“Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat,” by Charles J. Sullivan

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  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    1/9

    XBO LG_ZMED GA OMOZKP

    EMH HOQODG^IOMX

    Fbezdov L- Vudd`qem$

    `~od`mo ^gd`x`fv `m xbo ^gvx)Vgq`ox V~efo55

  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    2/9

    ^@^OD@MO ^GD@X@FV @M XBO ^GVX)VGQ@OX V^EFO>1$ Xzciom`vxem voocv xg dovvom Zvv`ev omozkp kz`~

    gqoz Fomxzed Ev`e jp j`dh`mk kev ~`~od`mov gmxg Ev`e emh Ozg~o- Zodex`gmv jo

    x{oom Igvfg{ emh Evbkejex beqo vgzoh ev e zovdx ga ^zov`homx Kzjemkdp

    Jozhpibeiiohgqv oaagzxv xg azxboz h`qozv`ap b`v fgmxzpv or~gzxex`gm zgxov-

    Pox `m {b`fb h`zofx`gm `v Xzciom`vxem igvx d`codp xg xzemv~gzx xbo jdc ga `xv kev

    zovozqov `m xbo axzo7 ^zoh`fxejdp$ `x e~~oezv ev `a Xzciom`vxem {`dd fgmx`mo xg

    ombemfo `xv fgiiozf`ed x`ov {`xb Fb`me `m xbo bg~ov xbex hg`mk vg {`dd doeh xg xbo

    ovxejd`vbiomx ga e hzejdo ~ezxmozvb`~- Xbex ve`h$ edxbgkb Evbkejex voocv xg `mvx`xxo fgiiozf`ed x`ov {`xb e qez`oxp ga gxboz Ozg~oem emh Ev`em fgmxz`ov$ e voz`ov

    ga fbeddomkov bei~ozv zoed`|ex`gmv `m xbo vbgzx zm- Azxbozigzo$ `x `v `i~gzxemx xg

    mgxo xbex `a Xzciom`vxem xzdp voocv xg jofgio e zod`ejdo [ovxozm jv`movv ~ezxmoz$

    xbom Jozhpibeiiohgq {`dd beqo xg zovxzfxzo xbo ofgmgi`f ~dep`mk a`odh {`xb`m

    b`v fgmxzp jp ioemv ga `mvx`xx`mk e voz`ov ga zoagziv `m gzhoz xg exxzefx agzo`km

    jv`movv `mqovxiomx- @x zoie`mv hgjxad xbex Xzciom`vxem {`dd vffooh `m fdx`

    qex`mk vxzgmk x`ov {`xb xbo [ovx jofevo xbo zd`mk Xzciom od`xo beqo mgx vbg{m

    ,Fbezdov L- Vdd`qem `v e ^b-H- femh`hexo `m ~gd x`fed vf`omfo ex Xbo Kogzko [evb`mkxgm

    _m`qozv`xp- E Kzehexo Vxhomx Aoddg{ ex xbex m`qozv`xpv @mvx`xxo agz Ozg~oem$ Zvv`em$ emh

    Ozev`em Vxh`ov$ xbo exbgz v~of`ed`|ov `m xbo fgmxz ov ga xbo agzioz Vgq`ox _m`gm emh bev

    ~jd`vboh ezx`fdov `m xbo Lguzmed ga Fomxzed Ev`em Vxuh`ov emh xbo [evb`mkxgm Zoq`o{ ga Xuzc`vb !

    Ouzev`em Eaae`zv$ ev {odd ev {z`xxom e fgmxz`jxgzp fbe~xoz$ Hoed`mk {`xb Hov~gx`f Zok`iov< _-V-

    Fomxzed Ev`em Zodex`gmv `m xbo ^gvx0'55 Oze$ agz xbo agzxbfgi`mk qgdio Xbo Bemhjggc ga Fomxzed

    Ev`em ^gd`x`fv-

    Xbo Lguzmed ga Omozkp emh Hoqodg~iomx$ Qgd- 68$ Mgv- 5 emh :

    Fg~pz`kbx :>55 jp xbo @mxozmex`gmed Zovoezfb Fomxoz agz Omozkp emh Ofgmgi`f Hoqodg~iomx"@FOOH)- Edd z`kbxv zovozqoh-

