Piping and Tank Design

01/02/2005Slide Number- 1 of 69

Delivering excellence through people

PIPING AND TANKAGE PIPING AND TANKAGE DESIGNDESIGN

PIPING & TANKAGE DESIGN01/02/2005

Slide Number - 2 of 69

Engineers India Ltd – Delivering excellence through people

PIPING AND TANKAGE DESIGN-GENERALPIPING AND TANKAGE DESIGN-GENERAL

SESSION-ISESSION-ITANKAGES-DESIGN ASPECT TANKAGES-DESIGN ASPECT

SESSION-IISESSION-II

SESSION-IIISESSION-III

SESSION-IVSESSION-IV

PIPING-DESIGN ASPECT PIPING-DESIGN ASPECT

TANK FARM INSTRUMENTATION AND FIRE PROTECTION TANK FARM INSTRUMENTATION AND FIRE PROTECTION

TANKAGES-OPERATION & SAFETYTANKAGES-OPERATION & SAFETY




SESSION-ISESSION-I

TANKAGES-DESIGN ASPECT TANKAGES-DESIGN ASPECT




STORAGE PHILOSOPHYSTORAGE PHILOSOPHY

DEVELOP STORAGE PHILOSOPHY FORDEVELOP STORAGE PHILOSOPHY FOR

-- FEED STORAGEFEED STORAGE-- INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGEINTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE-- FINISHED PRODUCT STORAGEFINISHED PRODUCT STORAGE

FEED STORAGE FEED STORAGE -- RECEIVING MODE RECEIVING MODE

-- SHIPMENTSHIPMENT-- PIPELINEPIPELINE-- ANY OTHER MODEANY OTHER MODE

-- OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTREQUIREMENT-- NO. OF TANK AND CAPACITY OF EACH TANKNO. OF TANK AND CAPACITY OF EACH TANK




INTERMEDIATE STORAGEINTERMEDIATE STORAGE

-- OPERATING PHILOSOPHY & FLEXIBILITYOPERATING PHILOSOPHY & FLEXIBILITY

-- EMERGENCY SHUTDOWNEMERGENCY SHUTDOWN- TURN AROUND REQUIREMENTTURN AROUND REQUIREMENT

FINISH PRODUCT STORAGEFINISH PRODUCT STORAGE

-- OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTOPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

-- MODE OF DISPATCHMODE OF DISPATCH- SHUTDOWN REQUIREMENTSHUTDOWN REQUIREMENT- OPTIMIZATION/PREMIUM GRADE INTERMEDIATE OPTIMIZATION/PREMIUM GRADE INTERMEDIATE

STORAGESTORAGE

STORAGE PHILOSOPHYSTORAGE PHILOSOPHY




DESIGN BASISDESIGN BASIS

TYPE OF TANK USED FOR STORAGE IS BASED ON TYPE OF TANK USED FOR STORAGE IS BASED ON PROPERTIES LIKEPROPERTIES LIKE

-- FLASH POINT AND VAPOUR PRESSUREFLASH POINT AND VAPOUR PRESSURE

-- POUR POINTPOUR POINT

-- REACTIVITY AND CONTAMINATIONREACTIVITY AND CONTAMINATION

STORAGE TANKS ARE CLASSIFIED ASSTORAGE TANKS ARE CLASSIFIED AS

-- ATMOSPHERIC TANK (API-650)ATMOSPHERIC TANK (API-650)

-- LOW PRESSURE TANK (API-620)LOW PRESSURE TANK (API-620)

-- HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE (ASME, BS)HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE (ASME, BS)

-- REFRIGERATED STORAGEREFRIGERATED STORAGE




DESIGN BASIS DESIGN BASIS

ATMOSPHERIC TANKATMOSPHERIC TANK-- DESIGN PRESSURE UP TO 150MM OF H2ODESIGN PRESSURE UP TO 150MM OF H2O-- VAPOUR PRESSURE LESS THAN – 10 PSIAVAPOUR PRESSURE LESS THAN – 10 PSIA

LOW PRESSURE TANKLOW PRESSURE TANK-- NORMALLY PRESSURE ABOVE 10 PSIA BUT NORMALLY PRESSURE ABOVE 10 PSIA BUT LOWER LOWER THAN 15 PSIG (30 PSIA) AT MAX. THAN 15 PSIG (30 PSIA) AT MAX. OPERATING TEMP.OPERATING TEMP.-- THESE ARE NORMALLY BLANKETED TANKSTHESE ARE NORMALLY BLANKETED TANKS

HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE. HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE. -- VAPOUR PRESSURE ABOVE IS PSIG AT AVERAGE VAPOUR PRESSURE ABOVE IS PSIG AT AVERAGE

AMBIENT TEMP.AMBIENT TEMP.-- THESE COMES UNDER PRESSURE VESSEL.THESE COMES UNDER PRESSURE VESSEL.-- TYPICALLY OVER GROUND PRESSURE VESSEL TYPICALLY OVER GROUND PRESSURE VESSEL ARE ARE BULLET, MOUNDED BULLET, HORTON SPHERES.BULLET, MOUNDED BULLET, HORTON SPHERES.




DESIGN BASISDESIGN BASIS

REFRIGERATED STORAGEREFRIGERATED STORAGE

-- THESE ARE LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE TO THESE ARE LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE TO STORE LIGHT HYDROCARBON.STORE LIGHT HYDROCARBON.

-- STORAGE TEMP MAINTAINED TO KEEP STORAGE TEMP MAINTAINED TO KEEP VAPOUR VAPOUR PRESSURE AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE / PRESSURE AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE /

LOWER THAN ATMOSPHERIC.LOWER THAN ATMOSPHERIC.




DESIGN CRITERIADESIGN CRITERIA

DESIGN GUIDELINEDESIGN GUIDELINE- MINIMUM THREE OR FOUR TANK (EXCEPT MINIMUM THREE OR FOUR TANK (EXCEPT

INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE)INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE)- FIXED UP CAPACITY OF EACH TANK. FIXED UP CAPACITY OF EACH TANK. - IN MARKETING TERMINAL RECEIPT MODE IS IMPORTANT IN MARKETING TERMINAL RECEIPT MODE IS IMPORTANT

FOR DECIDING TANK CAPACITY.FOR DECIDING TANK CAPACITY.

-- STORAGE OF EACH PRODUCT 7 TO 15 DAYS BASED ON STORAGE OF EACH PRODUCT 7 TO 15 DAYS BASED ON REQUIREMENT.REQUIREMENT.

-- OPERATION TO BE SUSTAINED WHILE ONE OF THE TANK OPERATION TO BE SUSTAINED WHILE ONE OF THE TANK IS OUT FOR MAINTENANCE.IS OUT FOR MAINTENANCE.




TYPE OF TANK FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCT ARE SELECTED TYPE OF TANK FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCT ARE SELECTED TO TO -- MINIMISE LOSSESMINIMISE LOSSES-- TO MEET ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONTO MEET ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION-- SAFETYSAFETY-- QUALITYQUALITY-- OPERABILITYOPERABILITY

ATMOSPHERIC TANKSATMOSPHERIC TANKS -- FLOATING ROOFFLOATING ROOF

-- CONE ROOF/ NCONE ROOF/ N22 BLANKETED CONE ROOF BLANKETED CONE ROOF

-- CONE CUM FLOATING ROOFCONE CUM FLOATING ROOF






FLOATING ROOF TANKFLOATING ROOF TANK

-- TANKS ARE DESIGNED AS PER API-CODE-650TANKS ARE DESIGNED AS PER API-CODE-650

-- USED FOR LIGHT / MIDDLE DISTILLATE.USED FOR LIGHT / MIDDLE DISTILLATE.

-- NOMINAL CAPACITY, STORED CAPACITY, NET NOMINAL CAPACITY, STORED CAPACITY, NET CAPACITY REQUIREMENT.CAPACITY REQUIREMENT.

