Pinyin Dictionary m to e a5c1

© B. J. Burford and E. J. Burford 2005 www.jaspell.co.uk 28 July 2005

Pinyin Mandarin Preliminary Course

Dictionary for Theocratic UseMandarin to English

a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z

Notes1 The list of Pinyin words is arranged in Roman (English) alphabetical

order for each letter, irrespective of groupings that respresentChinese syllables or their order in Chinese Hanzi writing based onradical and character indices.

However, where two words are the same in Pinyin, they have beenlisted in most cases in the order of their Chinese Hanzi characters.

2 Consonants are listed in English alphabetical order: b, c, d, etc.3 Vowels are ordered in English alphabetical order, and these have

been arranged further according to Mandarin Chinese tones: å, æ, ç, è, a, é, ê, ë, ì, e, í, î, ï, ð, i, ñ, ò, ó, ô, o, õ, ö, ø, ù, u, û, ü, ý, þ, ú4 Preference varies as to whether certain Mandarin expressions have

spaces between their elements. For example, dictionaries may showthe Mandarin Pinyin word for security as ån quæn or as ånquæn. Ifyou cannot find an expression listed with spaces, please look for itwithout spaces. Where “ng” is followed by a vowel, “n'g” or “ng' ” isshown to separate syllables, even when this is not common practice.

Pinyin Mandarin Preliminary Course - Dictionary for Theocratic Use - Mandarin to English

© B. J. Burford and E. J. Burford 2005 2 www.jaspell.co.uk 28 July 2005

Mandarin to English

< aOh å(particle at the end of a sentence expressingadmiration, warning or request) åagapê ågêpìi (See also: jíyö yuænzê de èi)but oh! åiOh dear! My word! åiyåto get close to, be near to åiArabia ÅlåbòAramaic Ålåmïyøpeaceful, secure, content ånto settle down; to install ånto plant, insert ånchåto calm down, settle down, stabilize åndðngto place, arrange, allocate places ånfèngfilthy, dirty ångzångquiet, peaceful, silent ånjðngstability, peace ånnîngarrangement, planned activities, organizing ånpæiprogramme, program (for course, studies) ånpæito arrange, fix up; to plan, organize ånpæisecurity; safe ånquænsafety belt ånquændèicomfort, reassurance; to comfort, console ånwìito feel at ease, be relieved ånxínPassover ånxírðto place, arrange, allocate places ånzhð; ånfèngto install (e.g. a computer) ånzhuångaspirin åsípïlînauntie; nanny, baby-sitter åyîto suffer, endure æicancer æicostly ængguðshort, not high, not tall, low çilove; to love [someone]; like very much èinickname (favorable) èichéngto love deeply èidèiIreland Èi'ërlæn



Irish (See: German: of, person, lang.) Èi'ërlæn [-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)hobby èihèoto love [something], be keen on, be fond of èihèoto cherish, treasure, protect, care for aðhùlove, affection, passion èiqînghusband, wife èirento be kind to, cherish; to use sparingly èixíto love èi'xínAids èizíbðngper, by, according to, on the basis of ènto depress, press, put pressure on ènto press by hand (e.g. a button) ènto control, restrict, restrain ènbank, shore, seaside, coast èndark, dull, dim, hidden, secluded, secret ènpale (moon) èndènto ring a bell ènlîngto massage ènmòaccording to time, on time, punctual(ly) ènshîaccording to; in relation to, on the basis of ènzhèoAustralia ÈodèlðyèAustralian (See: German: of, person) Èodèlðyè [-de|-rên] (See: Dê)Austria ÈodðlðAustrian (See: German: of, person) Èodðlð [-de|-rên] (See: Dê)to regret, repent aôhuïOlympic [games] Èolînpïkì [Yùndônghuð]proud, arrogant, haughty èomènMacao Èomênannoyed, upset èonçoOlympics ÈoyùnhuðAustralia Èozhñu



< beight båPakistan Båjístçnballet bålêiwøParis Bålîschool class; duty shift, team, work group bån… (as public transport services) …bån (MW)that train service nèbån huóché (bån is a MW)to move house, remove, move bånto move from one place to another bånto bring … outside bç … bånchõlaito assist; help bångau pair, help, maid bånggñngassistance, help bångmængau pair, help, maid bångshóuassistance, help; to assist, help bångzhù; bångzhuflight bånjíflight number bånjíhèoto move house bån jiåto bring … outside bç … bånchõlaito move … out of the way bç … bånkaihead of team or class bånzhçngto move away (to go and live elsewhere) bånzóu… (as parcels, packages of) …båo (MW)this packet of magazines zhìbåo zæzhð (båo is a MW)bag, parcel, bundle båoto make a parcel, wrap båoto include båoto make (i.e. wrap dumplings) båoto guarantee, assure båoto hire, charter båoparcel, package båoguó (MW is [yî]jièn)to include, comprise; included, including båokuôto peel (by hand) båopî; båo … pî (See also: xiåo … pî )to pack, wrap up, bundle båozhuånga sort of steamed bun båozieighty båshîAugust Båyuìmoustache, mustache båzðhöto extract, pull out; select, choose bæto capture, grasp, seize bæ



white, pure, blank, plain, vernacular bæi [de]free of charge; to no effect; in vain bæisalty soy sauce bæi jièngyòufree bæibæiChinese cabbage bæicèiidiot bæichístrong alcohol bæijiøbrandy bæilændð jiøwhite colour(ed) bæisì [de]daytime, day, in the day bæitiånthin, slight bæocoldly, not generously (form of treatment) bæopancake bæojiånbïng… (as handfuls, bunches of, items handled) … bç (MW)four umbrellas sðbç yïzi (bç is a MW)(a grammatical tool that enables the normal word order to be reversed, so that the object that would normally be located after the verb can be put before the verb, but it is still the verb's object) bçto leave behind for safekeeping bç … jiåo gëitake your book back home bç nïde shõ næ huî jiå… hundred … bçipercentage bçifénbï… per cent bçifënzhí …department store bçihuôshångdiènrid; to get rid of bæituñmillion bçiwènmillions bçiwènjðto lay the table bçi zhuñziplate, board, plank bçnto kidnap bçngjiègood example, pattern model bçngyèngcricket (game) bçnqiöfull, replete; fully bçofat, plump bçoto protect; to maintain, keep bçoto ensure bçoto keep, continue, stay, maintain bçochîprecious, valuable bçoguðprotection; to protect, guard bçohùprotector, guardian bçohùrên



to cure bçokuô zhðhçofortress bçolëibowling (game) bçolîngqiöreservation; to retain, reserve, hold on to bçoliöreserve (for animals) bçoliödðto keep a secret bçomðconservative bçoshóuto protect, defend (as in war) bçowìiguard officer (of a building) bçowìi rênyuæninsurance; to insure bçoxiçnguarantee; to guarantee, assure, pledge bçozhìngestablished bçozuôhandle bçshóufather, dad bèba; fù qínto go on strike bègñngto be defeated, wither bèito spoil; defeat bèihuèihalf, semi- bèncloves bènto handle, set up, manage, operate, run bènslightly cooked, rare bèn shö detransistor, semi-conductor bèndçotïmethod, way (how a situation is handled) bènfçexcellent bèngpound (weight) bènghalf hour bèn'ge xiçoshîto deal with official matters bèn'gñngoffice block bèn'gñnglòuoffice (place of work) bèn'gñngshðdusk, nightfall bèngwçncheck out (registration) bènlï lîdièn shóuxùcheck in (registration) bènlï zhùdièn shóuxùspouse, partner (in ‘love’) bènlýbaseball (game) bènqiöto deal with matters bènshðdepartmental office bènshðchùrare, uncooked bènshödequite a long time; half a day bèntiånto play a role bènyènmidnight, in the middle of the night bènyìhalf a night bènyìto enfold, embrace, wrap in arms, harbour bèo



sorry; to apologize, say sorry bèonewspaper, periodical, report, news, warning bèoleopard bèoto burst (ballon) bèorevenge bèochòuto pay back (gratefully) bèodæto register, check in, report for duty bèodèoreporting of news; to report on news bèodèoto break out, erupt (violence) bèofåambition (for success, progress) bèofù; xiòngxín (See also: yëxín, shéwèng)ambitious (for success, progress) yóu bèofù de (See also: yëxín, shéwèng)lecture, speech, talk, report; to inform, report bèogèoto declare (at customs) bèoguånnewsagents bèokån xiåoshôudiènto register (sign in, sign up) bèomîngto pick up (a baby) bèoqïlaisorry! bèoqiènto complain, grumble bèoyuènexplosion bèozhè (MW is [yî]cð )to explode bèozhènewspaper, newspaper print (single sheet) bèozhï (MW is [yð]zhång )newspaper, newspaper print (sheets) bèozhï (MW is [yî]fìn )(particle to suggest an action be done) ba(particle implying agreement or confirmation) ba… (as vessel(s) of) …béi (MW)cup, tumbler, glass, trophy cup; a cup of béito bear, carry (a load) béitablet, stone (for commemoration) béisorrow béi'åipessimistic béiguånpessimist béiguånzhëpessimism béiguånzhøyðpessimist béiguånzhøyðzhëpessimistic béiguånzhøyðzhë desaddened, grieved béitôngmug, cup, tumbler, glass (for drinking) béizibandage béngdèinorth bëiNorth America Bëi Mëizhñuthe north side, the North; on the north bëibiånthe northern part bëibùthe north, the northern part bëifång



Beijing, Peking BëijíngNorth Pole bëijî… (as volumes of (things bound)) …-bën (MW)nine books jiøbën shõ (bën is a MW)edition bënoneself, personally, in person bënoriginally bëndustpan bënjíoriginal, first; at first, originally bënlæiability, skill, capability bënlïngability bënshinature, inborn characteristic bënxðngfundamental nature, essence, true nature bënzhðexercise book, notebook bënzithe backof someone or something bìitimes, occasions, […-]fold […] bìiby (e.g. He was told by me) bìi (e.g. Tå bìi wó gèosu le) (See: bç)forbidden bìi jðnzhï deburned down, burned out bìi shåohuïfrightened bìi xièzhethe back bìibùbehind, to the rear of, at the back of bìihôuthe background (of a picture) bìijïngreverse side, back of bìimiènto be obliged to … bìipô …bedding bìirùvest, undershirt bìixínduvet, bed-cover, quilt bìizidim, slow, stupid, clumsy, ‘dumb’ bìnpump bìngto force, press, compel, extort bíto advance to, press on close to bíto draw close to, press against, surge on bíice bíngtroops, soldier(s) bíngfrozen bíngdôngfrozen (by a drop in temperature) bíngdôngle deice cream bíngjílîngice-cream bíngqîlînice hockey bíngqiöguesthouse, hotel bín'guçnrefrigerator bíngxiång



chilled bíngzhìnobject (of a sentence) bínyøone another, mutually bîcï; hùxiångnostril bîkónghail bîngbæonose bîzicompared to, compared with, than bïmore and more each … (e.g. taller every day) … bï … (e.g. yðtiån bï yðtiån gåo)against, versus, to (game score) bïto compare, emulate, make a comparison bïbrush, pen, brush stroke bï… (as sums of [money]) … bï (MW)this sum of money zhìbï qiæn (bï is a MW)… (as deals in business) … bï (MW)that deal nèbï jiåoyð (bï is a MW)better than … bï … hçomore … than [that] bï [tå] …to compare, emulate, make a comparison bïbïfor example, e.g., such as bïfångto state an example, for example bïfång [shuñ]notes, record, memo, reminder bïjðnotebook bïjðbënrelatively, fairly, quite, rather bïjièoto compare, contrast bïjièobetter, rather better, preferable bïjièo hçoto prefer bïjièo xïhuanproportion, ratio bïlðbiscuit, cookie, cracker bïnggånfor example bïröto state an example, for example bïrö [shuñ]pizza bïsèbïngcompetition, match, game, contest bïsèi (See also: wìndæ)racehorse bïsèi yông de mç (MW is [yð]pî )to translate bïyðto compare, emulate, make a comparison bïyibïpenfriend bïyóuto close, shut bðto avoid bðto prevent, repel bðShut up! Be quiet! bð zuï!after all bðjðngto avoid bðkåi



to avoid, avert, prevent bðmiçnto flee, hide from; to seek asylum bðnènillness, sickness, disease; to be ill, to fall ill bðngreally, in fact, actually bðngalso, and, too bðngand, not only X but also Y; moreover bðnghospital room, ward bðngfængbacteria, germs bðngjõnsick, ill bðnglepatient, sick person bðngrêncertain, unavoidable, inexorable, inevitable bðrænto close eyes bðshèng yçnjíngto have an obligation to; must bðxõ …; yîdðng dêi …; bùdêbù …necessary bðxõnecessary bðyèoto finish at school, graduate bðyìbenefits; relief bðyðcontraception; contraceptive bðyùncontraceptive (for males) bðyùntièocontraceptive, pill, (for females) bðyùnyèoside, border, edge biånto edit, compile, arrange, set in order, weave biånto do both … and … (at the same time) biån … biån …bat (mammal) biånföborder, boundary biånjiìarea code, postcode yòuzhìng biånmç-based biånxiëborder, edge biånyuænto invent, make up biånzèoto weave biånzhðpunctuation biåodiçnpunctuation mark biåodiçn föhèoheadline biåotîsign, symbol biåozhðstandard, level; to a high standard biåozhønstandardization biåozhønhuèflat, punctured biçnform, list, table biçometer, gauge, watch, wristwatch biçowith two common non-paternal grandparents biçoto express ideas, feelings biçodæyounger male cousin biçodð



elder male cousin biçogéform; to fill out a form biçogêelder female cousin biçojiësurface, outer appearance, countenance biçomiènyounger female cousin biçomìito demonstrate, show, make clear biçomîngexpression, facial gesture biçoqîngto show, indicate, express biçoshðto frown, express dissatisfaction biçoshð bùmçnto offer to do … biçoshð yuènyð …behaviour, expression biçoxiènto show, display, manifest biçoxiènto show off, behave biçoxiènto praise biçoyængshow, performance; to act, perform biçoyçnstandard; to a high standard biåozhønstandardization biåozhønhuè… (as complete process cycles of) …-bièn (verbal MW)He has read the Bible three times. Shìngjíng tå kènle sånbièn (bièn: ver. MW)He said once more the same word. bç tòngyèng de huè yôu shuñle yí bièntitle (of book, film) biçotîto behave biçoxiènto praise biçoyængshow, performance (live) biçoyçnto change, be changed, be transformed biènto become (followed by an adjective) bièn[de]it has become cold tièn bièn lëng leto transform, change, alter biènthen, at the time when; convenient bièneverywhere, throughout, all over biènto identify, distinguish, make out biènbiêchuto swap for, change into (followed by a noun) biènchêngto get better, improve biènhçoto defend (verbally) biènhùchange, transformation; to vary, change biènhuèspoiled (food) biènhuèiconvenient biènlðto argue biènlùnconstipation biènmðnote (informal written message) bièntiæospoiled (food) biènwìideplait biènzi



do not, don't, not to; other biêdon't be polite biê kìqiothers; other people; another person biê rêndon't do this way any more!; stop it! biê zèi zhìyèngother; anything else biêdeothers; other people; another person biêren; biê rênpin biêzhén (MW is [yð] gén)to dial the telephone bñ diènhuèspinach bñcèito play, put on (recorded music) bñfèngwave (of sea) bñlèngglass bñlia glass bñli béipineapple bñluòuncle, father's elder brother bòbouncle, father's elder brother bòfùaunt, wife of father's elder brother bòmøto get heated up quickly (in anger), ‘fly into’ bòrænmist bòwùmuseum bòwùguçnto broadcast bñyínneck bòzino; not bö (form of bù before fourth tone “ ã ”)dustpan bôjidon't bother (to call back) bö bð huî diènhuè‘don't call us: we'll call you!’ bö bð huî diènhuèto feel O.K. (feel there's no health problem) gçnjö böcuôless than … (some value) bö dèo …you are welcome (i.e. not stand on ceremony) bö kìqiNot at all (responding expression of thanks) bö kìqidon't be polite bö kìqiimpolite bö kìqi denot look like bö xièngnot at all bö xiìdo not bö yèonot serious, unimportant bö yèojïnno need to (be) bö yôngnot at all (lit. no need thank) bö yông xiìno more bö zèiabsent bö zèiwrong, incorrect bö zhìngquìwon't have to, to be unnecessary böbð



not bad; quite good; ‘yes: correct’ böcuôto feel O.K. (feel there's no health problem) gçnjö böcuôno longer, not too, not very bödènot only bödènnot only … but also bödèn … êrqiëwrong (morally), immoral bödèodêdecontinuously, uninterruptedly; continually böduènto keep on böduènto ignore bögùreasonable (not a bad price) böguðbut, however, nevertheless; just, merely, only böguôfinished, gone böjiènleno matter what, whatever happens, bölùnnot, no (with verbs or adjectives) böshðunfortunate circumstances, misfortune böxðngsad, unfortunate, ‘unlucky’ böxðngdon't! mustn't! böyèonever mind, it doesn't matter böyèojïnunrighteous böyðto mend, repair, replace, supply, nourish bøto mend a tyre bø chédèito build up the body bø shéntïto fish (by net) bø yöto replenish, supplement; supplementary bøchñngadditional materials bøchñng cæilièopatch (mending holes in things) bødingto capture bøhuôto catch up on missed study sessions bøkìto take supplementary study sessions bøxîNo; not bù (pronounced bö before 4th tone words)No! That's not so! (responding to positive words) bù!But it is! = No!, that's not the case! (faulting a negative suggestion) shðde!; (bù!)[Note that normally “Yes” or “No” are achieved by repeating the verb that was in the question. For example, “Do you not know?” when you know, is answered: “(I) know!” When you do not know, it is answered: “(I) not know.”] No …! (not permitted) bùxø …!; jðnzhï …!not bù (Note: bö shð)



cloth, cotton material bùsituation, state, condition, stage, step, pace bùpart, section, phase, zone, area, department bù… (as films, novels of) …bù (MW)four novels sðbù xiçoshuñ (bù used here is a MW)within reason bù chåochõ qînglï zhíwèiodd, one remaining without a partner bù chêngduð de, dånzhí decannot sell mèi bù chõ (See also: mèi de chõ: can sell)part, portion, section bù fenunhappy bù gåoxðngthanks for the compliment: I don't deserve it bù gçn dångto feel bad, embarrassed bù hçoyðsito fail bù jîgêimpossible bù kënêngnot that good bù xîngto hate bù xïhuannot to want to bù xiçngto not let, not allow, not be allowed bù xønot so good bù zënmeyèngto have an obligation to; must; cannot but bùdêbù …; bðxõ …; yîdðng dêi …important, extreme, very serious bùdêliçoextremely … … de bùdêliçopudding bùdíngmilitary unit, army, troops bùduðpart, portion, section bùfìn; bùfenthanks for the compliment: I don't deserve it bùgçndångnot matter …, however … bùguçn …to feel bad, embarrassed bùhçoyðsinot only bùjïnmoreover, not only that bùjïn röcïpart (mechanical) bùjièn; lîngjiènsoon, before long, soon after, not long after bùjiøinevitable bùkë bðmiçn deto reject bùkëntextile, fabric bùlièotribe bùluôgovernment department bùmêncompany branch or section bùmênunfair, unjust; resentful, indignant bùpîngelse, otherwise, if not then … bùræn …ought to …, had best do … bùrö …not compare well with bùrö (See also rö)



a fair amount of, no little, no lack of bùshçonot the same, different, distinct, dissimilar bùtòngdifferent, another bùtòng deimperfect bùwænmëito be not working properly; not that good bùxîngno way, out the question bùxîngto hate bùxïhuanconfusion bùxïng-rênshðnot to want to bùxiçngto not let, forbid, not allow, not be allowed bùxøNo …! (not permitted), not be permitted bùxø …!; jðnzhï …!not for certain, not necessarily bùyîdðngnot so good bùzënmeyènghead of department, minister (governmental) bùzhçngto decorate, fix up, assign, arrange bùzhðlacking bùzöscarce bùzöde



< cto clean, wipe, spread, polish cåto guess cåito suppose, suspect, guess cåixiçngto polish cålièngfood, meal, meals cånto join cånto join the army cån jõnvehicle or car for dining, restaurant carriage cånchéroom on a ship, cabin cångpale (face, etc.) cångbæistorehouse cångkùto visit, tour, look at, go around cån'guånrestaurant cån'guçnChinese restaurant Zhñngguò cån'guçn (MW is [yð]jiå )fly (insect) cångyîng; cångyingto attend, participate in, join, take part in cånjiåto attend meetings cånjiå jùhuðto join a queue cånjiå pæi duðreference item; to refer to, consult cånkçostaff officer, adviser; to advise, give advice cånmòurestaurant, canteen, dining hall cåntíngto go along, join in cånyøto embrace cånyùsports ground, playground, school field cåochçngmarching area cåochçngdrill, training exercise cåoliènto operate, control the workings of cåozuôoperator (running a machine) cåozuô rênyuæn (See also: diènhuè …)(computer's) operating system cåozuô xðtóngto scrub cåxïability, talent cæionly; only then, only just; not … until cæiproperty cæichçntailor, clothier, dressmaker cæifengwealth cæifùmaterial information, data cæilièo (MW is [yî]fìn)material, substance, ingredient cæilièo (MW is [yð]zhóng)raw materials yuæn cæilièoability, talent cæinêngcan, to be able cæinêng



judge, referee cæipènbelongings cæiwùfinance cæizhìngtalented student cæizïphysically disabled cænfìito hide, store up cængto hide cængqïlæihandicapped cænjîbrutal, cruebrutality, cruelty; cænkùto feel embarrassed, feel ashamed cænkuðto feel embarrassed, to feel ashamed gçndèo cænkuðcruel cænrënnoisy (making excessive volume of sound) cæozæde; zèoshéng dènoise (made by excessive volume of sound) cæozæshéngto pick, harvest, gather cçito step on, stand on cçito collect news material cçifçngto do interviews (for the media) cçifçngto buy, purchase cçigôurainbow cçihòng (MW is [yî]dèo]lottery cçijiçngto adopt cçinèlottery, lottery ticket cçipièoto take, adopt, take steps cçiqøin effect cçiqøcolour; having many colours cçisìto use, take on for use, adopt cçiyôngpitiful, miserable cçnstraw, grass cçolawn, meaadow cçodðstrawberry cçomêiblade of grass cçopièn (MW is [yî]yì)grasslands, prairies cçoyuænfood dish or course; vegetable cèimenu cèidånbright, magnificent cènlèn… (as floors, storeys, layers, sheets of) …cêng (MW) (the ground floor counts as the first floor)three coats of paint såncêng yòuqí (cêng here is a MW)layer, floor, storey cêngsometime ago, ever before, have already cêngpreviously, once, formerly cêngjíng



… (as volumes or copies of books of) …cì (MW)Bring two volumes of X (e.g. “Insight”) dèilæi liçngcì X (cì here is a MW)to measure cìliængstrategy, ploy, tactics cìlúìtoilet, bathroom cìsuótest; to test cìyènto insert, interject,interpolate, plant chådifference (figures don't tally) chåbiêto jump a queue chåduðto rip open, undo chåito pull down, demolish chåidièoto intervene chåiqiçnin (joining in) chånjiåto copy, imitate, write a copy chåoto go beyond, exceed, overtake chåoto overtake a vehicle chåo chéto go beyond; in excess of one's ability chåochõto go beyond, exceed, overtake chåoguôto overtake a car, pass a car chåoguô yîlièng chésupermarket chåojî shðchçngnote (money) chåopièo (MW is [yð]zhång)to make a [good] copy chåoxiëto overtake, pass chåoyuìoverweight chåozhôngexceeded the weight limit chåozhông leplug (electric) chåtòudifference (in quality) chåyðfork chåzisocket (electric) chåzuôto look up (something) chætea chæto examine, investigate, research, ‘look up’ chæteacup chæbéitea with nibbles chædiçnteahouse chæguçnteapot chæhödiesel chæiyòuoften chænglong (size) chængto try the taste, sample chænghow long? duí chæng ne?to sing peking opera chæng jíngjù



to be based in … (location) chæng zhù [zèi] …ladle, scoop, dipper chængbïngshæooften, occasionally, now and again chængchængto taste chæng[chang]The Great Wall Chængchênggood points, fine qualities chængchùbench chængdìngflute chængdîlength chængdùrectangle chængfångxîngto pay back (debts) chænghuænto sing peking opera chængjíngjùYangtze River Chængjiånglong-lasting chængjiølong chængmiæna long time period chængqíto attempt, try chængshðlong life chængshôunoodles chængshôu mièna long distance; long-distance chængtölong-distance call chængtö diènhuècoach chængtö qðchéto give off a certain taste (spicy, sour, salty) chængwìidynasty; to face; in the direction of (place) chæonest (birds') chæo (See also: wñ)damp, humid chæoshíNorth Korea Chæoxiån; Chæoxiçnto jeer, mock chæoxièotea leaves chæyìto bring about; to come about chçnshéng… (as illnesses, disasters, shows, debates) …chçng (nominal MW)three illnesses (whole process) sånchçng bðng (chçng here is a MW)a war (whole process) yðchçng zhènzhéng (chçng here is a MW)four films (whole process) sðchçng diènyïng (chçng here is a MW)… (as occasions when a process occured) …chçng (verbal MW)He came here and studied twice. tå læi zhìr xuêxî liçngchçng. (verbal MW)place for people to gather, court, ground chçngpitch (for games) chçngdðan event, occasion chçnghêspecial occasion tìshõ chçngheproduce, yield, product chçnpïnto produce, result in, bring about chçnshéng



pangs of distress chçntônginheritance, gift chçnyìstir-fry chçoto squabble, be noisy; noisy chçoargument, quarrel; to bicker, quarrel, argue chçojièstir-fried noodles chçomiènto make a quarrel or fuss chçonèoto quarrel chçozuïto be wanting, lacking; falling short of chèlacking, short of chèsimilar, almost the same (differ not much) chèbuduñnearly, almost (did something) chèdiçn(r)to sing chèngto sing a song chènggévehicle (bike, bus, car) chétyre chédèilane (of a carriageway) chédèoracetrack (for cars) chédèogarage (parking) chéfængfare (for a land vehicle) chéfìi[a] car accident [yîcð] chéhuô (cð here is a MW)workshop chéjiångarage (parking) chékùto name, call by name, state, weigh chéngto call; name as chéngto weigh out chéngchõto state, say chéngqîto commend, praise chéngzènticket for bus or train chépièobus or train stop or station (vehicle stand) chézhènshining chênto sink; deep, heavy chêncity, town, city wall [yîzuô] chêng (zuô is a MW)to become, develop into, succeed, achieve chêngto ride, avail of chêngto multiply (in maths); times (in maths) chêngorange (colour) chêngin the city, in urban areas chêng lïto line up chêng yízhîxièncastle chêngbço (MW is [yî]zuô)cost chêngbënto ride (using transport) chêngché



to carry a load, to bear, sustain chêngdånextent, level, degree chêngdùpunishment chëngfæ; chùfæcomposition, ingredient, background chêngfìnsuccess; successful; to succeed chênggñngfruit, benefit chêngguóachievement, accomplishment, success chêngjíto make a home, get married (by a man) chêngjiåachievement, accomplishment chêngjiùhonest-hearted chêngkënpassenger chêngkìin the city, in urban areas chênglïto establish chênglðto grow up; become adult chêngniænadult, grown-up chêngniænrênadult chêngrênto accept, admit, confess chêngrìnorange coloured chêngsìhonest chêngshî [de]town, city [yîzuô] chêngshð (zuô is a MW)urban chêngshðdeto endure, bear up with chêngshôuto grow ripe, mature; ripe, mature chêngshöto develop into (followed by a noun) chêngwêito become, prove to be (followed by a noun) chêngwêitrain conductor, ticket collector chêngwùyuænprogramme, program chêngxùmember chêngyuænconception; to grow up chêngzhçngcities and towns, the town chêngzhìnorange (fruit) chêngziworn out, in tatters (clothes, machines) chênjiùto show, display chênliìdull (weather) chênmìndesilent, not talkative chênmôsilent chênmôdeDay Star chênxíngdressing gown chênyíheavy chênzhôngthorough, complete chìdïto avail oneself of, take advantage of chìntake the opportunity chìn zhìge jíhuð … (ge is a MW)



scales, balance chìngscales, balance chìngpænshirt chìnshånunderwear, shirt chìnyíto eat chísomething to eat chí deto eat, be having a meal; eating chí fènto be vegetarian chí sùto eat dinner chí wçnfènto eat lunch chí wøfènto take medicine chí yèoto eat breakfast chí zçofènto have eaten one's fill chíbço leto envy, be jealous chícùsomething to eat chídeto eat, be having a meal; eating chífènto be amazed, shocked; astonished chíjíngto be vegetarian chí sùvegetarian chísùdeto take medicine chí yèoto be late; late chîto be late; late chîdèopond chîtængto last, endure chîxù(a unit of length about 0.3m) chïgum (part of mouth) chïyînrule, ruler (for measuring length) chïzisize, dimension, measurements chïcùnwing chðbçngequator chðdèoto pour, rinse, flush, rush chñngample; powerful (evidence) chñngfìnsurf chñnglèngto abound with chñngmçnto inflate, blow up, pump up chñngqðconflict chñngtõample, adequate chñngzöto slide out, draw out, draw up, whip chñuto smoke ( a cigarette) chñu (yån)drawer chñutíabstract chñuxièng desmoke; to smoke tobacco chñuyån



re-, again chòngworship; to worship chòngbèirepetition chòngdçoto heap things up, lay over chòngdiêto duplicate, repeat, replicate chòngfùlofty, high chònggåoagain, afresh chòngxíninsect, worm chòngzito worry chòuto arrange chòubènhatred chòuhìnto pet chóng'èispoiled (children) chónghuèidepet animal chóngwùto develop film chóngxïugly chóuugly, unpleasant, shameful, foul smelling chôubad smell, odour chôuqðbad smell, odour chôuwìito come or go out; to issue, produce chõout, outwards, away chõto arise, happen, exceed, air chõearly part of, beginning chõearly; elementary, introductory chõ(ordinal indicator for first ten days in month) chõ(e.g. first, second, third … of the month ) (e.g. chõyí, chõ'ìr, chõsån…)away on business chõchåileto advise chõ zhøyðcannot sell mèi bù chõcan sell mèi de chõto publish chõbçnpublishers, publishing organization chõbçnshìpreliminary, possible, initial chõbùprimary chõbuðsource chõchùdeparture; to begin, start chõfåstart point, the beginning chõfådiçnto leave the country, go abroad chõguòto perspire chõhènelementary, introductory, primary chõjîexit, export; to export chõkóuto come out chõlai



to bring … outside bç … bånchõlaisolution, way out chõlùto betray others chõmèi biêrênfamous chõmîngspring (season) chõnspring season chõnjðthe Spring Festival; Chinese New Year Chõnjiêspring (season); springtime chõntiånto go out, get out; exit chõqù; chõquto go for a walk chõqù zóuzououtwards, out … chõqu (after a verb)absent, gone out, gone away chõqu; bö zèioutstanding (=out+face), excellent chõsìupbringing chõshénto be born chõshéngbirthplace chõshéng dðdate of birth chõshéng rðqífor sale chõshôuto attend (present at a meeting, gathering) chõxîto appear, come to light, become visible chõxiènbeginner chõxuêzhëto leave hospital chõyuènto let, hire out, rent out chõzõtaxi (vehicle on hire) chõzõ(qð)chéto dispose of, get rid of, remove chöto divide chödivided by chö yöpunishment chùfæ; chëngfæprescription chùfångpenalty chùfækitchen chöfængunless chöféionly if … [otherwise] … chöfei … [bùræn] …only if … [otherwise] … chöfei … [fóuzê] …except [for] …X… all …Y… chöle …X… [yïwèi] dñu …Y…in addition to …X… also …Y… chöle …X… [yïwèi] hæi …Y…lip chönpure (unadulterated, unmixed) chönpure, plain, sheer, utter, complete chöncuðpure chöndepure (without bad ideas) chönjiêpure, clean chönjðng; jiêjðng



pure, clean water chönjðng de shuïpure (describing form of language, accent) chönzhìngcook (person) chöshíto manage, deal with, handle chøto punish chøfæpunishment, disciplinary measure chøfìnto punish, measure out discipline chøfìnto deal with, finish doing, handle chølïstupid chønto be in a position chøyöto store chøzængplace, feature, office chùto touch chùto offend chùfènto handle, manage chùlïto offend, upset, anger, displease chùnù; dêzuðto wear, put on, pierce through, cross over chuånto get dressed chuånbènto pierce, puncture chuåndôngthrough (from one side to the other) chuån'guô …to cross [the road]; go across chuån'guô [mçlù]window (in a building) chuånghuwindow (of ticket counter, payment desk) chuångkóucurtain chuångliænto pierce, puncture chuånkóngto put on (an article of clothing) chuånshangto have on, wear (an article of clothing) chuånshangto put clothes on chuånshang yífudraught, breeze chuåntæng féngship, boat chuæn (MW is [yð]tiæo)to spread, transmit, pass on, preach chuænto transfer chuænto spread, disseminate, propagate, preach chuænbñpreaching (way) chuændèo[a] tract [yðzhang] chuændån (zhang is a MW)fare (on a boat) chuænfìievangelizer chuænföyínzhëbed chuæng… (as things spread: blankets, sheets) …chuæng (MW)a pair of sheets liçngchuæng dån (chuæng here is a MW)chuængdån bedsheetmattress chuængdièn



to publish chuæn'gëi (chuån-gëi)to pass, pass on (an object, word) chuæn'gëi (chuån-gëi)infection (passing on a disease) chuænrçnto infect; to be infected by, catch chuænrçninfectious, contagious chuænrçn dedisease (infectious) chuænrçnbðngrumour (a story spread or handed down) chuænshuñlegend chuænshuñtradition (a practice handed down) chuæntóngconvention chuæntóngtraditional chuæntóngdeto summon, call chuænxùncaptain of a ship chuænzhçngfax chuænzhénfax machine chuænzhénjíto break into (a house) chuçngrùcreator; to create, produce, write chuèngzèoto create chuèngzuôskewer chuènrôuqiånto blow, breath out chuíto play a wind instrument chuí (See also: lå, tæn )to brag (i.e. puff a lot) chuíto break up, fail (i.e. to run out of breath) chuíto blow a whistle chuí shèoto be blown down chuídço lehairdryer chuífèjíto puff out a candle chuímiì lèzhöto boast, brag chuíniöto boast, brag chuíxõto be blown away chuízóu lehammer chuîzivertical chuîzhîdenickname (not favorable) chuôhèofemale cídeword, speech, talk, statement cîmercy cî béito quit, resign (from a job) cî zhîmercy cîbéitape (magnetic) cîdèidictionary cîdiçnvocabulary cîhuðdiskette (for a computer) cîpæn



to quit, resign (from a job) cîzhîthis … cï …additionally, besides, moreover, in addition cïwèiall the best, regards, with best wishes cï zhð jðnglï… (as trains, accidents, examinations) …-cð (MW)an examination yîcð kçoshð (cð here is a nominal MW)… (as time(s), occasion(s)) …-cð (verbal MW; contrast chçng)I went twice wó qùle liçngcð (cð here is a verbal MW)“You will deny me three times.” “nï bð sån cð bùrìn wó.”once; one time yîcð; cðxièhe prayed three times tå dçogèole såncðto criticize, irritate, prick, stab cðto pierce, penetrate cðchuånpuncture cðkóngto assassinate, murder cðshåhedgehog cðweionce; one time cðxièembroidery cðxiùorder, sequence cðxùof minor importance ciyèo derushed, hastily, in a hurry cñngmængclever, smart, wise cñngming; còngmîngfrom còngspring onion, young onion còngfrom [China] còng [Zhñngguò]from … to … (time period) còng … dèo …from … come còng … læifrom … onwards còng … qïfrom … on; since … còng … qøby way of còng … yèngzi kènlæifrom … on; since … còng … yïlæinever (about present or future) còng bùout from còng chõnever (about past) còng mêiout from còngchõfrom now on còngcïand then, and after that còng'êrfrom now on còngjínyïhôuever, always cònglæinever (present or habitual) cònglæi bùnever (past) cònglæi mêi [yóu]jungle cònglîn



never (about past) còngmêiclever, smart, wise còngmîng; cñngmingpreviously, before, formerly còngqiænurgently còngshðto assemble, gather, get together côuheto get by with, make do with côuheby chance, by coincidence côuqiçothick, careless cõrough (treatment) cõløderoughly, approximately cõlúìdevillage cõnvillage cõnzhuångvillage cõnzicareless, hard hearted, thoughtless cõxínto keep, store, preserve cönto save (money; to keep on safe deposit) cönto survive, exist, live, live on cönto deposit money cön qiænto leave under somebody's care and keeping cönfèngaccount, savings (deposited in a bank) cönkuçnto deposit (moneey in a bank) cönkuçnintention cönxínto exist, be in place cönzèivinegar cùto advance, promote cùjðngooseberry cùlðcun (a unit of length measuring 1/30 metre) cùnto hurry, quicken, urge cuíto urge, push for cuícùruined, destroyed cuíhuïfault, mistake; wrong; by mistake, wrongly cuôwrong, mistaken cuôdeto allow to pass; to miss cuôguôan action, step (esp. remedial measure) cuôshífalse; mistake, error; wrong cuôwù



