consuming fluid or not consuming fluid during activity affect Heart Rate

(HR)? Explain with reference to the results. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


Graph 3 – Cardiac Output (Q) throughout a Training Session, with and without Fluid Replacement

Heart Rate (HR) Cardiac Output (Q)

Fluid Replacement

No Fluid Replacement


18

20

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24

20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (min)

Q (L/min)


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Question 4 (continued) (d) Identify when not taking fluid starts to significantly affect Heart Rate (HR). Explain with reference

to the results. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(e) What are the benefits of fluid replacement to Cardiac Output (Q) as measured at 20 minutes and

100 minutes of activity? (2 marks) 20 minutes ............................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ 100 minutes .......................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(f) When the athlete was consuming fluid during the training session, did the Stroke Volume (SV)

increase or decrease? Discuss with reference to the results. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 4 (continued) (g) Compare the differences in the graphs for Stroke Volume (SV) with and without fluid replacement.

How do these differences affect Cardio Output (Q) and why? (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 5 This question assesses Criterion 5. Tasmanian James Faulkner began 2014 playing as a member of the Australian One-day International Cricket Team after just missing out on selection in the Test side. He enjoyed success, picking up Man-of-the-Match Awards for his efforts in two games. Subsequently, James suffered an injury to his knee that required surgery and he was not eligible for selection in the Australian Cricket Team to tour South Africa. It was essential that James remained positive about his cricketing future whilst his knee was undergoing rehabilitation. Discuss two interrelationships between Exercise Physiology and Sport Psychology that could contribute to James remaining positive through his injury rehabilitation. (12 marks) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 5 (continued) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................


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This question paper and any materials associated with this examination (including answer booklets, cover sheets, rough note paper, or information sheets) remain the property of the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.



SPORT SCIENCE

Senior Secondary


External Assessment

2014

Part 2


On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide results on each of the following criteria taken from the course statement: Criterion 2 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of skill

acquisition. Criterion 4 Analyse and interpret sport science related data and information. Criterion 5 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of interrelationships


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Question 6 This question assesses Criterion 2. The major goal of a coach is to enable athletes to achieve higher levels of performance than they may not have reached if left to their own endeavours. To achieve this aim it is essential that the coach acknowledges the talent, previous experience and developmental stage of each athlete. The coach should encourage and provide positive and informative feedback at all times. (a) A coach’s quality of instruction can improve the performance of an athlete. Identify four other

factors that can affect skill acquisition. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Observation and analysis form an integral part of a coach’s role. Outline how a coach can use this

information to improve movement patterns. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Explain an information processing model and explain why a coach should have an understanding of

such a model. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 6 (continued) (d) Explain knowledge of results with reference to a coach providing feedback to an athlete. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Discuss the importance of a coach encouraging an athlete to anticipate in competition, by referring

to anticipation, practice and choice reaction time. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 6 (continued) (f) Describe the concept of long-term memory and how a coach benefits from being familiar with this

concept. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 7 This question assesses Criterion 2. A physical education teacher in a primary school plays an important role in the development of motor skills of children. To increase the children’s skill level, the teacher must find a balance between active play and practice, use modified rules to increase engagement and provide the right type of feedback. (a) Define the type of feedback that should be given to children as they are attempting a new skill. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) What does the teacher need to know about ‘overloading’ when giving instructions to children? (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Examine the concept of part practice and how this applies to teaching children. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (d) When teaching motor skills to children, the teacher should acknowledge the various senses. Clarify

the importance of two of the senses to processing information. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 7 (continued) (e) By referring to the stages of learning, explain how a teacher can help a child progress from the

cognitive stage of learning to the associative stage of learning. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (f) Explain the concept of signal detection and suggest two ways that the teacher could assist a child to

improve his/her signal detection. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