-- DESIGN PRESSUREDESIGN PRESSURE

-- VENTING OUT/BREEDING IN DURING PUMPING IN/ VENTING OUT/BREEDING IN DURING PUMPING IN/ OUT, CHANGE IN AMBIENT CONDITIONSOUT, CHANGE IN AMBIENT CONDITIONS

-- EMERGENCY VENTING REQUIREMENTEMERGENCY VENTING REQUIREMENT





- CORROSION ALLOWANCE.CORROSION ALLOWANCE.- ROOF SUPPORT.ROOF SUPPORT.- ROOF DESIGN.ROOF DESIGN.- MANHOLES AND CLEAN OUT DOORS.MANHOLES AND CLEAN OUT DOORS.- SEALING ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN PERIPHERY SEALING ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN PERIPHERY

OF ROOF AND TANK SHALL.OF ROOF AND TANK SHALL.





- ROOF DRAINS / EMERGENCY ROOF DRAINSROOF DRAINS / EMERGENCY ROOF DRAINS- ROOF TO SHALL BONDING TO AVOID CHARGE ROOF TO SHALL BONDING TO AVOID CHARGE

ACCUMULATION.ACCUMULATION.- CENTERING AND ANT ROTATION GUIDES ARE CENTERING AND ANT ROTATION GUIDES ARE

PROVIDED TO COUNTER LATERAL FORCES PROVIDED TO COUNTER LATERAL FORCES (LADDER, WIND, RAIN WATER).(LADDER, WIND, RAIN WATER).





CONE ROOF TANK/ CONE CUM FLOATING ROOF TANKCONE ROOF TANK/ CONE CUM FLOATING ROOF TANK

-- OPEN VENT OR N2/INERT GAS BLANKETED TANKS OPEN VENT OR N2/INERT GAS BLANKETED TANKS DESIGNED UNDER API-650.DESIGNED UNDER API-650.

-- NORMALLY OPEN VENT CONE ROOF TANKS ARE USED NORMALLY OPEN VENT CONE ROOF TANKS ARE USED FOR HEAVY HYDROCARBON PRODUCT. FOR HEAVY HYDROCARBON PRODUCT.

- FUEL OIL, VR, HEAVY Y GAS OIL, BITUMEN, ETC. STORED FUEL OIL, VR, HEAVY Y GAS OIL, BITUMEN, ETC. STORED IN OPEN VENT TANK.IN OPEN VENT TANK.

- N2 BLANKETED TANKS ARE USED FOR INTERMEDIATE N2 BLANKETED TANKS ARE USED FOR INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE WHERE DEGRADATION OF PRODUCT FEED STORAGE WHERE DEGRADATION OF PRODUCT CAN CAUSE PROBLEM IN DOWN STREAM UNIT CAN CAUSE PROBLEM IN DOWN STREAM UNIT

- TANKS STORING TOXIC MATERIALS LIKE BENZENE SOUR TANKS STORING TOXIC MATERIALS LIKE BENZENE SOUR WATER ETC.WATER ETC.





- OPEN VENT CONE ROOF TANKS ARE USUALLY OPEN VENT CONE ROOF TANKS ARE USUALLY DESIGNED FOR FULL OF LIQ. OR WATER.DESIGNED FOR FULL OF LIQ. OR WATER.

- N2 BLANKETED TANK ARE DESIGNED FOR A MAX. N2 BLANKETED TANK ARE DESIGNED FOR A MAX. PRESSURE OF 150MM OF WATER. COLUMN. IN POSITIVE PRESSURE OF 150MM OF WATER. COLUMN. IN POSITIVE SIDE AND 50 MM IN THE VACUUM SIDE.SIDE AND 50 MM IN THE VACUUM SIDE.

- THESE TANKS ARE DESIGNED WITH NORMAL VENT AS THESE TANKS ARE DESIGNED WITH NORMAL VENT AS WELL AS EMERGENCY VENT.WELL AS EMERGENCY VENT.





FOR N2 BLANKETED TANKS PVRV IS PROVIDED IN PLACE FOR N2 BLANKETED TANKS PVRV IS PROVIDED IN PLACE OF NORMAL VENTING.OF NORMAL VENTING.

SET PRESSURES OF PVRV. EMERGENCY VENT SHELL BE SET PRESSURES OF PVRV. EMERGENCY VENT SHELL BE WITHIN THE DESIGN LIMIT.WITHIN THE DESIGN LIMIT.




N2 BLANKETED SYSTEMN2 BLANKETED SYSTEM






CONE CUM FLOATING ROOF TANKCONE CUM FLOATING ROOF TANK

-- THESE TANKS ARE USED FOR STORING TOXIC THESE TANKS ARE USED FOR STORING TOXIC PRODUCT AND PRODUCT WITH STRINGENT PRODUCT AND PRODUCT WITH STRINGENT

QUALITY QUALITY (E.G. BENZENE, ATF)(E.G. BENZENE, ATF)

-- NITROGEN OR INERT GAS BLANKETING MAY BE NITROGEN OR INERT GAS BLANKETING MAY BE PROVIDED IN CASE OF REQUIREMENTPROVIDED IN CASE OF REQUIREMENT

-- TANKS WITHOUT NITROGEN/ INERT GAS TANKS WITHOUT NITROGEN/ INERT GAS BLANKETING ARE PROVIDED WITH CIRCULATING BLANKETING ARE PROVIDED WITH CIRCULATING VENT JUST BELOW THE CONE ROOFVENT JUST BELOW THE CONE ROOF




USED FOR CONGEALING SERVICES.USED FOR CONGEALING SERVICES.

-- POUR POINT, VISCOSITY, AUTO IGNITION TEMP. POUR POINT, VISCOSITY, AUTO IGNITION TEMP. OF MATERIAL DECIDES STORAGE OF MATERIAL DECIDES STORAGE

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

-- PRINCIPLE OF DESIGNING HEATING PRINCIPLE OF DESIGNING HEATING ARRANGEMENT IS TO ARGUMENT HEAT LOSS.ARRANGEMENT IS TO ARGUMENT HEAT LOSS.

-- THESE TANKS ARE INSULATED TO MINIMISE THE THESE TANKS ARE INSULATED TO MINIMISE THE HEAT LOSS.HEAT LOSS.

TANKS WITH ELEVATED TEMPERATURETANKS WITH ELEVATED TEMPERATURE





-- STEAM COILS ARE USED TO SUPPLY HEAT.STEAM COILS ARE USED TO SUPPLY HEAT.

-- NORMALLY STEAM PRESSURE 3 TO 5 NORMALLY STEAM PRESSURE 3 TO 5 KG/CM2G KG/CM2G IS IS USED.USED.

-- CRUDE/BENZENE TANKS ARE ALSO SOMETIMES CRUDE/BENZENE TANKS ARE ALSO SOMETIMES PROVIDED WITH HEATING COIL. PROVIDED WITH HEATING COIL. BUT NOT BUT NOT

INSULATED TEMPERATURE NORMALLY INSULATED TEMPERATURE NORMALLY MAINTAINED MAINTAINED ABOUT 10° ABOVE POUR POINT.ABOUT 10° ABOVE POUR POINT.





LOW PRESSURE TANKSLOW PRESSURE TANKS

LOW PRESSURE TANK DESIGN GUIDELINES ARE LOW PRESSURE TANK DESIGN GUIDELINES ARE PROVIDED IN API-620.PROVIDED IN API-620.

THESE TANKS ARE NORMALLY N2/ INERT GAS THESE TANKS ARE NORMALLY N2/ INERT GAS BLANKETED.BLANKETED.

MAX DESIGN PRESSURE IS 1 KG/CM2G AND VACUUM UP MAX DESIGN PRESSURE IS 1 KG/CM2G AND VACUUM UP TO 50 MM OF WATERTO 50 MM OF WATER

ALL OPERATING REQUIREMENT IS SIMILAR TO N2 ALL OPERATING REQUIREMENT IS SIMILAR TO N2 BLANKETED ATM. STORAGE TANKS.BLANKETED ATM. STORAGE TANKS.