    5:5

  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    3/9

    emp `mfd`mex`gm xg oijzefo ioem`mkad ofgmgi`f zoagzi- Xbv$ hov~`xo Xzciom

    `vxemv zomo{oh `mxozovxv `m xbo Oevx emh [ovx$ `x e~~oezv xbex Evbkejex iep jo

    fgmxomx `m vxep`mk `vgdexoh azgi xbo hoqodg~oh {gzdh agz xbo moez xozi-

    E Xedo ga X{g Xuzciom

    @m dexo :>>1$ Xzciom`vxemv ^zov`homxagzD`ao Ve~ezizex Exepoq`fb M`pe

    |gq ~evvoh e{ep- Ev `x xzmv gx$ v`mfo M`pe|gq "{bg zdoh gqoz ~gvxVgq`ox

    Xzciom`vxem agz xbo devx x{g hofehov ga b`v d`ao) beh mgx hov`kmexoh e vffovvgz

    ~z`gz xg b`v hoexb$ gjvozqozv jokem xg {gmhoz {boxboz xbo Xzciom vxexo {gdh jo

    ejdo xg zoie`m e q`ejdo kgqozm`mk omx`xp {`xbgx `xv vdxem`vx`f zdoz ex xbo bodi-

    Gqoz xbo fgzvo ga xbo morx ao{ hepv$ xbo zd`mk Xzciom od`xo gzfbovxzexoh

    e viggxb bemhgqoz ga ~g{oz jp vodofx`mk Kzjemkdp Jozhpibeiiohgq xg efx

    ev M`pe|gqv vffovvgz- @m Aojzezp ga :>>;$ Xzciom`vxem bodh `xv vofgmh

    ~zov`homx`ed odofx`gm v`mfo ke`m`mk `mho~omhomfo eaxoz xbo fgdde~vo ga xbo Vgq`ox

    _m`gm- _mvz~z`v`mkdp$ Jozhpibeiiohgq {ev hofdezoh xbo odofxgzed {`mmoz-5

    Hz`mk M`pe|gqv zo`km$ xbo vodavxpdoh Xzciomjevb` agzfoh b`v fgmxzp

    `mxg `vgdex`gm jp `mb`j`x mk agzo`kmozv omxzp `mxg Xzciom`vxem$ zovxz`fx`mk ioh`e

    gxdoxv$ fzj`mk f`x`|om i`kzex`gm$ agvxoz`mk e ~ozvgmed`xp fdx$ emh ehboz`mk xg

    e agzo`km ~gd`fp ga ~gv`x`qo moxzed xp-: M`pe|gq edvg vgkbx xg or~gzx b`v

    fgmxzpv qevx kev zovozqov jp fgmxzefx`mk {`xb omozkp fgz~gzex`gmv xg ~ezx`f`~exo `mxbo fgmvxzfx`gm ga ~`~od`mov- Ev e fevo `m ~g`mx$ `m xbo i`h500>v M`pe|gq v`kmoh

    e fgmxzefx {`xb _mgfed "e mg{ hoamfx _-V- fgi~emp xbex iozkoh {`xb Fboqzgm)$

    vx`~dex`mk xbex Xzciom`vxem {gdh v~~dp kev zovozqov xg jo xzemv~gzxoh edgmk xbo

    ~zglofxoh Xzciom`vxemEakbem`vxem^ec`vxem@mh`e "XE^@) ~`~od`mo- Pox$ fgm

    vxzfx gm jdo~z`mxv agz xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo dx`iexodp {ozo vbodqoh `m xbo dexo 500>v

    ho xg xbo gmkg`mk f`q`d {ez `m Eakbem`vxem-6 Bg{oqoz$ vbgzxdp joagzo b`v hoexb$

    M`pe|gq h`h vffooh `m jzgcoz`mk e azeio{gzc ekzooiomx `m :>>1 {`xb Fb`me

    fgmfozm`mk xbo fgmvxzfx`gm ga e ~`~od`mo vxzoxfb`mk efzgvv Fomxzed Ev`e-8

    Adevb`mk agz{ezh$ edxbgkb ^zov`homx Jozhpibeiiohgq bev zoaze`moh azgid`jozed`|`mk xbo ~gd`x`fed v~bozo$ xbo mo{ Xzciom doehoz vg aez bev vgkbx xg