`


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Question 8 This question assesses Criterion 2. Coordination is an essential element of an athlete’s performance as it relies upon timing, body control, reaction time and balance. Hand-eye coordination can be defined as the ability of the athlete’s arms and hands to respond to a visual stimulus. For example, catching a football, throwing a dart at a dartboard or hitting a softball with a bat all require hand-eye coordination. (a) Hand-eye coordination relies on the performer’s ability to attend to relevant cues. Outline the

concept that assists the performer to attend to relevant cues. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Contrast the difference between fine motor skills and gross motor skills, which can both require

hand-eye coordination. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Explain the concept of schema. How can schema affect an athlete’s hand-eye coordination? (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 8 (continued) (d) Describe how centre of gravity and base of support can assist an athlete who is trying to perform

one of the examples in the opening paragraph. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Discuss the relationship between subroutines and motor programs and explain how these affect an

athlete’s hand-eye coordination. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 8 (continued) (f) Describe the concepts of reaction time, movement time and response time by considering an athlete

who has well developed hand-eye coordination. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 9 This question assesses Criterion 4. All answers to this question must make reference to the information that follows. For golfers to select the right club for each shot, they must have a thorough understanding of the trajectory of the golf ball, the distance at which it will land and any roll-on effects. Each golf club has a face with a different angle and this affects the angle of release of the ball when it is hit with the club. The graph below gives the typical projectile motion curves of a ball hit by four different golf clubs.

(a) If one of the four clubs is a driver used mainly for long-distance hitting, which club would be the

driver? Explain with reference to the results. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Rank the clubs according to the finishing distance the ball travels, from longest to shortest. Provide

the distances to support your answer. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Height (m)

Distance (m)

Golf Club Choice: Distance and Height

Club 1 Club 2 Club 3 Club 4


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Question 9 (continued) (c) Given that a shot to the green is 100 metres, which club should be selected to get as close to the pin

as possible? Explain with reference to the results. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Suppose a golfer wants to clear a bunker that starts 110 metres from the golfer and extends for

20 metres. Which club(s) can clear this overall distance? Explain with reference to the results. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Which club imparts enough spin to stop the ball rolling once it lands on the ground? Explain with

reference to the results. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(f) What golf club should a golfer select if trying to get a ‘hole in one’ on a hole 140 metres from the

tee? Explain with reference to the results. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 9 (continued) (g) A golfer is planning a shot towards a green 120 metres away but finds a large tree to be an imposing

obstacle in the way. The height of the tree is 20 metres and the tree is 50 metres away from the golfer. Which club(s) would allow the ball to reach the green? Explain with reference to the results. (4 marks)

................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 10 This question assesses Criterion 5. Jana Pittman, two-time World Champion in the 400 metre hurdles, was the first Australian woman to compete at both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. After retiring from hurdles in 2012, Jana tried boxing and rowing and competed in the Olympic Bobsled. In 2014, Jana has recommenced track training for the 400 metre hurdles after an absence of over two years. She aims to reduce her muscle mass and refine her hurdling skills so that she can compete at the 2016 Olympics. Discuss two interrelationships between Exercise Physiology and Skill Acquisition that would assist Jana’s return to training for the 400 metre hurdles. (12 marks) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................



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SPORT SCIENCE

Senior Secondary


External Assessment

2014

Part 3


On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide results on each of the following criteria taken from the course statement: Criterion 3 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of psychological factors

which influence athletic performance. Criterion 4 Analyse and interpret sport science related data and information. Criterion 5 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of interrelationships


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Question 11 This question assesses Criterion 3. The position of team Captain is generally given to the athlete who is respected by their team-mates and can lead the team in the right direction. Captains are expected to perform well in pressure situations and lead by example at trainings and during competition. They must also be approachable, listen and provide individual attention to all team members. (a) A player’s self-confidence can increase when the player is selected as a Captain of a team. Provide

a definition of self-confidence. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Outline two things a Captain could suggest to a team-mate if the team-mate appears to be

underaroused. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Captains normally perform well in pressure situations as they have many coping strategies. Discuss

the importance of coping strategies to an athlete’s performance and the Captain’s role in this whilst in a game. (2 marks)