HIGH PRESSURE STORAGEHIGH PRESSURE STORAGE

HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE ARE PRESSURE VESSELS HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE ARE PRESSURE VESSELS DESIGN GUIDELINES ARE AVAILABLE IN ASME, API, BS DESIGN GUIDELINES ARE AVAILABLE IN ASME, API, BS ETC.ETC.

NORMALLY LPG, PROPANE, PROPYLENE, BUTANE ETC. NORMALLY LPG, PROPANE, PROPYLENE, BUTANE ETC. REQUIRES PRESSURE VESSEL.REQUIRES PRESSURE VESSEL.

SPHERES, BULLET OR MOUNDED BULLETS ARE TYPICAL SPHERES, BULLET OR MOUNDED BULLETS ARE TYPICAL STORAGES.STORAGES.

MAJOR HAZARDS FROM THESE STORAGES ARE FLASH MAJOR HAZARDS FROM THESE STORAGES ARE FLASH FIRE, VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION AND FIRE BALL OR FIRE, VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION AND FIRE BALL OR BLEVE.BLEVE.





CHANCES OF FIRE BALL OR BLEVE IS ELIMINATED USING CHANCES OF FIRE BALL OR BLEVE IS ELIMINATED USING MOUNDED STORAGEMOUNDED STORAGE

SPECIAL REQUIREMENT ARE :SPECIAL REQUIREMENT ARE :

-- SAFETY RELIEF VALVE.SAFETY RELIEF VALVE.-- AUTOMATIC WATER SPRINKLER ACTUATE BY GAS AUTOMATIC WATER SPRINKLER ACTUATE BY GAS

OR FIRE DETECTORS.OR FIRE DETECTORS.-- REMOTE OPERATED ISOLATION VALVES (FIRE REMOTE OPERATED ISOLATION VALVES (FIRE

RESISTANT).RESISTANT).-- MINIMISING NO OF LIQUID NOZZLES / FLANGES.MINIMISING NO OF LIQUID NOZZLES / FLANGES.-- OVERFILLING PROTECTIONOVERFILLING PROTECTION





MOUNDED STORAGEMOUNDED STORAGE

- OVER GROUND STORAGE COVERED WITH MOUND OF OVER GROUND STORAGE COVERED WITH MOUND OF EARTH.EARTH.

- MOUND SHALL BE ACCESSIBLE TO FIRE TENDER.MOUND SHALL BE ACCESSIBLE TO FIRE TENDER.- DESIGN GUIDELINES BY ASME SEC VIII OR BS-5500.DESIGN GUIDELINES BY ASME SEC VIII OR BS-5500.- SINGLE CODE TO BE ADOPTED FOR DESIGN, SINGLE CODE TO BE ADOPTED FOR DESIGN,

FABRICATION, INSPECTION, TESTING AND FABRICATION, INSPECTION, TESTING AND INSTALLATION.INSTALLATION.

- SURFACE COATING CATHODIC PROTECTION TO BE SURFACE COATING CATHODIC PROTECTION TO BE PROVIDED.PROVIDED.





- PROVISION TO DRAIN OUT COMPLETELY.PROVISION TO DRAIN OUT COMPLETELY.- MOUNDED BULLET CAN HAVE EITHER INTANK PUMP FOR MOUNDED BULLET CAN HAVE EITHER INTANK PUMP FOR

EXTERNAL PUMP.EXTERNAL PUMP.- A SINGLE NOZZLE PROVIDED FOR USING EXTERNAL A SINGLE NOZZLE PROVIDED FOR USING EXTERNAL

PUMP.PUMP.- ROV (FIRE SAFE TYPE) FOR LIQUID LINE/ VAPOUR ROV (FIRE SAFE TYPE) FOR LIQUID LINE/ VAPOUR

BALANCE LINE.BALANCE LINE.- TWO PSV OF 30% EACH (MINIMUM) FOR FIRE CASE.TWO PSV OF 30% EACH (MINIMUM) FOR FIRE CASE.

FIRE WATER SPRAY IN EXPOSED AREA HYDRANT AND FIRE WATER SPRAY IN EXPOSED AREA HYDRANT AND MONITOR COVERAGE.MONITOR COVERAGE.





SESSION-IISESSION-II

PIPING-DESIGN ASPECT PIPING-DESIGN ASPECT




OFFSITE PIPING DESIGNOFFSITE PIPING DESIGN

OVERALL PLOT PLAN SHOWING OVERALL PLOT PLAN SHOWING

-- LOCATION OF TANKS.LOCATION OF TANKS.

-- PUMP HOUSE LOCATION.PUMP HOUSE LOCATION.

-- LOCATION OF PROCESS UNIT.LOCATION OF PROCESS UNIT.

-- AREA TOPOGRAPHY.AREA TOPOGRAPHY.

-- BATTERY LIMIT CONDITIONS.BATTERY LIMIT CONDITIONS.

-- PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL STREAMS.PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL STREAMS.

-- ESTIMATION OF EQUIVALENT PIPE ESTIMATION OF EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH.LENGTH.

-- PRESSURE REQUIRED AT DESTINATION.PRESSURE REQUIRED AT DESTINATION.

BASIC DATA REQUIREDBASIC DATA REQUIRED





LINE SIZING CRITERIA LINE SIZING CRITERIA

-- ACCEPTABLE VELOCITY RANGEACCEPTABLE VELOCITY RANGE

-- ACCEPTABLE PRESSURE DROP PER KM OF ACCEPTABLE PRESSURE DROP PER KM OF EQUIVALENT LINE LENGTH.EQUIVALENT LINE LENGTH.

ACCEPTABLE VELOCITY RANG E FOR WATER, ACCEPTABLE VELOCITY RANG E FOR WATER, LIGHT LIGHT HYDROCARBON, HEAVY HYDROCARBON, STEAM, HYDROCARBON, HEAVY HYDROCARBON, STEAM,

VAPOURS ETC. ARE AVAILABLE FROM DIFFERENT VAPOURS ETC. ARE AVAILABLE FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES.SOURCES.




RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP FOR CS LIQUID LINEFOR CS LIQUID LINE

RECOM. RECOM. MAXMAXVELOCITYVELOCITY ALLOW ALLOW

PRESS.PRESS.

GENERAL RECOM.GENERAL RECOM. 1.5-4.51.5-4.5 8.88.8

LAMINAR FLOWLAMINAR FLOW 1.2-1.51.2-1.5

PUMP SUCTIONPUMP SUCTION

BOILING LIQUIDBOILING LIQUID 0.6-1.80.6-1.8 1-11-1

NON-BOILING LIQUIDNON-BOILING LIQUID 1.2-2.51.2-2.5 2-22-2




RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP FOR CS LIQUID LINESFOR CS LIQUID LINES


PRESS.PRESS.

PUMP DISCHARGE FLOW, M3/HRPUMP DISCHARGE FLOW, M3/HR

0-550-55 1.8-2.51.8-2.5 13.213.2

55-16055-160 2.5-3.02.5-3.0 8.88.8

MORE THAN 160MORE THAN 160 3.0-4.53.0-4.5 4.44.4

GRAVITY RUN LINESGRAVITY RUN LINES 0.3-2.50.3-2.5 0.880.88




RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP FOR CS VAPOUR LINESFOR CS VAPOUR LINES

RECOM. RECOM. MAX. MAX. ALLOWABLEALLOWABLE

VELOCITYVELOCITY PRES. DROPPRES. DROP

ABOVE 35ABOVE 35 V= (3 TO 24)/ d V= (3 TO 24)/ d 1/31/3 4.44.4

14-3514-35 d=DENSITYd=DENSITY 3.33.3

10-1410-14 KG/M3KG/M3 1.321.32

3.5-103.5-10 0.660.66

0-3.50-3.5 0.330.33

SUB-ATM. (VACUUM)SUB-ATM. (VACUUM) 0.220.22




RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP FOR CS STEAM SERVICESFOR CS STEAM SERVICES


PRESS.PRESS.GENERAL RECOMMENDATION GENERAL RECOMMENDATION MAXIMUMMAXIMUM

SATURATEDSATURATED 60.060.0SUPERHEATEDSUPERHEATED 75.075.0

STEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2GSTEAM PRESSURE KG/CM2G0-3.50-3.5 0.550.553.5-103.5-10 1.11.110-2010-20 2.22.2

ABOVE 20ABOVE 20 3.33.3




RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP RECOMMENDED VELOCITY AND PRESSURE DROP FOR STEAM SERVICESFOR STEAM SERVICES


PRESS.PRESS.