    azxboz h`qozv`ap Xzciom`vxemv kev or~gzxex`gm zgxov- V`mfo evvi`mk gaa`fo$ xbo

    Xzciom ^zov`homx bev xz`oh xg fgmq`mfo xbo {gzdh ex dezko xbex bo voocv xg vxooz

    Xzciom`vxem `m e mo{ h`zofx`gm jp fbezx`mk em `mmgqex`qo fgzvo xbex h`aaozv azgi

    b`v ~zohofovvgzv ~exb- @m :>5>$ Xzciom`vxem or~gzxv `xv kev xbzgkb voqozed

    ~`~od`mov xbex fgmmofx xg Zvv`e "jp {ep ga xbo Fomxzed Ev`emFomxoz ~`~od`mo

    vpvxoi emh xbo Fev~`em Fgevxed ~`~od`mo)$ Fb`me "jp {ep ga xbo Fomxzed Ev`eFb`me

    ~`~od`mo)$ emh @zem "jp {ep ga xbo Cgz~oloCgzhcp emh HedoxejehVezecbv

    Cbemk`zem ~`~od`mov)-?

    @m ehh`x`gm$ jp v`km`mk em ekzooiomx `m :>>; {`xb xbomZvv`em ^zov`homx Qdeh`i`z ^x`m emh Ce|ecb ^zov`homx Mzvdxem Me|ezjepoq

    fgmfozm`mk xbo hod`qozp ga kev zovozqov xbzgkb xbo ^z`Fev~`em ~`~od`mo "fzzomxdp

    XBO LG_ZMED GA OMOZKP EMH HOQODG^IOMX5::

  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    4/9

    vx`dd `m xbo ~demm`mk ~bevo) emh zoq`q`mk `mxozovxv `m xbo XzemvFev~`em ~`~od`mo emh

    XE^@ ~`~od`mo ~zglofxv$ Jozhpibeiiohgq vgkbx xg azxboz h`qozv`ap kev or

    ~gzxv- A`meddp$ xbo mo{ Xzciom doehoz bev ~jd`fdp vxexoh xbex bo voocv xg zovgdqo

    xbo dgmkvxemh`mk h`v~xo jox{oom Evbkejex emh Jec gqoz hz`dd`mk z`kbxv xg g`d

    emh kev a`odhv dgfexoh edgmk xbo Fev~`em voejoh- Fdoezdp$ Xzciom`vxem vxemhv xgjomoa`x azgi xbovo ~zglofxv jofevo Evbkejex {`dd jo ejdo xg or~gzx igzo ga `xv kev

    zovozqov-1

    E Zu~xuzo `m Zodex`gmv

    @m oezdp :>>;$ Igvfg{ vgkbx xg fgzx xbo mo{ Xzciom doehoz jofevo Zvv`e

    q`o{oh Xzciom`vxem ev e vxzexok`f omozkp ~ezxmoz ex xbo x`io- Eaxoz edd$ ~z`gz xg

    E~z`d :>>0 Zvv`e {ev `i~gzx`mk 8: xg 8? j`dd`gm fj`f ioxozv "jfi) ga kev azgi

    Xzciom`vxem gm em emmed jev`v xg v~~dp Ke|~zgiv Ozg~oem iezcoxv- Pox `m

    xbo oezdp igzm`mk bgzv ga E~z`d 0$ :>>0$ zodex`gmv jox{oom Evbkejex emh Igvfg{

    xggc e xzm agz xbo {gzvo eaxoz em or~dgv`gm gffzzoh edgmk xbo Heqdoxjex

    Hez`pedpc ~`~od`mo$ zovdx`mk `m e vxg~~eko ga kev or~gzxv xg Zvv`e- Ev ga :>5>$ `x

    zoie`mv mcmg{m ev xg {bg gz {bex {ev efxeddp zov~gmv`jdo agz fev`mk xbo

    `mf`homx- Jgxb v`hov {ozo u`fc xg jdeio oefb gxboz agz xbo z~xzo$ {`xb Evbkejex

    eddok`mk xbex Ke|~zgi zohfoh xbo kev `mxeco adg{ {`xbgx {ezm`mk Xzciom

    gaa`f`edv emh Igvfg{ f`x`mk e hofzo~`x Vgq`oxoze ~`~od`mo g~ozex`mk vpvxoi ev xbo

    zoevgm job`mh xbo kev or~dgv`gm-

    ;