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Question 11 (continued) (d) Describe the type of attention that a Captain would need when directing play whilst participating in

a game. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Explain the use of competition strategies and the Captain’s role in reinforcing these during a game

situation. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 11 (continued) (f) All athletes, including the Captain, can benefit from using mental rehearsal. Outline three of the

guidelines to improve the effectiveness of mental rehearsal. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 12 This question assesses Criterion 3. Music has the power to change moods, inspire and motivate as well as to block out noise and distractions. Research has indicated that well-chosen music played at the right time can increase an athlete’s performance and recovery. (a) Music can be an extrinsic motivator. Provide a definition of extrinsic motivation. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) By blocking out distractions, an athlete can concentrate on training or performance. Clarify whether

blocking out distractions narrows or broadens the width of an athlete’s attention. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Music can be used as a pre-competition strategy to allow an athlete to focus. Define pre-competition

strategies and suggest why these are used to improve performance. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 12 (continued) (d) Explain the concept of state anxiety and indicate how music can assist an athlete’s anxiety levels. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Outline what could happen to an overaroused athlete if they listened to loud, stimulating and high

tempo music. Explain with reference to the ‘Inverted U Hypothesis’ and the ‘Catastrophe Theory’. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 12 (continued) (f) Goal setting can inspire and motivate athletes, as well as help control their anxiety levels. Explain

three other benefits of goal setting. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 13 This question assesses Criterion 3. An athlete who has been selected in a representative team has been repeatedly performing below his/her usual standard. The athlete has begun to withdraw from the team, is not coping with the requirements of training or competition and is avoiding discussions about his/her performance with the coach. (a) How can positive self-talk assist the athlete described above? (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Outline the concept of ‘choking’ with reference to this athlete. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Explain what is happening to this athlete’s motivation by referring to ‘Amotivation’. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Without some changes being made and some new goals being set, it is likely that this athlete’s

performance will continue to decrease. Describe how short-term and long-term goals could assist this athlete to make some positive changes. (2 marks)

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Question 13 (continued) (e) Explain three strategies that can be used to improve the athlete’s ability to ‘cope with pain’. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (f) Why is it important that this athlete participates in a debriefing session after training or

competition? Outline two of the guidelines for debriefing. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 14 This question assesses Criterion 4. All answers to this question must make reference to the information that follows. Motivation for sport and activity is dependent on many variables, such as whether the athlete is: an elite sportsperson or a recreational participant; male or female; a child or adult. Four athletes were asked to rank the motivators below from 1 to 10, 1 being the one the athlete is most motivated by and 10 being the one that motivates the athlete the least to continue to participate in their chosen sport.

Motivator Athlete A

Athlete B

Athlete C

Athlete D

1. To be prepared for competition 7 9 8 4 2. To maintain healthy weight 8 6 3 8 3. To improve and learn new skills 2 4 7 2 4. To reduce stress 9 8 4 9 5. To push personal boundaries 10 2 9 5 6. To experience challenge and achievement 3 1 5 6 7. To be recognised or rewarded 4 10 10 1 8. To improve physical fitness 5 3 1 7 9. To have fun with friends 1 7 6 10 10. To achieve goals 6 5 2 3

(a) Identify which of the motivators in the list above are extrinsic. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (b) What were the top two motivators for Athlete B? Use figures from the table to support your answer. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (c) Rank the bottom three motivators for Athlete C, starting with the one that least motivates Athlete

C to continue to participate in sport. Use figures from the table to support your answer. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................



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Question 14 (continued) (d) Identify whether or not any athlete ranked ‘To reduce stress’ as one of their top three motivators.

Use figures from the table to support your answer. (1 mark) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ (e) By referring to the highest and lowest ranking motivators, determine who is more likely to be a

child: Athlete A or Athlete D? Use figures from the table to support your answer. (2 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Mountain bike riders often push their limits and are highly motivated by the thrill that comes with

every new course. Which of the four athletes would most likely be a Mountain Bike Rider? Use figures from the table to support your answer. (3 marks)

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Question 14 (continued) (g) Discuss the similarities and differences in what motivates Athlete A and Athlete B to continue to

participate. Use figures from the table to support your answer. (3 marks) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................


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Question 15 This question assesses Criterion 5. Earlier this year Australian golfer Adam Scott was ranked number two in the world and had a chance of winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational Event and claiming golf’s World Number One ranking. Going into the final day, Adam had a seven-shot lead but he shot a very disappointing four-over-par and finished third. This could well have been a severe blow to Adam’s self-confidence and focus for subsequent events. Discuss the interplay between Sport Psychology and Skill Acquisition that could have assisted Adam to regain any self-confidence that he might have lost after a disappointing third place finish. Provide two interrelationships to support your answer. (12 marks) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................



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PLACE LABEL HERE TY - Department of Education...intensity, but consumed fluid prior to and continually throughout only one training session. 165 No Fluid Question 4 continues. Graph