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM LINESHIGH PRESSURE STEAM LINES

SHORT (LENGTH SHORT (LENGTH

LESS THAN 180 M)LESS THAN 180 M) 2.22.2

LONG LENGTH LONG LENGTH

(MORE THAN 180 M)(MORE THAN 180 M) 1.11.1

SHORT LEADSSHORT LEADS 5.55.5





FOR SIZING PUMP SUCTION LINE VELOCITY FOR SIZING PUMP SUCTION LINE VELOCITY RANGE OF 0.8 TO 1.5 M/S IS TAKEN FOR ALL RANGE OF 0.8 TO 1.5 M/S IS TAKEN FOR ALL HYDROCARBON/WATER.HYDROCARBON/WATER.

PRESSURE DROP ESTIMATION FOR CONTROL PRESSURE DROP ESTIMATION FOR CONTROL VALVES, FLOW METERS, STRAINERS ETC.VALVES, FLOW METERS, STRAINERS ETC.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUMP SUCTION LINE, SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUMP SUCTION LINE, TANKAGE MANIFOLD VALVING & PUMP MINIMUM FLOW TANKAGE MANIFOLD VALVING & PUMP MINIMUM FLOW CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONSPECIAL CONSIDERATION




INPUT DATA REQUIREDINPUT DATA REQUIRED

-- NORMAL/RATED FLOW REQUIREMENTNORMAL/RATED FLOW REQUIREMENT

-- B/L CONDITIONS, (PRESSURE, B/L CONDITIONS, (PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE) TEMPERATURE) AT AT SUPPLY AND DESTINATIONSUPPLY AND DESTINATION

-- FLUID PROPERTIES NAMELY, DENSITY & FLUID PROPERTIES NAMELY, DENSITY & VISCOSITY.VISCOSITY.

-- ESTIMATE REQUIREMENT LENGTH OF PIPE ESTIMATE REQUIREMENT LENGTH OF PIPE BASED ON PLOT PLAN.BASED ON PLOT PLAN.

-- SELECT A PIPE LINE SIZE BASED ON RATED FLOW SELECT A PIPE LINE SIZE BASED ON RATED FLOW WHICH MEETS THE VELOCITY CRITERIA (START WHICH MEETS THE VELOCITY CRITERIA (START WITH MINIMUM PIPE SIZE WHICH MEETS THE WITH MINIMUM PIPE SIZE WHICH MEETS THE

VISCOSITY CRITERIA).VISCOSITY CRITERIA).

TYPICAL INPUT FOR SIZING OF LIQUID LINETYPICAL INPUT FOR SIZING OF LIQUID LINE





CALCULATE Re NO. USINGCALCULATE Re NO. USING

Re = 3.54 X 10E4Q/ Re = 3.54 X 10E4Q/ µDµD

WHERE, WHERE, QQ = RATED FLOW M3/HR = RATED FLOW M3/HR

D=ID OF THE PIPE IN CMD=ID OF THE PIPE IN CM

µ = VISCOSITY IN CSµ = VISCOSITY IN CS ESTIMATE FRICTION FACTOR USING ESTIMATE FRICTION FACTOR USING

GRAPHGRAPH





CALCULATE PRESSURE DROP USINGCALCULATE PRESSURE DROP USING

P = (63.7 X100) QP = (63.7 X100) Q2 2 f df d

----------------

DD55

WHERE WHERE d = SPECIFIC GRAVITY WITH d = SPECIFIC GRAVITY WITH RESPECT RESPECT TO WATERTO WATER

P = PRESSURE DROP/KM OF PIPE P = PRESSURE DROP/KM OF PIPE LENGTHLENGTH

f= FRICTION FACTORf= FRICTION FACTOR





PRODUCT BLENDINGPRODUCT BLENDING

- ESTABLISH PRODUCT SPEC. AS PER ESTABLISH PRODUCT SPEC. AS PER REQUIREMENT FOR DIESEL; 5%, DENSITY REQUIREMENT FOR DIESEL; 5%, DENSITY FLASH POINT, POUR POINT.FLASH POINT, POUR POINT.

- STREAM THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BE BLENDED STREAM THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BE BLENDED ITS PROPERTIES.ITS PROPERTIES.

- DESIGN, OPERATING PARAMETER AND DESIGN, OPERATING PARAMETER AND ALTERNATE DESTINATION OF EACH STREAM.ALTERNATE DESTINATION OF EACH STREAM.

- DEVELOP BLENDING SCHEMEDEVELOP BLENDING SCHEME




PRODUCT BLENDINGPRODUCT BLENDING

BLENDING BLENDING SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC




SOME OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS CONSIDERED SOME OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS CONSIDERED IN PIPING DESIGN FROM OFFSITESIN PIPING DESIGN FROM OFFSITES

1)1) PIPING DESIGN TEMPERATURE, 65°C FOR PIPING DESIGN TEMPERATURE, 65°C FOR WHILE OIL/LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND 150°C WHILE OIL/LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND 150°C AND ABOVE FOR HEAVY OIL.AND ABOVE FOR HEAVY OIL.

2)2) DO NOT PROVIDE VALVES IN OFFSITE PIPE DO NOT PROVIDE VALVES IN OFFSITE PIPE RACK EXCEPT CLOSE TO PUMP HOUSE AND RACK EXCEPT CLOSE TO PUMP HOUSE AND TANKAGE MANIFOLD.TANKAGE MANIFOLD.

3)3) ANY FACILITIES REQUIRE CONSTANT ANY FACILITIES REQUIRE CONSTANT MONITORING TO BE LOCATED CLOSE TO PUMP MONITORING TO BE LOCATED CLOSE TO PUMP HOUSE (DOSING SYSTEM HEATERS ETC.).HOUSE (DOSING SYSTEM HEATERS ETC.).

4)4) PROVIDE SEPARATION DISTANCE TO PROVIDE SEPARATION DISTANCE TO SEGREGATE PUMPS OF PRESSURIZED LIQUID, SEGREGATE PUMPS OF PRESSURIZED LIQUID, WHITE OIL AND BLACK OIL.WHITE OIL AND BLACK OIL.




SOME OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS CONSIDERED SOME OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS CONSIDERED IN PIPING DESIGN FROM OFFSITESIN PIPING DESIGN FROM OFFSITES

5)5) REMOTE OPERATED (FIRE SAFE) VALVES ARE REMOTE OPERATED (FIRE SAFE) VALVES ARE PROVIDED TO ISOLATE GANTRY IN CASE OF PROVIDED TO ISOLATE GANTRY IN CASE OF EMERGENCY.EMERGENCY.

6)6) ADEQUATE EXPANSION PROVISION IS KEPT ADEQUATE EXPANSION PROVISION IS KEPT FOR PIPING DESIGN ABOVE 150°C.FOR PIPING DESIGN ABOVE 150°C.

7)7) OPERATING VALVES FOR TANKAGES ARE OPERATING VALVES FOR TANKAGES ARE KEPT OUTSIDE DYKE AREA.KEPT OUTSIDE DYKE AREA.

8)8) MEANS OF POSITIVE ISOLATION IS KEPT FOR MEANS OF POSITIVE ISOLATION IS KEPT FOR TANKS REQUIRING EXCISE FORMALITIES.TANKS REQUIRING EXCISE FORMALITIES.