< dto erect, assemble, construct dåto link up with, join, board, mount, go using dåto get a lift in the car of … (someone) då …de ché qùto remain; stay dåi; liù xiæ; liùxiablank, stiff, dim-witted dåisingle; odd-numbered dånbill, itemized list; separately, discretely dånbedsheet dånto guarantee dånbçoone-way ticket dånchêngpièoplain (not fancy) dånchöndeword (a group of letters, not the message) dåncîsingle toned, monotonous, boring, bland dåndièosingly, alone dåndöto be, to act or work as dångwhilst (at the time when) dångright then dångchçngthe present age, contemporary period dångdèilocal, of the present place dångdðto delay dån'geat present, nowadays, now dångjínin the years of that current period dångniænpresent, current, contemporary; at present dångqiænof course dångrænNot at all! dångræn bö shð!certainly! dångræn këyïthen, at that [current] time dångshîthen, at that moment nèshî; nèshîdångshîto be careful, watch out dångxínto be in the middle of (some process) dångzhñngwithin … zèi … dångzhñngodd (number of house, seat, row, etc.) dånhèosingle room dånrên fængjiånto act in the position of, be responsible for dånrìnsingle (not married) dånshénwork unit; unit of measure dånwìito be anxious, concerned; to fear, worry about dånxínsingle (just one) dånyíodd, one remaining without a partner dånzhí delist dånzi



knife, cutter, razor, sword dåoknife and fork dåochåkidney beans dåodôublade (of a cutter) dåokóusmall knife dåozito erect, put up dåqïto reply, respond dåyingto promise, agree, consent (to do something) dåyðng; dåyingto answer, respond in kind dæanswer(s) dæ'ènto achieve, attain, reach dædèoanswer (formal), reply, response dæfùanswer sheets dæjuènto get, achieve; hit, fight against, destroy dçto play by hand (games and instruments) dçto knit; type; make a phone call dçto get on with (a job or person) dçto encourage, build (a person) dçto telephone dç diènhuèto telephone X gëi X dç diènhuèvaccination dç fængyðzhénto yawn dç héqiènto hunt, go hunting dç liìto play cards dç pæito sneeze dç péntðto inflate, pump up (tyres, etc.) dç qðto fetch water dç shuïto do Tai Chi dç tèijîquænto greet politely; to doff, sign politely dç zhçohuto defeat dçbèito get dressed, dress up, decorate dçbènto abase, overthrow dçdçoto attract, appeal to dçdôngto interrupt, break dçduènoverturned dçfånto have hiccoughs, hiccups dçgêrlighter (ignition) dçhuójíto attack, hit, strike dçjíto bother, disturb dçjiçoto start a fight (physically) dçjièto open (make open: e.g. a letter) dçkåito open (be made open:e.g. a door) dçkåi



thunder dçlêito hunt dçliìcoward dçn xiçoguïto obstruct, hinder, bar dçngpolitical party dçnggear (mechanical) dçngpolitical party member dçngyuæncourage, boldness dçnlièngisland dçoto fall, collapse, go bankrupt dçoto change for another dçoto go bankrupt, close business dçobðprayer; to pray dçogèounfortunate; having “bad luck” dçomêi“unlucky” dçomêideto apologize dçoqiènblade (of a cutter) dçorìncollapse (of a wall) dçotåto back up, reverse dçotuîcollapse (of a person physically) dçoxièprayer dçowênto guide (somebody somewhere) dçoyòuto lead to, result in dçozhðupside down dçozhuènrice (plant) dçozismashed, broken, shattered dçpôlebicycle pump dçqðtóngto interrupt dçrçoto disturb, hassle, trouble, bother dçrçoto clean (the house) dçsçoplan, scheme, intention; to plan [to], intend dçsuènintended for dçsuèn … yông seto crush and put an end dçsuð-miìjuêto enquire, ask about dçtingto print (using a computer) dçyðnto war dçzhènginjection; to inject, get injected dçzhénto type, key, do word processing dçzðtypewriter dçzðjílarge, heavy, strong, loud, major dèextremely, very dèold, much, great, big, large dè



we are older than he wómen bï tå dèyou are three years older than I nïmen bï wó dè sån suð?how old is she? (young person) tå duô dè [le]; tå jï suð [le]? (tå not needed)how old is she? (elderly person) tå duñ dè niænjð [le]? tå duñ suðshu [le]?how old is she? (generally) (See suð )Great Britain Dèbùliìdånsale (at reduced prices) dè jiènmèigreat dragon dè lòngjug, pitcher dè shuïguènBabylon the Great Dè-Båbïlönto defecate dèbiènhusband's elder brother; brother-in-law dèbòmajority; mostly dèbùfenbold dèdçnblessings dèdègreat+all dèdñumajority, (great+many) dèduñshùgeneral idea, broad concept dègèigeneral, broad, approximate dègèiabout, approximately dègèiprobably, maybe, very likely dègèigreat tribulation dèhuènnènassembly, convention, meeting (large) dèhuðall of us, YOU all, everybody dèhuórera, period dèito say hello dèi wìnhçoband, ribbon, belt, tyre, zone, region, area dèito carry, to bring along dèito bring up (e.g. children) dèisack [of], bag [of] dèito handle, deal with, treat, wait for dèito wear, wrap on dèion behalf of; substitute, acting dèi …representative, to represent, act on behalf of dèibiçodelegation dèibiçotuænto arrest dèibødoctor dèifuto bring back dèihuîlaiprice payable, cost (pain for the gain) dèijièa loan dèikuçnto bring dèilæito lead, guide dèilïng



kangaroo dèishøband (strip) dèizi (MW is [yð]gén)building dèlòucontinent dèlögate, main entrance, great door dèmênrice (uncooked) dèmïrage dènùto substitute for, be in place of, replace dèitðinstead of dèitðto take, lead dèizhebag dèizifussy dèjíngxiçoguèidehigh priest dèjðsíeverybody, everyone dèjiå [dñu]main road dèjiéhighways and byways dèjié-xiçoxièngforces dèjõnlarge quantity [of] dèlièng [de]by a large quantitiy dèlièngcontinent, mainland dèlùMadam, aunty, nan (respect to older woman) dèmå; lçodèmåraw white rice dèmïbut, nevertheless dèn[shð]not salty; tasteless, weak; slack dènlight in shade of colour dènegg (specify what sort) dènhazel coloured dèn hìsì deegg white, albumin dènbæito treat as, consider that; to be equal to dèngcake, pastry dèn'gåoin that particular year also dèngniæn (Differs from dångniæn)to view as, consider as dèngzuôcustard niønçi dènhöegg yolk dènhuængto come to birth, emerge, come to be dènshéngbut, however dènshð; këshðBook of Daniel DènyïlïshõI hope, wish; would that; if only dènyuènI hope so dènyuènröcï (4 characters in phrase)burden, load, task dènzipool (table game) dènzixðto (a place) dèo …



to arrive, go to, attain dèointo … dèo … lionto … dèo … shangto complete doing … (an action) … dèonot to complete doing … (an action) mêi … dèoto have the ability to; can nêng; dèocan; to be able to accomplish, to manage dèountil …; to … dèo …to pour out; to reverse dèoin the opposite direction; upside down dèo…(as orders, rows, courses of) …dèo (MW)a ray of light yîdèo guångxièn (dèo is a MW)a four-course meal yóu sðdèo cèi de wøfèn (dèo is a MW)road, pathway; method, way dèoTaoist, Daoist dèoTaoism Dèo jièoto speak, tell dèoto play a recorded tape dèo cîdèiillegal copy, pirated copy dèobçnto say goodbye dèobiêto attend (present at a meeting, gathering) dèochçng; chõxîeverywhere dèochùarrival; to arrive; to reach somewhere dèodæmoral code, morality dèodêReally, …; finally [then] dèodï …Taoism, Daoism Dèojièoprinciple, doctrine, teaching dèolïcourse, path, way, road dèolùto apologize dèoqiènburglary dèoqiì èn (MW is [yð]qï )rice fields dèotiænto fall over dèoxièlæito say thank you dèoxiìto pirate, publish illegally dèoyðnmany, numerous, large group of dèpíatmosphere (air) dèqðadult, grown-up dèrênin a loud voice, loudly dèshéngambassador dèshïembassy dèshïguçngarlic dèsuènlargely, generally, in the main dètïshèng



pin dètòuzhénthigh dètuïAtlantic Dèxíyænglarge, large-scaled dèxîngelephant dèxièngsize dèxiçouniversity, college dèxuêSir, uncle, grandpa (respect for older man) dèye; lçodèyelarge coat, overcoat dèyíalmost, approximately, nearly, about, around dèyué (See also: zuóyôu)nature, the great untouched outdoors dèzðræn

light, lamp; to light (lamp) déngto board, get on, get off from (a vehicle) déngto print, publish déngro register déngjðlight bulb déngpèomountain climbing déngshånto go up, ascend, climb déngshènglighthouse déngtçlampshade déngzhèoto get, obtain dêto succeed in getting dê zhæito receive; manage to get dêdèoGermany DêguòGerman (general) DêguòdeGerman (person) Dêguòrênto have to must; to call for, require dêito have an obligation to; must yîdðng dêi …German (language, especially written) Dêwênto receive dêxiçngto succeed, benefit dêyiGerman (language, especially spoken) Dêyøto get, seize on dêzhæoto offend, upset, anger, displease dêzuðto need; must, have to, be supposed to dëiit takes dëipestilence dëngclass, group, grade; and so on, etc. dëngto wait [for] dëngto await, wait dëngdèietc. dëngdëng



in a moment dëng yíxièhang on a moment dëngdengto wait, await dënghôuequals (=), equate to dëngyøstool, seat, bench dìngstool, bench dìngziof …; …'s, …s' …de(See Study 18 on transformative uses of ‘de’)of [yours] [nï]deof [the book] [shõ] deof [very good quality] [hën hço] dethat of which [he spoke] [tå shuñ] dethe one that [is small] [xiço] deto be in the situation in which […] shð […] dethe way in which […X… is done] is …Y… …X… de …Y…(e.g. The way in which you speak Mandarinis very good.) (Nï pøtñnghuè shuñ de hën hço.)[at the time] when … … de shîhou(action X: i.e. similar action Y) is possible (X) de (Y)…-ly (adapt an adjective as an adverb) … deto get, find decan sell mèi de chõ (See: mèi bù chõ: can't sell)much more … … deduñto lower, fall, drip, droplow (temperature, height, voice) dífalling to the ground dí zèi dðshèng… (as drops, droplets of) …dí (MW)his sweat became as drops of blood hènzhõ rö xuìdí shðdeabstinence díjiøbùzhènof poor quality díliìnail, spike díngzito bow one's head, lower one's head díxiareally, indeed, very much dîquìenemy dîrênbottom, underside, base dïtop, peak; highest; extremely, most, very dïngto carry on one's head, press the head against dïngto resist (e.g. the wind) dïng… (as things with a peak like hats or tents) …dïng (MW)that hat nèdïng mèozi (dïng here is a MW)end, limit (tip) dïngduånpeak, summit dïngféng



negative (photographic) dïpiènbelow, beneath, under dïxialand, earth, soil, ground, floor dðlocation, place dðto pass across, hand over, give dð…st, …nd, …rd, …th for ordinal numbers dð …1st, 2nd, 3rd dð yí, dð êr, dð sånearth (the great planet) dè dðearth dð qiöcondition, situation dðbùproperty (land owned) dðchçnarea, district, locality, region, zone dðdèilocation, place dðdiçnyounger brother dðdisecond (in order) dð'ìrplace, space, locality, zone dðfanglocal dðfång… (item having number … in the order) dðjï …to present, hand over (formally) dðjiåogeography dðlïwife of husband's younger brother (s'r-in-law) dðmìiground, ground surface, surface of the earth dðmiènto book [a ticket] dðngeven; to such an extent dðngto stabilize, fix, settle dðngcalm, stable; certainly, surely, definitely dðngto fix an agreement, confirm a relationship dðngto book a room dðng fængjiånto settle a contract dðng hêtongto get engaged dðng hõnto settle on a time, schedule a date; regularly dðng qíto subscribe for or order a magazine dðng zæzhðorder (made for goods to be supplied) dðnggôu[to get] engaged (for marriage) dðnghõnlaw (scientific, physical) dðnglþnormal, regular dðngqíthe earth, the planet, the globe dðqiödistrict, area, zone, region, part dðqõthird (in order) dðsånon earth [zèi] dðshang [de]carpet dðtçnthe tube, underground train, subway dðtië



map dðtörank, social status, station in life, position dðwìiranking dðwìi gåo demat dðxîwife of husband's younger brother (s'r-inlaw) dðxîthe underground dðxièroom under ground, basement, cellar dðxièshðbrother dðxiong, xiñngdðbrotherhood dðxiong-tuæntïfirst time dðyí cðhelicopter dðyùearthquake dðzhìnaddress dðzhïMediterranean Sea Dðzhñnghçilandlord dðzhøupside down diåndçoto engrave diåocarving diåokìpïnsculpture; to sculpt diåosùstatue diåoxièngspot, speck, dot, decimal point, o'clock diçnpoint of idea diçno'clock diçn [zhñng]to count off in a list, mark, punctuate, touch diçnto select, nod diçnto order a meal (restaurant service) diçn cèijust a touch, a bit, slightly; light, gentle diçn[r]… (as thoughts, suggestions of) …-diçn (MW)seven ideas qídiçn yðjièn (diçn here is a MW)to order (food) diçncèiceremony diçnlïpenalty (football) diçnqiötypical diçnxîngdelight meal, snack, refreshments diçnxino'clock diçnzhñngelectricity, power (electrical); electric diènshop, store, hotel dièntelegram diènbèorefrigerator diènbíngxiångtram (electric vehicle) diènchéescalator dièndông lòutíelectric light dièndéng



electric fan diènféngshèntelephone diènhuèto answer the telephone jié diènhuèto be on the telephone zèi dç diènhuètelephone number diènhuè hèomçtelephone operator diènhuè jiéxiènyuænvoicemail diènhuè liöyæntelephone book diènhuèbùtelephone booth diènhuètîngelectricity diènliöcomputer diènnçobutton (on equipment) diçnniøelectrical appliance diènqðelectric fan diènshèntelevision diènshðto show … on television diènshð shang yçn …television set diènshðjítelevision station diènshðtæiradio station, broadcasting station dièntæi; guçngbñ dièntæilift, elevator; escalator dièntífilm, movie, the pictures (cinematic) diènyïngcinema diènyïngyuènthe cinema is showing … diènyïngyuèn yçn …shopkeeper diènzhøelectron; electronic diènzï; diènziemail (electronic mail) diènzï yòujièn; diènzi yòujiènamusement arcade diènzï yòuxð fængelectronic diènzitable mat diènzicushion diènziemail (electronic mail) diènzi yòujièn; diènzï yòujiènto hoist, suspend, hang dièoto fish dièomelody, tune; despatch (staff), turn, swap dièoto fall, run out; to lose, turn, exchange dièoto involve a loss while … …dièoinvestigation; to investigate, research dièochæto fall dièoxièto fish (by a rod) dièoyöto drop, fall down diéto lose; to throw, throw away, lay aside diõto lose, misplace diõshí



to leave behind by mistake diõxièeast dñngwinter dñngnorth east; the north east provinces dñngbëieast, east side dñngbiåneast, the east, the orient dñngfångsouth-east dñngnænSouth-East Asia Dñngnænyèwintertime, winter dñngtiånthing, object dñngxiall, both; entirely; already dñunone dñu bùnot all bù dñueven … not [liån] … dñu bù; [liån] … dñu mêinone of X … (present or past without “have”) X dñu bù …none of X … (past event or with “have) X dñu mêi … (for: bù+le or bù+yóu)everyone, whosoever shêi dñueverything, whatsoever shênme dñuhood, bonnet, cap (on head) dñumèoto see, understand, know dóngto understand dóng; mingbai; lïjiëUnderstand? Dóngbödóng?to understand well, get to know dóngdêto know well a business or profession dónghængwise, having understand, sensible dóngshð(company) director, managing director dóngshðzhçngto activate, arouse, start, move, put to use dôngto make a movement, to displace dôngto freeze dôngcave, hole, pit dông…(as buildings) …dông (MW)eight buildings bådông lòufæng (dông here is a MW)to intimidate dônghìmotive dôngjímovement, activity, the sound of busy people dôngjingactive force; power, motive dônglðmoving (the emotions) dôngrênto set off, embark dôngshénto instigate, start, touch off, touch dôngshóudo not touch! wù dôngshóu!to freeze to death dôngsïanimal dôngwù



zoo dôngwùyuænto get started, mobilize dôngyuænactivity, action, activation, movement dôngzuôto kid, tease; amusing, funny dôubean dôu[zi]black beans dôuchïbeancurd, tofu dôufuto stay a while dôuliöto fight, struggle dôuzhéngto squat dõnto urge, press, strongly persuade dõncùto read; read aloud; to study dö (See also: lçngdö)to study at university dö dèxuêto poison, corrupt (someone's mind) döhèiindependence; independent dölðto be independent, to become independent dölðon one's own, independently; own dölðdedrug (not being used for medical purposes) döpïn (See also: yèopïn, fèn)unmarried, single döshénonly daughter döshéngnýonly son döshéngzïto read books, study books; to attend döshõpoison (poisonous substance) döwùpoison (drug) döyèoalone, on one's own dözð; dözð deto jam, block, hinder, obstruct dø[to be in a] traffic jam dø ché… (as walls) sðdø qiæng (dø here is a MW)gamble døbòdegree (Centigrade or angle); time, occasion dùFahrenheit huèshidùCentigrade shìshidùto experience, cross, pass through, go over dùto take a holiday dù jièferry dùchuænto pass by, pass, spend dù[guô]to experience, pass through (hard times) dùguô kùnnan shîqíto be jealous dùjð… (as meals) …dùn (nominal MW)one meal a day mëitiån yídùn fèn (dùn as a nominal MW)… (as actions or processes) …dùn (verbal MW)I got three beatings wó bìi dçle såndùn (dùn as a verbal MW)



belly stomach, tummy dùziend, tip, point; to balance something by hand duånDragon Boat Festival Day Duånwøjiêweakness, failing, fault duçnconcise, short (not long) duçnshortcoming, flaw, weakness duçnchùshort trousers, shorts duçnkùunderpants, shorts duçnnìikùshort period of time duçnqíshort period of time, moment; brief duçnzènbrief (of short in duration) duçnzènde… (as parts or sections of) …-duèn (MW)this section of highway nèduèn gñnglùto break, sever, cut off, lop duènparagraph duèntime of the end duèn zuðhoù de rðzito decide, conclude, judge duèndðngfrom time to time, intermittently duènduèn xùxùbroken off duènkåito exercise or train physically duènliènto declare formally; protest (in defence) duènyæn… piles, heaps (disorderly) … duíto pile up, heap (disorderly) duígroup, team, troupe, queue, row (of people) duðNo, as you say! (confirming negative words) shðde!! duð!No, the matter is as you say: [Yes, that idea is correct, as you say!] (confirming negative words) shðde! duð![Note that normally “Yes” or “No” are achieved by repeating the verb that was in the question. For example, if asked, “Do you not know?” and you know, the answer is, “(I) do know!”]both duðcorrect [See ‘shðde’], right, accurate duðregarding, re, with respect to, about, on, for duðto, towards (a person) duðagainst, versus duðto deal with, treat, cope with, face duð… (as couples, pairs of) …duð (MW)three married couples sånduð fõqí (duð here is a MW)to frown about … duð … zhôu mêitou



comparison, contrast, relationship (maths) duðbïto compare, contrast duðbïexcuse me; I'm sorry; to fail someone duðbuqïto deal with, handle, treat, behave towards duðdèithe opposite side or party duðfångto cope with, handle, deal with, manage with duðfù; duðfutwo way conversation, dialogue duðhuèto change, exchange (money) duðhuènexchange rate duðhuènlþdiagonally duðjiçodediagonal duðjiçoxiènopposed, in opposition duðlðdeopposite side; opposite (facing) duðmiènlocated opposite (facing) zèi duðmiènopponent, rival (physical challenge) duðshóuranks, troops duðwuto cash a cheque (or check) duðxiènaim, objective, goal; partner duðxièngobject of affections, boyfriend, girlfriend duðxièngmate, husband, wife, “partner” duðxièngre, respecting, regarding duðyöteam member duðyuænteam leader, captain duðzhçngcontrast duðzhèoto point (something at someone) duðzhønhow [far, much] duñ e.g how far, to what extent[?] duñshén[?] how much[?] duñshço[?] how much (relative) duñshao how far[?] duñ yuçn[?]many, more, much, extra duñ (See also: gìng, zèi)more than duñmore than … bï … duñmany, a lot of, numerous hën duñhigh rise building duñ cêng gåolòu (MW is [yî]zuô)how long[?] duñ chæng[?]how old[?] duñ dè[?]how big a …[?] duñ dè de …[?]how old? (to an older person) duñ dè niænjð? duñdè niænjð? (See: suð, jïsuð)how old? duñ dè suðshù?more (comparative) duñ yídiçnrhow far? duñ yuçn?



mostly duñbènhow old? (to an older person) duñdè niænjð? duñ dè niænjð? (See: suð, jïsuð)what a ...! such a ...! duñme …!how many? how much? duñshço?how much (relative) duñshçohow much? (money, price) duñshço qiæn?most, the majority duñshùexcess, left-over, extra, surplus duñyöunnecessary, surplus to requirements duñyödeovercast, cloudy duñyönto grab, rob, seize, snatch; fight for, win duòto grab by force; to seize duòqø…(as clouds, flowers) …duó (MW)some clouds jïduó yön (duó here is a MW)to avoid, elude, hide from duó[kåi]



< egift éncðkindness éndiçnmoth êgoose êforehead êRussia ÊguòRussian (person) Êguò-rênpebble ê'luçnshîand (joining two verbs or adjectives) … êr …[(adverb of manner) X] [(verb)Y ] (X) … (Y)and not, but not êrbecause [of], (linking the cause of an action with the action itself) êrchildren êrnýand, what is more, in addition, moreover êrqiërather, but is êrshð; êr shðchildren êrtòngson êrziextra êwèideear ërduoearrings ërhuænhungry; to starve ìbe hungry, got hunger ì leharm ìguódeterioration, bad change ìhuèplague ìjîbe hungry, got hunger ìletwo ìr (See also liçng used with a MW)second-class (ticket) ìrdënga two-stringed musical instrument ìrhötwenty ìrshîFebruary Ìryuìson ìrzito starve to death ìsïRussian (language especially written) ÊwênRussian (language especially spoken) Êyø





< fto send (an email, fax etc.), despatch, issue fåto send out, develop, start new growth or state fåto become, get (a condition, state) fåto daydream få bæirðmèngto send a fax få chuænzhénto email få diènzi yòujiènmad få féngto flare up, flare up into a temper få huóto send an email få yímìirto issue, publish, express fåbiçoto grow rich fåcæito stink fåchôuto send out, issue, emit fåchõdeveloped, prosperous fådæto start, launch, mobilize fådôngengine, motor fådôngjíto shake, shiver, tremble fådóuto present (an award) fågëito glow fåguångto bring into use; to develop, elaborate on fåhuíshiny fåliènginvention; to invent fåmîngto turn over; to leaf through; translate, cross fånto search, go over; to increase, multiply fånto turn over fåndçodirection; party in a contract; side fångsquare fångplan, plot, scheme fång'ènhandy, convenient fångbiènto go to the convenience, toilet fångbiènmanner, way, method fångfç (MW is [yð]zhóng)chequered, checked (pattern) fånggêderoom (in a hotel) fångjiånChinese (square) characters fångkuèizðways, side, aspect, angle, hand, respect fångmiènon one hand … on the other hand yð fångmièn … yð fångmiènmethod, way, manner, style, formula fångshð (MW is [yð]zhóng)to cross over (a mountain, etc.) fån'guòover; to turn over fån'guôlæiposition, place (allocated ) fångwìi



square (in shape) fångxîngdedirection, whichway fångxièngdialect fångyænpolicy, key principle fångzhénkite fångzhengtomato fånqiêtranslation; interpreter, translator fånyðtranslator, interpreter; to translate, interpret fånyðinvoice fåpièoheater fårìqðfever; to have a high fever fåshåoto happen, occur fåshéngwhat happened fåshéng shênme shð?discovery, findings; to discover, find fåxiènto make a speech fåyænto grow, develop, expand, continue fåyængto itch fåyçngpronunciation; to pronounce fåyínto pronounce … få … de yíndevelopment, expansion; to develop fåzhçnto punish fæfine; to penalize, fine, charge a fine fækuçnlaw, legislation (country's rules) fælþall, every fænto irritate, annoy; irritated, bothered, annoyed fænbothered, fed up with, tired of fænattic fændïngshðproperty (house owned) fængchçnburglar alarm fængdèo jïngbèoqilandlord fængdñngroom fængjiånsunscreen lotion fængshèiyòuto prevent fængzhïbuilding, house, room fængzirent, hire fængzõunhappy, upset fænmìnvexed, worried, troubled, bothered fænnçotroublesome fænnçodedisturbance, bother fænrçowealth, prosperity; prosperous fænròngto make prosperous fænròngwhatever …; everything fænshð … [dñu]



method, way, law fçjudge (court) fçguånFrance FçguòFrench (in general) FçguòdeFrench person FçguòrênPharisee Fçlðsaðpèiback to front fçnreactionary fçndôngagainst; to oppose; to fight against; combat fçnduð (See also: dïng, nð, kèo, yï)to object, protest fçnduðto oppose a scheme fçnduð yîge jðhuèopponent (debate, argument, viewpoint) fçnduðzhërepeatedly fçnfùapparently, as it seems; to appear, seem fçngfövisit; to call on; to visit (formally) fçngwìnpatterned fçngzèodetextile making, weaving, spinning fçngzhíto turn back, go back, return fçnhuîthe reverse, opposite side; wrong side fçnmiènreversed, backwards fçnxièngdereflection, mirroring fçnyðngto reflect, express, make known, report fçnyðngresponse, reaction; to react fçnyðngno way, not in any case fçnzhìnganyway fçnzhìnglaw court fçtîngFrench (language especially written) Fçwênlaw (as a subject of study) fçxuêFrench (language especially spoken) Fçyølaw court fçyuènmethod, way fçzihair fèfood, meal; portion of food fènto break, violate (the law) fènto make, do, commit (an error, a wrong) fènfood, meal, cooked rice fènto make a mistake fèn cuôwudrug pusher, drug seller fèndö de rênafter meals fèn hôubefore meals fèn qiændish (a particular preparation) fèncèirestaurant, hotel fèndièn



crime fènfç xîngwêito place, put down, let go of, let off, shoot fèngto release, to ease, adjust fèngto play, show (a recording) fèngto play, put on (recorded music) fèng; bñfèngto pasture, care for, tend, herd fèngto blow up, magnify in size, to enlarge fèngdèto put away in a suitable place fènghçoto put back in its proper place fènghuîto go off on holiday, take time off fèngjièto release grip, let go, stop holding fèngkåi (See also: shðfèng)clear (weather condition) fèngqîngleto ease, loosen, relax fèngsñngrestaurant fèn'guçnto put on a CD fèngshang yðzhång guångpænto feel at ease, relieved fèngxínto put down, lay down, place down fèngxièto let out of school classes fèngxuêafter meals fènhôuto sell, push (drugs) fènmèibefore meals fènqiænculprit, prisoner (lawbreaker kept in prison) fènrêndining room fèntîngrange, scope, area fènwêifield of authority, jurisdiction fènwêicrime, offence fènzuð (MW is [yð]zhóng)to commit sin, commit a crime fènzuðcriminal (sinful) fènzuð dehairstyle fèxîngto fly féiabsolutely must …; to insist on féi … bù këpart-time féi quænrðvery, extremely, unusually, exceptionally féichængmad, furious, very angry féichæng shénqðillegal féifçaeroplane, airplane féijípilot (flying) féijí jièshïyuæn (MW is [yð]mîng)airport féijíchçngPhilippines FéilþbínPhilippino, Filipino (in general) FéilþbíndePhilippino, Filipino (people) FéilþbínrênPhilippino, Filipino language (esp. spoken) Féilþbínyø



optional féiqiængzhðdeflying, flight féixîngpilot (flying) féixîngyuæn (MW is [yð]mîng)flying féixiængAfrica FéizhñuAfrican (thing) Féizhñu deAfrican (person) Féizhñurênfraction, divided part, minute part fénX of Y parts of the whole Y fén zhí Xfour fifths wù fén zhí sðminute (of an hour) fén[zhñng]cent, fen, point fénsub-, branch (office) fénto divide, separate, distinguish fénto share, give a share, get a share, distribute fénstanza fén ... zøto part, leave, bid farewell fénbiêdifferently; separately, respectively fénbiêto divide; to be divided into fénchêngbranch of a departmental store féndiènhand out fénfåone straight after another, successively fénfénto give an instruction, tell, order fénfùorder, instruction fénfuwind, storm; customary practice, habit féng… (as letters and telegrams of) …féng (MW)six telegrams liùféng diènbèo (féng here is a MW)to close up, seal féngbee, wasp féngmad, crazy, insane féngstorm féngbèoto divide (something into so many parts) féngchêngback cover féngdïto make plentiful; plenty of, abundant féngfùstyle, manner fénggê (MW is [yð]zhóng)scenery, view, landscape, panorama féngjïngcrazy, insane féngkuængdeelement fénglèngwind power, power of the wind fénglðhoney féngmðfront cover féngmiènorgan (musical) féngqîn



good harvest féngshôugeomancy, wind and water féngshuisocial customs and traditions féngsöclosed (road) féngsuócooking, cuisine féngwìi fèncèichicken feet féngzhçobranch (of a bank) fénhængextension (telephone) fénjíto separate, put apart, part, split up fénkåibroken off fénkåileseparate fénlîdeto distribute, allocate, assign fénpìito bid farewell, separate, part fénshóuto separate (a couple splits) fénshóumark, grade (in examinations) fénshùanalysis; to analyze fénxíminute (of an hour) fénzhñngfat; fertile, rich (soil) fêilarge, loose (clothes) fêifertile fêiwôdesoap fêizèoa bar of soap yðtiæo fêizèo (yðtiæo is a MW)to meet by chance fêngto sew fêngto mend (sewing, stitching) fêngbøgrave, tomb fênmù (Hebrew: Xíwõ'ër; Greek: Hçidðsí)powder fënchalk fënbïto satirize fëngcðpink, rosy fënhòngpink colour[ed] fënhòngsìuseless, waste, scrapped, discarded, dumped fìilungs fìicharges, fee, fees fìito use up, consume, waste fìito consume much time fìi shîjiånnonsense fìihuècost, expense, amount used up fìiyông… (as portions, shares of) …fìn (MW)a few portions of lunch jïfìn wøfèn (fìn here is a MW)… (as copies of newspapers, scripts) …fìn (MW)a pair of magazines liçngfìn zæzhð (fìn here is a MW)



to struggle to achieve a purpose fìndôuthrough (in the name of) fìng … de mîngto press, struggle fìnlðanger, wrath, indignation; angry, wrathful fìnnùundeserved kindness fìnwèi éndiçnBuddhism FòjièoBuddhist (in general) FòjièodeBuddhist (people) Fòjièotöto deny, negate, decide against fóudðngnegative (denying, prohibiting) fóudðng denegative, decision against fóudðngcîto deny fóurìnelse; if not, otherwise, or else fóuzêMr, and Mrs.; husband and wife fõfõhusband and wife fõqíwife (formal), madam fõrento prop up by hand föto be submissive, subordinate, obedient to fö còngto float, drift fö… (as images, pictures of, … copies of) …-fö (MW)(an) illustration (yðfö) huèblessing, happines, good fortune föto support föchîto be submissive, subordinate föcòngto obey, be obedient to föcòngobedient föcòngderange (extent) födùto fit with, conform to, coincide föhêto measure up föhê biåozhønlogical föhê luòjí decaptive, prisoner föløto raise föqirail (hand rail) föshóuarmchair föshóuyïservice föwùreception föwùtæiassistant, housestaff, waiter, waitress föwùyuænto bring up (children) föyçnginstruction (for taking medicines) föyông fångfçuniform, costume fözhuångcorrupt, corrupted, rotten, decayed føbèito tutor, train, coach, advise fødço