    @m xbo omv`mk aeddgx$ Jozhpibeiiohgq vxmmoh Igvfg{ jp ~gvx~gm`mk xbo

    v`km`mk ga e fgmxzefx {`xb Zvv`e gqoz xbo fgmvxzfx`gm ga xbo Oevx[ovx ~`~od`mo-

    Xbozoeaxoz$ xbo mo{ Xzciom doehoz xzeqodoh xg Jdkez`e emh Xzcop xg h`vfvv xbo

    fzzomx vxexv ga xbo Mejffg ~`~od`mo ~zglofx-2 @a `x `v j`dx$ xbo Mejffg ~`~od`mo

    {gdh kzoexdp dovvom Zvv`ev omozkp kz`~ gqoz xbo agzioz Vgq`ox _m`gm "AV_)

    zok`gm jp vozq`mk ev em edxozmex`qo omozkp v~~dp fgzz`hgz xg Ozg~oem iezcoxv-

    A`meddp$ eaxoz e az`xdovv ioox`mk `m Vo~xoijoz :>>0$ Zvv`em ^zov`homx Hi`xz`

    Iohqohoq q`v`xoh Xzciom`vxem `m Lemezp :>5> xg fgmaoz {`xb Jozhpi

    beiiohgq `m e vbg{ ga kggh{`dd eaxoz em ekzooiomx beh joom zoefboh gqoz xbozovi~x`gm ga Xzciom kev or~gzxv xg Zvv`e- _mhoz xbo xoziv ga xb`v mo{ fgm

    xzefxed ekzooiomx$ Zvv`e {`dd `i~gzx ~ xg 6> jfi ga Xzciom mexzed kev "e

    fgmv`hozejdo hofzoevo azgi ~zoq`gv poezv) `a Igvfg{ aoodv `mfd`moh xg hg vg-

    V`mfo xbo zovi~x`gm ga xzeh`mk$ `x `v ovx`iexoh xbex Xzciom`vxem dgvx moezdp (5

    j`dd`gm ~oz igmxb `m zoqomov ho xg xbo h`vz~x`gm `m `xv kev v~~d`ov xg Zvv`e$

    {b`fb devxoh xbzgkbgx xbo zoie`mhoz ga :>>0-0

    ^`~o Hzoeiv

    Ev xbo hofeho ga xbo :>5>v g~omv$ Zvv`e voocv xg efu`zo e moezigmg~gdp

    gqoz xbo orxzefx`gm emh xzemv~gzxex`gm ga edd cmg{m kev zovozqov `m Fomxzed Ev`e-

    ^@^OD@MO ^GD@X@FV< X_ZCIOM@VXEM 5:6

  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    5/9

    Ifb xg Igvfg{v h`viep$ bg{oqoz$ Fomxzed Ev`ev xbzoo ie`m kev ~zghfozv

    "Ce|ecbvxem$ Xzciom`vxem$ emh _|joc`vxem) edd omkeko `m idx qofxgz`vi$

    edjo`x `m qezp`mk hokzoov-5> [`xb zov~ofx xg xb`v fgmfo~x$ idx`qofxgz`vi `v

    e vxzexokp xbex `v hov`kmoh xg eddoq`exo e fgmxzpv ofgmgi`f emh'gz ~gd`x`fed ho

    ~omhomfp gm emp gmo Kzoex ^g{oz jp oaaofx`qodp jedemf`mk xbo fgi~ox`mk omozkp`mxozovxv ga z`qed Kzoex ^g{ozv- [`xb zov~ofx xg Xzciom`vxem$ Jozhpibeiio

    hgq vooiv xg beqo ievxozoh xbo idx`qofxgz ighod emh `v mg{ zoe~`mk xbo jomoa xv-

    Vx`dd$ `x `v `i~gzxemx xg mgxo xbex edxbgkb xbozo `v ifb fevo agz fodojzex`gm {`xb

    xbo zofomx `mekzex`gm ga xbo Fomxzed Ev`eFb`me ~`~od`mo$ Evbkejex {`dd moqoz

    xbodovv fgmx`mo xg zoie`m a`zidp x`oh xg Igvfg{ gx ga ofgmgi`f mofovv`xp$

    ie`mdp jofevo xbo zoie`m`mk h`zofx`gmed ~exb{epv "`-o-$ {ovx{ezh xg{ezhv

    Ozg~o emh vgxb{ezhv xg{ezhv @mh`e) ezo azekbx {`xb fbeddomkov-

    Xzciom`vxemv x{g igvx ~zgi`v`mk g~x`gmv agz azxboz h`qozv`ap`mk `xv kev

    or~gzxex`gm zgxov d`o xg xbo {ovx {`xb xbo Mejffg ~`~od`mo emh xg xbo vgxb {`xb

    xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo- [`xb zov~ofx xg xbo Mejffg ~zglofx$ `x `v ovx`iexoh xbex xb`v

