PKSS Community Survey – Analysis and Conclusions

Sep 11th, 2009

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Detail Family Profile

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With the exception of PK2, over 80% of the households in each PK school community responded to the survey

Number of house holds who responded to the survey by community

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PK-1, 3, 5 and 8 are predominantly Punjabi communities while PK-2, 4, 6 and 7 are predominantly Pathan communities

Native language by community

Punjabi Pathan Punjabi Pathan Punjabi Pathan Pathan PunjabiPredominantly

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The percentage of households with a single or no parents exhibits significant variation across the various communities

% of 0 or 1 parent homes by community Key Findings

Pk-8 has the highest percentage of households with one or zero parents present. This amounts to 1 in 4 HH’s

PK-2, PK-5 & PK-3 have an almost zero percentage of HH with single or no parents

Total # of incomes per household 1 Key Findings

PK-3 has the highest percentage of HHs with 2 incomes. This would result in a higher incentive for parents to send their children to school

PK-1 has a significant proportion of HHs with no incomes. This implies a disincentive for children to enroll in school as they would be pressurized to work

PK-2, 4, 6 & 7 have an overwhelming majority of HHs with a single income. This is a function of these communities being predominantly Pathan

1. The total # of incomes per HH here are those of parents and do not include the income earned by their children. 2 indicates both parents work, 1 indicates that a single parent works and 0 indicates neither parent works

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The eight communities exhibit somewhat similar occupational distributions for male head of households but the unemployment rate varies by community

Overall male head of HH occupational distribution Key Findings

% male head of HH unemployed by community Key Findings

Labour is the occupation for the majority of male head of households across all the school communities

An average of 6% of unemployment was seen across all communities amongst male members

Less than 8% of these people are in jobs that require literacy

The % unemployment figure for male members varies significantly across communities

PK-7 and PK-1 have the highest male unemployment rates

PK-3 has a zero male unemployment rate

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Labour is the occupation of the majority of the males in all the communities

Male head of HHs occupation by community

Key Findings

Labour represents the Close to 60% of employment (up to 93% for PK-3) amongst males with the exception of PK-2, PK-4 & PK-8 where it is approximately 40%

Only PK-2 has members employed in government service (16%)

PK-4 has a substantial male population (18%) whose primary source of earning is a weekly bazaar

PK-6 & PK-8 are the only communities where scrap dealing occurs

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The vast majority of female head of households in four of the eight communities have no source of income

Overall female head of HH occupational distribution Key Findings

% female head of HH unemployed by community Key Findings

Overall, 67% of all female head of HH (mothers) are housewives without any source of income. This number varies significantly across the communities

The majority of those employed work as domestic help

PK-2, 4, 6 and 7 have less than 10% of women head of HH who earn some sort of income. This correlates with the fact that these are predominantly Pathan communities

The lowest female unemployment rate was observed in PK-3 and PK-5. The four communities with the lowest unemployment rate are predominantly Punjabi communities

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The communities of PK-1, PK-3, PK-5 & PK-8 are more tolerant towards the concept of women working outside of their homes

Female head of HHs occupation by community

Key Findings

PK-1,3,5 and to a lesser extent PK-8, have a significant percentage of women who are employed as domestic help

PK-2,4,6 & 7 have 90% or greater percentage of women who earn no income

There is a very small percentage of women who earn income through stitching and other activities. There may be an opportunity to provide these women (especially those in PK-2,4,6 & 7) with vocational training to enable them to supplement their HH income

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All eight communities have a majority that have resided there for more than 3 years. PK-1 and 8 are the fastest growing communities, yet also have the lowest retention

Current length of stay by community

Key Findings

PK-2 & 7 have the highest proportion of families settled in the community for a period greater than 3 years

PK-5 is the “youngest” community on average

If the “<1 yr” percentage is approximated as the growth rate of the community, PK-1 and 8 are the fastest growing communities followed by PK-5 and 3. PK-2, 4, 6 and 7 experience low growth. Note that 2,4,6 & 7 are the Pathan communities with a significant proportion of residents who immigrated from Afghanistan which explains the low growth.