rotten følèndeaxe føtòu (MW is [yî]bç )to raise (children) føyçngaxe føzi (MW is [yî]bç )womb, belly fùto pay (rent, interest, etc.) fù… (as doses of Chinese medicine) …fù (MW)…(as sets, pairs of) …fù (MW)… (as facial gestures) …fù (MW)that smiling face nèfù xièoliçn (fù here is a MW)vice-, sub-, deputy, assistant fùside-, secondary, subsidiary fùrich, well off, wealthy fùnegative (value below zero) fùnegative (condition of electrical charge) fùfather fù qín; fùqin; bèbato pay (money) fù qiænto pay bills fù zhèngcopy fùbënabdomen fùbùload, burden; to carry a load, to bear, sustain fùdånto afford fùdèndeqïresurrection; ressurected fùhuòEaster Fùhuò jiê“Happy Easter” “Fùhuò jiê kuèile!”Easter egg Fùhuò jiê cçidènclose, near; closely, nearby fùjðnparents fùmøwoman fùnýto pay fùqiænfather fùqin; fù qín; bèbato revise, review, check fùxîto reply (in writing) fùxðnnearby [zèi] …fùyðncopy, duplicate, photocopy; to photocopy fùyðnphotocopier (machine) fùyðnjíphotocopy fùyðnjiènwealthy fùyóuderich, wealthy, well off fùyùdecomplex, complicated fùzæresponsible, conscientious fùzêto be responsible, to take care of fùzê



to take the blame fùzê



< gshould, ought to, have to gåithis one, that one, the one just mentioned gåiought to; ought to have … (but didn't) bën gåi; bën yíng[gåi]curry gålîdry gån[zèo]to adopt gånpale, post, pole, stake gånliver gån“Cheers!” “Bottoms up!” (toasting) gånbéi!hay gåncçofrank, straightforward; frankly, simply, just gåncuðright now, in just a moment; just about to gångright now, just a moment ago gångexactly, just (amount) gångexactly, just (amount) gångsteel gångawkward, embarrassed (feeling) gån'gèfountain pen gångbï (MW is [yð]zhí )just a few moments ago, just now gångcæiheight, altitude; highly gångdùjust a few moments ago, just now gånggångback passage of abdomen gångmênpiano gångqinsteel gångtiëfamine gånhèn (MW is [yð]chçng)clean gånjðngcitrus gånjöshødeinterference; to interfere, muddle gånshìdry gånzèosugarcane gånzhìtall, high, superior; loudly, in a high voice gåotall and big gåodèadvanced, high, higher (education) gåodëngcake, pastry gåodiçn (MW is [yî]kuèi)level (in height) gåodùgolf gåo'ërfõqiöCambodia GåomiænCambodian (See: German: of, person, lang.) Gåomiæn [-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)mountain gåoshånmotorway gåosù gñnglù



male private parts gåowænhappy, delighted, glad, pleased gåoxðngelegant gåoyça patch, plaster (for skin) gåoyèohighland, plateau gåoyuænsenior high school gåozhñng; gåojî zhñngxuêto correct, change, alter, rectify, transform gçitransformation, change (of conditions) gçibiçnto change, transform (situation, conditions) gçibièntransfiguration gçibièn xîngmèoto change one's mind gçibièn zhøyðreform, reformation; to reform gçigêto turn around and change ways gçiguo-zðxínimprovement; to improve gçijðnto ameliorate, improve, change gçiliængimprovement; to improve, make better gçishèntransformation, reformation, change gçizèoto transform, reshape, reform gçizèoto amend, rectify, correct gçizhìngto chase, drive away, rush, hurry, catch gçnto dare, be sure, have courage to gçnbold, daring, very confident gçnto feel, sense gçnto rush home gçn huî jiåto catch the bus gçn chéto be interested [in …X…] [duð …X…] gçn xðngqùto chase out, chase away gçnchõto sense, feel gçndèoto feel ashamed gçndèo cænkuðto feel astonished; feeling astonished gçndèo jíngyèto feel nervous gçndèo jïnzhångto feel excited; feeling excited gçndèo xíngfìnto feel regret, to regret gçndèo yîhènto move, be moved, emote, touch gçndñngtouching, emotive, moving gçndñngto move, touch gçndôngmoved to …, having been moved to … gçndông deThanksgiving Day Gçn'énjîharbour, port gçngharbour, port gçngkóuto feel appreciation, thankful, grateful gçnjífeeling, perception; to feel, perceive, sense gçnjuê



to feel O.K. (feel there's no health problem) gçnjö böcuôstraight away, at once, hurriedly gçnkuèihurry up! gçnkuèi!olive gçnlçnolive coloured gçnlçnsì deolive oil gçnlçn yòuthe flu, a cold; to have a cold gçnmèofeeling, affection, emotions, sentiments gçnqînginfection (spoiling) gçnrçnto catch up on gçnshèngfeeling, feelings, impressions gçnxiçngto be grateful, appreciative; thanks, gratitude gçnxiìto thank gçnxiìto be interested in gçn xðngqùto do a job, to do some [work] gço [gñngzuô]to establish, arrange, be involved in gçoto do a job, to do some [work] gço [gñngzuô]to mix up (different things at the same time) gçohùnto mix up (different things as the same) gçohùnto build, construct, deck, cover gèito apply, fix using gèigeneral summary, to summarize, generalize gèikuôidea, concept gèiniènstamp (using ink) gèizhångcover, lid gèizito do, work, make do gènwhy? What on earth is the reason? gènwhatever are you doing? nï gènmæ?governmental officer, staff gènbùto work on something gèn huò(r)to tell, inform gèoto accuse, sue gèoto take leave of, bid farewell to gèobiêto warn, admonish gèojiìto say to; tell; inform gèosu; (gèosù)to place, put down, set aside, shelve géto lop off, cut, fell géto mow gésong géarm (limb) gébolawnmower gécçojíto mow the grass gé cço (See also: xiõjiçn)



elder brother gégeopera géjù (MW is [yî]bù)to follow génto (speaking with) tòng …; gén …with (company) tòng …; gén … yðqïand génroot, base, foot, foundation, cause, origin gén… (as long, thin objects) …gén (MW)this rope zhìgén xhéngzi (gén here is a MW)compared with … gén … bïjièoto contact, get in touch with … gén … liænxðto consult, talk over with à gén … shångliang[along] with … gén … [yðcï]toward; [acting on] gén[to learn X] with Y, [to learn X] from Y gén Y [xuê X]to accompany, follow with génroot, base, foundation; fundamental, basic génbënthoroughly, completely génbënabsolutely no … génbën bùfollowed génconglecultivated land, ploughed land; to plough géngdðbasis, grounds, fundamental reason génjùon the basis; according to; per génjùto base on; according to génjùRevelations Génjù qïshðlùnear, close in front of génqiænaccompanied; following génsuîto follow along with, follow behind génzhesong géqøto divide, separate, section gêat an interval of time later gêa day later gê yðtiån zèiat a set distance apart gêmussel gêbìinext door gêbðattic gêlòurevolution; to revolt gêmðngespecially, even more so, all the more gêwèipigeon gêzito give gëi[and really gave it, too] … (for emphasis) [geï] … (bç, rèng, jièo)to allow to …; let gëi …; rèng …



to let (me/us) see; to show (me/us) … gëi … kènto put up … (give them a place to stay) gëi … tîgông zhùchùto make an impression gëi rên shénkì yðnxièngto, for, on behalf of (the one who benefits) wìi (…); gëi (…)to give to you sông gëi nïhere you are, here it is for you gëi nïby … (by the agent in passive expression) gëi …your father was seen by me nï bèba gëi wó kènjièn lêmore gëngmore …; …-er gëng …better gëng hço de…(measure word used generally) …gì, -ge (MW)every (manner, sort) gì(yèng)individual, few, rare, sparse gìbiêincreasingly, even more gìng…er, more … (forming comparatives) gìng…for a longer time gìng chængshôueven more gìng duñeven more gìng jiåfor a longer time gìngchængshôumore of (something) gìngduñdebetter gìnghçoworse gìnghuèileeven more gìngjiåless of (something) gìngshçodethe individual (abstractly); one, oneself gìrênpersonal, one's own, private gìrên deevery kind of gìshð-gìyèngself-, private, individual gìtïnature, fundamental disposition gìxðngpersonality, personal character gìxðngevery manner, all sorts gìyèngall kinds gìzhóng gìyèng debeauty gìzhóng këguiheight, stature gìzð(measure word used generally - form of gì ) …-ge (MW)to provide, supply gñngcan support financially gñng de qïpublic security gñng'ånpolice gñng'ånjöbulletin of news, information bulletin gñngbèoannounce to the public gñngbù



factory, industrial unit gñngchçngengineering project, construction gñngchêngthe engineering profession gñngchêngengineer gñngchêngshímeter, metre gñngchïreasonable (in price) gñngdèospeaking in public gñngdèohuèpublic (for the public, e.g. public holiday) gñngdðngpalace gñngdièncentimetre gñngfénat public expense gñngfìispare time, leisure time gñngfuwork, effort, skill gñngfumartial arts, kung-fu gñngfupublic, common, of the community gñnggôngpublic transport gñnggñng jiåotñngbus (lit. public together steam vehicle) gñnggông qðchébus stop gñnggông qðché zhèntrade union gñnghuðattack (war) gñngjíkilogram gñngjínto support, provide for, provide, supply gñngjïcraftsperson gñngjièngbank holiday gñngjièrðwork instrument, tool gñngjùopen, open for the public, known to the public gñngkåito make public; publically gñngkåihomework, assignment gñngkìcredit, service, contribution gñnglæokilometre gñnglïhighway gñnglùcitizen gñngmîncemetery gñngmùbull, ox gñngniö (MW is [yð]tòu)justice, impartiality, fairness gñngpîngjust, impartial, fair, reasonable gñngpîngworker[s] gñngrêncommune gñngshìobedient gñngshùncompany, corporation, firm gñngsíbriefcase gñngwênbåoofficial (concerning duties) gñngwù



industry; industrial gñngyìindustrial gñngyì deindustrialization gñngyìhuèarts and crafts gñngyð mëishùto supply gñngyðnghandmade thing gñngyðpïnpublic, public use, for use by the public gñngyôngpublic telephone gñngyông diènhuèflat, apartment gñngyùappartment block gñngyùlòu (MW is [yî]zhuèng)park, a common, gardens gñngyuænCommon Era (CE) GñngyuænBefore our Common Era (BCE) Gñngyuænqiænneat (handwriting) gñngzhëngjustice, impartiality, fairness gñngzhìngjust, impartial, fair gñngzhìngprincess gñngzhøsalary, wages gñngzíbow (arched strung implement) gñngziwork, employment, job; ministry; to work gñngzuôstaff (of firm) gñngzuô rênyuænday of the week (working day) gñngzuôrðhook (for hanging things up) gñu[zi]common gòngtôngcommon grave gòngtông fênmùstrong, firm, solid; to strengthen gónggùdog góutogether; altogether, in total gôngheating system gông nuçn xðtóngheating (provision of warmth) gông rìcommunism gôngchçn zhøyðthe Communist Party Gôngchçndçngrepublic gônghêguòcommon; in common, jointly, together gôngtòngco-operation gôngtòng hê zuôcontribution; to contribute gôngxiènto dedicate, devote gôngxiènto comprise, constitute gôuchêngadequate, sufficient; fairly, quite, rather gôuto attain, measure up to, hit (a standard) gôuto reach (a standard) gôuto reach (by extending out to) gôu



frame (structural) goùjièto shop, go shopping gôuwùconstruction, structure, building gôuzèolonely gõdöorphan gõ'êrfather's younger sister; aunt gõgualone gõjõn-zuôzhènestimate, assessment; to estimate, appraise gõjðisolated, remote, alone gõlðaunt, father's sister gõgufather's elder sister; aunt gõmøgirl, young girl gõniangvulnerable, helpless (due to being sick, weak) gõruô dehusband of father's sister; uncle gõzhèngbone götouskeleton götou jièziancient, old-fashioned, classical gødrum gøolden times; in olden times gø shîhoubarn gøcångadvocacy, to advocate gøchuíancient times; ancient gødèiclassical gødiçnto stir up, incite gødôngodd, strange gøgèiashes of a dead body gøhuíhistoric site, remains gøjðancient, handed down from ancient times, old gølçoencouragement; to encourage [to] gølðto roll, get rolling, buzz off gønbone gøtouantiques gøwænancient Chinese gøwênencouragement; to inspire, encourage [to] gøwøapplause, clapping; to applaud, clap hands gøzhçngto care for, manage, attend to, consider gùto turn and observe gùnormal, regular gùdðngdeclient, customer gùkìpole, stick gùnstory, tale gùshirod, stick, baton gùnzi



solid gùtïdehome town gùxiångintentionally, deliberately gùyðemployment gùyôngemployee gùyuænemployer gùzhømelon, pumpkin, gourd guåto scrape; to blow guåwindy (blow wind) guå féngrazor guåhödåo (MW is [yð]bç )to shave guå hözirazor guåliçndåo (MW is [yð]bç )to close, lock; close down guånto involve, concern, be a matter for guånthis is my business zhì guån wóde shðto close the door guån mêngovernment, supervising authority, official guånshut, closed guånbðobservation, examination, check guånchæto observe, examine, watch carefully guånchæto involve, have a major bearing on guåndèoviewpoint, point of view, standpoint, angle guåndiçnto turn off, shut off guåndièoofficial (from public authority) guånfång [de]shower guånfõlight; to shine guångbrightness, light, beam, ray, glory guånglight from sun or moon guångshiny, reflective, smooth, bald; used up guångjust, simply, purely, only, solely, alone guånga beam of light yîdèo guånga beam of light yîshù guångjust talking, talking alone guång shuñCD guångdiêeven (smooth as of a fine surface like paper) guånghuæ[de] (See also: pînghuæ )glory, brilliance; glorious, brilliant guånghuílight; bright, showing potential; open, frank guångmîngCD guångpænCD-ROM guångpæn yuìdöqðglory, esteem, honour; to glorify, honour guångròngbald guångtõdebare tree guångtõtõ de shù



sightseeing guån'guånglight, beam, ray guångxiènenlightenment guångzhèoto show care for guånhuæito emprison guånjðn jiånyùthe main point, nub of the matter, key, crux guånjièncritical (of crisis, of a turning point) guånjiènto watch, look at, view guånkènoff (turned off) guånleto close the door; to close for business guånmênclosed, shut (door or shop) guånmêncrown guånmiçnconcept guånniènto shut, close (e.g. closing the door) guånshèng; guånshangto put off the switch, switch off guånshangclosed, shut guånshèngleduty (import tax) guånshuðcare, concern, attention guånxínto care about; have concern for; focus on guånxínrelationship, connection, relevance, import guånxiconnection (association) guånxi… being the cause or reason; because of … … de guånxito matter, be a reason to worry or mind yóu guånxinetwork guånxðwçngabout, on the subject of … guånyö …about, concerning guånyöofficer, official (of government) guånyuænto tend, watch over, look after guånzhèoaudience, observer, spectator, watcher guånzhông (See also: tîngzhông)widow guçfùto turn guçito limp; to take a turning along the route guçicrutch (prop to help lame walk) guçizhèng (MW is [yð]gên)to manage, supervise, run guçnto bother about, mind, concern oneself over guçntube, pipe guçnbroadcast guçngbñemission, transmission, broadcast guçngbñto emit, broadcast, transmit guçngbñon the radio (transmitted, broadcast) zèi guçngbñ libroadcasting station, radio station guçngbñ dièntæibroadcaster, announcer guçngbñyuæn



public square guçngchçngsquare, town square guçngchçngnumerous, manifold, extensive, vast, great guçngdèwide-ranging, covering a wide range guçngdèCanton (province) Guçngdñngfar-reaching; widespread, extensive guçngfènadvertising, advertisement guçnggèoposter, hoarding, billboard guçnggèo pæienormous, great, vast, broad, wide guçngkuôspacious, broad guçngkuôdeGuangzhou, Canton GuçngzhñuCantonese (language) Guçngzhñuhuèmanagement; to manage, succeed guçnlïto control traffic guçnlï jiåotñnggreater than guçnxiæorchestra guçnxiæn yuìduðtube, pipe (for water, gas) guçnziplumber guçnzigñngto hang up, hang (pictures) guèto phone, hang up the phone receiver guèto ring, phone guè diènhuèto be anxious over, concerned about guèto register, record guèto put down the telephone guèduèn diènhuèto register, book in; registered, booked guèhèoregistered letter, registered post guèhèoxðnto blame; unusual, strange, odd guèino surprise, hence guèibudepot (vessel used for preserving things) guènzito carry out, put into practice, implement guènchêto walk around, roam, stroll guèngto go looking around the shop, window shop guèng shångdiènchampion guènjõnbush guènmùcòngcan, tin guèntòuto put up, post (a sign) guèqïto pass back to, go back to guíto be for X's attention to guíto transfer to X for attention guírequirement, rule, regulation; to regulate guídðngcompulsory guídðngdeformal (style of language) guífèn



to give back, return guíhuænto blame guíjiùrules guíjùwell-behaved guíjùdebasic law, natural pattern guílþrange, magnitude, scale guímòregulation, requirement, rule guízêdevil, ghost, -ard guïa path, route, way (for things to get through) guïdèo (MW is [yð]tiæo)expensive, costly; honourable; good- guðto kneel guðguest of honour guðbíncounter (for payment or getting tickets) guðtæito kneel down guðxiagreat price, great value guðzhôngvery precious guðzhông decupboard guðzipan, pot, saucepan guñboiler guñlönation, state, country guònational anthem guògéparliament guòhuð; yðhuðnationality guòjîinternational guòjðchess guòjð xièngqîcountry, nation, state guòjiånational guòmînnational economy guòmîn jíngjðnational income guòmîn shñurùNationalist Party, Kuomintang Guòmîndçngnational flag guòqîNational Day guòqðng [Jiê]king guòwængabroad guòwèito go abroad chõguòto return from abroad còng guòwèi huîlaito be abroad zèi guòwèistate-run guòyîngnational language (esp. in Taiwan and H.K.) Guòyønation guòzöfruit guójam, marmalade guójièng (See also: jözi jièng)



indeed, happening just as expected, surely guórænfruitage guóshîorchard guóyuænjuice guózhíjelly (wobbly dessert) guózðdôngto pass, spend (time), celebrate guôto live one's life; to lead one's life guôcelebrate the New Year guô niæncelebrate birthdays guô shéngrito cross over, traverse guô (See also: chuånguô)to go across the road guô mçlùto run across the road pçoguô mçlùto check a list of items over guô… to completion, … thoroughly (to success) …guôover to; after guôpast (o'clock) guôlater guô yíhuïrtoo …, excessively … guô …course, process, development; becoming guôchêngfault guôcuôto enjoy oneself guôde kuèihuòexcessive, too much guôfìnto exaggerate, to flatter guôjiçngto come over, come back guôlæire-… …guôlaioverdose guôlièng yông yèothe past, time over; previous, former guôqùin the past zèi guôqùpast, former guôqù; guôqùde; guôqù deto pass, cross, pass over, pass through guôquto go past … còng … pængbiån guôqu… going in the direction away, … off …guôqu… over (becoming abnormal) …guôquto manage to … …guôquto exceed guôrênold-fashioned (thoughts, style of dress) guôshî de (See: shóujiù de)to stay overnight guôyìhave ever done; have you ever -guo (suffixed to a verb)



< h(expression of laughter or satisfaction) håhåstill, also, fairly; ever so hæisurprisingly, actually hæiyet, not yet hæi mêiyóueven now, still yet … hæi … neto recall hæi jðdejust so so hæi këyïthere's more … hæi yóu …turtle (marine) hæiguíor, alternatively (as used in questions) … hæishð …; … hæishi …had better [not] hæishð [bù]offspring, child, son, daughter hæizito contain; to hold by the mouth hænrow, line, profession, trade hæng…(as lines of) …hæng (MW)ten lines of cutomers shîhæng gùkì (hæng here is a MW)aeronautics, flight, aviation; carried by air hængkñngairmail hængkñng yòujiènairmail letter hængkñngxðnSouth Korea Hæn'guòSouth Korean (person) Hæn'guòrên[to post] by air hængkñngto sail hængxîngvague hænhödewinter break, holiday hænjðvery cold, wintery cold, bitter hænlëngleaded petrol hænqiån qðyòumeaning hænyð (MW is [yð]zhóng)Korean (language, especially spoken) Hænyøoyster hæonot the slightest bit of hæobùluxury hotel hæohuæ lýguçnluxurious hæohuædemillimetre hæomïwithout the least bit of hæowösea, high sea, ocean hçisurface mail, by sea/road hçi/lù yòujðbeach, seashore, coast hçi'ènbeach, seashore hçibiånpirate hçidèo



port hçigçngcustoms [house] hçiguånnavy hçijõnsponge hçimiænbeach hçitånbay hçiwånabroad, overseas hçiwèiseafood hçixiånnarrows, strait hçixiæocean, marine waterways, oceans and seas hçiyæng[to post] by sea hçiyùnto shout, call out loudly, cry out hçnrare (seldom met) hçnjiènfine, good, well; easy to, pleasant to; so that hçovery, quite hçofor a long time, since ages ago hço jiødelicious, tasty hçochí (de)benefit, advantage, good point hçochùprofit, gain, advantage hçochùOK hçodethoroughly, carefully hçohçor [de]for a long time, since ages ago hçojiønice-looking, attractive, beautiful; interesting hçokènpleasant to the ear hçotínginteresting, fascinating, fun hçowænrto seem, be like, resemble hçoxièngfunny hçoxièoa good number of, plenty of hçoxiéto get better hçozhuçnharm, badness, damage, disadvantage, injury hèito harm, damage, trouble, kill, murder hèito fall ill, become sick hèi bðngharm hèichufear, dread; to be afraid, to dread hèipèafraid, frightened, nervous hèipèashamed (feeling of shame) haðsèoto be ashamed gçndço hèisèoperspiration, sweat hènto perspire, sweat chõ hènhamburger Hènbçobåounderpants, shorts hènkùteeshirt hènshån



Chinese (language, especially spoken) Hènyødrought hènzåiChinese characters HènzðHan nationality Hènzöthe Han people Hènzö-rênnumber (of a house, fit, etc.); mark, sign hèohorn, sound of the horn (instrument) hèo…-th (in dates) … hèoto be fond of; to tend tonumber (as for telephone, telex, fax numbers and car registration plates) hèomçnumber plate (vehicle) hèomçpæicall, summoning appeal; to call summon hèozhèorat, mouse hèozito drink; to consume alcohol hésomething to drink hé deblack, dark héi [de]Hey! héiblack pepper héi höjiåosweet soy sauce héi jièngyòublackcurrants héi pötaogåndarkness; black, dark héi'ènblackboard, chalk board héibçnblackberry héimêiblack colour[ed] héisì [de]mole héizhðintoxicated, drunk, inebriated hézuð; zuðto get drunk, be drunken hézuðto combine, join; bring together, close hêto meet with agreement; to equal, add up to hêtogether, jointly with others hêsuitable; meeting wishes hêand, as well as; with (linking similar parties) hêto (speaking with) hê…; tòng …;with (company) tòng …; hê … [yðqï]river hêcase, box hêkind, caring hê'çibank (of a river) hê'ènwhy bother doing …? …hêbðsynthetic hêchêngdenuclear power-station hêdiènzhèn (MW is [yî]zuô)



legal hêfçpartner (in business) hêhuórên…, not to mention … …, hêkuèng …Holland, Netherlands HêlænDutch (things in general) HêlændeDutch (person) HêlænrênDutch language (especially written) HêlænwênDutch language (especially spoken) Hêlænyøsnowpeas hêlændôureasonable, logical, reasoning hêlïlevel, horizontal, across, transverse hêngacross hêngguôeverlasting hêngjuï demark, track, trace hênjípeace hêpîngpeaaceful hêpîngdesensible hêqînglïdeto close, cover hêqïgentle, kind, polite hêqðwhen hêshîsuitable hêshðcassette hêshð cîdèisuitable, compatible, fitting hêshðdeworthwile hêsuènto count, calculate hêsuènagreement, contract hêtòngnuclear weapons hêwøqðcentral, nuclear hêxín denuclear war hêzhènzhéng (MW is [yð]chçng)joint venture hêzí qïyìbox (of cardboard) hêzico-operation; to co-operate hêzuôpartner in business; business partner hêzuôzhëvery, indeed, surely, much, quite hënmany, a lot of, numerous hën duñlikely, probably hën kënêngmuch, many, a lot, numerous hënduñquickly hënkuèideseldom, rarely hënshçohatred, hate; to hate, regret hìnbrown colour[ed] hìsì[de]grilled, toasted, roasted hñngkço



red hòng (de)black tea hòng chætraffic lights hòng lþdéngred wine hòng pötaojiøhot dog hòngxhæng miènbæotraffic lights hònglþdéngred banner, red flag hòngqîred colour[ed] hòngsì [de]flood hòngshuïthroat hòulòngmonkey hòuzilater; after hôuafter… … hôulast, rear, latter hôubehind [zèi] … hôu[bian]behind [zèi] … hoù[mian]deep, thick, large, generous hôubehind [zèi] … hôubiandescendant, offspring hôudèiheel (of shoe) hôugénaftermath, result, after-effect, consequence hôuguóto regret, feel remorse, have after-thoughts hôuhuïafterwards, later hôulæiback door hôumênrear, back, tail hôumiènbehind, after, later [zèi] … hoùmianthe year after next hôuniænSecond Book Hôushõthe day after tomorrow hôutiåndescendant hôuyðto shout, call out; to breathe out hõto exhale hõchõto shout hõhçnto call (as in prayer) hõhuènto faint hõndçowedding hõnlïcoma; to be in a coma, to go unconscious hõnmîmarriage hõnyínin a rush, suddenly hõrænto ignore, overlook hõshðbreathing, respiration, breath; to breathe hõxícooking pot, kettle, coffee pot, jug hö



lake höbutterfly hödiêpepper höjiåofox höliconfused hölihöturecklessly, hastily, thoughtlessly höluèncarrot höluòboall over the body hönshéntalking of nonsense; to talk nonsense höshuñwalnut hötaolane, passage, alleyway hötôngconfused (in the mind) hötubeard höxõbeard, moustache hözidoor hù… (as households) …hù (MW)to associate, mix with hùlð-hùmiçnto trick, confuse, con, pretend to be, pass as hùnto drift along, muddle through, coast hùnto get along together [with] hùn [gén]to mix hùnhêmixed hùnhêdemixture hùnhêwù (MW is [yð]zhóng)confusion, disorder, chaos, mayhem hùnluènconfused, in a mess hùnluènconcrete hùnnîngtøto confuse hùnxiæonurse (medical) hùshimutually, each other, one another hùxiångpassport hùzhèo (MW is [yð]bën)flower, bloom, blossom huåmulticoloured huåto spend, use up, consume, expend huålace (material) huåbiån[r]cauliflower huåcèiexpense, expenditure, amount spent huåfìibadger huån (MW is [yð]zhí )waste, barren, deserted huångconfused, flustered huång(zhång)jolly, joyful, happy huånlìto send off (on their way) huånsôngfarewell do huånsônghuð



grateful huånxín-gøwødelighted, joyful; to be fond of, delight in huånxïWelcome! huånyîng!welcome; to welcome, greet huånyîngvase huåpîngto spend (money) huåqiænpeanut huåshéng[mï] (MW is [yî]lð)flower garden, yard huåyuænChina (alternative word for China) Huæto paddle, row, scratch, be cut huæslimy, slippery, smooth, crafty huæice skating; to skate huæ bíng, huæbíngice skating rink huæbíngchçngarms, bosom, harbour; to harbour, cherish huæiankle huæiankle huæiguånjiêto miss, think of, remember with dearness huæiniènto doubt, be suspicious of, suspect huæiyîto fall pregnant, to be pregnant; pregnant huæiyùnto return something to huænto return, refund, repay huænhoop, loop, link, ring huænyolk huængyellow huæng (de)emperor huængdðcucumber huængguåYellow River Huænghêdusk, half light huænghõnyellow colour(ed) huængsì (de)butter huængyòucircumstances, environment, surroundings huænjðngoverseas Chinese people huæqiæooverseas Chinese people Huæ-rênChinese people with non-Chinese nationality Huæ-rênto ski huæxuëcucumber huængguå (MW is [yð]gén)crown (of a queen) huængguån (MW is [yð]dïng)dusk huænghõnyellow colour[ed] huængsì[de]butter huængyòumargarine rênzèo huængyòuenvironment, surroundings huænjðng



around; round huænrçountruth, lie, false words huçnguntruth, lie, false words huçnghuèto tell untruth, lie, false words huçnghuèslow huçnmènto transform, alter, melt huè…-ize, -ise …huèstroke (in Chinese characters) huèto draw (lines, etc.) huèto paint (picture) huè (See also: yòu, yòuqí )to transfer, assign huèpicture, drawing, painting (result) huè[r] (MW is [yð]fö)speech, language, word, words huèillustrated newspaper, illustrated periodical huèbèopaintbrush (for painting pictures) huèbï (MW is [yð]zhí ) (See also: shuåzi )to paint a picture huèhuèr (See also: huè, yòu, yòuqí )broken, not working; bad; spoiled, off huèito get broken, fail, go bad, get spoiled huèiextremely … (delighted, etc.) … (gåoxðng) huèidamage, fault, harm huèichubroken, won't work properly; off (gone bad) huèile; huèi lean artist, painter (known as expert at art) huèjiåmodern style drama, play huèjùto change, replace; to exchange, trade huènto exchange, trade (clothes) huènto change money huèn qiænto catch, succumb to, suffer due to (illness) huènsuffering, tribulation, problems, difficulties huènnènin other words huènjùhuèshuñto arouse, call to action huènqïillusion, imaginary picture, fantasy huènxiçngto cause to be awake; to become awake huènxïng[a] picture, drawing, painting [yðfö] huè(r) (fö here is a MW)topic huètîto transform, change huèwêimaterialized huèwêi rênxîngportrait huèxièngchemistry huèxuêchemical … (reaction, etc.) huèxuê …Word huèyømake-up huèzhuångto wear make-up huèzhe zhuång



cosmetics huèzhuångpïnash, ashes; dust, grey, ashen huí[jín]to wave, swing, wield huídust, grime, dirt huíchênto resume, recover huíförecovery, re-establishment, restoration huífùto recover, re-establish, restore huífùawesome huíhuængash, ashes huíjíngrey, gray colour[ed] huísì[de]to feel huíxínto go back; return, answer, respond, turn huî… (as occurences: colloquially, have a bash) …huî (verbal MW)you can try three more times nï nêng zèi shð sånhuî (huî as a verbal MW)to return to one's own country huî guòto come back huî læito go back huî qùanswer, reply, response (oral) huîdæto answer, reply, repsond (verbally) huîdæto go home huîjiåIslam Huîjièoto return, come back, bring back, restore huîlæi; huîlaito return, go back, take back, restore huîqù; huîquecho huîshéngto repent, change behaviour; to turn the head huîtòulater, in the future huîtòusee you later! huîtòu jiènresponse by letter, response to a letter huîxðnto write a reply; to reply to a letter huîxðnecho huîyínrecollection, remembrance, memories huîyðmemory (something remembered) huîyðto recount, remember, reminisce huîyðto ruin, destroy, crush huïto repent huïgçidestruction huïmiìcollation, compilation, gathering, collection huðto collate, compile, gather, collect huðmeeting, assembly, party, association, union huðconference, meeting huðyð (MW is [yî]cð )will … (future); to be likely to, be sure to huð …can; to be able to; to know how to huð; nêng



to be good at huðto report huðbèoassembly hall, meeting place huðchçngfee for joining up huðfìiconversation, chat, dialogue huðhuèto converse with, share dialogue with huðhuèpainting, drawing (activity) huðhuè (See also: huè )a meeting, reunion; to meet with huðjiènto meet a visitor, receive a guest huðkìvisiting times huðkì shîjiånvisitors' room, reception room huðkìshðmoment huðrtalk, negotiation; to talk, negotiate huðtænconference, meeting huðyð (MW is [yî]cð )president (of a panel) huðzhçngcongregation huðzhônggap, breach (as in a fence) huñkóualive, living; to be alive, live huòto live until huò dèoactivity, exercise; to move around, exercise huòdôngmovement (change of position) huòdôngflexible, mobile, movable, loose huòdônglively, true to life huòpowork, activity, product huòrto do work gèn huòrthe living huòrênto survive huòxièlæiactive, dynamic, animated, lively huòyuìto activate, animate, enliven huòyuìto live, be alive; alive huòzhefire; hot temper, anger; ammunition huó… (groups, gangs of people esp. negatively) …huó (MW)a hoard of people yðhuó rên (huó here is a MW)more or less huó duñ huô shçoassociate, partner (spouse), companion huóbènmatches (ignition) huóchæitrain (on railway) huóchérailway station huóchézhènturkey huójírocket huójiènvolcano huóshånwinner huóshéngzhë



meals provided, food provided huóshîham huótuïgunpowder huóyèo(either)… or … (as used in statements) huô … huô …possibly huôproducts, goods huôto gain, reap, win huôdisaster, hardship, misfortune huô(either)… or … (as used in statements) huô … huô …more or less huô duñ huô shçocurrency, money huôbða hold compartment on a ship huôcångto gain, obtain, get, reap, win huôdêproduce, goods, wares; load huôwù[a vehicle] load [yí ché] huôwù(either)… or … (as used in statements) huôzhë…huôzhë …



< i

< jchicken jíbasic, elementary, fundamental jíbënairport jíchçngbasis, element, root, foundation, base jíchøbasic, fundamental, elementary jíchøto use as a basis for … yï … wêi jíchømachine tool (lathe, etc.) jíchuængchicken's egg jídènstiring, exciting, moving; excited jídôngChrist Jídõ; JidùChristianity Jídõjièo; JídùjièoChristian (general) Jídõjièode; JídùjièodeChristian (person) Jídõtö; Jídùtöorganization jíguånGehenna Jíhènnæalmost, nearly jíhõfamine jíhuång; jíhuangopportunity, occasion, chance jíhuðpositive, constructive, active, vigorous jíjîto tell jíjîpositiveness, optimism, zeal jíjîxðngto build up, accumulate jílëiintense, sharp jíliìhalf a kilogram jíngold; golden jínblond coloured, blonde coloured jín sì deauburn coloured jín zôngsì defaculty jínêngto pass through, experience, endure, manage jíngsplendid, brilliant, wonderful jíngcçioften, frequently jíngchængfunding, funds jíngfìito go through, experience, to pass nearby jíngguôthrough, due to, by jíngguô



course, path, process jíngguôpanic jínghuångeconomy, economics, economic condition jíngjðPeking opera jíngjùdirector, manager jínglïexperience, work history; to experience jínglðvigour, vitality, liveliness, energy jínglðamazed, surprised jíngqîprecise jíngquìexact; exactly jíngquìdealarming, shocking, surprising jíngrênspirit, attitude, disposition jíngshênspirit, mind, essence; spiritual, mental jíngshênmental (of the mind) jíngshên demental sickness jíngshênbðngmental (of a sick mind) jíngshênbðng depsychiatrist jíngshêngbðng yíshéngmental patient jíngshênbðngrênmental hospital jíngshênbðngyuènliveliness, vigour, vitality, energy jíngshenlively, vigorous, energetic jíngshenverses jíngwênPeking opera jíngxðamazed, astonished, surprised jíngyèexperience jíngyènvia jíngyòuhenceforth, from now on jínhôuthis year jínniænmarvel; amazed jínqîfinancial, monetary jínqiænmetal, made of metal jínshø (MW is [yð]zhóng)metal wire jínshøxièntoday, nowadays jíntiåntonight jínwçngoldfish jínyömachine jíqðautomaton, robot jíqð rênanxious, eager jíqiìchicken (meat) jírôumuscle jírôuodd number (not even mathematically) jíshùguitar jítå



machinery, engine, mechanics, mechanism jíxiìmechanical jíxiìlove based on principle jíyö yuænzê de èi

and (joining nouns or noun phrases) jîquality, school grade jîextremely jîextremely … (adjective: happy, etc.) …(gåoxðng) jî leto prove to be none other than jî (c.f. jiùshð)i.e., that is jîworried, concerned, flustered, annoyed jîviolent (wind, water) jîurgent jîcollection, section, volume, fair, market jîto collect, assemble jîto go to market gçn jîexceptionally good jî hço dedisease jîbðngextreme jîdùdeto just achieve pass marks in an examination jîgêto assemble together, gather jîhêwill, to be about to jîjiångspine jîliænggøhurriedly, in a rush jîmængexceptionally, extremely jîqîfew jîshçoat the right time jîshîeven though, even if jîshïtiny jîxiçodeemergency jîzhëncentralized, pooled, concentrated jîzhñngto centralize, pool, concentrate jîzhñngextremely … …-jîle (suffix)

some, several, a few jïtens of, multiples of ten jï shîa few Xs of units (where X is a numeral) jï X bùY = scores Y = jï shî bù (jï 10 bù)more than X units (where X is a numeral) X jï bù10<Y<20 Y = shîjï bù (10 jï bù)how many? (usually less than ten) jï?