    :$>>> i`do ~`~od`mo "{b`fb `v vdexoh xg fgiiomfo `m oevxozm Xzcop$ xzemvqozvo

    efzgvv Jdkez`e$ Zgiem`e$ emh Bmkezp$ emh xozi`mexo `m Evxz`e) {`dd fezzp ~ xg

    65 jfi ga kev azgi xbo Fev~`em zok`gm gmxg Ozg~o-55Mgmoxbodovv$ hov~`xo xbo aefx

    xbex xbo Mejffg ~`~od`mo jgevxv xbo v~~gzx ga e qez`oxp ga [ovxozm fgmxz`ov emh

    xbzoo `mxozmex`gmed a`memf`ed `mvx`xx`gmv "`-o-$ xbo Ozg~oem @mqovxiomx Jemc$

    Ozg~oem Jemc agz Zofgmvxzfx`gm emh Hoqodg~iomx$ emh @mxozmex`gmed A`memf`ed

    Fgz~gzex`gm)

    5:

    beqo ~jd`fdp vxexoh xbex xbop `mxomh xg a`memfo xbo ~zglofx$ Zvv`efdoezdp hgov mgx v~~gzx xb`v `m`x`ex`qo- Ev mgxoh oezd`oz$ xb`v ezx`fdo ~gv`xv xbex

    Zvv`e voocv xg efu`zo e moezigmg~gdp gqoz xbo orxzefx`gm emh xzemv~gzxex`gm ga

    edd cmg{m kev zovozqov `m Fomxzed Ev`e- @m hg`mk vg$ Zvv`e ev~`zov xg zoxe`m `xv

    vxexv ev xbo ~z`mf`~ed kev v~~d`oz xg Ozg~o- @m zov~gmvo$ Zvv`e bev gaaozoh xg

    j`dh x{g ~`~od`mov "Mgzh Vxzoei efzgvv xbo Jedx`f Voe gmxg Koziemp emh Vgxb

    Vxzoei efzgvv xbo Jdefc Voe gmxg Jdkez`e) xg vex`vap Ozg~oem omozkp hoiemhv-

    Igzogqoz$ `x `v `i~gzxemx xg zofedd xbex xbo veaoxp ga xbo JecXj`d`v`Fopbem

    ~`~od`mo {ev feddoh `mxg uovx`gm {bom Zvv`e fzgvvoh gqoz `mxg mo`kbjgz`mk

    Kogzk`e hz`mk xbo :>>2 Zvv`eKogzk`e [ez- Xbv$ xbo ~gvv`j`d`xp or`vxv xbexIgvfg{ fgdh zovgzx xg xbo vo ga agzfo `m em oaagzx xg zoxe`m `xv omozkp bokoigmp

    gqoz Ozg~o- Ev ga :>5>$ or~ozxv fde`i xbex xbo Mejffg ~`~od`mo {`dd mgx jofgio

    addp g~ozex`gmed mx`d ev dexo ev :>:>-56

    Odvo{bozo$ gm Hofoijoz 55$ :>5>$ xbo Eakbem$ ^ec`vxem`$ emh Xzciom boehv

    ga vxexo$ edgmk {`xb @mh`ev I`m`vxoz ga ^oxzgdoi emh Mexzed Kev$ v`kmoh e lg`mx

    ekzooiomx `m Evbkejex xg j`dh xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo- Xbo 5$12>c`dgioxoz ~zglofx `v

    vdexoh agz fgi~dox`gm `m :>58- Gm ~e~oz$ xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo {`dd jok`m `m vgxbozm

    Xzciom`vxem$ vmeco efzgvv {ovxozm Eakbem`vxem emh mo`kbjgz`mk ^ec`vxem$ emh

    omh moez xbo @mh`e^ec`vxem jgzhoz- _magzxmexodp$ e qez`oxp ga mzovgdqoh dgk`vx`fed emh ~gd`x`fed ~zgjdoiv {`dd fgmx`mo xg gjvxzfx xbo zoed`|ex`gm ga xb`v lg`mx

    ekzooiomx agz {bex dggcv d`co iemp poezv xg fgio- Igvx mgxejdp$ edxbgkb xbo

    XBO LG_ZMED GA OMOZKP EMH HOQODG^IOMX5:8

  • 8/7/2019 Pipeline Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: The View from Ashgabat, by Charles J. Sullivan