PRODUCT DISPATCH DESIGN GUIDELINESPRODUCT DISPATCH DESIGN GUIDELINES

- DISPATCH BY PIPELINE, RAIL TANKER, ROAD TANKER.DISPATCH BY PIPELINE, RAIL TANKER, ROAD TANKER.- PIPELINE MAY BE FOR CRUDE, BLACK OIL, OR WHITE OIL PIPELINE MAY BE FOR CRUDE, BLACK OIL, OR WHITE OIL

PRODUCTS (MULTIPRODUCT). RAIL GANTRY SHOULD BE PRODUCTS (MULTIPRODUCT). RAIL GANTRY SHOULD BE SEPARATE FOR WHITE OIL, BLACK OIL AND SEPARATE FOR WHITE OIL, BLACK OIL AND PRESSURIZED LIQUID (LPG).PRESSURIZED LIQUID (LPG).

- ESTIMATE QUANTITY OF PRODUCT TO BE DISPATCH BY ESTIMATE QUANTITY OF PRODUCT TO BE DISPATCH BY EACH MODE.EACH MODE.

- EACH PRODUCT WILL HAVE ITS SOON LOADING HEADER, EACH PRODUCT WILL HAVE ITS SOON LOADING HEADER, METERING FACILITIES AND LOADING ARM.METERING FACILITIES AND LOADING ARM.

- FOR ROAD LOADING EACH PRODUCT HAVE SEPARATE FOR ROAD LOADING EACH PRODUCT HAVE SEPARATE LOADING BAYS.LOADING BAYS.




PRODUCT DISPATCH DESIGN GUIDELINESPRODUCT DISPATCH DESIGN GUIDELINES

- PROVISION TO BE KEPT FOR UNLOADING OF SICK PROVISION TO BE KEPT FOR UNLOADING OF SICK WAGON/TANKER (GRAVITY DRAIN WITH UNDER GROUND WAGON/TANKER (GRAVITY DRAIN WITH UNDER GROUND VESSELS).VESSELS).

- ESTIMATE RACK FILLING/ROAD TANKER LOADING LINE ESTIMATE RACK FILLING/ROAD TANKER LOADING LINE INCLUDING PLACEMENT, CONNECTION, INCLUDING PLACEMENT, CONNECTION, DISCONNECTION.DISCONNECTION.

- ESTIMATE TOTAL LOADING HOURS AVAILABLE IN A ESTIMATE TOTAL LOADING HOURS AVAILABLE IN A SINGLE DAY. (FOR ROAD LOADING) AND NO. OF DAYS SINGLE DAY. (FOR ROAD LOADING) AND NO. OF DAYS AVAILABLE FOR LOADING IN A CALENDAR YEAR.AVAILABLE FOR LOADING IN A CALENDAR YEAR.

- CALCULATE THE HEAD REQUIRED FOR LOADING PUMPS CALCULATE THE HEAD REQUIRED FOR LOADING PUMPS AND FIX UP NO. OF PUMPS POWER REQUIRED USING AND FIX UP NO. OF PUMPS POWER REQUIRED USING PROPERTIES OF FLUID.PROPERTIES OF FLUID.

- FIXED UP NO. OF ROAD LOADING BAYS REQUIRED.FIXED UP NO. OF ROAD LOADING BAYS REQUIRED.




SESSION-IIISESSION-III

TANK FARM INSTRUMENTATION & FIRE TANK FARM INSTRUMENTATION & FIRE PROTECTIONPROTECTION




TANK LEVEL MEASUREMENTTANK LEVEL MEASUREMENT

- MINIMUM TWO LEVEL INST.MINIMUM TWO LEVEL INST.- SERVO TYPE AND RADAR TYPES GENERALLY USED. SERVO TYPE AND RADAR TYPES GENERALLY USED.

INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING DENSITY AND WATER INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING DENSITY AND WATER CUT ARE ALSO SPECIFIED ALONG WITH LEVEL CUT ARE ALSO SPECIFIED ALONG WITH LEVEL INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT

- MECHANICAL FLOAT TYPE SOMETIMES USED FOR MECHANICAL FLOAT TYPE SOMETIMES USED FOR CLEAN SERVICES TO GENERATE ALARM.CLEAN SERVICES TO GENERATE ALARM.

- DP TYPE ARE USED NORMALLY FOR PRESSURIZED DP TYPE ARE USED NORMALLY FOR PRESSURIZED LIQUID E.G. LPG PROPANE/PROPYLENE ETC.LIQUID E.G. LPG PROPANE/PROPYLENE ETC.

- ALARMS ARE PROVIDED FOR HIGH AS WELL AS LOW ALARMS ARE PROVIDED FOR HIGH AS WELL AS LOW LEVELS.LEVELS.




FLOW MEASUREMENTFLOW MEASUREMENT

ORIFICE METERORIFICE METER -- LOW ACCURACYLOW ACCURACY

PD METERPD METER -- HEAVY OILHEAVY OIL

TURBINE METERTURBINE METER -- LIGHT/MED. OILLIGHT/MED. OIL

ULTRA SONICULTRA SONIC -- LIGHT/MID/GASLIGHT/MID/GAS

PITOT TUBEPITOT TUBE - - LOW ACCURACY LOW ACCURACY USED FOR LARGE DIA USED FOR LARGE DIA

PIPEPIPE




GROUPING OF TANKS AND DYKE AREAGROUPING OF TANKS AND DYKE AREA

GUIDELINES PROVIDED BY NFPA/OISDGUIDELINES PROVIDED BY NFPA/OISD

-- PREFERABLE TO STORE CLASS-A, CLASS-B PREFERABLE TO STORE CLASS-A, CLASS-B AND AND CLASS-C PRODUCT IN SEPARATE CLASS-C PRODUCT IN SEPARATE DYKE.DYKE.

-- MAXIMUM VOL IN A SINGLE DYKE IS 1,20,000 MAXIMUM VOL IN A SINGLE DYKE IS 1,20,000 M3 M3 FOR FLOATING ROOF AND 60,000 M3 FOR FOR FLOATING ROOF AND 60,000 M3 FOR

CONE CONE ROOF TANKS. ROOF TANKS.




GROUPING OF TANKS AND DYKE AREAGROUPING OF TANKS AND DYKE AREA

SOME OF CRITICAL REQUIREMENT ARE:SOME OF CRITICAL REQUIREMENT ARE:

- DYKE VOLUME, DIKE HEIGHTDYKE VOLUME, DIKE HEIGHT- NO. OF ROWS AND ROAD APPROACHNO. OF ROWS AND ROAD APPROACH- FIRE WALL FOR EACH TANK.FIRE WALL FOR EACH TANK.- TANK HEIGHT DETERMINE BY SOIL BEARING TANK HEIGHT DETERMINE BY SOIL BEARING

CAPACITY.CAPACITY.- DRAINAGE SYSTEM (RAIN WATER/TANK DRAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEM (RAIN WATER/TANK DRAIN

WATER/ ROOF DRAIN WATER).WATER/ ROOF DRAIN WATER).- PIPING IN THE DYKE AREAPIPING IN THE DYKE AREA- PUMP STATIONPUMP STATION




FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

FIRE WATER SYSTEM STORAGE, PUMPING, FIRE FIRE WATER SYSTEM STORAGE, PUMPING, FIRE HYDRANT & DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.HYDRANT & DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.

DESIGN CRITERIADESIGN CRITERIA- ONE MAJOR FIREONE MAJOR FIRE- 4 HOURS STORAGE, MIN. 2 STORAGE TANKS.4 HOURS STORAGE, MIN. 2 STORAGE TANKS.- 100% DIESEL DRIVEN (6 HOURS CONTINUOUS 100% DIESEL DRIVEN (6 HOURS CONTINUOUS

RUNNING)RUNNING)- 50% EXTRA CAPACITY50% EXTRA CAPACITY- MIN. 7 KG/CM2G PRESSURE AVAILABLE AT HYDRANT MIN. 7 KG/CM2G PRESSURE AVAILABLE AT HYDRANT

POINTPOINT





- FIRE WATER STORAGE MIN. 30 M AWAY.FIRE WATER STORAGE MIN. 30 M AWAY.- HYDRANT NETWORK.HYDRANT NETWORK.