what time? jï diçn?how many? jï ge?self, oneself, on one's own jïcrowded; to crowd, squeeze, push, press jïto hurt … (pinching due to tightness) jï … tôngwhich number? jï hèo?false jïaseveral, some jïgejust, merely, barely jïnto the limit, to the utmost jïntight, tense, urgent, near; tightly, urgently jïnnext to (ranking) jïn cðyöadjacent to, next to jïn'åiwell, pit jïngalarm, warning jïngbèoburglar alarm fængdèo jïngbèoqðpolice officer jïngchæpolice station jïngchæjöto warn, caution; to warn jïnggèowithout hesitation; even if, even though […] jïn'guçn [… dñu]; (jïn'guçn [… hæi, yë] )to tighten jïn(yi)jïnguard dog jïngquçnscene, scenery, landscape, view jïngsìnonetheless; although jïn'guçnscene jïngxièngurgent, critical jïnjîjust, merely, barely jïnjïnto keep sticking to jïnjïn yífùnext to, adjacent to jïnkèoquickly jïnkuèito the utmost, as much as one can jïnlièngpantyhose jïnshénkùtense, nervous; in short supply, scarce jïnzhångtense jïnzhångdewhen jïshîhow old are you? (to a young child) nï jïsuð le? (See also: suð; niænjð )to present (an award) jïyø; fågëi

to remember, record, note jðto tie jðto tie one's shoelaces jð xiêdèiseason[s] jð



as, now, now that, since, because jðboth X and Y jð X yë Y; jð X yôu Yneither X nor Y jð X yôu bù Yto post, despatch, mail, send jðto succeed jðchêngmeter (like in a taxi) jðchêngqðto recall (from memory), remember jðdeappointed jðdðngjealous jðdùmechanic jðgñngproject, scheme, plan, map, arrangement jðhuèto project, scheme, plan, map, arrange jðhuèseason[s] jðjiêathletics record jðlùmeeting minutes, notes, memo, reminder jðlùto take minutes, notes; to record jðlùdocumentary jðlùpiån (MW is [yî]bu)discipline, training jðlþlonely jðmôto enter, move forward jðnX inwards, in (where X is a verb) X jðnnear, close to, nearby, closely related jðnto use up, be used up, do all one can jðnto soak jðnto the utmost extent; exclusively jðnphysical strength, vitality; spirit, vigour jðninterest, passion; disposition, manner jðnutmost jðn dñuas soon as possible, as quickly as possible jðn kuèito do one's best, do whatever one can jðn suó nêngnear, handy, close to hand jðnbianprogress, advancement; to progress, advance jðnbùto get better, improve jðnbùle hënduñutmost jðndñuto enter jðnrùpious jðngpeaceful, still, calm, quick, silent jðngmagnifying glass fèngdè jðngglasses yçnjðngesteemed, honoured, honourable, respected jðng'èito greet, give a salutation, sign off "Yours…” jðnglïall the best, regards, with best wishes cï zhð jðnglï



attack, offensive; to attack jðn'gñngrace, competition, contest; to race, compete jðngsèi(godly) fear jðngwìicompetition; to compete jðngzhéngmirror, mirrorglass, lens, spectacles jðngzi (MW is [yî]mièn)to develop; evolve jðnhuèmemorial, anniversary, souvenir jðniènto commemorate, observe a memorial jðniènmonument jðniènbéisouvenir jðniènpïnimport; to import jðnkóurecently, lately jðnlæito come in jðnlæiX towards, near (where X is a verb) X jðnlæiendeavour, try jðnlð; lðtöto the utmost, as much as one can jðnlièngway in jðnlùto soak, immerse jðnpèoX away, off (where X is a verb) X jðnquto enter, be allowed in jðnrùprostitute jðnýto continue going forward, be allowed in jðnxîngfurther studies; to do further studying jðnxiõfurther; to further; better jðnyîbùfurther, additionally jðnyîbùdeto prohibit jðnzhïNo …! (not permitted) jðnzhï …! bùxø …!to forbid, ban jðnzhïsacrifice jðpïnas, now, now that, since, because jðrænawkward, giving a problem jðshóuskill, art, method, technique jðshùtechnician jðshùyuænpriesthood jðsítuæncomputation, calculation jðsuènto compute, calculate jðsuèncomputer, calculator jðsuènjícalculator jðsuènqðto note down jðxièlæito carry on, keep on continue jðxùto keeping on going jðxù xièqumemory, recollections; to recall, remember jðyð



memory, ablility to remember jðyðlðjournalist, reporter, recorder jðzhëto remember (put in the memory) jðzhu

to add, plus, do addition (+) jiåto raise, increment, increase jiåholiday jiå(qí)home jiåfamily, household, home jiå; jiåtîngX-ist (person famed for specializing in X) Xjiå (See also: …shóu)… (as families, establishments, companies) …jiå (MW)ten shops shîjiå shångdièn (jiå here is a MW)holder, folder, pliers, grips, clip jiå spicy jiå xiånglièo deto process raw materials into products jiågñngprocessed, preserved, cured jiågñng chùlïfurniture jiåjù (MW is [yî]jièn)… (as rooms) -jiån … (MW)that office nèjiån bèn'gòngshð (jiån here is a MW)point, tip, sharp end, hook jiånpiercing (in shape or sound), sharp jiånsharp, acute (sense) jiånroom, chamber jiånamongst, within, between jiånto fry jiånCanada Jiånædètorment jiån'æoshoulder jiånbçngpersistent; to insist, persist, cling to, stick to jiånchîomelette jiåndènbðngdetermined, firm, definite, holding fast jiåndðngendpoint, end, tip, point jiånduånriver jiångabout to …, just going to … jiång …(a grammatical tool that enables the normal word order to be reversed, so that the object that would normally be located after the verb can be put before the verb, but it is still the verb's object) jiång (Compare similar bç)will jiångginger jiånggeneral (military officer) jiångjõn



the future; in [the] future jiånglæito be about to …, just going to …; will, shall jiångyèo …tutor jiånhùscheme jiånjðextremely hard, tough, difficult jiånjùstubborn, determined jiånjuêdifficulty, hardship; hard, tough, difficult jiånkøfirm, strong, solid jiånqiængsharp, piercing, incisive, acute jiånruðremain jiånshóuconvince jiånxðnprison jiånyùto hand in, surrender, meet, befriend jiåoto teach jiåo… pepper (colour specified) …jiåoto make friends jiåo pêngyoupride, arrogance; proud, conceited, haughty jiåo'èoto submit jiåodèitape (sticky, adhesive) jiåodèizhïfocus jiåodiçnexchange, interchange; to exchange, swap jiåohuènsocial communication; to be busy socially jiåojðfilm (photographic) jiåojuçnexchange, interchange (of views) jiåoliöto exchange, swap jiåoliösuburbs jiåoqõto converse, chat, natter jiåotæntraffic, transportation, communication jiåotñngto control traffic guçnlï jiåotñngtraffic lights jiåotñng déngtrade jiåoyðbargain (good deal) jiåoyð (MW is [yð]bï )holiday jiåqípoultry jiåqînto make solid; to reinforce, strengthen jiåqiængto heat jiårìin addition jiåshèngfamily, household, home jiåtînghousewife jiåtîng fõnýhousehold chores jiåwùhousework jiåwùhuòrhome place, native locality jiåxiång



additionally, moreover; to add extra jiåyïpetrol station jiåyòuzhènartificial, false, dummy, fake jiçfalse (untrue) jiçdeto suppose jiçdðngfalse (imitation) jiçmèodeto select, choose jiçnto snip, trim, cut off jiçnto do subtraction, minus (-), subtract jiçnto reduce, take away, decrease, lessen jiçnexamination, inspection; to examine, inspect jiçnchæinspector, examiner jiçnchåyuænsimple, plain (modest; not complicated) jiçndånscissors jiçndåobrief (in content) jiçnduçnto lose weight jiçnfêito say, discuss, explain, interpret jiçngto recount, tell (a story) jiçngto focus on, give particular attention to jiçngto reason jiçng lïprize, praise, award; to praise, reward jiçngoar jiçng (MW is [yð]gén)award jiçng[pïn]speech; to converse, talk, speak jiçnghuèto bargain jiçngjièaward jiçngpïnlecturer (university) jiçngshíplatform (raised) for speakers jiçngtæischolarship award jiçngxuêjínlecture jiçngzuôC.V. (curriculum vitae) jiçnlð (MW is [yî]fìn)Cambodia JiçnpøzhèiCambodian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Jiçnpøzhèi[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)to reduce, lighten, ease, mitigate jiçnqíngto pick up, to lift (something) jiçnqïto lift, pick up (something) jiçnqïlai; shîqïminus, less jiçnqùto decline (get less) jiçnruôto decrease, reduce, lessen, diminish jiçnshçoextraction jiçnxièto extract … from X còng X shang jiçnxiè …inspector, reviewer (ceremonial) jiçnyuìzhë



hardly jiçnzhî bùgeometric angle; animal horn; money unit jiçofoot jiço[qiæn]to whisk, beat jiçobènankle jiçobòzifoot (of body); base, foot, support jiçobùcunning (character) jiçohuæheel (of foot) jiçohóugéncorner jiçoluôfoot jiçoqiænfootprint jiçoyðnto correct jiçozhìngtoe jiçozhïdumplings (Chinese style with meat filling) jiçoziif (supposing) jiçrö [or yèoshi]to pretend jiçzhuångstructure, erection, construction, stand, rack jièto stand, erect, support jiè… (as aeroplanes, cameras, etc.) …jiè (MW)three pianos sånjiè gångqin (jiè here is a MW)leave, vacation, break, holiday jièprice, cost, tariff jiçgêbargain price [chølï] jiègêsee, watch, glimpse, meet, visit, go to see jiènSee you tomorrow! mîngtiån jièn!to have an interview with, meet jiènto be manifest, to show, manifest, appear jiènto get to … (sense) …-jiènto get to see kènjièn… (as articles of clothing, furniture, etc.) -jièn … (MW)a shirt yîjièn chìnshæn (jièn here is a MW)item, piece jiènto construct, build, build up, establish, make jiènkey (on a computer keyboard) jiènsword, arrow (missile) jièn (MW is [yð]zhí )to meet jièn miènto be able to see, meet jièn[dèo]to drop, fall, go down; reduce, bring down jièngto reduce, bring down, lower, drop jièngdígap (space between objects) jièn'gêgap (period of time that is unfilled) jièn'gêto reduce jièngjiè



to descend for landing, touch down, land jièngluôsoya sauce, soy sauce jièngyòuincrementally, gradually, in steps jiènjiènhealth; healthy jiènkångphysical jiènkångestablishment, formation; to establish, form jiènlðto meet jiènmiènkeyboard (computer keyboard) jiènpænsoundness of mind; completeness jiènquæntraining (for physical fitness) jiènshén duènliènconstruction; to construct, build, build up jiènshìpositive, constructive, active, vigorous jiènshìxðng dearrow (mark) jièntòugap, intermission jiènxiéadvice, recommendation, suggestion jiènyðto advise, recommend, suggest jiènyðto construct jiènzèowitness jiènzhìngwitness (person) jiènzhìng(rên)witness (do witnessing) zuô-jiènzhìngarchitecture, building, structure jiènzhùto build, erect, make, construct jiènzhùarchitect jiènzhùshíbuilding (something built) jiènzhùwùcall, bark, yelp, cry jièothe dog is barking góu zað jièoto call, summon, call out, tell jièoto teach jièo(dço)to be called, named …; called, named … jièo …to permit, let, allow jièoby … (by the agent in passive expression) jièo …to compare; comparatively, relatively jièocompared with, in relation to, than jièogod- jièo-teaching aids (textbooks, etc.) jièocæito teach jièodçogod-father jièo-fùto scream, yell jièohçncounsel jièohuðtrainer, instructor, coach jièolièngod-mother jièo-møgod-daughter jièoný



teacher jièoshí (MW is [yð]mîng)teaching place, classroom jièoshðpriest jièoshðprofessor jièoshôuchurch jièotængto call to wake up; to cause to wake up jièoxïngteaching; to do teaching, teach jièoxuêteaching, lesson learned, moral jièoxùnto teach … a lesson, give … a lecture jièoxùn …teaching, doctrine jièoyðeducation, teaching; to educate, teach jièoyùto inculcate jièoyùteacher, trainer, instructor jièoyuænmember of staff jièoyuængod-son jièozïto be called, named, termed as jièozuôholiday, vacation jièqífee, charge, price jièqiæn; jièqianholiday, vacation jièrðdriving jièshïto steer jièshïdriver jièshï yuændriving licence jièshï zhîzhèoleave request; leave permit, sick certificate jiètiæovalue, significance, cost, merit, price jièzhîset of values jièzhîguån

to unite, join jiéto pick up (someone), meet, receive, collect jiéto catch, take in hand jiéto answer, take the telephone call jiécontact, touch; to meet, contact, touch jiéroad, highway, avenue, way, street jiéshopping area jiéto answer the phone jié diènhuèto produce, result in jiéchõreception, hosting; to admit, receive (guests) jiédèito receive, get jiédèoroad, thoroughfare, street, way jiédèophase, stage, step (of development process) jiéduènresults jiéguóto marry, get married jiéhõn



to marry someone gén mórên jiêhõnclass (socially) jiéjîto approach, to come near to, get near to jiéjðnapproaching, near to, close to, approximately jiéjðnto receive, welcome, meet (visitors, guests) jiéjiènhousing block jiéqõto reveal jiéshðstrong, tough, durable, firm jiéshito receive, accept jiéshôukiss jiéwënto follow, catch, go on; just afterwards jiézheverse jiêsection, division, part, piece jiêprogramme, schedule, series of events jiêholiday, festival jiêknot (in string, etc.) jiê… (as sections of, of cells of) …jiê (MW)two batteries, a couple of cells liçngjiê diènchî (jiê here is a MW)to marry jiê hõnto have the bill jiê zhèngknot (in wood) jiêbåto freeze jiêbíngto pass (examination) jiêgêstructure, make-up, composition jiêgôuending of a story or speech, conclusion jiêgöresult; as a result, finally, in consequence jiêguócombination, unity; to combine, marry, unite jiêhêmarriage; to marry, get married jiêhõnmarried jiêle hõn deconclusion, decision jiêlùnprogramme, schedule, item, piece performed jiêmùprogramme, program for a show jiêmùdånholiday, festival day jiêrðeconomical, thrifty; to save, economize jiêshëngto conclude, finish, complete, end jiêshùthat time jiêshù [shî]ending of a story or speech, conclusion jiêwëitight budget, austerity; to save, economize jiêyuéthereafter jiêzheto slacken, relieve, dissolve jiëto unravel, understand, solve, explain jiëto pass excrement jië dèbièn



to pass urine jië xiçobiènto rid, get rid of jiëchöto unravel, solve, explain, answer jiëdæliberation, release, emancipation jiëfèngto liberate, free, release, emancipate jiëfèngwife's older sister's husband; brother-in-law jiëfuto fire somebody jiëgùelder sister jiëjieto solve, resolve, settle, dispose of, finish jiëjuêsister[s] jiëmìiSister X X Jiëmìiinterpretation, clarification, explanation jiëshðto explain, make clear, interpret jiëshð… (as sessions, of academic years) …jiì (MW)the next session of study xièjiì xuêxî (jiì here is a MW)sphere, circle, range, limits, boundary jiìto borrow, lend, use to advantage jiìtake the opportunity jiì zhìge jíhuð … (ge is a MW)to give up, stop doing jiìto give up smoking jiì yånis on loan jiìchõqu leto lend jiìgëiexcuse me! (please let me pass) jiìguångmustard jiìmointroduction jiìshèoto introduce (someone formally), recommend jiìshèoto present (a programme, media item) jiìshèoline (mark); boundary line, limit jiìxiènto give up smoking jiìyånto mind (be unhappy about something) jiìyðring (ornamentation) jiìzhï

dispute jiõféneventually, in the end, finally, actually, just jiõjðngcorrection, rectification; to correct, rectify jiõzhìngnine jiøfor a long time jiølong ago hën jiø yïqiænalcohol, alcoholic drink, wine, liquor jiøbar (for serving drinks) jiøbåpub jiøguçn[r]alcohol (chemically) jiøjíng



ninety jiøshîSeptember jiøyuìold, old-fashioned, used, not new jiùprevious, past jiùto rescue, save, help, jiùas soon as, right away, straight after jiùjust, only; exactly jiùre, regarding, per, according to jiùeven if … even then … … jiù …, … yë …then, in that case, on that condition jiùif (in the case that) … then (in that case) … yèoshi … jiù …it was always the case that … … bënlæi jiù …mother's brother; uncle jiùfùambulance jiùhùchéuncle, mother's brother jiùjiuon the way jiù læiHelp! Jiùmðng a!wife of mother's brother; aunt jiùmøwife of brother; sister-in-law jiùsçoto be, prove to be, is, proves to be, really be jiùshð (See also: shð )exactly, precisely jiùshðall you need to do is …; just … … jiùshð leeither … or …; if it isn't … it's … böshð … jiùshð …even if … even then … … jiùshð …, … yë …it's just that jiùshiredeemer jiùshözhøto be about to … jiùyèo … leOld Testament Jiùyuéconsultation (by a doctor) jiùzhën

inhabitant, resident jõmînarmed forces, the military, the army jõnarmed force, army jõnduðregimented jõnimilitary matters; military, military in aspect jõnshðKing Jõnwængto live, dwell, reside jõzhùorange (coloured) jösìoffice director, department head, chairperson jözhçngorange, tangerine jözimarmalade jözi jièngorange juice jözizhí



to raise, bring into the picture, lift, hold up jøto run, hold (a show, exhibition, competition) jøbènact, deed jødôngto chew jøjuêrefusal; to refuse jøjuêto lift, raise jøqïto conduct, hold (a discussion, meeting) jøxîngsentence, line of verse jù… (as passages of prose or verse) …jù (MW)the previous sentence xiæn jù huè (jù here is a MW)play, drama, opera jùper, according to; to seize, occupy jùto have (the required qualifications) jùbìiscript of a theatrical play jùbëntheatre jùchçnghuge, enormous, great jùdèhuge jùdèdefull stop punctuation period mark jùhèomeeting, party (event) jùhuð (MW is [yî]cð )refusal; to refuse, reject jùjuêclub (for entertainment) jùlìbùdistance apart, separation, gap jùlîdistant from, away from jùlîdread jùpèthey do say, according to what one hears jùshuñfirm, specific, definite jùtïto have, be equipped with, possess jùyóutheatre (dramatic) jùyuènsentence (of words) jùziscroll, roll; to roll up; sweep along juçnto roll up juçnqïlaiinvolved juçnrù jiõféncabbage juçnxíncèidefinitely juêto chew juênever (future events) juê bùto burst its banks (river banks) juê kóudefinitely juêböto feel, to think juêdedecision; to decide, resolve juêdðngdefinitely, absolutely; definite, absolute juêduðrole juêsì



jazz juêshðyuìawareness, consciousness juêwùto realize; wake up to, become aware of juêwùdetermination; determined; to be determined juêxínextinct, become extinct (was living) juêzhóng deabuse juïransom juðshö



< kcoffee kåféicafê kåféi guçnto open [a door] kåi [mên]to open, set up, run (business, exhibition) kåito embark, set off kåito reclaim, open up, develop (land, route) kåito bloom kåito turn on, open (switchgear) kåito open, remove, lift (restrictions) kåito detail clearly, list, itemize, prescribe kåito boil kåi…X… off, away (where X is a verb) …X…kåito drive kåito have [a meeting] kåi [huð]to make jokes, fun kåi wænxièoto start a term kåi xuêto drive (a vehicle) kåichémotorist kåi qðché de rênto leave (a bus or train) kåichéto sail kåichuænto operate on … gëi … zuô shóushùto have an operation kåidåo (See also: zuô shóushù)beginning, start kåiduånto open for public use, be open; open kåifèngto wipe kåigånto switch kåiguånto have, hold a meeting, assemble, meet kåihuðto teach a study course; to begin a term kåikìon, turned on kåileprogressive, liberal kåimîngto open, augurate, start the performance kåimùto open up a route, country, potential kåipðto shoot kåiqiångbeginning; to begin, start kåishïboiled water kåishuïbeginning, opening kåitòuhappy; to feel happy kåixínto start school, open school kåixuêto open the show, start a performance kåiyçnto carry out, launch, develop kåizhçn



switched on (light, T.V.), engaged, working kåizheopen (door, window) kåizhe [de]to offend kåizuðto take care of, look after, tend kånto recover from an illness or injury kångfögenerous, staunch kångkçigenerous kångkçideto watch over, guard, look after kån'guçnguard (in a prison) kånshóuguard officer (in a prison) kånshóuyuænto carry on shoulders kængtruck, lorry kçchéto cut, fell, chop kçnto investigate, examine, be examined kçoto bake, roast, grill, heat kçoto warm by the fire kçohuóoven kçolöto weigh up, consider, take into account kçolþto pass entrance tests kçoshangtest, examination; to sit a test, to set a test kçoshðroast duck kçoyåtrials, trial, test kçoyènoven kçoxiångto watch, look, look at kènnot see a sight, to disappear, turn invisible kèn bù jiènto read silently (look at and under stand) … kèn …visit; see (e.g. a doctor) kènto see a doctor, to be seen by a doctor kèn bðngto consider, look at the circumstances kènto depend on (circumstances) kènin my opinion yí wó kèn[just X and] see [what happens] XX kènjust ask and see wìnwìn kèninvisible kèn bù jièn deit looks like, appears as if kèn yèngziconsultation (by a doctor) kènbðngto see the doctor; to see the patient kènbðngunable to understand (when reading) kènbudóngunable to see kènbujiènunable to see clearly kènbuqíngchuto despise, look down on kènbuqïto view as, treat as kènchêng



discern, see, grasp kènchõto view, regard, treat kèndèito glimpse, get a sight of, notice kèndèoable to understand (when reading) kèndedóngable to see clearly kèndeqíngchuunderstood (when reading) kèndónglepoint of view, way of thinking kènfçto imitate kènfçopinion kènfa (MW is [yð]zhóng)antibiotics kèngshéngsùprotest; to protest kèngyðprotester kèngyðzhëto see a sight, see, get to see and notice kènjièn; kèn-jiènnot see a sight, to disappear, turn invisible kèn bù jiènto have a look kènkèn; kèn[yi]kènit looks like, appears as if kènlaiit looks like, appears as if kènqïlaito seem, appear, look kènshèngqùto read, look at book kènshõit looks like, appears as if kèn yèngzito have a look kèn[yi]kènto consider kènzuôto rely on, depend on, lean on, lean against kèoto rely on …X…for a living kèo X shénghuònearby, close to kèojðnto put pressure on kèozhe(…) against [the wall] (… is a verb) kèozhe [qiæng] (…)to stand against [the wall] kèozhe [qiæng] zhènzheto approach kèoclose to, near, closer to, along kèoopen(ed) kaizhepiece (chunk as of cheese) kaùisection, department (as in a hospital) ké… (as plants, trees) …ké (MW)this grass zhìké cço (ké here is a MW)field of study comprising …X… …X…ké… (as things appearing small and round) …ké (MW)… (as bullets, etc.) …ké (MW)three bombs sånké zhèdèn (ké here is a MW)science and technology kéjð (=kéxuê jðshù)hole, pit kéngscience kéxuê



scientist kéxuêjiåcollege, academy studying science kéxuêyuènscientific research kéyæn (=kéxuê yænjiõ)head of section kézhçngcough; to cough kêsoucough syrup kêsou yèoshuïcough kêsoushéngto approve, may, be allowed, can këcertainly, indeed; however, but këthirsty këavailable kë huôdê delovable, appealing, cute, lovely, beloved kë'èireliable, dependable, one to be trusted këkèoCoca-Cola këkóukëlìpoor (pitiful), meagre, pitiful; to pity këliænto feel sorry for, be merciful and gracious to këliænsure këndðngto be bound to …; to be sure to … këndðng huð …possibility; possible; perhaps kënêngto have a chance to …; may … kënêng …; yëxø …[very] possibly hën kënêngpossibly kënêndepossibility kënêngxðngto plead kënqiöawful, terrible, fear-inspiring, shocking këpèbut, however, yet këshð; dènshðto wish to …, want to këwèng …pity, shame; it's a pity; What a pity! këxí [le]practical (can work) këxîng defunny, laughable, amusing këxièocan, may, to have permission to …; be able to këyï …OK, acceptable, fine, quite good këyïavailable for use; accessible for use këyï yôngto make available këyôngdetrustworthy, reliable këkèogram (weight) kì15 minutes; carve, inscribe kìclass, course, topic, lesson kìtextbook kìbëncruel, mean kìbòdepassenger cabin kìcångstudy course, study programme kìchêng



to deal with, overcome kìföobjective kìguånhard-working, frugal, ready for hardships kìkøpolite, courteous, modest, humble kìqivisitor, guest kìrento engrave kìshèngclassroom kìtængsitting room, living room kìtíngstudy topic; research topic, project kìtîtext (passage taken from a book) kìwênsmall hotel, lodge, guest house kìzhènto willing to kënaffirmative, positive; to affirm, confirm këndðngempty; in vain; air, space, sky kñngempty kñngdeempty space, field kñngdðto accuse kñnggèoouter space, empty space kñngjiånouter space wèicêng kñngjiånairforce kñngjõnair, atmosphere (climatic) kñngqðair pollution kñngqð wõrçnunprecedented; in a manner not met before kñngqiænkarate kñngshóudèoair conditioner; air conditioning kñngtiæo (=kñngqð tiæojiê qð)vanity kñngxõin the air kñngzhñngair hostess kñngzhñng xiçojiëleisure kôngxiænhole, opening, gap, empty space; Confucian kónghorror film kóngbù diènyïngterrorism kóngbù huòdôngto threaten, intimidate kónghìpanic kónghuångfear kóngjùto fear that, be afraid that, regret that kóngpèprobably, maybe kóngpèpeacock kóngquìvacant space, spare time, leisure kóngrConfucius Kóngzïmouth, estuary, opening, cut, tear kóu… (number of people in a family or group) kóu (MW)



(a group of ) twelve persons shî'êrkóu rên (kóu here is a MW)… (as spoken languages: speak a language) kóu (MW)to speak [=a] Beijing dialect shuñ yðkóu Bëijíng huè (kóu here is a MW)oral (of the mouth) kóubù depocket, bag kóudèioral (taken into the body through the mouth) kóufö debanner, slogan kóuhèolipstick kóuhòngtone, implication kóuqðto button up kóushangoral (spoken) kóutòumessage (given verbally) kóuxðn (See also: tiæo, xiåoxi)chewing gum kóuxiångtængaccent kóuyíninterpreter kóuyðinterpreter officer kóuyðyuænspoken language kóuyøcontrol, grip, domination kôngzhðto control, hold, hold back kôngzhðto control (vehicle, situation) kôngzhð (See also: guçnlï )to lose control of a vehicle duð ché shíqù kôngzhðto take control of a situation kôngzhð jöshðto control an area kôngzhð yîge dðqõbutton kôubutton; to button, fasten, reduce, detain kôuzito weep, cry kõinsect kõnchòngto weep kõqðto fade (plant life) kõwëihardship, suffering; to cause to suffer købitter; painstakingly, diligently købitter kødehole (in clothing, wall) kølongbundle; to bundle, tie in a bundle kønhardship, suffering kønæntorture køxîngtorture stake køxîngzhùcool fashionable kùsleepy, tired, in difficulty; to surround kùndifficulty; difficult, hard to cope with kùnnanpants, trousers (USA); [under]pants (British) kùzi (MW is [yð]tiæo)to commend, praise kuåjiçng



broad, wide, broad-minded, liberal kuånspacious kuånchangwidth kuåndùforgiveness, mercy kuånshùloosely fitting (clothes) kuånsñngto exaggerate kuåzhångmad, crazy kuængrage kuængnùrabies kuængquçnbðngfan[atic] (admirer) kuængrì èihèozhëto fall, collapse kuçto step astride, to mount; to go beyond kuçlump, piece, cube kuèiblock kuèi (MW is [yî]dè)(a Chinese unit of money) kuèifast, quick, rapid kuèilet's go, come on, hurry up! kuèi!…(as chunks, sheets, or slices) kuèi (MW)five stones wùkuèi shîtou (kuæi here is a MW)a bar of … (chocolate, etc.) yîkuèi … (kuæi here is a MW)fast, quick, sharp kuèihappy, joyful bö kuèialmost, soon; quickly kuèion the way kuèi dèo lehurry up! kuèi diçnr!happy, cheerful kuèihuoaccountant kuèijðhappy; happiness, joy kuèilìto be about to … kuèiyèo … lechopsticks kuèizihurdles kuèlænexcavation, mine, mineral deposit kuèngminer kuènggñngframe (Supporting or enclosing) kuèngjièbesides, moreover kuèngqiëmineral water kuèngquænshuïfunds, money kuçnto burst (dam burst) kuðjuêexpansion; to expand, enlarge kuôdè