PK-1, 4 & 8 are communities that have either experienced a surge in inflow in the past year or have the least retention for incoming families. This is evidenced by their “<1 yr” & “1-3 yrs” percentages being equal or similar

PK-5 appears to be a stable community with high retention as evidenced by its well proportioned distribution

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PK-3 & 5 have the least number of residents per household. PK-3 has the least variation in the number of residents per household. PK-2 & 7 have a female majority

Average HH size and variation by community 1

Median HH 8 8 6 7 6 8 8 7

Middle 50% 5 to 10 6 to 9 5 to 7.5 6 to 10 4 to 8 5 to 10 5 to 10 5 to 8

Middle 80% 5 to 13 5 to 10 5 to 8.5 5 to 11 4 to 9 4 to 12 4 to 13 4 to 10

1. Black marks represent Min and Max, Blue marks indicate 10 th & 90th percentile, the Box represents the 25th and 75th percentile and the red mark represents the median

Male : Female 52:48 49:51 51:49 51:49 51:49 52:48 49:51 51:49

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PK-8 followed by PK-7, 6 and 2 have the highest percentage of School Aged Children (SAC) while PK-1 has the smallest percentage

Age profile by community

Key Findings

With the exception of PK-1, 3 & 5, SAC represent the highest percentage of the population in each community

While a high percentage of SAC suggests growth opportunity in a community, it also puts added economic pressure on these children to work

A total of 46% of SAC in these communities are female with the highest percentage being in PK-2 (49%)

51%49%

51%49%

44%56%

46%54%

46%54%

46%54%

47%53%

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PK-2 has the lowest % of SACs that don’t go to school. PK-6 has the highest percentage of SACs not enrolled in school including the least number of girls 1

PK-1 PK-2 PK-3 PK-4

PK-5 PK-6 PK-7 PK-8

1. The conclusions on this slide are heavily dependant on the assumption that the survey was randomly sampled and that the demographic proportions in the data set are representative of the actual population

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Cont’d.

44% of all SAC (40% girls) in PK-2 are enrolled in mainstream government schools. A further 30% are enrolled in PKSS. 26% of SAC in the community are not receiving any type of education

73% of SACs (88% girls) in PK-6 are not enrolled in school. Only 35% of boys and 9% of school age girls are enrolled in the PK school. This community has the lowest percentage of SACs receiving any form of education

The Net unenrollment rate for SACs at PK-5 & 7 is 55%. PK-1 & 8 are marginally better at 50% .

Altogether, 5 of the 8 communities have more than 50% of their SAC population not receiving any type of education. This suggests a significant growth and expansion opportunity from within the communities the PK system is already operating in

Of the various communities, PKSS has the widest reach in PK-4 where 52% of all SACs are enrolled in the PK school . This community also has the highest percentage of school aged girls enrolled in the school (55). This is followed by PK-3, 1, 7 & 8 where the PKSS attracts 41% of all school aged children

PK-2, 5 & 6 attract 29%, 28% and 23% of SAC’s in their communities respectively. The low number in PK-2 is because of 44% of the SAC population being enrolled in mainstream schools. PK-5 and 6 however have a negligible percentage of the SAC population enrolled in government schools. This suggests that there is the opportunity for massive expansion in these communities

Key Findings

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Growth strategy from within the current PK school communities

% SAC not in school, external growth and # of SAC’s not enrolled in school by community 1

Key Findings

Top right to bottom left combined with the size of each bubble shows the organic growth opportunity in each school in decreasing order

PK-6 has the biggest opportunity for organic growth as 73% of the SAC’s (amounting to 193 children) are not receiving any type of schooling even though the community has low external growth

PK-1, 8 and 5 also show significant organic growth opportunities as they have a significant proportions of SAC’s not enrolled in school coupled with a high net migration rate into the community

PK6

PK7

PK8

PK5

PK1

PK4

PK2

PK3

1. The horizontal axis shows the % of SACs not enrolled in any school in the community. The vertical axis shows the external growth rate of the community estimated by calculating the annual increase in # of HH and the size of the ball shows the absolute # of SACs not enrolled in any type of school