- SPACING OF HYDRANT AND MONITORS AND LOCATE OUTSIDE SPACING OF HYDRANT AND MONITORS AND LOCATE OUTSIDE DYKE AREA.DYKE AREA.

- NETWORK NORMALLY KEPT PRESSURIZED.NETWORK NORMALLY KEPT PRESSURIZED.- DESIGN WATER FLOW RATEDESIGN WATER FLOW RATE

- COOLING THE TANK ON FIRE 3 LPM/M2COOLING THE TANK ON FIRE 3 LPM/M2

- OTHER TANKS AT R+30M WITHIN IN THE DYKE AREA 3 LPM/M2.OTHER TANKS AT R+30M WITHIN IN THE DYKE AREA 3 LPM/M2.





- R+30M BUT NOT IN SAME DYKE 1 LPM/M2.R+30M BUT NOT IN SAME DYKE 1 LPM/M2.

- WATER FLOW REQUIREMENT FOR APPLYING FOAM FOR WATER FLOW REQUIREMENT FOR APPLYING FOAM FOR THE SINGLE LARGEST TANK.THE SINGLE LARGEST TANK.

- ALTERNATE CALCULATION IS OPERATION OF 4 ALTERNATE CALCULATION IS OPERATION OF 4 HYDRANTS AND 1 MONITOR SIMULTANEOUSLY.HYDRANTS AND 1 MONITOR SIMULTANEOUSLY.




FOAM SYSTEMFOAM SYSTEM

FIXED FOAM SYSTEM CONSIST OFFIXED FOAM SYSTEM CONSIST OF

-- WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY

-- FOAM CONCENTRATE TANKFOAM CONCENTRATE TANK

-- EDUCTOR AND SUITABLE PROPORTIONATING EDUCTOR AND SUITABLE PROPORTIONATING EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

-- FOAM MAKER VAPOUR SEAL BOX.FOAM MAKER VAPOUR SEAL BOX.

-- FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM TO ACTIVATE THE FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM TO ACTIVATE THE FOAM FOAM SYSTEM.SYSTEM.





SEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEMSEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEM

-- SUPPLY FOAM SOLUTION THROUGH MOBILE SUPPLY FOAM SOLUTION THROUGH MOBILE FOAM TENDER AND CONNECTED FIXED FOAM TENDER AND CONNECTED FIXED FOAM MAKERS CUM VAPOUR SEAL BOX FOR FOAM MAKERS CUM VAPOUR SEAL BOX FOR CONE ROOF TANK OR FOAM MAKER AND CONE ROOF TANK OR FOAM MAKER AND FOAM POWDER IN CASE OF FLOATING ROOF FOAM POWDER IN CASE OF FLOATING ROOF TANK.TANK.

MOBILE SYSTEM MOBILE SYSTEM -- SUPPLY THROUGH MONITOR / TOWER USING SUPPLY THROUGH MONITOR / TOWER USING

FOAM TENDER.FOAM TENDER.





CONE ROOFCONE ROOF

-- SUBSURFACE FOAM INJECTION THROUGH SUBSURFACE FOAM INJECTION THROUGH HIGH HIGH BACK BACK PRESSURE FOAM SUPPLY SYSTEM. PRESSURE FOAM SUPPLY SYSTEM.

FLOATING ROOFFLOATING ROOF

-- AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC ACTUATED (THROUGH LINEAR HEAT ACTUATED (THROUGH LINEAR HEAT DETECTOR) FOAM FLOODING SYSTEM DETECTOR) FOAM FLOODING SYSTEM

(FLOATAFOAM OR (FLOATAFOAM OR EQUIVALENT).EQUIVALENT).

-- RIM SEAL FOAM POURERRIM SEAL FOAM POURER

SPECIAL FOAM INJECTION SYSTEMSSPECIAL FOAM INJECTION SYSTEMS




LEAK AND FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMLEAK AND FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

- GAS DETECTORS PROVIDED WHERE LEAKAGE CAN GAS DETECTORS PROVIDED WHERE LEAKAGE CAN CAUSE VAPOUR / GAS RELEASE.CAUSE VAPOUR / GAS RELEASE.

- HYDROCARBON DETECTORS, H2S DETECTOR, HYDROCARBON DETECTORS, H2S DETECTOR, CHLORINE DETECTORS USED IN REFINERY.CHLORINE DETECTORS USED IN REFINERY.

- FIRE DETECTORS ARE USED WHERE LEAKAGE OF HOT FIRE DETECTORS ARE USED WHERE LEAKAGE OF HOT MATERIALS CAN RESULT AUTO IGNITION. MATERIALS CAN RESULT AUTO IGNITION.

- THESE ARE HEAT DETECTORS OR ULTRA VIOLATE RAY THESE ARE HEAT DETECTORS OR ULTRA VIOLATE RAY DETECTOR.DETECTOR.




SESSION-IVSESSION-IV

TANKAGES-OPERATION & SAFETY TANKAGES-OPERATION & SAFETY




SAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGNSAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGNSAFETY OF EVERY TANK IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE. SAFETY OF EVERY TANK IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE. FAILURE OF ANY TANK WILL LEAD TO PROPERTY LOSS FAILURE OF ANY TANK WILL LEAD TO PROPERTY LOSS AND MAY AFFECT SMOOTH OPERATION OF UNITS. AT AND MAY AFFECT SMOOTH OPERATION OF UNITS. AT THE EXTREME CASE IT CAN RESULT HAZARDOUS THE EXTREME CASE IT CAN RESULT HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES IN CASE OF FIRE.CONSEQUENCES IN CASE OF FIRE.IMPORTANT SAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING IMPORTANT SAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGN;DESIGN; DESIGN CODEDESIGN CODE FINALIZATION OF CAPACITYFINALIZATION OF CAPACITY SELECTION OF TYPE OF TANKSSELECTION OF TYPE OF TANKS PLOT PLAN LOCATIONPLOT PLAN LOCATION VENTINGVENTING INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY POINTSMISCELLANEOUS SAFETY POINTS




SAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGNSAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGN

SELECTION OF TYPE OF TANKSSELECTION OF TYPE OF TANKS: :

TYPE OF TANK TO BE DECIDED CONSIDERING THE TYPE OF TANK TO BE DECIDED CONSIDERING THE FOLLOWING SAFETY POINTS:FOLLOWING SAFETY POINTS:

VAPOUR LOSS AND HYDROCARBON EMISSIONVAPOUR LOSS AND HYDROCARBON EMISSION FIRE HAZARDFIRE HAZARD TO MEET STRINGENT WATER SPECIFICATIONTO MEET STRINGENT WATER SPECIFICATION TO MEET STRINGENT ENVIRONMENT TO MEET STRINGENT ENVIRONMENT

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION PRODUCT CONTAMINATION WITH INGRESS AIRPRODUCT CONTAMINATION WITH INGRESS AIR





PRODUCT HAVING HIGH VAPOUR PRESSURE AND LOW PRODUCT HAVING HIGH VAPOUR PRESSURE AND LOW FLASH POINT ARE GENERALLY STORED IN FLASH POINT ARE GENERALLY STORED IN FLOATING FLOATING ROOF TANKSROOF TANKS OR OR DOME ROOF TANKDOME ROOF TANK TO REDUCE TO REDUCE VAPOUR LOSS, HYDROCARBON EMISSION AND FIRE VAPOUR LOSS, HYDROCARBON EMISSION AND FIRE HAZARD.HAZARD.

PRODUCT HAVING LOW VAPOUR PRESSURE AND PRODUCT HAVING LOW VAPOUR PRESSURE AND HIGHER FLASH POINT STORED IN HIGHER FLASH POINT STORED IN CONE ROOF TANKSCONE ROOF TANKS..