< lto pull, tow, haul, transport, drag låto pull in, implicate, draw closed låto pull out, extend, widen, space apart, open låto draw låto play by bow (some musical instruments) lå (See also: tæn, chuí )to have diarrhoea lå dùziRabbi LåbïLatin (especially written) LådíngwênLatin (especially spoken) Lådíngyøto have diarrhoea lå dùzirubbish, garbage låjíto pull the curtains låshangto leave behind by mistake låxièto come, bring, bring to fruition, do læiit may not be X X bù læiit may be X X de læiX hither, towards, near (where X is a verb) X læiX on up, X on down, X on over (X is a verb) X læi (læi is added for emphasis)to come [here] chõ[lai]to rise [up] qï[lai]during, since, for X (X is some time) X læiabout X (X is a number used descriptively) X læi geI'll have (colloquially, have to eat or drink) læiuntil; to come to læi dèoto menstruate læi yuìjíngto come from læi zðcannot do in the time available læibujîuntil; to come to læidèocan do in the time available læidejîround journey, up down; to and fro læihuîreturn ticket læihuîpièoto approach (a certain time) læilîncomings and goings, dealings, contacts læiwçngto come and go, deal læiwçnga letter from læixðnto originate [from], come [from] læiyuæn [yö]to come from læi zðto bar, obstruct, hinder lænblue læn [de]wolf læng



basketball lænqiöblue colour[ed] lænsì [de]basket lænzito drag, trawl, dredge læoto labour, toil, work læodôngexcuse me! (to draw attention) læojièbrass wind instrument, horn, loud speaker lçbåhorn (on a vehicle) lçbåloudspeaker lçbaidle, lazy, sluggish, dozy lçnto read out loud lçngdölazy lçnduôold, aged (advanced in years), not young lçoold-fashioned, overgrown, long-term lçoeldest to the youngest by number lço dè, lço êr, lço sån (and so on)dear, beloved X (X by name or title) lço Xalways, ever lço (See lçoshð)ordinary, common people lçobçixðngemployer, boss, shopkeeper lçobçnMadam, aunty, nan (respecting older woman) lçodèmåMadam, aunty, nan (respecting older woman) lçodèniængSir, uncle, grandpa (respect for older man) lçodèyedenim jacket lçodôngbù jiækìshån (MW is [yî]jièn)tiger lçohøold home town lçojiåmaternal grandmother lçolaoteacher lçoshíall the time lçoshðrarely, seldom lçoshð bùhonest, well-behaved, naive; honestly, openly lçoshimouse, rat lçoshøMadam, elderly lady (respects elderly) lçotèitaiold man (disrespectful term) lçotòurLaos LçowñLaotian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Lçowñ[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)maternal grandfather lçoyewax lèchilli hot, spicy lèchilli pepper lèjiåochilli sauce lèjiåojièngover-ripe, rotten, worn out, very well cooked lèna wave lèng



wast, excess; wasteful, to waste, fritter away lèngfìiromantic lèngmèncandle lèzhöX hither, towards, near (where X is a verb) Xlai; X læidid … already! … la! (=le + a! )thunder lêithunderstorm lêiyøcold lëngcynical, cool, cold (attitude) lëngchæo rìfëngcool headed, calm, sober lëngjðngto cool lëngquìcool drink, cold drink lëngyïnhappy, cheerful, joyful lìpositiveness, optimism; positive, optimistic lìguånoptimistic lìguånzhøyð deoptimist lìguånzhøyðzhëteardrop, tears lìi… (as types of, sorts of) …-lìi (MW)the next type of question xièlìi wìntî (lìi here is a MW)tired, worn out; tiring lìiexhausted, tired out lìihuèileto be like, resemble; like, similar lìisðjoy, happiness, delight, pleasure lìqùtreat (special favour) lìshðconduct lìyðparadise lìyuændid … (past tense: a grammatical marker) … le (Compare the air of finality of liço)did not (past tense: a grammatical marker) (not normally bù le: see mêi)no longer … bù … lehaving become … … leX any more! (X is Don't …) X le! (X is böyèo … or biê …)distance from, off, away lîto part, leave, separate lîcourtesy, manners, ceremony, gift lîpear lîfence lîbåto divorce; to get divorced lîhõninflation lîhõnlþto depart from, leave, quit; to separate lîkåidivorced lîlehõndawn lîmîngat dawn lîmîngshî



centimetre lîmïto face, confront; to look out over lînjust about to, just upon lînto work well (e.g. vehicle brakes) lîngspirit lîng; xínlîng“spirit body” “lîng de shéntï”bell lîngzero, nil, nought, nowt lînglength of time, duration, age lîngspirit, mind, “soul” lînghönpocket money lînghuåqiænflexible, quick, nimble lînghuòpart (mechanical) lîngjiènpocket money, small change lîngqiænperson on disability allowance lîngqø føxùjín de rênspirit body lîngtïspirituality lîngxðngminus (below zero) lîngxièpocket money lîngyôngqiænneighbour lînjõtemporary lînshîat the last moment, at the time lînshîshower lînyùshower (for washing under) lînyùjiån[located] in [zèi] … lïinside…, within … … lïli, 0.5 kilometre lïweek lïbèiXth day of the week (Monday is weekday 1) LïbèiXSunday lïbèirð (See also: xíngqírð )Sunday lïbèitiån[located] inside…, within … [zèi] … lïbian (See also lïmian]to get one's hair cut lïfèhairdresser lïfèshíbarber lïfèdiènto interfere lïhuðcomprehension; to see, understand lïjië; mîngbai; dóngwitness lïjùthe natural science field of study lïkétheoretical concept; theory lïlùncourtesy, manners, politeness; courteous lïmèo[located] inside [zèi] … lïmièn; (or: lïmian)



neck, collar; to lead, usher lïngto receive, draw a benefit lïngguidance, direction, leadership; to lead lïngdçoleader lïngdçorên[neck]tie lïngdèipilot (on water) lïnghængyuæn (MW is [yð]mîng)to understand lïnghuðconsulate lïngshðguçnleader(s), chief lïngxiùfield lïngyùgift, present lïpïnassembly hall, hall, auditorium, theatre lïtæng[located] inside…, within … [zèi] … lïtou (Colloquial only; see lïbian]gift, present lïwùideal, wish, dream lïxiçngargumentation, reason lïyòuplum lïziforce, power, strength lðto establish, set up, stand, stand up, erect lðexample, instance, case lð… (as small round items, pills, grains, etc.) lð (MW)several grains of sand jïlð shåzi (lð here is a MW)pill lðviewpoint, standpoint, position lðchçngthrone lðdðngcube, cubic metre lðfångextreme, severe, strict lðhairight away, without delay, immediately lðjîright away, without delay, immediately lðkìstrength, power, force lðliangto help lðngother, another; another [one]; separately lðngamazing lðng rên jíngyèembarrassing lðng rên wêinæn deexciting lðng rên xíngfìn depleasing, pleasant, enjoyable lðng rên yökuèi deamazing lðngrên jíngyèother, separate, another; separately, as extra lðngwèiother sheep lðngwèi de miænyængphysical, energy, power, effort, strength lðqito exercise, manifest lðqiöfor example, such as lðrö



profit lðrùnhistory, historical record lðshïhistorian lðshïjiåto endeavour, try lðtö; jðnlðexception lðwèifinancial interest lðxíto set, establish lðxiabenefit, interest lðyðto use, take advantage of lðyônglychee lðzhíexample, case, occurence lðzichestnut lðzifirst li zuðxiånone after another, even, also; to link liænflu, cold; cold, cool, discouraged liængto measure liængbeam, joist liæng (MW is [yð]gén)best wishes liænghço zhùyuèncool, refreshingly cool liængkuèifood, foodstuffs, provisions, grain liængshisandals liængxiêspiritual help liængzhùto unite, join together, link liænhêUnited Nation Liænhêguòsocial gathering; to have a social party liænhuånparty, gathering event liænhuånhuðto link, join, connect together (physically) liænjiéconnection (on transport) liænjiédiçnto join together liænjiéqïlæiat once, without delay, promptly liænmængpity liçnmïnlink, connection, contact, liaison liænxðto link, be related (subject) liænxðto contact, make a connection, liaise liænxðone after another, continuously liænxùserial, series (episodes) liænxùjùfrock, dress liænyíqönLaos LiæoguòLaotian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Liæo[guò][-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)to chat liæotiån[r]two, several, a few liçface, self-esteem, honour, self-respect liçn



to lose face diõ liçna couple of, two of(measure; not the number) liçng- (method as for ‘yð-’: e.g. ‘liçngge’)two (measure: a couple of; not the number) liçngneither X … (present or future action) liçngge X dñu bù … (change MW ge )neither X … (past action or “have”) liçngge X dñu mêi … (change MW ge )twice liçng cðboth liçng geneither liçngzhë dñu bùto blush liçnhòngto complete doing … … liçô[le]X [can completely] Y X Y de liçoX [cannot at all] Y X Y bö liçocompletely amazing, extraordinary liçobuqïcomprehension, understanding, knowledge liçojiëto comprehend, understand, know, inquire liçojiëawareness of, realization, knowledge (facts) liçojiëto be aware of, realize, know liçojiëlove, passion, love affair lièn'èisome, one or two, a couple of; both lièngliang, 0.05 kilogram [of] lièngto brighten up, be switched on liènglight, shiny, bright lièngto cool, let cool lièngto leave to dry lièng… (as vehicles, incl. bicycles) …-lièng (MW)fifteen cars shîwùlièng qðchéquantity, amount, volume, capacity lièngto dry out in the sun liènggåncondensed milk liènrøpractice, exercise drill; to practise, exercise liènxîexercise book liènxîbënexercise book liènxîbù liènzi (MW is [yð]tiæo)… (trains) …-liì (MW)two trains liçngliì huóché (liì here is a MW)to arrange in sequence, enumerate, list liìto burst (water pipe, etc.) liìtrain liìchétrain conductor, attendant liìchéyuænnation(s) liìguòappointed times of the nations liìguò de jðdðng shîqíhellfire liìhuó



alcoholic spirits, hard liquor liìjiøcracked liìkåileto keep, save, stay, let stay, leave behind liöflow, current; to flow, stream, pour liöto spread, pass on, circulate liöchuænto leave behind for safekeeping liöcönfluent, smooth liölðrogue, gangster, hooligan liömængsouvenir; to keep as a souvenir liöniènto stay overnight liösùpopular, fashionable liöxîngto stay, to leave behind deliberately liöxièto study abroad liöxuêoverseas student liöxuêshéngto bleed liöxuìmessage liöyænmessage machine, answering machine liöyænjípay attention liöyðprophetic liöyðsix liùsixty liùshîto remain; stay liùxiæ; liù xiaJune, month 6 Liùyuìfirst lizuðxiåndragon lòngdeaf, partly deaf lòngdeaf lòngdestorey, floor, building lòuthe floor at ground level yîlòuupstairs lòushèngstairs lòutí“circle” upstairs in a theatre lòutíngdownstairs lòuxièto leak out, disclose, omit, lack lôuto show, betray, reveal lôu (more commonly lù)to leak, leak water loùshuïfire (for heating) löhuósteamship lönchuænLondon Löndõnwheel lönzirange, stove lözèocooker, stove lözi



duck stewed in a pot løyådissertation, thesis lùnwênto record, copy, tape lùdeer lùroad, street, way, route lùroute number X [bus] X lù [qðché]to show, betray, reveal lùkerb, curb lùbiån xiångbiånshîroad sign lùbiåoland, dry land lùdðto pass close to, pass through lùguôjunction, intersection, crossing lùkóuarmy lùjõnpoint, thought, idea (in a conversation) lùdiçnroadway lùshèngon the way, en route on the road lùshangopen-air, outdoors, beneath the sky lùtiånjourney lùtöroute, approach lùxiènlane of a highway carriageway lùxiènvideo recording; to record a video, tape lùxièngvideo tape, video cassette lùxièngdèivideo cassette recorder (VCR) lùxièngjíone after the other, in succession lùxùaudio recording; to record by sound, to tape lùyín[an] answering machine [yðtæi] lùyín diènhuè (tæi is a MW)magnetic tape lùyíndèitape recorder lùyínjítape recording lùyînin a disorderly mess; in a disorderly way luènin confusion; muddled luènqíbåzåo… stacks, orderly piles …luò (MW)radish, turnip luòboRome Luòmçscrewdriver luòsídåospiral luòxuænxîngdenaked, nude, bare luótïdeto drop, fall, lower, bring down luôto lower, let down, bring down luôxiè[læi]to set, go down luôto trail, lag behind, decline, leave behind luôbehind the times, backward; to fall behind luôhôu



camel luôtou (MW is [yð]tòu)to fall luôxièlæitrip, journey lýchênghotel lýguçnhotel guest, traveller, passenger lýkìbackground, personal history lýlðtravel, journey lýtötravel; to travel, journey, trip lýxîngto fulfil lýxîngguided tour yóu dçoyòu de lýxîng (MW is yîcð )travel agency lýxîngshìtourist group lýxîngtuænto travel, tour lýyòutravel guidebook lýyòu zhïnæntourist, traveller lýyòuzhëgreen lþ [de]green tea lþ chæthe Law Lþfçgreen colour(ed) lþsì [de]lawyer, solicitor, barrister lþshíto leave out, omit; briefly, a bit lúì



< mmother måmother, mum måmacat måokitten, little cat xiçomåoowl måotòuyíngtrouble; to trouble; troublesome mæfansorry you were troubled mæfan nï letroublesome mæfandeto bury mæito bury mæizèngmahjong mæjièngnumb mæmù[de]busy, busy doing mængso busy that can't X mæng bù Xbusy (doing something) mængguómango mængguóbusy doing X, busy X-ing mængzhe Xsteamed bread mæntoumao (Chinese money unit) mæohair (on the body) mæo (See also: tòufa)writing brush mæobïdefect, illness, shortcoming, bad habit mæobðngcontradiction; contradictory, inconsistent mæodùntowel mæojínwool mæoxiènwoollen pullover, sweater, jumper mæoyíspicy beancurd or tofu mæpò dôufusesame oil mæyòumeasles mæzhënhorse mçhorsecart, cart mçchécareless, sloppy mçhuto buy [for someone] [gëi móurên] mçi(lai)available by purchase nêng mçidèocannot buy (afford) … mçi bù qï …available by purchase mçi de dèocan buy (afford) … mçi de qï …to go shopping, shop mçi dñngxibusiness, commerce, trade mçimai(German) mark mçkì



Malaysia MçlæixíyèMalaysian (generally) MçlæixíyèdeMalaysian (person) Mçlæixíyèrênroad, avenue, street mçlùcareless; so-so mçmçhõhõsatisfied, content, filled, full mçnwhole, all; satisfactory; fairly, quite mçnto reach a point, reach a limit mçncontent, satisfied; to be pleased, content mçnyðcontent (not wanting more) mçnzöto satisfy, fulfill, be satisfied; satisfied mçnzöat once mçshèngdock, jetty, wharf, pier mçtouponytail (hairstyle) mçwëi fèxîngto swear, curse; to scold mèto stride, step out mèiwheat mèito sell [to someone] mèi [gëi móurên]to sell well mèi chõqucannot sell mèi bù chõcan sell mèi de chõsold mèidièoto step over mèiguômicrophone mèikìféngsold out mèiwænwheat mèizimother mèmaslow; slowly mènTake care! (lit. walk slowly; saying goodbye) mèn zóuslowly mènmåndejogging mènpçoto risk, take risks, face bravely; to falsify mèoto emit mèolooks, appearance mèofalse (imitation) mèopæihuô[an] adventure [yîcð] mèoxiçn (cð here is a MW)adventurous; to take a risk mèoxiçntrade, commerce mèoyðcap, hat mèoziX, is it so? (turns a statement into a question) X ma?X, isn't it obvious! X ma!As for X, well, Y. (marks pause for thought) X ma, Y.



stuffy méndid not … mêi …have not …; there isn't/aren't … mêi [yóu] …to be used up, be gone mêi [yóu] lecoal mêino way mêi fçzito miss (a bus, train or flight) mêi gçnshèngit doesn't matter; it's OK mêi guånxiabsent, not turned up mêi læiabsent, not gone mêi qùit's nothing, don't mention it mêi shênmeno problem mêi wìntîboring, uninteresting, pointless meî yðsihave not; there isn't/aren't mêi yóuthere isn't much …, there's little … mêi yóu duñshço …no-one (subject in part of a sentence) mêi yóu rênuseless mêi yôngit's not wrong; it's right mêicuônever mind! it doesn't matter; it's OK mêiguånxigas, gas from coal, gas for heating mêiqðit's OK, it doesn't matter; be not too busy mêishðrunexpectedly mêixiçngdèowithout (not having …); no; not mêiyóu …have not …; there isn't/aren't …; didn't … mêiyóu …in less than mêiyóubefore … mêiyóu … yïqiænnothing mêiyóu shênmedoor, entrance, gate; house, family mên… (of study courses, subjects) …mên (MW)this science zhìmên kéxuê (mên here is a MW)to get, be mêngdoorway, gateway, access, entrance mêngkóudisciple mêntöbeautiful, good quality; perfection, beauty mëievery, each, per mëievery time mëi cðevery, each, per mëi [ge] (See also: bçifén zhí)everywhere mëi ge dðfangeveryone, everybody mëi ge rêneverything mëi jièn shðevery year; yearly; annual mëi niæn deevery day; daily mëi tiån



every night; nightly mëi yì deevery week; weekly mëi zhñuevery mëigeUSA MëiguòAmerican (general things) MëiguòdeAmerican (person from USA) Mëiguòrêngood, bright, pretty (things, places) mëihçoUS dollar mëijínbeauty mëilðbeautiful, pretty (things, places) mëilð [de]; yñumëifine arts mëishùart gallery mëishùguçnevery day mëitiånUS dollar mëiyuænAmerica Mëizhñufurious, violent mëngliìwife's younger sister's husband; bro'-in-law mìifuyounger sister mìimeidepressed, uninterested, bored; dull, boring mìndream mìngto dream, have a dream zuô mìng…s …menenthusiast, fan, great admirer mîmystery, puzzling circumstances mîto be fascinated by; to admire a lot; to be lost mîkiwi fruit mîhòutæopuzzled mîhuôlost (having lost one's way) mîlùname, reputation, pretext; famous mîngthrough (in the name of) fìng … de mîng… (as people of reputation, name or fame) … mîng (MW)four doctors sðmîng yíshéng (mîng here is a MW)called, named mîng jièoto understand, see, realize mîngbai; lïjië; dóngclear, obvious, frank, sensible, reasonable mîngbailist mîngdånfolk song mîn'gébright, well-lit; clear to understand mînglièngnext year mîngniænbrand name mîngpæinamecard mîngpiènto clarify, specify; clear, specific, definite mîngquì



definite mîngquêdefamous place, site of special interest mîngshìngtomorrow mîngtiånsee you tomorrow mîngtiån jiènstar, celebrity, famous person mîngxíngpostcard mîngxðnpiènclear, obvious mîngxiçnapparently mîngxiçndename, reputation mîngyùsensible mîngzhðname, first name, given name mîngzi (See also: surname, xðng)popular, folk mînjiånexplicitly stated, definite, positive mîngquìdemocracy; democratic mînzhønationality; nation, race, tribe mînzönation (a group with a common identity) mînzönational (of the group with common identity) mînzö deethnic group shçoshù mînzönational costume mînzö fözhuångnational (of a group with a common identity) mînzödeMessiah Mîsèiyèsuperstition mîxðnriddle, puzzle, conundrum mîyø[a] metre [yí] mïgrain, husked rice, raw rice mïcooked rice mïfèndense, close, intimate; intimately, secretly mðhoney mðhoney bee mðféngsecret; secretly, privately mðmðhighly confidential, secret mðmð [de]plot (secret plan) mðmð jðhuèlife, command, order, destiny, lot mðngcommand, order mðnglðng (MW is [yî]xièng)to command, order mðnglðng (MW is [yî]xièng)to send out a command, order xiè mðnglðngdestiny, lot, fate mðngyùnintimate, close; attentively, closely mðqiìclerk, secretary mðshõhoneymoon mðyuìcotton miænbùcotton wool miænhuå



cotton miænhuasheep miænyængcotton quilted clothing miænyíto describe miæoshùslender, thin miæotiæodeto describe, delineate, outline miæoxiëunavoidable miçnbùliçolest, so as to avoid miçndêBurma MiçndiènBurmese (See: German- of, person, lang…) Miçndièn[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)free of charge miçnfìireluctantly, narrowly; unconvincing miçnqiçngto force (X to do Y) miçnqiçngto do with a struggle, be barely able to miçnqiçngsecond (instant of time) miçoface, upper surface, outer surface; side miènflour, powder; to face; in person, directly mièn… (as flat, smooth things) mièn (MW)that mirror nèmièn jðngzi (mièn here is a mirror)bread miènbåobakery miènbåodièn (MW is [yð]jiåto face, face up to, confront, stand up to miènduðflour miènfënpastry (to be baked) miènhöarea, surface area miènjicheek miènjiæmask miènjùappearance, look, countenance, looks miènmèoface, character miènmùin front of […]; to [someone's] face … miènqiæninterview (for a job) miènshðnoodles mièntiæo[r]ingenious, skilled, clever, wonderful mièotemple mièo[located] at [zèi] … mianin the location (described by ‘zèi’) … mianto extinguish, be extinguished miìto exterminate, wipe out miìthe lights are off, the lights are out dièndéng miì leextinct (was living) miìjuì de“son of destruction” “miìwæng zhí zï”to mislead mihuô



specifically mîngmîng-bæibæi deto feel, touch, grope for, try to discover mñ(mo)to rub down, wear away, grind, sharpen mòto waste time; bother, hassle, torment mòcopy, model, type; to copy, imitate, mimic mòfçngpattern, model, example mòfènmushrooms mògudevil mòguïmagic yóu mòlð demagic, magical arts mòshùmodel (person) mòtìrto murder mòushåmurder mòushå èn (MW is [yð]qï )pattern, model mòxîngmotorized bicycle, motorbike, etc. mòtuñchéto smear on, apply; to wipe, erase mósome, certain, particular, so-and-so móusome place, somewhere móu ge dðfangsomewhere móuchùsomeone móurênone (particular, certain) móuyíink; black, dark môtime of the end môqíunfamiliar, strange môshéngstranger môshéngrênto confiscate môshñuink môshuïMexico Môxígéoyster mölðshape, appearance möyèngmother, elder female relation, aunt; female mømother mø qín; møqinmother møqin; mø qínlioness møshízihen møyínative language møyø (MW is [yð]zhóng)native Chinese speaker møyø shð Hènyø de rêngrave, tomb mùscreen, curtain; act, scene (theatrical) mùboard, plank mùbån (MW is [yî]kuèi)gravestone, tombstone mùbéigoal, target, aim mùbiåo



aim, objective, target, goal, purpose, object mùdðdestination mùdðdðlist mùlùraspberry mùmêiherdsman mùmînpuppet mù'óuat present, currently, now mùqiænright at the present moment mùqiændepriest, minister of religion (Protestant) mùshíMuslim Mùsílînwood, timber, log mùtouwooden mùzhðde



< nto carry, grasp hold, take, fetch, bring næwith X, having taken X næ Xto bring nælæimale nændifficult nænsouth; southern, south nænhard, difficult nænX with a bad effect (X is a verb) (e.g. foul-) næn Xsouth side, the south næn biansouth side, the south næn mièn (See also: nænbian)performer, actor [næn] yçnyuænperformer, actress [ný] yçnyuænmale … næn-…man and woman næn-nýsouth nænbiånsouth side, the south nænbiansouthern area nænbùdo you really mean X could do Y? nændèo X Y ma?seldom, scarcely, rarely nændêsoutherly direction, south; the southern part nænfångpumpkin nån'guåno surprise that næn'guèito struggle along; saddened, sad næn'guôboy nænhæirboy nænhæiziSouth Pole; Antarctic nænjîugly, looking awful, pale, embarrassing nænkèninevitable, difficult to avoid; unavoidable nænmiçnsouth side, the south nænmiènboyfriend nænpêngyouman, husband nænrênhard to bear, uncomfortable, unwell, down nænshuñembarrassing nænwêiqîngfoul smelling nænwênmale (male sex) nænxðngincredible nånyïzhðxðnpuzzle of a question næntîto take away, carry off, remove næqùto take down, pick out and take næxièto take, remove næzóu



which? (singular) nç [yî]ge? (change ‘ge’ to ‘bën’, etc. as necessary)

how could X possibly do Y? X nç Y?any X, whatever X nç X dñuwhich kind? nç zhóng?what kind of? nç yí zhóng?which [one]? which X? nçge [X]?milk nçicheese nçilèofather's mother, paternal grandmother nçinaiwhere? nçlï?don't mention it! (reaction to a comment) nçli [nçli]how could X possibly do Y? X nçli Y?wherever nçli dñunot really (reaction to a comment) nçli nçlibrain nçohead (of body) nçodaimind; (spirit, disposition) nçohçibrain, mind nçojínbrain; brains, intelligence, mind, head nçozieven if … even then … nçpè … yë …where? nçr?nowhere (present or past without “have”) nçr dñu bù …nowhere (past event or with “have) nçr dñu mêi … (for: bù+le or bù+yóu)which? (plural) which ones? nçxié?that (pronoun) nèthat [one] (pronoun) nè (followed by a measure word)that, those (with a number) … nè (number) (measure word) …over there, over that side nè biånover there, over that side nèbiånthat … nège …that (conj.) [omit]patient, calm nèifænpatience, strength, stamina nèilðpatient, calm; patiently, calmly; patience nèixíndurable, enduring, tough, heavy duty nèiyông[located] there [zèi] nèli, [zèi] nèlïin that case; in that manner nèmeso (to such an extent); by this means, thus nème (See also: zhìme)if (on the condition that) …, then röguó …, nèmuó …male human, man nènto make a hubbub; to be troubled by nèo



to make something become … nèo …to release … (an emotion) nèo …alarm clock nèozhñng[located] there [zèi] nèrnowhere nèr dñu bö zèithen, at that moment nèshî; dångshîthose [ones]; those … nèxié; nèxié …thus, so, that manner nèyèng… on! … up! (encouraging or urging) … na!over there nìibiånRAM (of a computer) nìicönwife's younger brother; brother-in-law nìidðto feel guilty nìijiùunderpants nìikù (MW is [yð]tiåo)wife's older brother; frother-in-law nìixiñngunderwear, undershirt nìiyíability, skill; to have the ability to; can nêng; dèocan, may nêngcan; know how to nêng; huðcompetent, able, capable nênggènan able doctor nênggèn de yíshéngcan, to be competent to, to be able to nênggôuability, capability nênglðwhich? (sing.) nëi [yî]ge? (change ‘ge’ to ‘bën’, etc. as

necessary)which kind? nëi zhóng?within X time X nìiinternal, inner nìithat (pronoun) nìiinternal, interior nìibùfor internal official use nìibùthat … nìige …study of internal medicine nìikécontents nìiròngand what about …? and what of …? … ne?and where is …? … ne?… (continuing) even yet … neabout, regarding, of neheart neðxínmud, clay; mashed vegetables, purêed fruit nînun (Buddhist) nîgõnylon nîlòng



you (polite form) nînto pinch (squeeze) nîngcalm, quiet, peaceful (location) nîngjðngrather than nîngkëlemon, citrus nîngmênglemonade nîngmêngshuïearth, soil nîtøyou nïone (a person, you) nï; yîge rênhow do you do, hello, hi nï hço!how are you? are you well? nï hço ma?look! nï kènyour nïdeYOU (you in the plural case) nïmenYOUR (your in the plural case) nïmendeto resist (e.g. a water current) nðinjury, pain, evil nðjðngwould better (do something else) nðngkëwould better (do something else) nðngkënwould better (do something else) nðngyuènread aloud [something] niæn …year; New Year; age in years, annual niænto stick, glue; sticky niæn (See also: zhån: same character)decade, era, period [of X] [X] niændèichronology niæn dèi jð suènchronology niændèixuêmother, mum niængmaiden name niængjiå de xðngstudy year, form niænjðway of life niænjðage (of a person) niænjðage (of a person) niænlîngeldest, oldest niænlîng zuð dè [de]elder, older niænlîng jièo dè deyoung niænqíngyouth(s) niænqíngrênbird niço (MW is [yð]zhí )nest niçochæoto study with books niènshõto pinch (squeeze) niécattle, ox, cow niöcow's milk niönçi



beef niörôujeans niözçikùto twist, wrestle, swing, sway niøbutton (on clothes) niøkôuNew York Niøyuéagriculture, farming nòngdense, thick vapour, atmosphere, colour nòngstrong, great, powerful, deep nòngthick (of fluids) nòngdark tea, strong tea nòng chæfarm (cultivation) nòngchçngfarmer (cultivator) nòngchçngzhøfarmlands, countryside, village, rurals nòngcõnChinese lunar calendar nònglðfarmer, farm workers, peasant nòngmînfarming, agriculture nòngyìto cause, bring about, make; to get, obtain nôngto play with, amuse oneself doing nôngto clean nông gånjðngconfused (in the mind) nông hötumistaken nôngcuôto dry nônggånto break, smash, shatter nônghuèislave; to work hard; hardworking; diligently nölðeffort nølðanger, fury; angry, furious nùwarm, friendly; to get warm, to make warm nuçn(huo)warm, cosy; to get warm, to make warm nuçnhuoheating, warm air, central heating, radiator nuçnqðNorway NuòwéiNorwegian (general things) NuòwéideNorwegian (people) Nuòwéirênglutinous rice nuômïpromise nuôyænwoman nýblouse ný chìnshånfemale police officer, policewoman ný jïngchæfemale … ný-female nýdedaughter ný'êrdress, frock nýfögirl nýhæi[r]



girl nýhæizigirlfriend nýpêngyouwoman nýrêngoddess nýshênlady, miss nýshðqueen nýwængson-in-law nýxueffeminate nýzïqð de



< oeuro ñuyuænEurope Ñuzhñucontinental Europe Ñuzhñu dèlùEuropean Ñuzhñu deEuropean Ñuzhñu GôngtòngtïEuropean Union Ñuzhñu LiænmêngOh! (is that so?) òseldom, rarely, occasionally óu'ëraccidentally, by chance, occasionally óurænaccidentally, by chance óurændeto vomit, be sick óutùOh! (just realized) ô

< pto tap, clap, beat, fire, fire off, send off påibat, raquet påi[zi]to auction påimèiauctioned off påimèidèoproduction (of films) påishìbat, raquet påizito climb (steep terrain) påndéngblister påo; pèoto abandon, forsake, desert påoqðabandoned påozhõ-nçohôuto climb, creep, crawl pæto pickpocket pærow (e.g. of seats); to set in a line, arrange pæi… (as rows of) …pæi (MW)three rows of seats sånpæi zuôwìi (pæi here is a MW)to rehearse pæicard, playing cards, dominoes, sign, board pæibrand mark, trademark pæito line up, queue pæi duðto line up pæichêng yíxiènto bar, make a barrier pæichðto drain, discharge pæidièoto line up, queue pæiduð



volleyball pæiqiölicence, permit pæizhèolicence plate (vehicle) pæizhèoplate, tray, games board pæn… (as flat items, board games) … pæn (MW)this video tape zhìpæn lùxièngdèi (pæn here is a MW)edge, margin, side; other, side, on the side pængside of the road lù pængradical part of a Chinese character pængbeside …, by (the side of) [zèi] … pæng[biån]beside, by (the side of) [zèi] … pængbiånenormous pængdècrab pængxiìrock pænshîplate, dish, tray, board pænzito climb onto, mount pæshèngpickpocket pæshóuto flee, run away, escape, run pçoX away, X off (X is a verb) …pçoto rush around busily, do jobs, errands pçorunning, jogging; to run, jog pçobùracetrack (animals) pçodèoto run across the road pçoguô mçlùto run past pçoguôquto be afraid, fear, be worried lest; afraid pègroup, faction, sect pèito send, send off, despatch, appoint, assign pèito hope for, wish for, yearn for pènapostates pèndèoassessment, decision, judgement pènduènto assess, decide, judge pènduènfat, obese pèngto hope for, wish for, yearn for pènwèngcannon, artillery, ordnance pèoblister pèo; påoto squirt, gush, spray pénfountain pénquæncooking, preparation, cuisine péngtiæosneeze péntðspray pénwùqðto mix around with, accompany pêi[tòng]to lose money, lose financially pêi



to compensate, reimburse, indemnify pêito mix around with, accompany pêitòngto train, develop, nurture pêiyçngto breed, cultivate pêiyùbowl, basin, tub, pot pênshack pêngliæoshack, hut pêngwõfriend pêngyouto expand, get larger pêngzhèngjury (court case) pêishëntuænto carry by hand, butter up, flatter pëngto deserve, be qualified, fit pìito match, blend in, blend, mix, mate pìito co-operate, work together, co-ordinate pìihêingredient pìilièo (MW is [yð]zhóng)spouse pìi'óuto touch, bump into, meet, have a try pìngto encounter, bump into unexpectedly pìngjiènby chance, happen to, coincidentally pìngqiçoto bump into, bump pìngzhuèngto criticise; to mark work assignments pí… (as groups of people, batches of products) …pí (MW)a group of friends yðpí pêngyou (pí here is a MW)to wrap round, wear as a shawl píping-pong, table tennis píngpångqiöto risk all; to one's utmost pínmðngto risk one's life; as far as death pínmðngPinyin, Chinese syllabic phonetic system pínyínto spell pínxiëto combine sounds into syllables pínyíncriticism, critical assessment; to criticise pípèncriticism, critical comment; to criticise pípîngcritical (about giving criticism) pípîng decritic pípîngjièto approve; to agree to a request pízhønouter layer, skin, peel, bark, hide, leather pî… (as horses) …pî; pï (MW)five mules wùpî luòzi (pî here is a MW)leather bag, briefcase pîbåobelt (mechanical) pîdèi[to feel] worn out [gçndèo] pîfæskin pîfõ



leather pîgêbeer pîjiøtired, weary pîjuèn[de]tired out, worn out, exhausted pîlæoflat, even, level, equal, average pîngordinary, common pîngbalanced, level, horizontal pîngpeaceful, impartial, objective pîngto level out, pacify, bring peace, calm pîngto rely on, to use as the basis, base on pîngbottle, jar pîngpeace; peaceful pîng'ånusual, common, ordinary, plain pîngchængusually, normally, ordinarily pîngchængequality pîngdëngequal pîngdëngdesquare (measurement of area) pîngfångone square kilometre yð pîngfång gñnglïcommonplace, ordinary pîngfænapple pîngguóeven (smooth as of large surfaces like roads) pînghuæ[de] (See also: guånghuæ)balance (equilibrium) pînghêngjury (competition) pîngjiçngtuæncalm peaceful, quiet pîngjðngcalm weather pîngjðngmean, average; equally pîngjõnmiserable, very poor (person) pîngkùnmiserable …, very poor …(condtions) pîngkùn de …comment, review, commentary pînglùnto comment on, review, discuss pînglùnto judge, referee (competitions) pîngpènpeacefully, in peace pîngpîng-ån'ånbottle opener pîngqïziusually, normally, ordinarily pîngshîplain, plateau, flat lands, level ground pîngyuænbottle pîngzibarren pînjîdepoor, hit by poverty pînkøpoor (not rich), in poor condition pînqiònga musical instrument pîpadisposition, attitude, temper pîqishadow play pîyïngxð



… (as horses) …pï; pî (MW)five mules wùpï luòzi (pï here is a MW)goods pïnmorality, moral character pïndêpersonal character, morality; quality of work pïng'êpint pïntuñacts, conduct pïnxîngquality, style, character pïnzhðvariety, strain pïnzhóngbuttocks pðgufor example, such as pðröwillfully, stubbornly piåninclined, tending, biased, partial piån… (as write-ups of, of articles of) …-piån (MW)that article nèpiån wênzhång (piån here is a MW)the next article xiè yi piån wênzhångchapter piånprejudice, preference piån'èibias, prejudice, favouritism piånjiènunprejudices, unbiased, open-minded mêiyóu piånjiènwillfully, stubbornly, unexpectedly piånpiånto float, drift (on water) piåoto float (in the air), to be wind-blown piåoto flutter, fly piåoyængbenefit, advantages; cheap, inexpensive piænyi… (as plates, layers, expanses, moods) …pièn (MW)four slices of bread sðpièn miènbåo (pièn here is a MW)tablets pièn(r)to cheat, deceive piènmoment in time, instant piènkìpartial, biased, one-sided piènmièntablets piènr(a) cheat, (a) cheater piènziticket pièofare pièojièbeautiful, attractive; pretty (said of women) pièoliangsoul piébank, slope pñhusband's mother; mother-in-law pòpoto break, destroy; broken, ruined, worn-out pôpersecution pôhèito destroy, spoil, damage pôhuèi



urgent; urgently pôqiìto assault, jump on; givee all for, put all into põto spread out, lay, pave, cover põpaving põguopaved road, pavement põguo de dèolùpaved surface, pavement põguo de dðmiènpaved road, pavement põguo de lùmiènservant pörênPortugal PötæoyæPortuguese (things in general) Pötæoyæ dePortuguese (people) PötæoyærênPortuguese (language, especially written) PötæoyæwênPortuguese (language, especially spoken) Pötæoyæyøgrapes pötaowine pötaojiøgeneral, common, universal pøbièngenerally, commonly, universally pøbièndeplain, straight forward, unsophisticated pøshî[de]plain, simple pøsùcommon, general pøtñng[de]Mandarin, common language spoken Pøtñnghuèwaterfall pùbùcards (game) pùkìpæi



< qseven, 7 qítime period, date, set time; project phase qí… (as periodical issues) …qí (MW)the first issue of this magazine zhìbën zæzhð de dðyðqí (qí here is a MW)to hope, anticipate, look forward to, wish for qídèibully qífuduring …, in … period of time [zæi] … qíjiånparent, relative, next-of-kin, marriage qíndear, close, intimate; in person; to kiss qíndear, beloved, darling qín'èito invade qínfènblue, green qínglightweight, small, young; easy to do qíngminor (not serious) qínglightly, gently, softly qíngto settle, clear up (account), clear, distinct qíngvegetables qíng cèiclean, pure qíngbæivegetables qíngcèito know, be aware, understand qíngchuWell; clearly …; clear, distinct qíngchugreen peas qíngdôupeppers, capsicums (generally) qíngjiåocleanliness; clean qíngjiêpeaceful, undisturbed, quiet qíngjðngyoung person, youth qíngniænfrog qíngwå (MW is [yð]zhí )to invade qínrùyoungster, teenager, adolescent qíngshèoniænto speak with a quiet voice, speak quietly qíngshéng de jiçnghuèrelaxed, light qíngsñngclear soup qíngtångbronze qíngtòngexplicit qíngxíinclination, tendency; to tend to, prefer qíngxièngearly in the morning qíngzçoMuslim QíngzhénIslam QíngzhénjièoIslamic QíngzhénjièodeMuslim (person) Qíngzhénjièotö



mosque Qíngzhénsðbruise qíngzhóngto draw close to; approach, deal intimately qínjðnnear, close to qínjðninvasion, encroachment; to invade, encroach qínluìclose, intimate qínmðto admire qínpìirelative, kin, family qínqikind, warm, cordial qínqiìwarmhearted, affectionate qínrìto witness qínyçn mùdøone's (e.g. him) self, in person, personally qínzðkiss qínzuïto deceive, cheat, fool qípiènseventy qíshîhope, expectation, anticipation qíwèngto hope, await, expect, anticipate qíwèngbully qíwømonth 7, July Qíyuìhalf-term holiday qízhñng jièwife qízi

neat, tidy, complete, together, similar qîsimultaneously, together qîflag qî (MW is [yî]mièn)to ride [a …] qî […]motorcyclist qî mòtuñché de rênto cycle, ride (on a bike) qî zðxîngchéthe next in order qîcðprayer qîdçostrange, surprising qîguèimiracle, wonderful deed qîjíto support qîlðto ride a horse qîmçwonderful qîmièostringed instrument qîncelery qîncèiindustrious, hardworking qînfìnfine, clear (weather) qîngsight, scene; situation, circumstances qîngjïngstory line, plot; situation, circumstances qîngjiêcondition, situation, circumstances qîngkuèng



it depends qîngkuèng [êr dðng]sunny, clear, fine qînglçngreason qînglïsunny [day] qîngtiåncondition, situation, circumstances qîngxingmorale, mood, frame of mind, emotion qîngxùto beg, request qîquîin fact, really qîshîdiscrimination between peoples qîshðthe other(s); other qîtåfancy qîtìdethe remainder, remnant qîyömillion qîyöamong whom, in which qîzhñngbanner, flag qîzi

to get up, rise, raise, grow, begin, start qïto X up (X is another verb) X qïto start X-ing (X is another verb) X qïto be able to X (X is another verb) X de qïto be unable to X (X is another verb) X bù qïto react qï fçnyðngto function to work qï zuôyôngto get up (from bed) qïchuængenlightenment qïdîstarting point qïdiçnto start (machinery) qïdôngpenguin qï'êstimulation, inspiration; to stimulate, inspire qïfåadvantage; benefit qïfåto take off, start flying qïféibeggar qïgèiliving room qïjõshðto get up, rise, rise from bed, stand up qïlaito start opposition, rebel, resist, oppose qïlaito X upwards (X is another verb) X qïlaito start X-ing (X is another verb) X qïlaito complete X-ing (X is another verb) Xqïlaito seem to X like …(X is another verb) Xqïlaiit looks … kènqïlai …to become qïlaiat least qïmç