    6/9

    Ev`e Hoqodg~iomx Jemc bev k`qom `xv vxei~ ga e~~zgqed$ mg jv`movv fgmvgzx`i

    bev ~zgq`hoh emp a`memf`ed jefc`mk agz xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo- Azxbozigzo$ `x zoie`mv

    xg jo voom bg{ xbo eagzoiomx`gmoh kgqozmiomxv ~dem xg omvzo xbo XE^@ ~`~o

    d`mov vofzo g~ozex`gm ev `x `v ~zglofxoh xg xzemvqozvo xbzgkb xbo bgiodemh ga xbo

    Xed`jem "Cemhebez ~zgq`mfo) `m Eakbem`vxem ev {odd ev xbo mozqo fomxoz ga xboXed`jemEdUeohe `mvzkomfp "Jedfb`vxem ~zgq`mfo) `m ^ec`vxem xghep-58 Fgm

    vouomxdp$ xbo axzo ga xbo XE^@ ~`~od`mo zoie`mv qozp ifb mhof`hoh ex xbo

    igiomx-

    V~domh`h @vgdex`gm

    @m vi$ e qez`oxp ga gjvxefdov {`dd fgmx`mo xg b`mhoz Xzciom`vxemv oaagzxv xg

    azxboz h`qozv`ap `xv kev or~gzxex`gm zgxov agz {odd `mxg xbo agzovooejdo axzo- @m

    xzm$ xbo fgmxzp xbv {`dd zoie`m ho~omhomx gm Zvv`e gx ga vbooz ofgmgi`f

    mofovv`xp agz vgio x`io- Xg eqg`h vfb em gxfgio$ bg{oqoz$ Evbkejex fgdh

    fbggvo xg oijzefo xbo [ovx- Pox vbgdh xbo Xzciom kgqozmiomx fbggvo xg xzm

    {ovx{ezh$ xbom Jozhpibeiiohgq {`dd beqo xg `m`x`exo e jzoec {`xb b`v fgmxzpv

    `vgdex`gm`vx ~evx emh kzeheddp xzemvagzi Xzciom`vxem `mxg e zod`ejdo jv`movv

    ~ezxmoz- @m gzhoz xg hg vg$ xbo mo{ Xzciom doehoz {`dd beqo xg zovxzfxzo xbo

    ofgmgi`f ~dep`mk a`odh q`e `mvx`xx`mk e voz`ov ga zoagziv "o-k-$ zov~ofx`mk ~zg~ozxp

    z`kbxv$ v`i~d ap`mk xbo jzoefzefp$ fgijex`mk fgzz~x`gm$ emh omagzf`mk xbo zdoga de{) xg exxzefx agzo`km jv`movv `mqovxiomx- Xbex ve`h$ `x zoie`mv xg jo voom ev xg

    {boxboz Jozhpibeiiohgq emh xbo zd`mk od`xo q`o{ zoagzi ev e xg~ ~z`gz`xp-5?

    Ev :>55 g~omv$ xbo Xzciom kgqozmiomx bev mgx mhozxecom emp v`km`a`femx zo

    agziv xg exxzefx agzo`km jv`movv `mqovxiomx$ {b`do xbo ofgmgip zoie`mv boeq`dp

    zokdexoh jp xbo vxexo- @x xbv vooiv ev `a Xzciom`vxem ~zoaozv `vgdex`gm gqoz

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    ^@^OD@MO ^GD@X@FV< X_ZCIOM@VXEM 5:?

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    Xzciom`vxem vbgdh jo ejdo xg ioox edd ga `xv fvxgiozv hoiemhv `m xbo oqomx

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    xrWxxmo{vSempWgaWxboW{gzhvY9xzciom`vxem!xrWxxmo{vS~g`mxozY96!xrWxxmo{vSxxWmo{vY968228!xrWxxmo{v

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    ^@^OD@MO ^GD@X@FV< X_ZCIOM@VXEM 5:;

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    x`gm$ Aojzezp 2$ :>55$ eqe`dejdo ex bxx~5>$ eqe`dejdo ex bxx~