TO MEET STRINGENT WATER SPECIFICATION IN THE TO MEET STRINGENT WATER SPECIFICATION IN THE PRODUCT OR TO MEET STRINGENT ENVIRONMENT PRODUCT OR TO MEET STRINGENT ENVIRONMENT SPECIFICATION , PRODUCT STORED IN SPECIFICATION , PRODUCT STORED IN CONE CUM CONE CUM FLOATING ROOF TANKSFLOATING ROOF TANKS..

TO AVOID PRODUCT CONTAMINATION WITH INGRESS TO AVOID PRODUCT CONTAMINATION WITH INGRESS AIR TO AVOID POLYMERIZATION OF PRODUCT , AIR TO AVOID POLYMERIZATION OF PRODUCT , NITROGEN BLANKETING TANKSNITROGEN BLANKETING TANKS IS CONSIDERED. IS CONSIDERED.




SAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGNSAFETY FACTORS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGN VENTING : VENTING : EACH TANK IS PROVIDED WITH SUITABLE EACH TANK IS PROVIDED WITH SUITABLE

VENT. TANK VENT IS TO BE SIZED AS PER VENT. TANK VENT IS TO BE SIZED AS PER API-2000API-2000..

FOLLOWING PARAMETERS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED FOLLOWING PARAMETERS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DESIGNING VENT;WHILE DESIGNING VENT;

MAXIMUM PUMPING IN RATE OR RECEIPT RATEMAXIMUM PUMPING IN RATE OR RECEIPT RATE MAXIMUM PUMPING OUT RATE OR DISPATCH RATE MAXIMUM PUMPING OUT RATE OR DISPATCH RATE OUT BREATHING FROM THERMAL EXPANSION OF VAPORS OUT BREATHING FROM THERMAL EXPANSION OF VAPORS

CAUSED BY MAXIMUM INCREASE IN AMBIENT CAUSED BY MAXIMUM INCREASE IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.TEMPERATURE.

IN BREATHING FROM THERMAL CONTRACTION OF VAPORS IN BREATHING FROM THERMAL CONTRACTION OF VAPORS CAUSED BY MAXIMUM DECREASE IN AMBIENT CAUSED BY MAXIMUM DECREASE IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.TEMPERATURE.

OUT BREATHING RESULTING FROM FIRE EXPOSUREOUT BREATHING RESULTING FROM FIRE EXPOSURE





HOWEVER , IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE , SOME SPECIFIC HOWEVER , IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE , SOME SPECIFIC CASES , WHICH CAN CAUSE OVERPRESSURE OR VACUUM CASES , WHICH CAN CAUSE OVERPRESSURE OR VACUUM IN TANKS , ARE ALSO TO BE CONSIDERED DURING VENT IN TANKS , ARE ALSO TO BE CONSIDERED DURING VENT DESIGN. SOME OF THESE ARE EXPLAINED BELOW:DESIGN. SOME OF THESE ARE EXPLAINED BELOW:

FOR INERT GAS BLANKETED TANKS, THERE IS FOR INERT GAS BLANKETED TANKS, THERE IS POSSIBILITY OF FAILURE OF PRESSURE POSSIBILITY OF FAILURE OF PRESSURE CONTROLLER , RESULTING IN THE CONTROLLER , RESULTING IN THE OVERPRESSURE.OVERPRESSURE.

CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE OF FEED LIQUID TO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE OF FEED LIQUID TO TANK DUE TO IMPROPER COOLING IN THE UNIT TANK DUE TO IMPROPER COOLING IN THE UNIT LEADING TO OVERPRESSURE OF LEADING TO OVERPRESSURE OF THE TANK.THE TANK.

MECHANICAL FAILURE OF TANK HEATING COILMECHANICAL FAILURE OF TANK HEATING COIL





MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY POINTS:MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY POINTS: CORROSION ALLOWANCE : CORROSION CORROSION ALLOWANCE : CORROSION

ALLOWANCE SHOULD BE SPECIFIED BASED ON THE ALLOWANCE SHOULD BE SPECIFIED BASED ON THE NATURE OF PRODUCT STORED , NATURE OF PRODUCT STORED , STORAGE STORAGE TEMPERATURE, ITS IMPURITIES, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, ITS IMPURITIES, AMBIENT CONDITION.CONDITION.

EARTHLING OF TANKS : EVERY STORAGE TANK EARTHLING OF TANKS : EVERY STORAGE TANK , INCLUDING ITS ROOF AND ALL METAL CONNECTION , INCLUDING ITS ROOF AND ALL METAL CONNECTION SHOULD BE ELECTRICALLY CONTINUOUS AND SHOULD BE ELECTRICALLY CONTINUOUS AND EFFECTIVELY EARTHED.EFFECTIVELY EARTHED.

FLAME ARRESTOR : CONE ROOF TANK HAVING FLAME ARRESTOR : CONE ROOF TANK HAVING OPEN VENT , OPEN VENT , STORING CLASS “A” PETROLEUM STORING CLASS “A” PETROLEUM PRODUCT PREFERABLY BE PRODUCT PREFERABLY BE PROVIDED WITH PROVIDED WITH FLAME ARRESTOR.FLAME ARRESTOR.




SAFETY FEATURESSAFETY FEATURES

PUMP IN/OUT ARE TO BE WITHIN THE DESIGN LIMITPUMP IN/OUT ARE TO BE WITHIN THE DESIGN LIMIT

-- PRODUCT RUNDOWN TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO PRODUCT RUNDOWN TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO BE MONITORED. HIGHER TEMPERATURE RESULT BE MONITORED. HIGHER TEMPERATURE RESULT VAPOUR BEING RELEASED TO ATMOSPHERE VAPOUR BEING RELEASED TO ATMOSPHERE

CAUSING HAZARDS.CAUSING HAZARDS.

-- DURING PUMPING OUT FLOATING ROOF LEGS TO DURING PUMPING OUT FLOATING ROOF LEGS TO BE AT LOWEST POSITION (NORMAL OPERATION).BE AT LOWEST POSITION (NORMAL OPERATION).

-- BREATHER VENT SOMETIMES PROVIDED WITH BREATHER VENT SOMETIMES PROVIDED WITH FLAME ARRESTOR ARE LIKELY TO PLUGGED, FLAME ARRESTOR ARE LIKELY TO PLUGGED,

SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY MATERIALS WITH TANK SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY MATERIALS WITH TANK HEATING ARRANGEMENT.HEATING ARRANGEMENT.




SAFETY FEATURESSAFETY FEATURES

- TANKS WITH STORAGE TEMP. OF 80°C OR 140°C TANKS WITH STORAGE TEMP. OF 80°C OR 140°C SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN FOR BOIL OVER. SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN FOR BOIL OVER. SPECIALLY DURING COMMISSIONING.SPECIALLY DURING COMMISSIONING.

- STATIC ELECTRICITY IS A MAJOR HAZARD DURING STATIC ELECTRICITY IS A MAJOR HAZARD DURING INITIAL FILLING OF TANKS.INITIAL FILLING OF TANKS.

- PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES TO BE TESTED EVERY YEARPRESSURE RELIEF VALVES TO BE TESTED EVERY YEAR- TESTING & INSPECTION OF VESSEL/TANKS ONCE IN 5 TESTING & INSPECTION OF VESSEL/TANKS ONCE IN 5

YEARS.YEARS.- OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL UPDATIONOPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL UPDATION




OPERATION OF STORAGE TANKOPERATION OF STORAGE TANK

NORMAL OPERATIONNORMAL OPERATIONTHE NORMAL OPERATION REQUIRED FOR STORAGE TANKS ARE THE NORMAL OPERATION REQUIRED FOR STORAGE TANKS ARE TO RECEIVE PRODUCTS FROM PROCESS UNIT OR FROM TO RECEIVE PRODUCTS FROM PROCESS UNIT OR FROM OUTSIDE AND TRANSFER THEM FOR ONWARD PROCESSING / OUTSIDE AND TRANSFER THEM FOR ONWARD PROCESSING / DISPATCH BY PUMPS. WHILE DOING THE ROUTINE OPERATIONS , DISPATCH BY PUMPS. WHILE DOING THE ROUTINE OPERATIONS , OFFSITE OPERATING PERSONNEL SHOULD TO TAKE FOLLOWING OFFSITE OPERATING PERSONNEL SHOULD TO TAKE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS:PRECAUTIONS: WHILE RECEIVING PRODUCT IN AN EMPTY TANK, CARE WHILE RECEIVING PRODUCT IN AN EMPTY TANK, CARE

SHOULD BE TAKEN SO THAT THE FLOW VELOCITY AT THE SHOULD BE TAKEN SO THAT THE FLOW VELOCITY AT THE TANK INLET DOES NOT EXCEED 1 M/SEC UNTIL THE INLET IS TANK INLET DOES NOT EXCEED 1 M/SEC UNTIL THE INLET IS COMPLETELY SUBMERGED.COMPLETELY SUBMERGED.