Please …X…! (…X… is a verb) Qïng …X…!to invite, request; please qïnginvitation (written) [yîfìn] qïngjiçnto request time off, request leave qïngjièto request advice, to consult qïngjièoto invite guests qïngkìrequest; to request, ask qïngqiöinvitation (written) [yîfìn] qïngtiëmay I ask; please: a question qïngwìnplease give me your attention qïngwìnplease sit [down] qïng zuô [xiè]to beg, request earnestly, implore qïqiöto inspire qïshðintention qïtõattempt, try; to attempt, try qïtöbusiness, enterprise qïyìorigin qïyuænscrewdriver, opener qïzi (MW is [yð]bç )

air, fumes, breath, smell; to anger, to fume qðsteam qðinstrument, tool, utensil qðmusical instrument yuìqðvehicle, bus, car, automobile qðchémotor racing qðché bïsèibus stand, bus station, bus stop qðchézhènhovercraft qðdiènchuænambience, atmosphere (mood) qðfénanger qðfìnorgan (body part) qðguånclimate, weather, situation qðhôuappliance qðjù (MW is [yî]jiènto celebrate, congratulate qðnghìcelebration, to celebrate qðngzhùballoon qðqiöfizzy frink, soft drink qðshuïtemperature (as in the weather) qðwénfumes, vapour, aroma (from chemicals) qðwìiweather activity; climatic events qðxièngpetrol, gasoline qðyòupetrol station qðyòuzhèncontract qðyué



thousand, numerous qiånto pull, lead manually qiånhumility; humble qiånbéi; qiån béipencil qiånbïpencil sharpener qiånbï dåopencil case qiånbïhêto sign (an agreement) qiåndðngfirearm, gun qiångto sign by name, give one's autograph qiånmîngbe sure to X … (X is another verb) qiånwèn X …ten million, many millions qiånwènmodest, not self-flattering, simple qiånxõvisa qiånzhìngto sign, put one's signature qiånzðto beat, bang, knock, tap, knock on the door qiåoto beat, strike qiåodçto knock on the door qiåomênearlier, first; ago; the former qiænprevious … qiæn X … (X is a MW like ‘ge’)previous … qiæn ge (ge is a typical MW)front; ahead, to the fore, ago, preceding, top qiænin front of, ahead of, before qiæn; yïqiænmoney, cost qiænfront door qiæn mênpurse, wallet qiænbåocurrency qiænbðahead; in front [zèi] … qiænbianpowerful, strong, better qiængwall qiængpowerful, strong qiængdè[de]robber, bandit qiængdèoemphasis, stress; to emphasize, stress qiængdièolevel of intensity, measure of strength qiængdùprevious qiæn'ge (ge is a typical MW)eager, zealous, strong qiængliìintense (feeling) qiængliìto coerce, compel, force qiængpôthe former (not the latter) qiæn zhësubject; theme; main point qiæng dièoprevious qiæn ge (ge is a typical MW)to strengthen; strong qiæng huè



to lower a … bç qî qièngxialai …compulsory qiængzhðxðng[de]strong qiængzhuèngfuture prospect qiænjïngahead; progress, movement ahead qiænjðnto go ahead, advance, go forward qiænjðnahead; in front of … [zèi] … qiænmièn; [zèi] … qiænmianthe aforementioned qiænmianthe year before [last]; two years ago qiænniænfront seat qiænpæi zuôwìito oblige to … qiængpô X …the day before [yesterday] qiæntiånahead, leading, frontal qiæntou defuture prospects, the future, the way ahead qiæntöeve qiænxíthe former (not the latter) qiæn zhëbridge qiæo[liæng]to look at, see look upon qiæoto look up to qiæo de qïto look down on qiæo bù qïelementary, easy, superficial, shallow qiçnlight X (X is a colour) qiçn Xto rob , loot, grab, contend, rush to get qiçngto rescue qiçngjiùingenious, clever, skilful, artful, deceitful qiçocoincidental, fortunate; cleverly qiçocoincidentally, by fortunate coincidence qiçocoincidence qiçohêchocolate(s) qiçokìlðingenious, brilliant, clever (method) qiçomièocunning (plan) qiçomièosuitable, fitting, appropriate qièdèngproperly qièdèng deit fortunately just happened that, “luckily” qièhçoto need, lack, owe qiènto owe money to … qièn … qiænpretty (said of women) qièoto cut, slice (food) qiéeggplant, aubergine qiêziburglar qiìzêisteadfastly qiì'êrbùshëdown; depressed qinëi



poor, on hard times, impoverished qiònghill qiõautumn, fall qiõtiånto request, seek to obtain qiöball, ball game, globe, sphere, the earth qiösports court, field qiöchçngbat (for games) qiöbèngfan, ardent follower [of …] …qiömîracket, racquet qiöpåi

district, area, zone qõdifference; to distinguish, note differences qõbiêto differentiate qõbiêto differentiate, distinguish qõfénhockey qõgùnqiöto break up, disperse (a crowd) qõsèntendency, trend qõshðdirection, tendency, trend; to incline, tend to qõxièngditch, drain, channel, trough qögroup, crowd, flock, herd qöna crowd of people yðqön rên… (as groups) …qön (MW)three flocks of birds sånqön niço (qön here is a MW)the public, the people, the masses qönzhôngmass movement qönzhông yùndongskirt qönzito obtain, get, take, fetch qøto withdraw money qøto select, admit (candidate); to choose (way) qøto gain, obtain, achieve, succeed in getting qødêto withdraw money qø qiænto call off, cancel, abandon, abolish qøxiåoto laugh at qøxièosong, melody, tune qøziATM qøkuçnjíto go [to]; to depart qùto X off, to X away (X is a verb) X qùin order to X; so as to go and achieve X qù Xgo where? to go where? where to? qù nçli? qù nçr?to get rid of qùdièoto dust … (clean the dust of the …) qùdiço … shang de huíchêndetergent qùgôujð



to have been in some place qùguolast year, the year gone qùniænto pass away, die qùshðinterest, delight, liking, preference, taste qùwìiring, circle, enclosure; to encircle, enclose quånview (-point) quåndiçnwhole, complete; wholly, all, completely quænauthority, power, right quænspring, water source quænfist quænwhole, complete, all quænbùwholly, all, completely; in its entirety quænbùdenationwide, national quæn'guòxðng deboxing (sport) quænjípanorama quænjïngauthority, power, controlling position quænlðrights quænlðcomprehensive, overall, all-purpose quænmièn[de]full-time quænrðto work full-time quænrð gñngzuôentire group; entire, all, whole quæntïfist quæntouauthority (persons in charge) quænwéito advise, urge, persuade quènadvice; to counsel, advise, exhort, urge quèn'gèoto urge quènmiçnto urge quènyùto be short of, to lack quéabsent from [meetings], missing [meetings] qué [jùhuð]shortcoming, defect quédiçnabsent, missing quédièo[de]lack, shortcoming, deficiency; to lack quéfæscarce, rare quéfædegap, breach (in a fence or hedge) quékóuto lack, be short of quéshçolacking quéshçoabsent quéxîyet, but, however quìstamina quìto settle on, determine; fixed, sure, settled quìdðngexact; exactly quìqiìto confirm quìrìn



certain, true, reliable quìshîcertainly, indeed, really quìshîexplicitly stated, definite, positive quìshî; mîngquìabsolutely sure, convinced, positive quìxðn



< rhowever, nevertheless, but, but rather ræn'êrafterwards, subsequently, then rænhôuto burn rænshåoto pardon, forgive ræodye; to get infected by, to form (a bad habit) rçnto dye the hair (of one's head) rçn tòufato shout, yell rçngto trouble, harass, make disorder, confusion rçoluènto allow, let, let happen, cause to happen rèng; gëiX by Y (passive voice, X is done by Y) X rèng Yto give someone a lift by car rèng móurên dåchéto make allowances, concessions rèngbùto coil, coil around, go around, bypass rèoto discard, throw, cast away réngto throw away, dipose of, throw out réngdièoperson, people rêntalent, gift, talented person rêncæihuman rights rênchuænkindness, forgiveness, consideration, mercy rêncîkindly, thoughtful, considerate, merciful rêncîyet, as before, still rêng[ræn]yet, as before, still rêngjiùlabour, manual work; artificial rên'gñngartificial rên'gñngdeyet, as before, still rêngrænto confess rêngrænfamily, household rênjiåother people, “they” (e.g. they do say) rênjia“one” (meaning oneself, the speaker) rênjianumber of population, number in family rênkóuhumankind rênlìianthropology rênlìixuêpeople (in general) rênmenthe people (of a country) rênmînpeople of the world shðjiì rênmînChinese currency (RMB of PRC) Rênmînbðhuman feelings rênqînghuman touch rênqîngwìihuman rights rênquæneverybody rênrên



human life rênshéngarts and humanities (field of study) rênwên xuêkécharacter (in a story), personal figure rênwùpedestrian crossing rênxîng hêngdèo (MW is [yð]tiæo)pavement (footway) rênxîngdèopersonnel, members of staff rênyuænartificial, man-made rênzèomargarine (artificial butter) rênzèo huængyòuhostage rênzhðSon of Man rênzïto tease, annoy, provoke, incite, draw rëto tolerate, endure, be patient rënto show self-restraint, be patient, endure rënnèito endure, put up with, tolerate rënshôuto endure, bear rënxínhot (temperature); heat, fever, fad; to heat rìhot air balloon rì qð qiöheatwave rìlèngenthusiastic, keen rìliìto recognize, identify, know, admit rìnto take … for … rìn … zuô …to assign, be responsible rìnlet whatever be, no matter [how, what, who] rìn[ping]fun, excitement; to liven up, jollify; lively rìnaoto recognize rìndeany … (negative); whatever … rìnhê …anyone, anybody, anything rìnhê …anywhere rìnhê dðfangnowhere (present or past without “have”) rìnhê dðfang dñu bù …nowhere (past event or with “have) rìnhê dðfang dñu mêi … (bù+le or bù+yóu)anything rìnhê shðany one of them, either rìnhê yí geto appoint, employ rìnmðnglet whatever be, no matter [how, what, who] rìn[ping]to know (be acquainted with), recognize rìnshito realize, be aware of, understand (a fact) rìnshito consider, believe, think [that], opine rìnwêiin my opinion wó rìnwêiresponsibility, task, assignment rìnwù; rìnwuconscientious, keen, serious rìnzhénzeal, love, passionate feelings, enthusiasm rìqîngzealous, loving, warm-hearted, enthusiastic rìqîng



wholehearted, warm-hearted, enthusiastic rìxínday, daytime, sun, daily, time (generally) rðdaily, daily newspaper rðbèoJapan Rðbënkarate Rðbën kñngshóudèoJapanese (of Japan, generally) Rðbënde (See also: Rð-wên|-yø)Japanese (person) Rðbënrêndaily, every day, day to day rðchæng[de]daily programme, schedule rðchéngitinerary rðchìngbiçosunup, sunrise rðchõdaily record, diary rðjðcalendar rðlðdate (in the month) rðqísundown, sunset rðluôJapanese language (especially written) Rðwênday by day, gradually, increasingly rðyðdaily basic needs rðyôngpïnJapanese language (especially spoken) RðyøJapanese yen Rðyuænday (as in Day of Jehovah), date, period rðzidaily way of life, daily support, livelihood rðzito allow, permit, tolerate, restrain, contain ròngto melt, cause to melt, become melted rònghuèto accommodate, hold (capacity) ròngnèharmonious ròngqièto put up with, tolerate, bear, endure ròngrënto allow, permit; allowed to, permitted to ròngxøglory ròngyèoapt, likely; simple, easy ròngyðjudo ròudèoflesh, meat, muscle, pulp rôumeat broth, meat soup, meat stew rôutångmeatball roùwænphysical eye rôuyçnto be similar to, match; according to rö (See also: bùrö)if (in the case that) … then … rö … jiù …for example, such as röin this way, so, such röcïif (on the condition that) …, then röguó …, nèmuó …… how/what … (relative form) … röhê …… how/what …? what sort …? (question) … röhê …?



nowadays, at this present time, these days röjínConfucianism RöjièoConfucianism Röjiåxíxiçngaccording to one's liking, ideal röyðbreasts (females') røfæng (See also: xiñngpø: males' breast)cheese rølèobrazier røzhèoto enter, go in, be admitted to, join up to rùway in, entrance rùkóucough sweet rùnhòutænggentle, soft, flexible, weak, easily influenced ruçncomputer software ruçnjiènweak ruçnruôsoft sleeper ruçnwôsoft seat ruçnzuôweak, of poor standard, inferior ruôweakness (=flesh-point) ruôdiçnseveral, a number of ruôgån



< sto let go, emit, throw såSadducee Sådõgåipèifalsehood såhuçnghe's lying tå zèi såhuçngplug (in bath , basin) såizithree, 3 sånone third (fraction of whole) sånfénzhíyíbriefs sånjiçokùtriangle sånjiçoxîngthirty sånshîmonth 3, March Sånyuìdisturbance såoluènto spray, sprinkle, spill sçshade, umbrella, sunshade sçnvoice, throat, larynx sçngzito clean, sweep, wipe sçohusband's elder brother's wife; sister-in-law sçozito race, compete, rival, surpass, overtake sèirace, match, competition sèihorse racing sèi mçto stroll sèn bùto stroll sènbùracetrack (for cars) sèihédèowidowed sèngfõwidower sèngqísandwich sènmîngzhðloose (not in a packet) sènzhuångdebroom sèozhouforest sénlîncolour, appearance, countenance, quality sìphysical attraction, sexual passion, sex sìto put to death, kill; to break down, weaken shåsofa, couch shåfåexecution shåhèidesert (arid wilderness) shåmômountain; Mount …, hill shån; …shånpeak, summit shåndïngmountain bike shåndðchêcave (in a mountain) shåndôngto hurt, injure; hurt, injury, wound shång



optician (seller of spectacles) yçnjðng shångmarket shångchçngto agree jointly on a decision shångdðngstore, shop shångdièninjury, damage, hurt; to hurt, injure shånghèiShanghai Shånghçicompany, firm shånghængcut, wound (injury) shångkóuto discuss, consult shångliangwares, goods, commodities, products shångpïnbusinessperson shångrênvalley shån'gøcommercial shångwùwounded at heart, sad, broken-hearted shångxínbusiness, trade, commerce; commercial shångyìcoral shånhömountain ridge shånjïfence shånlænmountain range shånmèislope, mountainside shånpñmountainous region shånqõ[mountain] goat shånyængmurderer shårênfènto kill shåsïtemperature, fever; to run a high temperature shåoto heat, cook, bake, roast, stew, burn shåorather, somewhat, a bit shåoburned down shåohuïto grill shåokçobarbecue shåokço yëcån (MW is [yî]cð )burn injury shåoshångburned down, burned out shåotårather, somewhat, a bit, slightly shåowéishark shåyöbrake; to brake shåzhùsand, sand grains, grit, pellets shåzispoon, scoop, ladle shæo[zi]spoon, scoop, ladle shæozistupid, foolish, silly shçto avoid, dodge, flash (like inspiration, light) shçnlightning flashes dç shçnlightning shçndièn



present, gift, reward shçngcðflash (for photography) shçn'guångdéng

less, a smaller amount shçofew, less, not as many shçorarely; to lack shçostop X! quit X! (X contains a verb) shço X[as a] small amount shçolièng[de]minority shçoshùnational minority; ethnic minority shçoshù mînzöto shine (sun), to sunbathe, dry in the sun shèito sunbathe shèi tèiyængto ascend, mount, board (a vehicle), come shèngto X up (X is a verb) Xshangto start to X, to continue to X (X is a verb) Xshangup, high, higher, first, previous, preceding shèngon shèngto attend […] regularly shèng […]last time shèng cðto go aboard a plane shèng féijíto use the internet shèng wçnglast week shèng xíngqíto go to work, start work, go to the office shèngbåntop, the top, surface of, upper section, above shèngbianhigher authorities shèngbianon, in regard to, on the aspect of … [zèi] … shèngbianafore-mentioned, above shèngbianlast time, last occasion shèngcðto get on board (bus, train) shèngchéto be tricked, swindled, fooled, trapped shèngdèngGod Shèngdð[located] above, over [zèi] shèngfånghigher authority, upper level, higher grade shèngjîto attend lectures, teach a class shèngkìto ascend, come up shènglaito X up, to X over here (X is a verb) Xshènglaito manage to X, to be able to X (X is a verb) Xshènglaionto shèngleelderly, well on in years shèngle niænji deabove shèngmièn[located] upon [zèi] … shèngmian (See: shèngbian)to go up, climb shèngqù



to ascend, go up shèngquto X off, to X up and go away (X is a verb) Xshèngquto ascend, rise shèngshéngabove; on high shèngtou (See: shèngbian)surfing on the internet shèngwçng qù chñnglèngnot yet shèngwìimorning, a.m. (after dawn) shèngwøto stage, put on produce (e.g. a drama) shèngyçnouter garment on the chest, jacket, overcoat shèngyíkind (caring) shènliængto excel at shènyöfan (for ventilation, cooling) shènzitime of youth; a youth, young person shèoniænto X up (X is a verb) Xshangto start to X, to continue to X (X is a verb) Xshang[located] on [zèi] … shang

luxury shéchïto stretch, extend shénoneself, itself, life, body, person shéndeep, penetrating, intimate, inaccessible shéndark, deep in colour; late in the night shéndeeply, intimately, profoundly, obscurely shénto cherish shén'ainear, nearby one's side [zèi] … shénbiånone's person, one's own side shénbiånto reach out, extend in order to touch shénchõstatus, position in society (who + position) shénfenidentity card shénfìnzhìngtone (in Chinese Mandarin) shéngfirst tone (in Chinese Mandarin) dð-yí shéngto be born shénglitre shéngto rise, ascend, promote shéngto give rise to; give birth to, be born shéngalive, love, raw, unripe, unrefined, strange shéngexistence, life, livelihood, lifetime shéngsound, voice, utterance, Chinese word tone shéng… (as vocal sounds, calls, cries, screams) …shéng (verbal MW)I called her three times wó hçnle tå sånshéng (shéng: verbal MW)the [4] tones used in Chines Mandarin [sð]shéngheight (how tall) shén'gåo



lettuce shéngcèito make, produce, manufacture, give birth shéngchçnproduction, output (things manufactured) shéngchçnnew vocabulary, new word shéngcîsurvival, continuation alive shéngcönuncooked, raw, rare shéngdecharacter tones (in Chinese Mandarin) shéngdièointonation, melody shéngdièolively, motivating, moving shéngdôngto live (our life), be live, alive shénghuòlife, livelihood shénghuòway of living shénghuò fångshðlife (our being existent) shéngmðngdough shéngmièntuænanger, ire; angry, irate, cross shéngqðbirthday shéngrð“happy birthday” shéngrð kuèilìrise to heaven, ascension shéngtiånliving organisms shéngwùbiology shéngwùxuêremainder, rest, what is left shéngxiè[de]voice, sound, noise shéngyínbusiness shéngyito develop, grow, be brought up shéngzhçngsolid, deep (foundations, relationship, etc.) shénhôusolid, deep, profound (impressions) shénkìapplication; to apply (for something) shénqïngapplication form shénqïngbiçoangry shénqðto make … angry; to annoy … shï … shénqðmad, furious, very angry féichæng shénqðframe of body shénqõto go deep, penetrate; thorough, penetrating shénrùtruly shénshéngentleman (by his manners) shénshðhealth, body, (the) flesh; living body shéntï (See also: ‘shítï’ - dead body)physical (of the body) shéntï dephysical examination shéntï jiçnchæbecause of being shénwêilate at night shényìambition (craving power) shéwèng; yëxínambitious (for power) yóu shéwèng de; yóu yëxín de



snake, serpent, asp shêwho …? shêi …? shuî …?who, anyone who shêiwhose? shêi de? shuî de?whose? shêide? shuîde?who all, everybody shêi dñunobody shêi dñu bùno-one (subject or object in a sentence) shêi yë bùspirit, a god, mind, basic disposition, look shênspiritual, supernatural shênpriest (Roman Catholic) shênfùrope, string shêngzimyth shênhuènerve (part of nerve system) shênjíngnervous illness; crazy shênbðngwhat, any shênmewhat you say nï shuñ shênmedo you have any questions? nï yóu [shênme] wìntî ma?what …? pardon me? shênme …?what something, the thing shênme… etc. shênme …what!, what? shênmewhatever …then … [whatever] that [is] … shênme jiù …shênmesomewhere shênme dðfangwhatever, everything, all the things shênme dñunothing whatever, none of the things shênme dñu bùnothing whatever, none of the things shênme yë bùwhen? what time? shênme shîhou?when, at which time? shênme shîhouwhen you eat nï shênme shîhou chíwhat kind? shênme yèng de?why? for what? wêishênme?etc., and so on shênmedewife of father's younger brother; aunt shênmøthe holy word; holy shênshìngsacred shênshìng[de]ostentation shênshìngconscious (having come round) shénzhð qíngxïngtongue shêtouprovince; to omit, leave out; to save, spare shëngto judge (court of justice) shënpènto question (a suspect) shënwìn



to emit, radiate, shoot out, shoot shìkit, equipment shìbìito manage to … shìfç …to manage to finish … (something) shìfç zuòwèn …social, community, society shìhuðto involve shìjîinvolved shìjîdèodesign, scheme, plan, project; to design, plan shìjðvideo recorder shìlùjíkidney shìnholy shìngsuccess, victory; to win, conquer, excel shìngholy city shìngchêngimpressive, great shìngdèdeChristmas [Day] Shìngdèn[jiê]Bible; scriptures Shìngjíngholiness shìngjiêholy spirit shìnglîngvictory; win, be victorious, be successful shìnglðvictoriously, successfully, excellently shìnglðholy ones shìngmîngood name shìngmîngcompetent shìngrìnto be left over, leave over, remain shìngxiato be a remnant, remain, be left over shìngxialaiwhat is left remaining, remainder shìngyö[de]so much so that, even, so much as to; mental shìnzhðthe world shìshangcentigrade shìshðto videotape shìxièngvideo cassette shìxièngdèicamcorder shìxièngjí (MW is [yî]jiè)photographer shìyïngshíproduction (of films) shìzhð; påishì

to make, construct; cause shípoem, poetry, verse shíwet, damp, humid shídefeat, failure; to be defeated, fail shíbèiwet shí[de]master craftsman, instructor (title of address) shífuto do construction, be getting constructed shígñng



Baptizer Shíjðnzhëblind (visually impaired) shímîngto blind someone shï moørên shímîngto lose, misplace (an article, potential) shíqùpoet shírênmoist, humid shírùnto lose confidence, despair, lose hope shíwèngdisappointed shíwènglost property shíwù zhåolïngchùunemployment; unemployed shíyìto lose a job, be unemployed shíyìlion shízimissing (not found) shízongmissing … (person) shízong de …missing (person lost) shízñngleten, 10, tens -teen shîpebble, stone, rock shîto gather, collect, pick up shîmade shîbillion shî yð (See also: shîyí )time, era, age, period shîdèitwelve shî'ìrmonth 12, December Shî'ìryuìtime, duration, length of time, time o'clock shîhoupoint in time, moment shîhouat the time when …, during…, while … … de shîhouwhile …, when … dång … shîhoueconomical shîhuðfact, actuality, reality; realistic, practical shîjðpractical (pertaining to the actual situation) shîjð dein fact, actually, really, practically shîjðshangtime (abstractly); time period, duration shîjiån[point in] time shîjiåntime zone shîjiåntimetable, schedule shîjiånbiçopractice; to practise, put into practice shîjiènpractical (putting into practice) shîjièn dehour, time, moment; all the time, constantly shîkìschedule, timetable shîkìbiçofood, provisions shîpïnrecipe shîpøtime period shîqí



to lift, pick up shîqïdeliberate, knowingly shîquæn-shîmëithirteen shîsånreally shî-shî zèi-zèiactuality, fact, facts, reality shîshðto be realistic, to search for truth shîshð qiöshðfourteen shîsðcafeteria, canteen, dining hall shîtængreality shîtïstone, rock, pebble shîtoupetroleum, oil (from underground deposit) shîyòupractical, of useful potential shîyông dehundred thousand shîwènfifteen shîwøfood shîwùto carry out, implement, practise shîxîngto come true, actualize (a plan, wish) shîxiènexperiment, test; to experiment, test shîyènlaboratory, test centre shîyènshðeleven shîyí (See also: shî yð )month 11, November Shîyíyuìfunctional, practional shîyôngappetite shîyùmonth 10, October Shîyuìtruly, really; honest, true, real shîzèinowadays shîzhð jínrðclock shîzhñngfashion (mode, vogue) shîzhuångpebble shîzïcrossroads, intersection shîzð lùkóunowadays shîzhðjínrðcrossroads shîzðlùkóuto use, apply, cause, make, enable shïto cause, make shïexcrement shïto blind someone shï moørên shímîngembarrassing shï rên nænkånto ache shï têngtôngto involve shï xiènrùto suffocate shï zhðxíapostle shïtözealous shïtömen



to make use of shïyông; yôngthroughout, all the while, from start to finish shïzhñngmarket, fair, city, municipality, centre shðmatter, event, affair, trouble, job shðto attempt to, try, try out; examination, test shðto be (am, is, are, be), exist shð (See also: jiùshð )certainly to X (X is a verb) shð Xcorrect, affirmative; Yes, it is, as you say! shðto be certainly in the situation where … shð … deIt is or it isn't? Is it or isn't it? shð bö shð?[is it] X or Y? [shð] X hæishð Y?it is indeed …, however … shð …, kêshð …room shðto request shðscale (size) shðsoldier shðbînginspection (official) shðchæmarket shðchçngto try on (clothes) shðchuånproper, suitable, appropriate, due shðdèng; shðdangproperly, suitably, appropriately shðdèngde; shðdang deYes, it is, as you say! Indeed! shð(de)[Note that normally “Yes” is achieved by repeating the verb that was in the question. For example, “Do you know?”gets the affirmative response, “(I) know!”]No, the matter is as you say: [Yes, that idea is correct, as you say!] (confirming negative words) shðde! duð!But yes it is! = No!, that's not the case! (faulting a negative suggestion) shðde!; (bù!)[Note that normally “No” is achieved by repeating the verb that was in the question. For example, “Do you know?”gets the negative response, “(I) do not know!”]to release (from detention) shðfèng (See also: fèngkåi)whether shðfóuaccident shðgù (MW is [yî]cð )hobby shðhèoto suit, be appropriate, match, fit shðhêfitting, suitable, appropriate shðhêde



century shðjðevent, incident, happening shðjiènsystem; world shðjiìin the world shðjiì shèngscript, answer book, exam sheet shðjuèneyesight shðlðinfluence, power shðlðcitizen shðmînindoor shðnìimatter, issue, thing, affair shðqing; shðqíngdowntown shðqõare you alright? (have you a health problem?) nï mêi shðr ba?existence shðshangfact, reality shðshîactually, in reality, as a matter of fact shðshîactually, as it goes, as a matter of fact shðshîshangpractically, in reality shðshîshangThe fact is: Shðshî shð:to try [out] shðshðto try [out] and see shðshð kènattitude to one another shðtèi-rênqîngoutdoor shðwèi[located] outdoors, outside the building zað shðwèi; wèi (See also: yëwèi)matters, affairs, thing; work, duties shðwùharm through food poisoning shðwù zhôngdöbeforehand, previously, in advance, earlier shðxiånindividual item, particular thing shðxièngtest, try, trial, experiment; to test, experiment shðyènmodel, type, style, pattern, design shðyèng (See also: shðyèng)career, profession, enterprise, projected role shðyìfitting room shðyíshðto fit, make fit, adapt, adjust (to new circs.) shðyðngto try out in use shðyôngmayor shðzhçngtown shðzhìntown centre shðzhñngxín

to receive, accept, get shñuharvest shñuchêngto receive shñudèofee shñufìiharvest shñuge



reward, fruitage, results, harvest shñuhuôto reap, harvest, gather shñuhuôto retrieve, recoup, recover shñuhuîlaito gather shñujîreceipt shñujùto collect payment shñukuçnto store away, put away shñuqïlaireceipts, income, revenue; to receive shñurùto put right, sort out, tidy, repair, fix shñushî; shñushito pack up … for moving shoõshi …radio shñuyínjícooked, ripe shòudefamiliar with shòuxíhand(s); by hand shóuhead (of body or organization) shóuinitial, first, primary, capital shóuX-ist (person who plays X, but not famed so) Xjiå (See also: …jiå)… (as items of music, poems, songs) …shóu (MW)three songs sånshóu gé (shóu here is a MW)wristwatch, watch shóubiçotemple captain shóudièntorch, flashlight shóudièntóngcapital (of a country) shóudõmeans, way, method shóuduènhandiwork, handicraft; handmade, manual shóugñngmanually, by hand shóugñnghandicraft shóugñngyðpïnmobile [phone] shóujíold-fashioned (people) shóujiùhandkerchief shóujuèn[r]goalkeeper shóumênyuænhandball (game) shóuqiöjewelry shóushðoperation (surgical) shóushùto operate on … gëi … zuô shóushùto have an operation zuô shóushù (See also: kåidåo)gloves shóutèobriefcase shóutîbåopushcart shóutuíchéwrist shóuwènto watch shóuwènginitially, first, primarily, above all shóuxiån



slight shóuxiçodedemons shóuxiè de xiêlîngprime minister shóuxièng (MW is [yî]wìi)process, procedures, formalities shóuxùfingerprint shóuyðncraftsperson shóuyðrênto fast shóuzhåifinger shóuzhïfingernail shóuzhïjiabracelet shóuzhuòto accept, receive, get, suffer, endure, bear shôuX gets Y; X is subjected to Y (passive form) X shôu Ythin, lean (flesh); tight (clothes) shôupopular, widely favoured by … shôu … huånyîngpuzzled shôu mîhuôto suffer shôu tôngkøpopular, widely favoured by … shôu … xïhuananointed [ones] shôugèo [fìn zi]to take the blame shôuguôshop assistant, sales assistant shôuhuôyuænsuffer shôukølife, lifetime (period between birth and death) shôumðngtransport conductor, ticket office clerk shôupièoyuænhurt (by an injury) shôushångget benefit shôuyð

