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3
GAS SCRUBBERS ON THE SUCTION SIDE
The function of gas scrubber is to remove any liquid droplets or solid particles from the gas before it enter the compressor
AUGUST 2014
GAS SCRUBBER
1. Scrubbers should be placed on all suction lines
2. These vessels should be equipped with a separating element to
remove liquid
3. Scrubbers should be equipped with:
Gauge level glass
Automatic drain system
Shut down device to shut the compressor down on high liquid
level
4AUGUST 2014
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR APPLICATIONS
Advantages of centrifugal compressors:
1. They have fewer rubbing parts
2. Relatively energy efficient
3. High flow rate
4. Continue flow, no pressure pulsation
Applications:
Gas transportation pipelines
10AUGUST 2014
COMPRESSOR SELECTION
The main parameters involved in compressor selection
1. Final discharge pressure
2. Flow rate
3. Vibration level & noise
4. Lubrication
5. Compressor valve design
6. Control system
7. Initial cost & running cost
11AUGUST 2014
PUMPING STATION
Components of pumping station
1. Suction and discharge headers
2. Pumps- could be centrifugal pump or plunger pump
3. Valves (throttling, isolation, non-return and safety)
4. Pressure pulsation dampeners (plunger pump)
5. Receiving tanks
6. Metering station
7. Instrument air system
8. Strainers (duplex strainers & temporary strainers)
12AUGUST 2014
WATER HAMMERING
What is water hammering?
It is a pressure wave caused by the kinetic energy of a fluid in
motion when it is forced to stop or change direction suddenly.
What is the effect of water hammering?
It will cause pressure wave which could cause pipeline to break if
the pressure is high enough.
13AUGUST 2014
WATER HAMMERING
Possible causes of water hammering:
1. Unexpected(emergency) switching-off of the power supply.
This will cause sudden check valve closure
2. Sudden valve closure. To avoid quick valve closure use valve
actuator which make the operation of the valve very slow
14AUGUST 2014
WATER HAMMERING
How can we reduce the effect of water hammering?
1. Low fluid velocities, the fluid velocity should be less than 1.5 meter/ second
2. Slow closing valves
3. High pipeline pressure rating (expensive)
4. Good pipeline operation control (start up and shut-down procedures for the
pumps)
5. Water towers
6. Air vessels
7. UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
8. Pumping station bypass
15
FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO WATER HAMMER
1. Improperly sized piping in relation to water flow velocity
2. High water pressure with no pressure reducing valve
3. Straight runs that are too long without bends
4. Poor strapping of piping system to structure
5. No dampening system in place to reduce or absorb
shockwaves
16AUGUST 2014