Pioneer Girl 495O

Genre: NonfictionThe true story of the McCance

family homesteaders.Selection Summary:

Grace McCance and her family face the harsh reality of being

homesteaders on the Nebraska prairie in the 1880’s.

Background 496A

Remember this theme is about people who lived a long time ago, when settlers were establishing homes on the plains.

We’re about to read about a family that settled in Nebraska.

Does anyone know anything about life on the frontier long ago?

Read “Claiming the Land” 496-497

Background 496A

Let’s discuss these key vocabulary

pioneerhomesteaders

prairieimmigrants

fertilediscouraged

sod

Vocabulary 497A PB 293

claim: a piece of land claimed by a settler

convinced: caused to believediscouraged: in low spirits and without hope

heifer: a young cowfertile: rich in material needed to grow plants

Vocabulary 497A homestead: a farmhouse, its buildings, and the land it sits on

immigrants: people who leave their native country to settle in another country

prairie: a large area of flat or rolling grassland

sod: a chunk of grassy soil held together by matted roots

Vocabulary Linkdisputes: arguments or quarrelsgrazed: put animals out to feed on

growing grassrange: a wide area of open land where

animals can wandercontent: happy with how things arebarbed wire: long metal strands with

sharp hooks that are used on fences

Phonics/Decoding Skills 497A

What are our Phonics/Decoding skills?

They are chunking, words we know, beginning and endings, affixes, syllables, try different vowel sounds, base words or root words, blending, look carefully

Phonics/Decoding Skills 497A

Poppie hunted for roof boards that had blown away and set to work rebuilding the roof.

Help me figure out this word.Use your phonics/decoding skills

Decoding

Reading Strategy 497B

Question As you read about a pioneer

family in the 1880’s, think of questions that you can ask your classmates about details of their

life.By asking yourself questions about characters and events can

help you better understand.

Comprehension Skill497C

Question Trans 5-10 PB 294

What is a K-W-L chart?

Comp Skill- Comparing Information from More Than One Source

It is good to use more than one source when researching a topic.

Reasons are: varied info, more info, and you will be able to compare for accuracy.

1. accuracy: who is the author and is he qualified?2. completeness: is it general or specific

information? 3. Timeliness: how recent is the info? 4. Bias: what is the author’s purpose? Is it full of

opinions or one sided?

Comp Skill- Propaganda 501

Propaganda is information or ideas used to influence how others think. These are the ways to influence others.

overgeneralization: Makes general statements based on only a few facts.

testimonial: Uses a celebrity or an expert to make a statement supporting a product.

Comp Skill- Propaganda (cont) 501

bandwagon: Persuades consumers to do something because “everyone else” is doing it.

flattery: making customers feel “smart” transfer: Associates a person with a product so that consumers will transfer their admiration for the person to the product.

faulty cause and effect: Says consumers will be happier simply as a result of using the product.

Decoding Longer Words 519E PB 298

Stressed and Unstressed SyllablesThe new farm brought both adventures and hardships.

A syllable is a word part that has one vowel sound.

Words with more than one syllable, one of the syllable has the most stress, or emphasis.

In this word ad VEN turesLet’s practice on these words remarkable,

ancestor, cabbage, certificate,

Stressed and Unstressed Syllables

Say it several timesClap to see where syllables

are Many times it is the first

syllableUse a dictionary, the one that is bolded is the stressed

Phonics 519F

Word Beginnings a-, be-Recognizing the sounds that the letter a and the letters be can stand for at the beginning of words can help you decode new words.

When a letter a stands alone as a separate syllable at the beginning of a word, it usually stands for the schwa sound

When the letters be stand alone as a separate syllable at the beginning of a word, they usually stand for /bi/

Phonics 519F (cont)

Word Beginnings a-, be-She had sent along jackets, dresses, and petticoats she did not want anymore.

Help me figure out this word using our Phonics/Decoding strategies.

Help me decode these words:The fields were ablaze.They arrived before you did.Don’t go there alone.

Spelling 519G

Unstressed Syllables PB 299

When you see new words of more than one syllable, note the spelling

of any unclear vowel sounds in unstressed syllables.