[a] book, letter, document [yðbën] shõto lose, to be defeated shõbook bag, school bag, satchel shõbåovegetable(s) shõcèibookmark, marker shõqiånbookstore, bookshop shõdièncalligraphy shõfçfather's younger brother; uncle shõfùcomfortable, feeling fine shõfusecretary (political) shõjðbook rack, bookcase, bookshelf shõjièpublications shõkånfather's younger brother's wife; aunt shõmøto lose money shõqiæncomfortable shõshðuncle (on father's side or of his generation) shõshu



uncle (father's younger brother) shõshudesk shõzhuñcomb shõzimature, ripe, cooked, well-acquainted, skilled shö[de]soundly, deeply (asleep) shöripe shödeskillful shölièndeacquaintance, one known shörênransom shöjièskilled, proficient, adept, expert shölianacquaintance shörênto be familiar with, know well shöxícrime shözuðto count, list, enumerate shøto count as, to be counted as, known for shøto come to more than can be counted shø bù guôlaito be not exactly countable shø bù qíngto qualify, fit, count, be counted shø de shèngrat, mouse shøcomputer mouse shøbiåosummer break, summer holidays shøjièspecial shølîngchips, french fries (USA:“crisps”) shøtiæoto be part of, belong to, relate to shøyöof, from [shøyö] … de… (as bunches of) … …shù … (MW)ten bunches of flowers shîshù huå (shù here is a MW)[a] tree [yðke] shùto set up, establish shùnumber, figure, digit; a few, some, several shùto tie shùjïnDVD shùjù lùxièngjíhedge shùlîwoods shùlînamount, quantity, number shùlièngnumber, quantity shùmùtowards, along; to obey, follow, submit to shùnfluent, smooth, successful, favourable shùnwhile on the way, in passing, en route shùnbiènby the way shùnbièn wìn yíxièobedient shùncòngsuccessful, smooth, trouble-free, unhindered shùnlð



successfully, smoothly, without hindrance shùnlðto go smoothly, to go successfully shùnlðto pay a little visit, to stop by shùnlù bèifçngsequence, order shùnxùfollowing, along, going with shùnzhebark (of a tree) shùpîharp shùqînmessenger shùxðnmathematics, maths shùxuênumber, figure, digit shùzð; shùzito brush one's teeth shuå yæbrush; to brush, scrub, paint, paste up shuå[zi]to trip, stumble, fall, throw down, smash shuåipaintbrush (for painting decoration) shuåzi (MW is [yð]bç ) (See also: huèbï )brush; to brush, scrub, paint, paste up shuåzito fall over shuèidçoto smash, break shuåiduèn… (pairs of [paired things]) …shuång (MW)four pairs of shoes sðshuång xiê (shuång here is a MW)frost shuång[dông]both, double, twin-, dual … shuång …both eyes shuång yçndouble shuångbìidouble decker bus shuångcêng qðché (MW is [yî]lièng)frost shuångdôngboth sides shuångfångdouble room shuångrên fængjiånbrush shuåzito swing, sway, fling, throw away shuçidelicious shuçngkóuto lead, command, head shuèiwho? shuî? (See: shêi?)whose? shuî de? (See: shêi de?)whose? shuîde? (See: shêide?)water[s], liquid, juice shuïpaddy rice shuïdèofruit shuïguókettle shuïhöpool of water shuïkéngpuddle xiço shuïkéngtap, faucet shuïlòngtòucement shuïnî



water buffalo shuïniölevel, standard, height above datum level shuïpînglevel, flat plane, plateau shuïpîng miènlevel, horizontal line shuïpîng xiènotter shuïtç; tçbucket shuïtóngdaffodil shuïxiånhuåto sleep; asleep shuðtax shuðcustoms duty, tax guånshuðto not get to sleep shuð bù zhço (See also: xîngle)to sleep, be asleep shuðjièopyjama trousers shuðkùto sleep shuðmianpyjamas, nightclothes shuðyíto fall asleep, go to sleep, be asleep shuðzhæoasleep shuðzheto say …, speak, talk, explain, rebuke shuñto persuade shuñföto lie, to tell an untruth shuñhuçngto converse shuñhuèinstructions, directions, explanation shuñmîngto clarify, explain, instruct shuñmînginstruction manual, book of directions shuñmîngshõ

minute amount, trace, silk, fine thread sísecret, confidential, private, selfish, illegal sísecretly, confidentially, privately, illegally síprivate[ly] sí xièsilk síchòuribbon sídèidriver, chauffeur síjíprivate detective síjiå zhéntènto rip open síkåiprivate (not public) sílðprivate school síli xuêxièo (MW is [yð]suó)personal, private sírên[de]privately, in private, secretly síxièidea, thoughts, philosophy síxiçnghoarse síyçprivate, not state-run síyîngprivate, not state-owned síyóu



death sïto die; dead, inflexible, stagnant sïto kill by … …sïto X to the death (X is a verb) sï shóu Xto die as a result of X (X is a verb) X sïextremely X (X is an adjective) X sï lecrashed, gone down (computer failure) sïjídead sïle [de]to die, (=go to death) sïqùthe dead sïrêndeath sïwængdeath penalty sïxîngfour, 4 sðthe four seasons sð jða fourth part of a whole; a quarter sðfénzhíyíapparently, as it seems; to seem, appear to be sðhõforty sðshîfarm sðyçngfarm animals sðyçng de dôngwùtemple (Chinese) sðyuènmonth 4, April Sðyuìfir tree, pine tree sñngloose, relaxed, slack; to loosen, relax, slacken sñngloose, not firmly fixed sñngloose (not fastened tightly) sñngdôngde… (as ships) …sñu (MW)that ship nèsñu chuæn (sñu here is a MW)to present (a present), to deliver, accompany sôngto send over (to the speaker) sông læito send over (away from the speaker) sông qùfir tree, pine tree sñngshõto bid farewell, see off, send off sôngxîngScotland SõgêlænScottish (in general) SõgêlændeScot, Scotsman Sõgêlænrêndamage, harm sõnhèito harm the environment sõnhèi huænjðnggranddaughter; son's daughter sõnnýgrandson; son's son sõnzito damage sønhuèidamage, loss; to damage, lose, harm sønshívelocity, speed sùdù



remaining solemnly quite sùjðngplastics, plastic sùlièoplastic bag sùlièodèisleeping quarters, dormitory sùshìacid; sour in taste, sore, aching, sad suåncitrus, lime suånjösweet and sour suåntiænpainful, sore suåntôngto calculate, count, count in, be counted as suènto figure, be important, count as important suènfor; in payment for suèncalculated wrongly suèn-cuô lecount … out, exclude, knowingly neglect! suènle!abacus suènpænto include suènshangalthough, though suírænalthough … even so … suíræn … këshð (or: dènshð) …along with, in relation to, varying with suîto follow, accord with, go along with suîcasual, random, convenient, careless suîcasually, randomly, as convenient, freely suîbiènwhatever, no matter what suîbiènwhenever, at any time suîshî… years old, years of age, aged … suðof the age of … … suðhow old are you? (not older person or child) nï duñshço suð le?how old is she? (generally) tå duñshço suð [le]? (See also: dè, xiço )fragmented, broken; to break, shatter, smash suðpiece, section, portion (thin fragment) suðpiènto get smaller, shrink, withdraw, shrink back suñ… (as buildings) …suó (MW)three schools sånsuó xuêxièo (suó here is a MW)place, station, site, office suówhat, whatever X (X is a verb) suó Xto be [what is] X by Y (passive voice) bëi Y suó X (See also: wêi)income tax suódêshuðto lock suóshèngwhat is called, what you call, so-called suówìiso, therefore, and for that reason … suóyï …; yíncï …the reason why X did Y is Z X suóyï Y shð Zall; all there is, whatever one possesses suóyóuall …, every … suóyóude …



belongings, whatever one has suóyóuwùlocked suózhù



< the, him, his tåhis, tå[de] … (de is omitted for closeness)it; to it tåits tådeshe; her; [of] her tå[de] … (de is omitted for closeness)[of] her tåoffspring tåioffspring tåi'êr; tåithey; them; their (male) tåmentheir (male) tåmen[de] … (de is omitted for closeness)they; them (neuter, animals, things) tåmentheir (neuter, animals, things) tåmendethey; them (females) tåmentheir (females) tåmen[de] … (de is omitted for closeness)stall, stand, booth, trolley (for sales) tån-beach -tånsea beach hçitånriverside beach hêtånlakeside beach hötånvoracious, greedy tånchísoup, spicy stew, broth tångto flow, pour (stream, rush) tångparalysed tånhuènparalyzed tånhuènstall, stand, booth, trolley (for sales) tånzivoracious, greedy tånzuïto extract by hand tåo… (of machines, tools, performances) …tæi (MW)seven computers qítæi jðsuènjí (tæi here is a MW)platform (raised), stage, terrace, support tæibroadcasting tower tæito raise, lift, carry tæityphoon tæiféngstairs, steps tæijiéto lift; avail of tæiqïTaiwan Tæiwånto chat, discuss, talk tænto shoot forth; flick (with fingers) tænto play (strings, piano), pluck, strum, tap tæn (See also: lå, chuí )to be in love, go steady (lit. talk love) tæn lièn'èi



… (as periods or terms in education) tæng… (MW)three periods såntæng kì (tæng here is a MW)hall tængsugar, sweeties, candy, sweets tængsweet and sour tængcùsweets, candies tængguóto discuss tængguoicing (sugary coating) tængshuångspring (bouncy metal device) tænhuængdiscussion, conversation, chat; to talk, chat tænhuèto discuss, talk about tænlùntalks, negotiation; to talk, negotiate tænpènto talk about tæntænto talk a bit about tænyitænto flee, escape, avoid, evade tæopeach tæo[zi]potter tæojiangto run away tæopçonaughty tæoqðto escape tæoshéngpeach tæozitower, pagoda tçotter tç; shuïtçto lie, lie back, be lying tçngto lie down tçngxièopen, frank tçnshuèiblanket, carpet, rug tçnzidiscussion, debate; to consider, discuss tçolùnnuisance tçoyènannoying, disgusting; to dislike, detest tçoyènto tread, put one's foot on, step on tèextremely tèitoo …! excessively …! tèi … le!not very … bö tèi …too much tèi duñattitude, manner, posture tèiduThailand TèiguòThai (in general) TèiguòdeTaijiquan, shadow boxing tèijîquænouter space tèikñngthe Pacific Ocean Tèipîngyængwife, Mrs.; madam, married woman tèitai



sun, sunlight, sunshine tèiyængto seek, explore, pay a visit on tènsearching out, examining, inspecting tènchævisit tènfçngto burn, scald, perm (hair), iron (clothes) tèngto heat, warm up; scalding, hot tèng… (as scheduled transport services; journeys) …tèng (MW)the next coach service to Beijing qù Bëijíng de xiè yîtèng qðché (tèng: MW)to sigh tènqðto consider tèntço… (as sets, outfits, suites) …tèo (MW)four sets of textbooks sðtèo kìbën (tèo here is a MW)case, cover, wrap, sheath tèopullover tèoshånjumper (wooly) tèotòushånpain, ache; to be painful, ache têngto love a lot, have affection for têngpainful, sore, aching têngtôngextremely, specially (used colloquially) tìspecial, unique, particular tìbiêin particular tìbiêintensive care tìbiê jiånhùfavourite; favorite tìbiê xïhuan deespecially, distinctively tìbiêdehereby tìcïspecial quality, characteristic, feature tìdiçnspecial express train tìkuèispecial, feature, characteristic tìsìspecial, exceptional tìshõspecial occasion tìshõ chçnghequality, special characteristic tìxðngquality tìzhðto kick, play (by kicking) tí… (as cans, e.g. of drink) … tíng … (MW)four cans of beer sðtíng pîjiø (tíng here is a MW)to heed; obey; listen to tínghall, office chambers, department tíngto listen to, obey, heed; to attend (a concert) tíngto let, permit, allow tíngto be unable to understand by hearing tíngbudóngto fail to manage to hear tíngbujiènto fail to hear clearly tíngbuqíngchu



to listen, obey tíngcòngto be able to understand by hearing tíngdedóngmanaged to understand by hearing tíngdóngleobedient, following instructions tínghuèto listen to a discourse; to attend a lecture tíngjiçngto hear, get to hear, perceive tíngjièn; tíngjianI heard, I am told, it is said, one does say tíngshuñdictation; to dictate, record for audiotyping tíngxiëaudience (hearers) tíngzhôngladder tízito raise, lift, carry tîto mention, raise, suggest, propose tîto take out, withdraw (banked money) tîtitle, subject, topic tîto write a caption, etch a label tîto promote, advocate tîchèngto raise (=up+come); bring out, show tîchõto offer (suggestion; tender resignation) tîchõ (See also: chõjiè, tîgông)to present a report tîchõto mention tîdèoto raise, elevate, lift, improve, increase pitch tîgåooffering; to provide, offer tîgñngto make an offer of a job, a treat, a drink tígông; gëititle, subject, topic, theme, heading tîmùto halt, stop, cease, stay over, park, berth tîngto park (a vehicle) tîngchéparking meter tîngché jðshîqðparking lot tîngchéchçngcar park tîngchéchùto stop, pull up (vehicle) tîngxiato cease, stop, quit, halt tîngzhïto raise, lift tîqïto bring forward (an appointed time) tîqiænbeforehand, in advance, early tîqiænwarning; to remind, warn tîxïngto suggest, propose; suggestion, proposal tîyðhoof tîzi (MW is [yð]zhí)sense, feeling; to sense, realize tïhuðvolume, (physical) tïjíquite, fairly, rather tïngkindness tïtiébody temperature tïwén



system, pattern tïxðto learn (by experience, practice, observing) tïyènphysical training, physical education, sports tïyùphysical education tïyù kìsports arena, stadium tïyùchçnggym, gymnasium tïyùguçnbody weight tïzhôngon behalf of, for; in place of, substituting for tð …; dèi …heaven, sky, day, weather, season, nature tiånGod, Heaven tiånto top up with, add, put extra on tiånTian An Men, the Gate of Heavenly Peace Tiån'ånmêngenius, gift, ability, talent tiåncæiuniverse tiåndðheavenly father tiånfùability, gift, talent tiånfùceiling tiånhuåbçnthe heavens, sky tiånkñngscales tiånpîngweather tiånqðweather forecast tiånqð yùbèonatural tiånrænnatural gas tiånrænqðheavenly zèi tiånshang dedessert tiånshîangel tiånshïheaven tiåntængdaily, every day tiåntiånunder heaven; the whole world, all of China tiånxièin every place under heaven tiånxièthroughout the whole world, all of China tiånxièaerial (device) tiånxiènpure, innocent, naive tiånzhénCatholic (religion) TiånzhøjièoCatholic (in general about Catholic religion) TiånzhøjièodeCatholic (people) Tiånzhøjièotöto select, pick out, pick up, carry, shoulder tiåoto pick on and criticise tiåochõlai pípîngto pick on, have a go at, by picky at tiåotðto select, pick out, choose tiåoxuçnto select, pick out, choose tiåoxuçnchufield, farm tiæn



sweet (flavour, sensation, sound sleep) tiæn [de]to fill (a void); fill in a form tiænsweet soy sauce tiæn jièngyòuto fill out (a form) tiænbiçobeet[root] tiæncèisweet, dessert tiænshîfield, open countryside tiænyë… (as long things, limbs, lives, reports, laws) …tiæo (MW)this human life zhìtiæo rênmðng (tiæo here is a MW)… (as news); … (as items of) …tiæo (MW)ten laws shîtiæo fçlþ (tiæo here is a MW)note, slip, legal clause, article tiæomessage (passed on a slip of paper) tiæo (MW is [yð]zhång)to mix, alter, adjust, mediate tiæocondition, proviso, qualification, term tiæojiènadvantage[ous condition] yñushð tiæojiènindividual item, particular thing tiæokuçnnaughty tiæopîsauce tiæowìizhíto lick tiçnchallenge; to challenge, challenge to a contest tiçozhènto prance, jump, leap, skip, hop tièoto miss (a beat) tièoto go to a disco tièo dîsíkédancing; to dance tièo wømischievous, naughty tièopîparachuting tièosçndancing; to dance tièowøagreement, pact, treaty tièoyuérevision, amendment, adjustment, revamp tièozhëngto revise, amend, adjust, revamp tièozhëngto stick on, paste tiéto remain close to, be attached to tiéiron (metal) tiëiron rod, iron bar tiëbèngrailway, railroad tiëdèo (MW is [yð]tiæo)railway, railroad tiëlù (MW is [yð]tiæo)the railway (system, network) tiëlù xðtóngrailway line tiëlùxièn (MW is [yð]tiæo)authority, expert, old hand tñngto go through, pass via, convey meaning to tñngto go to, lead to; passable for travel tñng



coherent in argumentation; logical tñngnormal, usual, general; normally, generally tñngchængpassage, access, way through tñngdèo (MW is [yð]tiæo)announcement to the public tñnggèo (MW is [yð]zhång)through (by way of; via); to pass through … tñngguô …to carry, pass, approve, adopt (by a vote) tñngguôto pass an examination tñngguô yîcð kæoshðto correspond, write letters to each other tñngxðnnotification, notice, warning tñngzhí (MW is [yî]fìn)to inform, notify, publish a notice tñngzhídivorce tñnghuô pêngzhèngto attack, go stealthily, steal tñusecretly, stealthily tñuto pickpocket tñu qiænbåosecretly, slyly, stealthily, illegally tñutñu[along] with (company) tòng …; hê … [yðqï]to (speaking with) tòng …; gén …to bet with money, gamble tòng … dçdusimilar, like, same; in the same manner tòngcopper, brass, bronze tòngcompanion tòngbèncot tòngchuængequality tòngdëngchildhood tòngniæncompassion, fellow feeling, sympathy, pity tòngqîngto feel sympathetic towards, sympathize, pity tòngqîngbesides, with this tòngshîat the same time, meanwhile tòngshîcolleague(s) tòngshð(men)room mate tòngwõhomosexual tòngxðngliènhomosexual (person) tòngxðngliènzhëfellow student(s) tòngxuê(men)same, alike, similar, identical tòngyèngin like manner, equally tòngyènglikewise tòngyèngdeidentical; one, the same tòngyí[de]to agree tòngyðcomrade tòngzhð… (as garlic bulbs) …tòu (MW)ten bulbs of garlic shîtòu suèn (tòu here is a MW)… (as some particular animals) …tòu (MW)



three elephants såntòu xièng (tòu here is a MW)head, chief, main, top, start, end, terminus tòuhead, leading, first, the first tòuto cast, throw at, put in; to plunge oneself tòuheadache tòu têngfront page (of newspaper) tòubçnfirst-class tòudëngfirst-class ticket tòudëng pièohair (on head) tòufa (See also: mèo)hairbrush tòufashuåheaddress tòujínhelmet tòukuíbrain, brains, mind tòunçostarter (course) tòupænto vote tòupièoto insert, immerse, plunge, throw into tòurùcomplaint; to complain tòusùheadache; to have a headache tòutêngto have a heaadache tòutôngtitle (person's) tòuxiænto surrender, give in, capitulate tòuxiængdizzy tòuyõnto pitch, throw (a ball as in baseball) tòuzhð qiöinvestment; to invest tòuzíbarrel, bucket, keg, firkin tóngstatistics, numerical analysis; to summate tóngjðto unite together, unify; unified tóngyíto rule, govern, control tóngzhðpain, sadness, sorrow; to pain, ache, hurt tôngdeeply, thoroughly, severely, bitterly tôngpain, agony, suffering; to be in pain, suffer tôngkøpainful, bitter, miserable, very unhappy tôngkøpainful, distressing tôngkødelighted, refreshed, happy; frank, direct tôngkuaito heart's delight, till heart's content; frankly tôngkuaito permeate through, penetrate, pass through tôucomplete, thorough; completely, thoroughly tôuto stress, emphasize, highlight; to stick out tõchõprominent, outstanding, salient, projecting tõchõprominently, conspicuously tõchõbald tõdïngattack, sudden assault tõjí



to make a surprise attack; to blitz a job tõjíto swallow tõnunexpected, sudden; abruptly, suddenly tõrænsudden tõröqîlæibald tõtòu[de]picture, diagram, plan, map, scheme töto pursue, seek töto smear, apply, deface, delete, efface tögroup tuæntïpattern (system evident in form) tö'èndiagram töbiço (MW is [yð]zhång)hiking töbù lýxîngways töjðnghip (joint) tönbùlibrary töshõguçnimage, picture (like on a T.V. screen) töxièngearth, dust, soil, ground, land, territory tøoff the land, locally grown, unenlightened tømade of earth, earthen, clay tøto spit, spit out, struggle to express feelings tøland, terrain, territory tødðpotato tødôumashed potato tødôu nîpotato crisps tødôupiènindigenous (things generally) tøzhùdeindigenous (person) tøzhùrênto vomit, regurgitate tùto fade (colour) tuðsìrabbit, hare tùziteam, group, organization, lump, ball tuænto round up, lump together, unite tuæn… (as some particular round things) …tuæn (MW)these balls of wool zhìtuæn mæoxièn (tuæn here is a MW)unity; to rally, unite tuænjiêteam, group, organization tuæntïreunion (family) tuænyuænto shove, push forward, recommend tuípushchair yínghæi tuíchéto put off, postpone, shrug, shirk tuíto postpone, put off, defer, delay tuíchîto motivate, prod, promote tuídôngto extend, popularise, spread tuíguçng



recommendation; to recommend tuíjiènleg, thigh tuïto withdraw, step back, recede, subside tuðto retire, resign, quit, cancel tuðto give back, return tuðfalling back again; retrogression; to slip back tuðbùto retire (from work); retired tuðxiõpensioner tuðxiõ de rênsupport, stand, tray; to support, hold on hand tuñto dither, procrastinate, drag, haul tuñto remove (clothing); to evade, escape from tuñchild-care nursery tuñ'êrsuóto entrust tuñfùto break away from, separate from, divorce tuñlîtray tuñpænto take off one's clothes, undress tuñxia yífuslippers tuòxiêappropriate, proper; appropriately, properly tuódèngoval (the shape) tuóyuænxîngde



< u

< v

< wto dig, excavate wåcurve, bend, corner; to bend; bent, crooked wån[r]peas wåndôuto bend one's body down, stoop wånxièball (used in Chinese medicine) wæn[r]to finish, be finished, bring to a finish wænto finish … (… is a verb) …wænto finish, complete, accomplish, perform wænchêngcrown (of a king) wængguån (MW is [yð]dïng)kingdom wængguòroyalty wængquændetermined, stubborn wæn'gùdefinished, complete wænjiêletoy (thing) wænjùfinished, over wænleperfect, flawless wænmëi [de]; wöxiæ [de]naughty wænpîdewhole, complete, entire, perfect wænquænto make complete wænquænperfectly, fully, completely wænquænto play, have fun with, participate in (games) wænrball (as used in Chinese medicine) wænrcynical wæn shð bù gñngjoke, rib, jest wænxièoto play a joke with someone gén móurên kåi wænxièointegrity, completeness; whole, complete wænzhëngprince wængzïdoll wæwadoll yængwæwa



evening, night, late period, late at night wçnlate, delayed; late wçnbowl wçngood night wçn'åncupboard wçnchödelayed, running late (transport service) wçndiçnlater (than planned or suggested) wçndiçn[r]clothese (formal style) wçnlïfödinner, supper, late meal wçnfènweb, net, network wçngnet (for sports) wçngto go; previous, gone by wçngin the direction of, to, toward (somewhere) wçngto set back (clock, timer) wçng huî bñto set forward (clock, timer) wçng qiæn bñusual wçngchængnetwork wçngluôtennis, tennis ball wçngqiöin vain wçngrænwebsite wçngzhènlate gathering, evening party wçnhuðevening, late time, night time wçnshang; (wçnshèng)again and again, often, frequently wçngwçngoutside, exterior, foreign country wèiforeign (with foreign countries) duð wèioutside, external, other, foreign wèirelated, kin (of mother, sister, or daughter) wèiout(side) … [zèi] … wèi[bian]out(side) … [zèi] … wèi[mian] (See: wèi[bian])the outside; outside, exterior wèibianoutside of … … de wèibianoutside … [zèi] … wèibianouter space wèicêng kñngjiånother areas away from home, external regions wèidðforeign country wèiguòforeign (things in general) wèiguòdeforeigner wèiguòrênnickname (not favorable) wèihèoforeign currency wèihuðforeign affairs, diplomacy wèijiåoForeign Affairs Ministry Wèijiåobùsurgical department wèiké



looks, appearance wèimèothe outside; outside wèimiènoutside of … … de wèimiènoutside … [zèi] … wèimian (See: wèibian)nephew, son of father's sisters wèishéngnephew, son of mother's siblings wèishéngniece, daughter of father's sisters wèishéngnýniece, daughter of mother's siblings wèishéngnýdaughter's daughter; granddaughter wèisõnnýdaughter's son; grandson wèisõnzijacket wèitèoforeign language (especially in written form) wèiwênjacket, coat wèiyíforeign language (especially in spoken form) wèiyøforeign enterprise wèizí qïyìmaternal grandfather wèizøfùmaternal grandparents wèizøfùmømaternal grandmother wèizømø10, 000; a very large number wènpea wèndôu (MW is [yî]lð )towards, to, in the direction of wèngto gaze up, to hope for, await wèngto forget wèngjðforgotten wèngle"Ancient of Days" wèn'gø chængzèi zhëindefinitely lasting wènshð-chængcönlong live …! viva …! vivat …! wènsuð …!hundred million; 100,000,000 wènwènheaven wènwùlong live …! viva …! vivat …! wènyí …!socks wèziWales Wéi'ërshð; Wéi'ërsíWelsh (things in general) Wéi'ërsídeWelsh (person) Wéi'ërsírênbreeze wéiféngdangers, harm; to endanger, risk, harm wéihèicrisis wéijícrucial, critical (at a turning point of events) wéijîmini wéixîngdedangers; dangerous, critical wéixiçndangerous, critical wéixiçn de(little) smile; to smile slightly wéixièo



warm wéntemperature (warmth) wéndùhumility, meekness; humble, meek wénhêwarmth; warm wénnuçnmild (not too cold) wénnuçndehot spring wénquænmild (not harsh) wénròudeto be, match, act, serve as, act as wêito be [what is] X-ed by Y (passive voice) wêi Y suó X (See also: bëi)to envelop, enclose, surround wêihello! (when answering the telephone) wêi; wìito go against, offend, violate wêifçnto defend, guard, protect wêihùscarf, shawl, wrap wêijínto disobey wêikèngbesiege wêikùnawkward, embarrassed; to cause difficulty for wêinænto surround, move around, revolve wêirèowhy? for what? wêishênme?only, single, sole wêiyíthe only one who, the only one that wêiyías the limit, at the maximum wêizhïlanguage, writing wên…language (a certain one, especially written) …wênto smell, hear, sense wênculture, civilisation, upbringing, education wênhuècultural wênhuèquiet, not talkative wênjðngpaper, document, letter wênjiènstationery wênjùthe arts, liberal arts wênkéculture, enlightenment, civilisation wênmîngcultured, enlightened, civilised wênmîngfamous, well-know wênmîngantique, relic, memento wênwùliterature wênxuêauthor, literary writer wênxuêjiågentle wênyçdethe arts and literature wênyð(an) article written; editorial, essay (yðpiån) wênzhångwriting, script, characters, written language wênzðmosquito wênzi



tail, end wëitail wëiba“great”, prominent, remarkable, notable wëidèimpressive wëidèworks wëijøappointed member, designated official wëiyuænsteady, stable wënkiss wënsteady, stable, firm; to steady, stabilize wëndðngfor [one who benefits] (formal) wìi …for [one who benefits] wìi …; gëi …for [the purpose of] wìi[le]not, not yet wìi… (as persons - polite use: “good-, gentle-”) …wìi (MW)two ladies liçngwìi nýshð (wìi here is a MW)to feed wìi[bço]taste, flavour wìi[dao]stomach wìihello! (when answering the telephone) wìi; wêito serve wìi …föwùto … (“Bottoms up for …!”) wìi … gån béiintended for … wìi … nïdðng deto feed wìibçoguard (military) wìibíngunripe wìichêngshödenot spicy; mild wìidèndetaste, flavour wìidèo; wìidaofiancê wìihõnfõfiancêe wìihõnqíMSG wìijíngappetite wìikóuthe future wìilæifuture wìilèi deforegleam; vision of the future wìilæi de yðxièngfor, in order that (the purpose of) wìile (starting a sentence) (See too: yïbièn)odour, odor wìir (MW is [yô]zhóng)hygiene, health; hygienic, healthful wìishéngwhy? for what? what for? wìishênme?satellite wìixíngso as to wìiyèoto be located in, lie in, be situated in wìiyöplace, position, post wìizhi



seat, place wìizito ask, ask about, question, enquire wìnquiz wìndæ bïsèito send wishes, give regards to, enquire after wìnhçogreetings; to send regards to, greet wìnhôuquestion, issue, problem, trouble wìntîexamination question wìntîinformation desk wìnxùnchù; xönwìnchùnest (rodents, insects) wñI, me wómy wódemy! goodness! wóde tiånwe, us wómenour wómendeto grip, seize, grasp, cling on to wôberth, sleeping bay, compartment wôpùbedroom wôshðto shake hands; to grip hands wôshóuroom (part of a house), house wõroof wõdïngstain wõdiçnfilth, dirt wõgôuturtle (terrestrial) wõguípollution, contamination; to pollute wõrçnto insult wõrøcrow wõyå (MW is [yð]zhí )room wõzihave not,; there isn't; nothing; no; not wöhomeless wö jiå kë guíthere be/ have wöbïlack of appreciation wödông-yözhñngface wöjùharmless wöhèiimpolite wölïstupid, senseless, boring, bored wöliæono matter … wölùn …whenever wölùn hêshîin any case wölùn röhêno matter what wölùn shênmeunnumbered, countless, innumerable wöshùindifferent; to be no matter, not definable as wösuówêiperfect, flawless wöxiæ [de]; wænmëi [de]



unlimited, infinite; infinitely wöxiènfree of restraints wöxiènzhðuseless wöyôngdeignorant wözhíinnocent, not guilty wözuðfive, 5 wødance wøpartner (dance) wøbèndance wødçomidday meal, lunch wøfèndance wøhuðarmament, arms, weapon wøqðto insult wørøfifty wøshîmartial arts wøshùarena, stage, platform for performers wøtæimidnight wøyìat midnight zèi wøyìmonth 5, May Wøyuìarmed wøzhuång denot, not to (no permission - c.f. “Don't …!”) wù …matter, thing wùmist, fog wùmisunderstanding; to misunderstand wùhuðprice wùjièmistaken wùjiëphysics wùlïphysical (scientific study of nature) wùlï dephysical change of state wùlï biènhuèphysics (study of physics) wùlïxuêindividual item, particular thing wùpïnmist wùqðsubstance, matter; material, physical wùzhð



< xwest; western, west xíto breathe in, breathe, inhale, absorb, suck xíthin (of low viscosity) xísacrifice xí shéngSpain XíbånyæSpaniard XíbånyærênSpanish language (especially written) XíbånyæwênSpanish language (especially spoken) Xíbånyæyønorthwest; northwestern, northwest xíbëiwest xíbiånwestern side xíbianHebrew (person) XíbòlæiHebrew language (especially written) XíbòlæiwênHebrew language (especially spoken) XíbòlæiyøWestern food xícånwest, the West; western XífångWestern (things generally) XífångdeWesterner XífångrênWestern- style clothes xíföknee xígèiwatermelon xíguåtomato xíhòngshðto stall (vehicle) xíhuóbroccoli xílænhuåcèiGreece XílèGreek (of things generally) Xílè deGreek (person) Xílè rênGreek (language, especially written) Xílè wênGreek (language, especially spoken) Xílè yøwestern side xímian (See also: xíbian)to go out (fire, candle) xímiìextinct (volcano); extinguished, gone out xímiì deheart, core, middle, centre, mind, feeling xínnew, recent, fresh, modern, up-to-date xínnew system; new world xín-shðjiìsouthwest; southwestern, southwest xí'nænperspicacity, insight, understanding xíndêstar xíngexcited xíngfìnweek xíngqí



Tuesday XíngqíìrSaturday XíngqíliùSunday XíngqírðWednesday XíngqísånThursday XíngqísðSunday XíngqítiånFriday XíngqíwøMonday Xíngqíyístar (celestial body) xíngxínghoroscope xíngzhènSingapore XínjiåpñSingaporean (general things) XínjiåpñdeSingaporean (person) Xínjiåpñrêntoil, hard labour, hardship; laborious, hard xínkølaboriously; to work hard, endure trouble xínkøbridegroom xínlæng(one's) spirit xínlîngpsychologist xínlï yíshéngstudy of psychology xílïxuêstudent of psychology xílïxuêjiåGehenna Xínnìn'gøNew Year xínniæn“happy new year!” xínniæn hçobride xínniængmental state, mood, feelings xínqîngto appreciate, enjoy xínshçngnewborn xínshéngnew system; new world xínshðjiìpay, wages, salary xínshuïheart xíntiænnews xínwênnews media, the press, journalism xínwênjiìNew Zealand Xínxílènof New Zealand (things generally) XínxílèndeNew Zealander Xínxílènrênfresh, new xínxiåneyes xínyçnrnew, original, fresh xínyïngNew Testament Xínyuéheart (organ) xínzèngheart disease xínzèng bðngheart attack xínzèngbðng fåzuô



to inhale xírùsacrifice; to sacrifice xíshéngto assimilate, absorb, admit, enrol xíshñuhope, prospect, expectation xíwèngto desire; hope; would like to … xíwèng …to affect xíxí-xiångguånto smoke (tobacco, cigarettes, cigars) xíyånto attract, draw in xíyïnrare (seldom met) xíyóuscarce, rare xíyóudeWestern-style clothing xízhuång (See also: xífö)Western medicine XíyèoWestern medical doctor XíyíTibet Xízèng

daughter-in-law xîfùhabit, customs; to get accustomed to; used to xîguènproblem xîguènraid xîjíto carry out, practise, go, walk, journey xîngOK, satisfactory, capable, competent xîngagreed; ‘Sure!’; ‘Well, …’ xîngtravels, journey, trip, behaviour, conduct xîngto form a shape xîngchêngaction xîngdôngform [the condition or shape] xîng tèilikeness, image, form, appearance xîng xièngto develop, evolve, form, form into xîngchêngaction, movement xîngdôngto take action, do something xîngdôngto march xîngjðnluggage, bags, baggage, belongings carried xînglicar boot xînglixiångpedestrian, walker xîngrênto describe xîngròngto run, go, travel (transport services) xîngshïform, shape xîngshðcircumstances, situation, terrain xîngshðform [the condition or shape] xîngtèiconduct, actions, behaviour xîngwêiplanet xîngxínglikeness, image, form, appearance xîng xièng



likeness, image, form, appearance, shape xîngzhuèngtradition, custom xîsö

to wash, clean xïto take a shower xï ge lînyùhappiness, event causing joy; happy, pleased xïto print (develop from a negative) xïto take a shower xï ge lînyùto do washing, laundry xï yífuto print photographs (develop from negatives) xï zhèopiènto have an interest in …; like to, prefer xï'èi …good news report xïbèoshampoo xïfèjðto have an interest in … xïhuan …to like to, prefer, be fond of … xïhuan …to prefer X to Y xïhuan X, bù xïhuan Yjoy xïlìto become awake; to cause to be awake xïngto blow one's nose xïng bîzito become awake; to cause to be awake xïnglæito be awake (after sleeping) xïngle (See: shuð bù zhåo: not sleeping)rest-room, bathroom xïshóujiånto wash up (the dishes, etc.) xïwçnlaundry (place) xïyífængwashing machine xïyíjíto print (develop from a negative) xïyðnto take a bath, take a shower, bathe xïzçobathroom xïzçojiån

play, drama, opera xðacademic faculty, college department xðdelicate, meticulous; carefully, in detail xðslim xðchængdemagic, magical arts xðfç; mòshùbacteria, germs xðjõnplay, drama xðjùdramatic (in type) xðjù dedramatic (in impact) xðjùxðngletter (document), correspondence, mail xðnto mail, post, send a letter xðnmessage, information; to believe [in] xðnstumble xðncòng



envelope xðnféngsex, gender, nature, quality, character xðngthe male sex næn xðngthe female sex ný xðngsurname; to be surnamed xðng (See also: mîngzi)apricot xðngsex; sexual activity xðng xîngwêigender, sex xðngbiêexcited xðngfìnhappiness, well-being; happy xðngföcharacter, personality, temperament xðnggêfortunately, “luckily” xðnghçofortunately, “luckily” xðngkuíname xðngmîngspirit, disposition xðngqînginterest, interest in (item engaging attention) xðngqùto be interested in xðngqùalmond xðngrên“good luck”, “good fortune” xðngyùnfortunate, “lucky” xðngyùnfortunately, “luckily” xðngyùndenature, quality, character (of a matter) xðngzhð-ness, -ity -xðngto trust xðnlèitrust, confidence xðnrìnto trust, have confidence in xðnrìnpostbox, mailbox xðntóngfollower, believer xðntöinformation, (a) message, news (yðtiæo) xðnxífaith, loyalty, confidence xðnxínletter box, mailbox xðnxiångfaith, way of belief xðnyçngcredit card xðnyông kçsystem xðtóngmeticulous, careful; meticulously, carefully xðxíncostume xðzhuång

shrimp, prawn xiå (See also: prawn: duðxiå)blind, visually impaired xiåfirst, in front, before, earlier, beforehand xiånfirst X and then Y xiån X zèi Yfirst X and only then Y (not Y until X) xiån X cæi Y