ADEQUATE CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT ADEQUATE CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT AT NO TIME A TANK IS FILLED BEYOND ITS SAFE FILLING AT NO TIME A TANK IS FILLED BEYOND ITS SAFE FILLING HEIGHT. HEIGHT.

JET MIXING NOZZLE OR SIDE ENTRY MIXERS SHOULD JET MIXING NOZZLE OR SIDE ENTRY MIXERS SHOULD NOT BE USED WITH LOW LEVEL IN THE TANK. THIS MAY NOT BE USED WITH LOW LEVEL IN THE TANK. THIS MAY PRODUCE STATIC PRODUCE STATIC CHARGE IN THE TANK.CHARGE IN THE TANK.




GUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANKGUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANK

DRAIN VALVES OF THE TANKS SHOULD NEVER BE LEFT DRAIN VALVES OF THE TANKS SHOULD NEVER BE LEFT OPEN / OPEN / UNATTENDED. WHENEVER DRAINING IS TO UNATTENDED. WHENEVER DRAINING IS TO BE DONE , OPERATOR SHOULD PERSONALLY ATTENDED TO BE DONE , OPERATOR SHOULD PERSONALLY ATTENDED TO IF AND ENSURE THAT THE VALVE IS PROPERLY CLOSED IF AND ENSURE THAT THE VALVE IS PROPERLY CLOSED AFTER THE NECESSARY DRAINING IS OVER.AFTER THE NECESSARY DRAINING IS OVER.

GAUGE HATCH ON THE TANK TOP SHOULD NORMALLY BE GAUGE HATCH ON THE TANK TOP SHOULD NORMALLY BE KEPT KEPT CLOSED AS A MEASURE OF SAFETY AS WELL AS TO CLOSED AS A MEASURE OF SAFETY AS WELL AS TO AVOID ENTRY AVOID ENTRY OF RAIN WATER AND REDUCE LOSS OF OF RAIN WATER AND REDUCE LOSS OF PRODUCT DUE TO EVAPORATION.PRODUCT DUE TO EVAPORATION.

TANKS WHICH ARE PROVIDED WITH STEAM HEATING COIL TANKS WHICH ARE PROVIDED WITH STEAM HEATING COIL SHOULD BE REGULARLY CHECKED FOR CORRECT SHOULD BE REGULARLY CHECKED FOR CORRECT WORKING OF STEAM COILS AND STEAM TRAPS.WORKING OF STEAM COILS AND STEAM TRAPS.TANK WITH LOW LEVEL SHOULD NOT BE CHARGED WITH TANK WITH LOW LEVEL SHOULD NOT BE CHARGED WITH HEATING STEAM UNLESS THE STEAM COILS ARE HEATING STEAM UNLESS THE STEAM COILS ARE COMPLETELY SUBMERGED IN OIL.COMPLETELY SUBMERGED IN OIL.




GUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANKGUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANK PROPER TEMPERATURE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN PROPER TEMPERATURE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN

TANK TANK CONTAINING BLACK PRODUCT TO AVOID CONTAINING BLACK PRODUCT TO AVOID CONGEALING CONGEALING PROBLEM.PROBLEM.

FOR OPERATING FLOATING ROOF TANKS, SPECIAL FOR OPERATING FLOATING ROOF TANKS, SPECIAL CARE AS OUTLINED BELOW SHOULD BE TAKEN. CARE AS OUTLINED BELOW SHOULD BE TAKEN.

THE PONTOON/PAN SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO REST THE PONTOON/PAN SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO REST ON THEIR LEGS UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES. ON THEIR LEGS UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES.

THE LIFTING OF THE PONTOON/PAN FROM ITS RESTING THE LIFTING OF THE PONTOON/PAN FROM ITS RESTING POINT SHOULD BE DONE SLOWLY ALLOWING IT TO POINT SHOULD BE DONE SLOWLY ALLOWING IT TO FLOAT AS UNIFORMLY AS POSSIBLE. FLOAT AS UNIFORMLY AS POSSIBLE.

TRANSFER OPERATIONS TO AND FROM THE TANKS TRANSFER OPERATIONS TO AND FROM THE TANKS SHOULD NOT BE DONE IN THE CRITICAL REGION OF THE SHOULD NOT BE DONE IN THE CRITICAL REGION OF THE PONTOON/PAN (PONTOON OR PAN NOT FLOATING PONTOON/PAN (PONTOON OR PAN NOT FLOATING FULLY) AS THE OIL ACCOUNTING WILL BE ERRONEOUS. FULLY) AS THE OIL ACCOUNTING WILL BE ERRONEOUS.

IN CASE OF FLOATING ROOF TANKS, ROOF DRAIN IN CASE OF FLOATING ROOF TANKS, ROOF DRAIN SHOULD NORMALLY BE KEPT CLOSED AND SHOULD BE SHOULD NORMALLY BE KEPT CLOSED AND SHOULD BE OPENED IN CASE OF A RAIN FALL ENSURING THAT RAIN OPENED IN CASE OF A RAIN FALL ENSURING THAT RAIN WATER DOES NOT ACCUMULATE ON THE ROOF. WATER DOES NOT ACCUMULATE ON THE ROOF.




GUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANKGUIDELINES IN OPERATION WITH STORAGE TANK

FOR OPERATING THE SIDE‑ENTRY MIXERS, THE FOR OPERATING THE SIDE‑ENTRY MIXERS, THE FOLLOWING SHOULD FOLLOWING SHOULD BE CHECKED : BE CHECKED :

CHECK THAT THE MOTOR SHAFT IS REASONABLY FREE CHECK THAT THE MOTOR SHAFT IS REASONABLY FREE AND GREASING IS PROPER. AND GREASING IS PROPER.

CHECK THAT THE MOTOR SHAFT COUPLING IS CHECK THAT THE MOTOR SHAFT COUPLING IS PROPERLY SECURED AND COUPLING‑GUARD IS IN PROPERLY SECURED AND COUPLING‑GUARD IS IN POSITION. POSITION.

ENERGIZE THE MOTOR AND CHECK THAT THE ENERGIZE THE MOTOR AND CHECK THAT THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION IS ALL RIGHT. DIRECTION OF ROTATION IS ALL RIGHT.

FLUSH AND RENEW OIL IN THE GEAR BOX. FLUSH AND RENEW OIL IN THE GEAR BOX. CHECK THAT OIL LEVEL IN THE TANK IS SUFFICIENT FOR CHECK THAT OIL LEVEL IN THE TANK IS SUFFICIENT FOR

OPERATION OF THE SIDE‑ENTRY MIXER. RUN THE OPERATION OF THE SIDE‑ENTRY MIXER. RUN THE MIXER. MIXER.

CHECK FOR UNUSUAL NOISE, VIBRATIONS AND RISE OF CHECK FOR UNUSUAL NOISE, VIBRATIONS AND RISE OF TEMPERATURE IN THE GEAR BOX AND MOTOR TEMPERATURE IN THE GEAR BOX AND MOTOR BEARINGS. BEARINGS.

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Piping and Tank Design