Ex. dozen, distance, destroy – the underlined vowels are unstressed and are not always spelled the way they sound.

Spelling 519G (cont)

Unstressed Syllables PB 299

Find the unstressed syllables in these words: voyage, native, notice

The final /ij/, /iv/, /is/ are spelled /age/, /ive/, and /ice/, these occur in unstressed syllables.

knowledgeThe edge pattern is a less common spelling for the final /ij/ sounds.

Vocabulary 519G

Synonyms PB 300 What are synonyms?

Synonyms are words that mean the same or almost the same.

Tell me the synonyms for these word:journeyanswerprisonerfairnesstwelveprohibit

Vocabulary Skills 519I

Dictionary: Suffixes PB 302 The darkness, black and thick as velvet,

was ripped apart by a terrible blue flash of lightning.

What does dark mean? If you come across a word like this that

they recognize the base word but not the suffix attached to it, you may be able to figure out the word’s meaning by looking up the meaning of the suffix in the dictionary.

Dictionaries list suffixes in ABC order

Vocabulary Skills 519I PB 302 Dictionary: Suffixes (cont)

-ful (“full of” or “characterized by”)-less (“without”)-ly (“in a specified manner” or “have the

characteristics of”)-ment (“act, action, or process” or “state of being

acted upon”)-ion (“action or process” or “results of an action or

process”)ness – condition or quality

Suffixes

Suffixes areword parts added to basewords or wordroots that willchange the meaning of the word.

Grammar Skills 519K

Possessive Pronouns Trans 5-13 PB 303

A possessive pronoun shows ownership.

my, your, his, her, its, our, and their appear before nouns that are subjects.

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs stand alone and replace nouns in a sentence.

Grammar Skills 519K

Contractions with Pronouns Trans 5-14 PB 304

A contraction is a shortened form of two words.

You can combine pronouns with the verbs am, is, are, will, would, have, has, and had to form contractions.

Use an apostrophe in place of the dropped letter or letters.

InferenceInference

worksheetReading Standard – 2.3Inference means what

conclusion can you come up with after reading a passage.

Use story clues to figure out something the author doesn’t tell you.

Read between the lines.

Main IdeasMain Idea worksheetMain Idea worksheet

Reading Standard 2.3 – ALS

Main Ideas – What is the main point of the passage or paragraph.

What is the topic of the paragraph

Theme Theme worksheet Reading Standard 2.3 – ALS

Main Ideas – What is the main point of the passage or paragraph.

What is the topic of the paragraph

Improving Your Writing 519L PB

305

Using its and it’sA good writer is careful not to confuse the possessive pronoun

its with the contraction it’s. Its my belief that a cow uses it’s tail to swish away flies.

Corrected: It’s my belief that a cow uses its tail to swish away flies.

Combining Sentences with Pronouns 519N Trans 5-16 PB 307

A good way to streamline writing is to combine short, choppy sentences that have repeated pronouns or nouns into one sentence.

Spiral Review 519Q

Fact and Opinion A fact is a statement that can be proved true or

false. Facts can usually be checked in a reference source.

An opinion is a judgment cannot be proved true or false. It often contains clue words such as

probably, think, believe, should, feel, and best.Tell me if these are facts or opinions:Millions of years ago, glaciers covered the land.Lightning on the prairie can be terrifying.The house was a “sorry-looking mess.”They found half of the marriage certificate.

Spiral Review 519R

Suffixes-ous (“full of”)

-ward (“in the direction of”)

-ive (“inclined to”)-ic (“relating to”)-ed (“past tense”)

-ing (“continuous action”)

Spiral Review 519R

Suffixes

-ly (“forms and adverb from an adjective”)

-ness (“state or quality of”)-ment (“state or quality of”)

-ful (“full of”)-less (“without”)

Suffixes

Suffixes areword parts added to basewords or wordroots that willchange the meaning of the word

Spelling Test1. dozen2. voyage3. forbid4. native5. language6. destroy7. notice8. distance9. carrot10. knowledge

11. captive12. spinach13. solid14. justice15. ashamed16. program17. message18. respond19. service20. relative

Challenge Words

adaptdiscouragecooperativeapprentice

somber

Study Guide