to raise, lift (e.g. a lid) xiånfresh, tasty, delicious xiåncolourful, bright xiånvillage, the countryside, country xiånghome town, birth place, home xiångmutually, one another, reciprocally xiångscented, fragrant, aromatic, appetizing xiångscent, fragrance, aroma, perfume, incense xiångbox xiångchampagne xiångbínjiøsausage xiångchængto deal with one another xiångchøappropriate, suitable xiångdångfairly, rather, quite, pretty xiångdångthe opposite xiångfçncontrary, opposite; on the contrary xiångfçnHong Kong Xiånggçngapart xiånggêmutually, one another, reciprocally xiånghùbanana, bananas xiångjiåospices xiånglièolemongrass xiångmæomatching, similar xiångpìiacquaintance (person) xiångshî de rênperfume xiångshuïalike, similar, like; to be like, resemble xiångsðsimilar xiångsðdesimilar, alike, the same xiångtòngperfume aroma xiångwìirfaith, trust, confidence xiångxðnto accept, believe, trust, believe in, rely on xiångxðncountryside, country (rural) xiångxièto resemble xiångxièngcigarette xiångyåntoilet soap, perfumed soap xiångzèoto collide xiångzhuèngcase, trunk, box, suitcase xiångzisequence of priority, order of precedence xiånhôuin sequence, on after the other, successively xiånhôufresh flowers xiånhuåadvanced (technically experienced) xiånjðncondition (contractual) xiånjuê tiæojièn



husband, Mr.; “Sir” (courtesy to seniors) xiånshenggentleman (generally) xiånshengfibre, fibres, fibrous, tissue xiånwêiprophet xiånzhíto peel (using a knife) xiåo … pî (See also: båo … pî )penknife xiåobïdåofire engine xiåofængchéfireman xiåofængduðyuænfire station xiåofængzhènto consume, use up xiåofìiconsumer goods xiåofìipïndigestion; to digest xiåohuèto have indigestion xiåohuè bùliængnegative, unsupportive, unhelpful xiåojîto destroy, wipe out, extinguish xiåomiìpastime xiåoqiçnto disappear, vanish xiåoshínewsagents xiåoshôudièn[a] message, news, information [yðtiæo] xiåoxi (tiæo is a MW)portrait xiåoxiènglane, alley xiælùunoccupied, idle, free xiænleisure, recreation, free (time) xiænfreely, leisurely xiænsalty xiænsalty biscuit, cracker xiæn bïnggånsalty soy sauce xiæn jièngyòubacon xiæn zhõrôudetailed xiængshîmeticulous, detailed, careful xiængxðmeticulously, in detail, carefully xiængxðnarrow xiæzhçito bring out, exhibit xiçnchõto appear, seem, look like xiçndeobvious xiçn'êryðjiènnoise, sound; noisy, loud; to make a sound xiçngto want to …, to miss, to long for xiçng …would like to xiçngto think over, consider, ponder, plan xiçngto remember, recall xiçng qïlaito realize …, have … occur to one xiçngchõ …to realize …, have … occur to one xiçngdèo …



way of thinking, opinion, point of view xiçngfçto remember, miss, long for xiçngniènsound, noise xiçngshéngenjoyment, pleasure; to enjoy, delight in xiçngshôuimagination; to envisage, imagine, picture xiçngxièngto consider xiçngxiangwould like xiçngyèoanswer, response; to answer, respond xiçngyðngto enjoy, have, be in line for xiçngyóuclear, obvious, evident; clearly, obviously xiçnrænthe Truth xiçnshðmonitor (of a computer) xiçnshðqðappear, come into view xiçnxiènnotable, distinct, marked, prominent xiçnzhùsmall, little, young xiçotrivial, unimportant, minor (small) xiçoshe is younger than you tå bï nï xiçoI am five years younger wó xiço wø suð (See also: dè, suð )brochure xiço cìzi (MW is [yð]bën)a locker, small depository xiço chökid (of a goat) xiço shånyængbyway; small lane xiço xiènglamb (animal) xiço yængto urinate xiçobiènlight meal, snack, refreshments xiçochíclown xiçochóu (MW is [yð]duó )path, alley, narrow lane xiçodèoto know xiçodemat xiçodiènzitip, gratuity xiçofìichild xiçohæi[r]moustache xiçohözilad, young man xiçohuóziMiss, young lady, daughter xiçojiewealthy, well-off xiçokångmouse (rodent) xiçolçoshøsmall hotel, lodge, inn xiçolýguçnwheat xiçomèisnack bar, little shop xiçomèibùchild, children xiçopêngyóumean, stingy, tight, petty, trivial xiçoqðnobody xiçorênwù



hill, mount, little mountain xiçoshånhour xiçoshîhusband's younger brother; brother-in-law xiçoshõshort story, novel, fiction xiçoshuñviolin xiçotîqînsweet biscuit, cookie xiçotiænbïngpetty thief, pickpocket xiçotñucareful, wary xiçoxínto be careful, be wary, look out xiçoxínCareful! xiçoxín!cautious, wary xiçoxíndenews, information xiçoxishrimp, prawn xiçoxiåprimary school, elementary school xiçoxuêprimary schoolchild, elementary schoolchild xiçoxuêshéng (See: zhñngxuêshéng)group xiçozønext xiè [ge]; xiè(yî)ge (ge is a typical MW)to descend, come down (weather), decide xièto issue (a proclamation or decision) xièto lay (eggs); to give birth to xiè… (as times: for brief actions) …xiè (verbal MW)we knocked at the door twice wómen qièole liçngxiè mên (xiè: ver. MW)to Y down (Y is a verb) Yxiè[not] to have space to Y (Y is a verb) Y [bö] xiècompletely to Y … (Y is a verb) Yxiè …next …; the following … (thing) xièY … (Y is a Measure Word like ‘ge’)the next X paragraph[s] (X is a number) xiè Xge duèn (X can be yî, êr, sån, etc.)lower, lesser, inferior xièdown, downward xiè[located] below, down [zèi] … xiè[bian][located] below, down [zèi] … xiè[mian] (See: xiè[bian])to scare, frighten; to be scared, frightened xièto threaten, intimidate xièto get off or down (from a vehicle) xiè chéto pour down [with …] (e.g. rain) xiè dè …to order something xiè dðngdånto drizzle; to fall (a little rain) xiè mæomaoyøto drizzle; to fall (a little rain) xiè xiço yøto snow (to descend snow) xiè xuëthe next one (in sequence, series, line) xiè [yí] ge (ge is a typical MW)next … (in sequence, series, line) xiè yí ge … (ge is a typical MW)to rain (to descend rain) xiè yø



to leave duty. finish work xièbånchin xièba [kér]the area below, the bottom; next, following xièbian[located] below, underneath, under [zèi] … xièbianto get off (bus, train, etc.) xièchéto get off (boat) xièchuænbottom (of a page) xièduånlower jaw xiè'ìto get off (plane) xièféijífrightened xièhuto decline, get less xièjièngto dismiss the class, close the class xièkìto come down xièlaito … down (… is a verb) …xièlaito … away, to … off (… is a verb) …xièlaicompletely to … (… is a verb) …xièlaisummer camp xièlðngyîng[located] below, underneath, under [zèi] … xièmian (See: xièbian)line, thread, string, wire xiènto give, offer up, present, dedicate xiènmodern age, present era xièn dèimodern xièndèidemodernization; modernized, modern xièndèihuè [de]limit (unpassable) xièndùto be like, look like, resemble xièngdirection, trend; towards, facing; to face xièngto order good from a … xièng yîge … dðnggôu huôwùto tend towards, side with xiènglane, alley xièng… (as projects, tasks, needs, decisions) …xièng (MW)four projects sðxièng gñngchêng (xièng here is a MW)some announcements jïxièng shéngmîng (xièng here is a MW)elephant; to look like, be like xièngpicture, image, portrait; to look like, be like xièngsimilar, like, alike xièngto advise xièng … tî yðjiènto resemble … xièng … yîyèng (or: xièng … yðbån)such as, for example xièng … zhì zhóng deforward xièng qiænkerb, curb lùbiån xiångbiånshîguide xièngdçorelated xièngguån



backward[s] xiènghôurubber (material) xièngjiåonecklace xièngliènitem, scheme, project xièngmùoak (timber) xièngmùeraser, rubber xièngpîeraser, rubber xièngpîcåpicture, photograph xièngpièn; zhèopièn (MW is [yð]zhång)Chinese chess xièngqíup, upward xièngshèngoak (tree) xièngshù (MW is [yð]ké)down, downward xièngxièivory xièngyærepresentation, emblem, symbol xièngzhéngto represent, symbolize, signify xièngzhéngcash xiènjínmoney, cash xiènkuçnto envy; to admire xiènmùreality, practicality; realistic, practical xiènshîrealism xiènshî zhøyða clue xiènsuóphenomenon xiènxièngnow, the present xiènzèinow, currently, at present, nowadays xiènzèirestriction, limit, control; to restrict, limit xiènzhðstuck; won't shift xiènzhùto laugh, smile; to laugh at, ridicule xièoto imitate, copy xièofçresult, fruit, effect, outcome xièoguójoke, amusing story; to laugh at, ridicule xièohuè; xièohuaefficiency xièolþcampus, school field, school yard xièoyuænpresident, principal, headmaster (academic) xièozhçngto go down, descend xièquto go on …, to continue … (… is a verb) …xièquto keeping on going jðxù xièqusummer xiètiånbottom; next; below xiètou (See: xièbian)afternoon, p.m., period 3 p.m. to dusk xièwønext week xièxíngqíto snow xièxuëto rain xièyø



some, several, a few, a bit of; a bit, a little xiéto rest, take a rest xiéslight xiéwéiinclined, slanting, askew xiêshoe, shoes xiêa pair of shoes yðshuång xiêwicked xiê'ì[de]agreement xiêdðngassociation, gathering, society xiêhuðstruggle xiêlîngassistance; to assist xiêzhùshoes, footware xiêzito write, compose, author xiëto write a letter xië xðnwriting, composing, composition xiëzuôThanks! xiìxie!to thank xiìxieThank you! Xiìxie nï!Thank you! (politely) Xiìxie nïn!chest, breast xiñngbrother(s) xiñngdðbrothers and sisters; siblings xiñngdð jiëmìifierce xiñngmëngdechest (of body), breast xiñngqiångnasty, dangerous, threatening xiñngxiçnmale (animals), powerful, virile (humans) xiòngbear (animal) xiòng (MW is [yð]zhí )panda xiòngmåogrand, magnificent xiòngwëiambition (for success, progress) xiòngxín; bèofù (See also: yëxín, shéwèng)ambitious (for success, progress) yóu xiòngxín de (See also: yëxín, shéwèng)to repair, maintain, build xiõto build up knowledge about xiõto mend xiõbøgarage workshop (for repairs) xiõchéhængdisgrace, shame xiõchïrevision, amendment, modification xiõgçito revise, amend, modify, correct xiõgçito mow the lawn xiõjiçn cçopîng (See also: gé )day off xiõjiètiånto repair, mend, fix xiõlïnun (in Christendom) xiõný



intermission, rest, pause xiõxito rest, have a rest, relax xiõxilounge, rest room xiõxishðembroidered xiùhuådesleeve xiù[zi]

to make up, invent xõgôumodest, humble; with humility, humbly xõxíndemand, need, necessity xõyèoto require, need to; it is necessary that … xõyèo …tame xönfödepatrol xönluòpatrol car xönluò ché (MW is [yî]lièng)to ask about, enquire xönwìnto question (someone) xönwìninformation desk xönwìnchù; wìnxùnchùcruise xönyòuto seek, look for, search for xönzhçoto allow, permit, consent to, promise xølots of, many; some number of xøduñpermission xøkëpermit xøkëzhìngfarm (pastoral) xùmùchçngtraining; to train, instruct, drill xùnliènrapid, fast, quick; rapidly, fast, quickly xùnsùto recount, narrate xùshùto question (someone) xùnwìndeclaration, proclamation; to proclaim xuånbùpropaganda; to disseminate, propogate xuånchuænpublicly declaring xuånyængchoice, selection, election xuçnto choose, select, elect xuçnelection; to elect, vote xuçnjøelectoral voting rights xuçnjø quænchoice, selection xuçnzêto choose, select, pick xuçnzêto cut down, curtail xuéjiçnboot (footwear) xuézí (MW is [yð]zhí )boots (a pair) yðshuång xuézí ([yð]shuång is a MW )school, grade, academic institution xuê-ology (field of study); knowledge, learning xuêto learn, study xuê[xî]



to read (study at university) xuêxîtuition, school fees xuêfìito learn (pick up) xuêhuðacademic term, semester xuêqípupil, student xuêshenglearning, scholarship; learned, academic xuêshùlearning, scholarship xuêwento learn, study xuêxîschool xuêxièoinstitute, college, academic institution xuêyuènlearned person, scholar xuêzhësnow xuësnow is falling xiè xuë lesnowflake xuëhuåcigar xuëjiå[yån]bloodbank xuëkù (MW is [yî]ge) (See: hê; yînhæng)blood xuìblood vessel xuìguçnblood pressure xuìyåblood xuìyì



< ypressure yåto press, put pressure, suppress, control yåto compress yåah! ooh! oh! yåduck yå[zi]deposit, advance money yåjínpressure yålðsmoke, tobacco, cigarette yånpipe (used for smoking) yåndóufireworks yånhuåash (tobacco, etc.) yånhuíashtray yånhuígångto drown yånnðflood yånshuïto drown yånsïwaist, small of one's back yåobelt yåodèiinvitation (process); to invite (formal) yåoqïngneed, request, demand yåoqiöto request, ask to, demand yåoqiöconstriction, repression, oppression yåpôduck yåzitooth, teeth yægum (of jaw) yæchuængtoothpaste yægåoalong, alongside, beside yænsalt yænextension, prolonging; to extend, prolong yænchængcave yændôngsheep, goat yængonion yængcñngstrict, rigid, stern, rigorous, severe yæn'gêstrictly, rigidly yæn'gêsunlight, sunshine yængguångwool yængmæomutton, lamb yængrôubalcony yængtæidoll yængwæwastudy, research yænjiõto study, research; to assess (problems) yænjiõ



research student, postgraduate yænjiõshéngresearch institute yænjiõsuóresearch fellow yænjiõyuænresearch academy, research institute yænjiõyuènsevere yænlðto postpone yænqícolour yænsìserious, solemn, earnest; no laughing matter yænsùto follow along yænzhealong, beside …; to follow along yænzhe …critical, grave, serious (state of health) yænzhôngto wave, sway, rock, wag, shake, row, ring yæoto swing yæobçito shake (something) yæohuçngtoothbrush yæshuådumb (can't speak) yçeye, opening, hole, gap yçnto act, perform, show (theatrically) yçnto show … on television diènshð shang yçn …to cultivate, develop yçnchêngperformance, showing, production (theatre) yçnchõto act, perform, show (theatrically) yçnchõto give birth to, provide for, support, nurture yçngto raise, grow (plants, animals) yçngfoster … (not related by birth) yçng …elderly people's home yçnglçoyuèn (MW is[yð]suó)to bring up (children) yçngyùblink yçnjíngto blink zhç yçnjíngspectacles, glasses yçnjðngspeech; to make a speech yçnjiçngeye, eyes yçnjingoptician (seller of spectacles) yçnjðng shångoptician (maker of spectacles) yçnjðng zhðzhèozhëeye doctor, oculist yçnké yíshéngtears yçnlìieyebrow yçnmêiin front of the eyes yçnqiænat this moment, presently, momentarily yçnqiænspeech; to make a speech yçnshuñperformer, actor [næn] yçnyuænperformer, actress [ný] yçnyuæn



player (musical instrument in a show) yçnyuænto play (musical instrument in a show) yçnzôuplayer (musical instrument in a show) yçnzôuzhëto snap at, bite yçoelegance; elegant yçzhðelegant yçzhðdeto swallow yènbored (fed up by boredom) yènfænboring (makes one bored) lðng rên yènfænway, manner yèngpattern, model, sample, form, look yèngthe one which …? yèng de dñngxione who …? yèng de rên… (as kinds or types of things in general) …yèng (MW)four types of vehicle sðyèng ché (yèng here is a MW)pattern(shape followed for making things) yèngbçnsample yèngbënpattern, model, sample yèngziform, look, manner, appearance yèngzihaving the look of being … shð … de yèngzifeast, banquet yènhuðbirds' nest yènwñto dislike yènwùdisgusting, disliked yènwùdemedicine, drug, (some chemicals) yèomust, to want, to need, beg, request, demand yèoit takes … yèo …will, to be expected to (happen) yèoif (in the case that) … then yèo[shi] … (jiù)important yèoif not, otherwise, else, or else yèobu[ræn]if not, otherwise, else, or else yèoburænbut for, if it were not for, if … didn't happen yèobushimain idea, most important point yèodiçndrugstore, pharmacy yèodiènprescription yèofångpharmacy yèofængimportant; serious, critical (state of health) yèojïndrugs (for medical use) yèopïntablets, pills yèopiènif (in the case that) … then yèoshi … (jiù)key (for a lock) yèoshi



pills, tablets yèowçndrugs yèowùif (supposing) yèoshi [or: jiçrö]Asia YèzhñuAsian (things in genereal) YèzhñudeAsian (person) Yèzhñurên

Jehovah YéhêhuæJehovah's Witness Yéhêhuæ JiènzhìngrênJerusalem YélùsålëngJesus Yésõcoconut yézigrandfather, grandpa (paternal) yêyegrandpa (child politely calls one much senior) yêyealso; likewise, too; even so, still yëneither, not either, nor yë bù; yëbùnor do X … (e.g. nor do I …) X yë bù …nor did X … (e.g. nor did I …) X yë mêi … (for past)nor do X have (e.g. nor do I have) X yë mêi yóualso, too yë shðneither, not either, nor yëbùpicnic yëcænfield yëdðwild yëshéngdehare yëtùoutdoors, in the open country yëwèiambition (craving power) yëxín; shéwèngcamp yëyîngambitious (for power) yóu yëxín dehave a chance to …, may yëxømaybe, perhaps, possibly yëxø …; kënêng …page, leaf yìa page yîyì[loacated on] page three [zèi] dðsånyìnight, evening yìin the night, at night, during the night yìlinight, evening yìwçnbusiness activities, professional work yìwùevening classes yìxièodone outside normal business hours, amateur yìyöduring one's spare time yìyöextracurricular activities yìyö huòdông



leaf yìzileaf, leaves (foliage) yìzienightclub yìzónghuð

one, a, an, each, per each yí (Pronunciation varies: yí (counting); yð (before à , á or â ); yî (before ã ))only one, single, the same, together, all … yí … (pronounced as yð … or yî …)all day … all night yî rð … yî yìjust briefly X (X is a verb) … X yð X (pronounced as yð X or yî X)once…; as soon as … yð … jiù[not] even one … yðX … yë [bù] … (X is a MW like ‘ge’)once yí cðdozen yí dæHave a good journey! Bon voyage! yí fån féng shùn!serving, portion; to serve, distribute yí fìnalone (on one's own, by oneself) yí ge rêna pair of yí shuångsuit (worn for business) yí tèo xíföaverage, mediocre, passable, so-so yíbånhalf yíbènlifetime yíbìizipartly yíbùfìna small amount, a little; some, a little (of) yídiçn[r]; yðdiçn[r]somewhat, a little, slightly yídiçn[r]; yðdiçn[r]exactly so!, just so! yídiçn böcuô; yðdiçn[r] böcuônot the least, not even a little yídiçn[r] bù; yðdiçn[r] bùsome, a little … (a small quantity of …) yídiçn[r] fèn …; yðdiçn[r] fèn …certain, sure yídðngclothing, clothes, dress yífuwardrobe yíguðlater yíhuïrdependence, support yíkèoto rely on, depend on; lean on yíkèomedical care; medical yíliæoemail (a message) yímìiremail address yímìir dðzhïovercast, clouded over, cloudy, shady yíndull, dingy (weather) yín'ènso, therefore, for this reason yíncï …; suóyï …female private part yíndèoso, therefore, for this reason, as a result yín'êrshould, ought to yíng[dång]



British pound (money), pound sterling yíngbèngan inch yíngcùnshould, ought to yíngdångbaby, infant yíng'êrcot (for a baby) yíng'êrchuængought to … yínggåi …ought to; ought to have … (but didn't) bën yíng[gåi]England, Britain, U.K. YíngguòEnglish, British (things in general) YíngguòdeEnglish person, British person Yíngguòrênpushchair yínghæi tuíchéhandsome yíngjùncherry yíngtæoInternet YíngtìwçngEnglish language (especially written) Yíngwênparrot yíngwø (MW is [yð]zhí )hero, heroine yíngxiòngpromised yíngxøheroic, valiant, brave, bold yíngyóngto consent to do, agree to do yíngyönEnglish language (especially spoken) Yíngyøpart of male sex organ yíngjíngmile yínglïshade yínliængchùelement, factor yínsùcloudy, overcast (day) yíntiånto think, assume yínwêias, since, because of yínwìi …; yínwei …as, since, because of yínwei …music yínyuìmusician (working with music) yínyuì gñngzuôzhëconcert yínyuìhuðmusician (celebrated performer) yínyuìjiåconcert yínyuìtíngtogether yíqï; yðqïeverything yíqiìas before, still, yet yírændoctor, physician yíshéngeye doctor, oculist yçnké yíshéngIslam YísílænjièoIslamic Yísílænjièodeclinic yíwùshð



clinic (at a work place) yíwùsuósome, several, a little, a few yíxiéthe field of medicine (field of study) yíxuêsame yíyèng; yðyènghospital yíyuènMonth 1, January Yíyuìper, in accordance with, in view of yízhèostraight ahead yízhîa, an, one yî (See also yîge, etc.)maternal aunt, mother's sister yîto move, shift, change, alter yîa, an, one yî ge (See also yîge, etc.)a quarter (time) yî kìall day … all night yî rð … yî yìa half, about a half, partly yîbènlifetime; throughout one's entire life yîbìizia part (section, element, phase) yîbùfenonce; one time yîcðonce … (after …) yîdèn …once … then yîdèn … jiùone way, alongside, together, side by side yîdèocertain, particular, specified, definite, proper yîdðngcertainly, definitely yîdðngto have an obligation to; must yîdðng dêi …to have a necessity (particular need) to … yîdðng yèo …movement (change of position) yîdôngto move, change position, shift yîdôngmobile phone yîdông diènhuèa pair of yîduð (See also: yðshuång, yîfù)mother's sister's husband; uncle yîfua pair (as one object) yîfùa pair of spectacles yîfù yçnjðnga, an yîge, etc. (“ge” is a “measure word” -“MW”. Study 24 shows more.) Use yð before …à, …á, or …â, else yîone (a person, you) yîge rên; nïnone of X … (present or past without “have”) X yîge yë bù …none of X … (past event or with “have) X yîge yë mêi … (for: bù+le or bù+yóu)one at a time, one by one yîge yîge deone and a half yîgebènaltogether, in sum, in total yîgôngregret, pity; to regret yîhèn



what a pity! a real shame! zhéng yîhèn!regrettably yîhènde“in a second”, in a mo', in a little while, later yîhuðrfor a moment, for a while yîhuðrfirst [it's] (one moment) X, the next [it's] Y yîhuðr X yîhuðr Yto hand over yîjiåoa piece of, item of (object like furniture) yîjièn … (jièn is a MW)wife's older sister; sister-in-law yîjiëto emigrate yîjõchunk, piece (piece of something solid) yîkuèi (kuèi is a MW)together yîkuèiron the way, all the trip, during the journey yîlùhave an pleasant trip; enjoy your journey yîlù pîng'ånhave a successful trip yîlù shùnféngwife's younger sister; sister-in-law yîmìiwife's mother's sister (older or younger); aunt yîmøsilver yînto win, gain, beat yîngcamp site yîngdðto welcome, meet, greet, receive yîngjiéto rescue yîngjiùnourishment, nutrition yîngyçngto do business yîngyìbranch (of a bank) yîngyìbùbank (for money) yînhæng (MW is [yî]jiå ) (See: hê; xuëkù)(laboratory) apparatus, instruments yîqðthe whole, all, everything; whole, all, every yîqiì; yíqiìservice yîshðquestion, query, doubt yîwìnsuspicion yîxínfor a little while, once, a bit yîxiè[r]in an instant, suddenly, all at once yîxiè[r]in an instant, suddenly, all at once yîxièzithe same; the same way, manner; equally yîyèng; yíyèngwishes yîyuènone pattern, consistent, identical yîzhðin one way, unanimous, consistent yîzhðexist yïalready yïaccording to; using (an instrument) yïso as to, in order to yïto use, consider, take, take [as], take [for] yï … [wêi]



married yï hõn deaccording to what? yï shênme?after …, later [zèi] … yïhôuso that, in order to, in order that yïbièn (mid-sentence) (See also: wêile)for, in order that (the purpose of) yïbièn (mid-sentence) (See also: wêile)after …, later, in future; afterwards, later [zèi] … yïhôuafter yïhôumarried yïhõnalready yïjíngas well as, along with, and yïjîsince …, after … zð[công] … yïlæiuntil now yïlæifor … until now (… defines a period of time) … yïlæihidden yïncængless than, within yïnìifilm, movie film yïngpièninfluence; to influence, affect yïngxiçnginfluence yïngxiçnglðto be affected by …; to undergo …'s effect shôu … yïngxiçngreflection, shadow, impression yïngzidrinks, beverage, drink, refreshment yïnlièoto cause, bring about, give rise to yïnqïto produce, result in yïnqï; chçnshéngenvious yïnqï xiènmù decontact lens yïnxîng yçnjðngbefore …; before, in the past [zèi] … yïqiænin front of, ahead of, before yïqiæn; qiænago, previously, formerly yïqiæn… ago (a certain time period ago) … yïqiænlong ago hën jiø yïqiænIsrael Yïsìliìover, above, on; above, overhead yïshèngover … … yïshèngbeyond …, outside …, without yïwèiapart from X, the remainder of Y Z (Z: verb) chö[le] X yïwèi, Y dñu Zapart from (as well as) X, Y also Z (Z: verb) chö[le] X yïwèi, Y hæi Zto think, assume, consider, regard, treat yïwêito have formerly wrongly thought yïwêi(Book of) Ezekiel Yïxíjiê(shõ)below, underneath, following yïxièbeneath, under, below … [zèi] … yïxièwith the undesirable result that, so that yïzhð



chair yïzia, an yð (See: yí and yî)a hundred million; 100,000,000 yða billion; 1,000,000,000 shîyðrighteous yðjust briefly X (X is a verb) … X yð X (pronounced as yð X or yî X)once…; as soon as … yð … jiù[not] even one … yðX … yë [bù] … (X is a MW like ‘ge’)on one side (or hand) X, on the other side Y yð fångmièn X [lðng] yð fångmièn Yall thorough the day, from sunrise to sunset yð tiån dèo wçnthe same, just as, general, common, ordinary yðbånnothing special, so so yðbånequally, similarly, ordinarily, generally yðbånusually, normally yðbånX is as Y as Z X hê Y yðbån Zgang (of criminals) yðbånggenerally speaking yðbånlæishuña pack [of]; a packet [of] yðbåo […]one side, one time yðbiånto do both … and … (at the same time) yðbiån … yðbiån …to do … while doing … (at the same time) yðbiån … yðbiån …unusual, exceptional, abnormal, extraordinary yðchængunusually, exceptionally, exceedingly yðchængprofit, benefit yðchùItaly YðdèlðItalian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Yðdèlð[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)pizza Yðdèlð bïsèbïngpasta Yðdèlð fën[an] idea [yðdiçn] yðjièn (diçn is a MW)a small amount, a little; some, a little yðdiçn[r]; yídiçn[r]somewhat, a little, slightly yðdiçn[r]; yídiçn[r]exactly so!, just so! yðdiçn böcuô; yídiçn[r] böcuônot the least, not even a little yðdiçn[r] bù; yídiçn[r] bùsome, a little … (a small quantity of …) yðdiçn[r] fèn …; yídiçn[r] fèn …not at all, no way, not a bit yðdiçn[r] yë bùa pile, heap (disorderly) yðduí (duí is a MW)a piece of … (stringy object like string) yðgén …a piece of string yðgén xiènshênga pack [of] yðhê […]a short while yðhuï[r]parliament yðhuð; guòhuðgroup (of friends) yðhuó



opinion, idea, view, advice yðjièna parcel, package yðjièn båoguóagreed! fine! yðjièn yízhða package, bundle yðkøncomment, discussion, opinion, talk yðlùnto comment, discuss, opine, talk yðlùnstack, orderly pile yðluò (luò is a MW)hostage yðmîng rênzhðmark, imprint, seal, stamp yðnto print, copy, replicate, engrave yðnby (near to) [zèi] … yðnIndia YðndùIndian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Yðndù[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)Indonesia Yðndùnîxíyètough, hard, stubborn; by force, stubbornly yðngcoin yðngbðstiff yðngdeto cope (with situation) yðngfuhardware (for computers) yðngjiènhard disk, hard drive (on a computer) yðngpænhard sleeper yðngwôapplication, use, to use, apply; applied, used yðngyôngcardboard yðngzhïbçnhard seat yðngzuôthoughts yðniènIndonesia YðnnîIndonesian (See: German- of, person, lang…) Yðnnî[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)to print yðnshuåimpression yðnxiènga bottle of … yðpîng …[an] article written; editorial, essay [yðpiån] wênzhång (piån is a MW)at one time, together, simultaneously yðqîtogether; along with, at the same place, time yðqï; yíqïwith (company) hê … (yðqï); gén … yðqïherd [of cattle] yðqön [niö]righteous yðrênthroughout one's life, all thorough life yðshéngfor a some time, temporarily, by chance yðshîfirst (one moment) X, the next Y yðshî X yðshî Yawareness yðshîaware (knowing about) yðshîdèocraft, art, skill, technique; artistic, tasteful yðshù



artist yðshùjiåwork of art yðshùpïna pair (set) yðshuånga pair of shoes yðshuång xiêmeaning, thought, idea, theme, idea yðsi (MW is [yð]zhóng)desire, intention; interest, delight, fun yðsihave interest, be interesting … yóu yðsitogether, in the same place at the same time yðtòngintention, purpose yðtösurprise development, accident, mishap yðwèiunforeseen, unexpected, surprising yðwèito mean, represent, signify, imply yðwìizheto require in effect, have as an effect yðwìizhevision; foregleam yðxièngsome, several, a few, a bit, a little yðxiémeaning, significance yðyð[a] table [yðzhång] zhuñzi (zhång is a MW)a piece … (sheet or flat object, like paper) yðzhång …continuously, all the time, straight [on] yðzhînever … yðzhî bù …; yðzhî mêi …to restrain yðzhðwish, will, will power, intent yðzhð

cuddle, embrace yñngbèoto hug, cuddle, embrace yñngbèoto support, recommend, endorse yñnghùto push, pack, crowd; packed, crowded, busy yñngjïto own, possess yñngyóugrieve yñuchòustrong point, merit, good aspect yñudiçndiscount yñuhuðlong, of long standing yñujiøgood, fine yñuliængbeautiful, graceful, exquisite (location) yñumëihumorous yñumôdepreferential treatment, priority yñuxiånquænexcellent, outstanding yñuxiù[de]depressed yñuyùfine, good yñuzhðthrough, from , by; to obey, follow, let yòuobviously, evidently yòu cï këjiènfat, grease, oil yòu



to paint (house, furniture) yòu (See also: huè, yòuqí )obviously, evidently yòu cï këjiènpostman, postwoman yòudðyuænpost office yòujötourist, sightseer, visitor yòukìsightseeing yòulçnfair (funfair) yòulìhuðgrease, fat yòunðpostage stamp yòupièopaint; to paint (buildings, furniture) yòuqí (See also: huè, yòu )to be especially yòuqí shðpainter (for decorating. See also: artist) yòuqíjièng (See also: huèjiå )especially, in particular yòuqî; tìbiêtourist, sightseer, visitor, excursionist yòurênJudah YòutèiJewish Yòutèi deJew Yòutèirênparade (procession) yòuxîng (MW is [yî]cð)game (played for recreation) yòuxðplaying field, games ground, playground yòuxð chçngdðswimming; to swim yòuyóngswimming pool yòuyóngchîoutdoor swimming pool shðwèi yòuyóngchîswimming costume yòuyóngyídue to, because of, as a consequence of … yòuyö …squid yòuyöhesitation; hesitant; to hesitate yòuyùfried yòuzhæarea code yòuzhìng biånmçto pour out (many people) yóngchuto pour in (many people) yóngjðncourageous, brave, daring yónggçneverlasting, eternal yónghêngpermanent yóngjiø[de]courage yóngqðforever, ever, always; everlasting; eternal yóngyuçnnever (future events) yóngyuçn bùsome …, a number of … yóu …to have, possess; there is/are, exist yóuhave not; there isn't/aren't mêi yóuto be about the same as yóuhaving the quality of … ; with … yóu …



spotted (markings) yóu båndiçn dehave a little; there is a little; a bit, somewhat yóu diçn[r]well-mannered, polite yóu lïmèo deto have the capability of yóu nênglðhuman yóu rênqîngwìi desometimes, on some occasions yóu shî[hou]hopefully yóu xíwèng deattractive yóu xíyïnlð deto have confidence yóu xðnxíneffective yóu xièonutritious yóu yîngyçnghave a little; there is a little; a bit, somewhat yóu yðdiçn(r)intentional yóu yðinteresting, meaningful, enjoyable yóu yðsiuseful yóu yôngorganized, orderly yóu zhðxù desickness yóubðngsick, unwell, ill yóubðngdesome …; a number of … yóude …some …, but others … yóude … yóude …sometimes, at times yóu[de] shîhôuto abound in, have plenty of, not lack … yóudeshð …poisonous yóudödeto be related (to), concern, involved in yóuguånrelevant, concerned, involved yóuguånabout, concerning, regarding yóuguånharmful yóuhèifriendly yóuhçoadvantageous, beneficial yóulðpowerful, energetic, strong yóulðwhether there is yóumêiyóurenowned, famous, well known yóumîngespecially, particularly yóuqîshðwealthy, well-to-do yóuqiæninteresting, fascinating, amusing yóuqùstriped (pattern, marks) yóutiæowêndelimited yóuxiènefficient, effective, valid yóuxièoseveral, some, a few yóuxiérelationship, friendship yóuyðuseful yóuyông; yóu yôngtasty yóuzíyóuwìide



guilty (criminal) yóuzuðuse, (a benefit); to use, to need yôngto pass (spend one's time) yôngto pass one's time doing … bç zðjïde shîjiån yòng læi …with, using, by means of yôngto make use of yông; shïyônguseful yóu yông; yóuyônguseless mêi yôngto have no use yông bö zhèoto punch (hit using fist) yông quæn dçto spell yông zðmø pínxiëto try out in use shðyôngwith (by using) [zèi] yông …application, use, utilisation, implementation yôngchõpurpose, practical function yôngchõdiligent, hard-working, studious yônggñngused up, finished (all gone) yôngguångleappliance, equipment, kit, gear yôngjù (MW is [yî]jièn)to use one's power, exert full effort yônglðusing all one's power, with whole strength yônglðservant yôngrênto intend, mean yôngyðterm yôngyøagain (already recurred) yôu (See also: zèi for awaited recurrence)however, but, too, in addition, extra yôuhowever, but kë yôuboth X and Y; on one hand X, on the other Y yôu X yôu Yright (not left); right-wing; right hand yôuboth … and … yôu … yôu …right side; right hand side yôubiånchild, infant yôu'êrpre-school, kindergarten, nursery school yôu'êryuæninnocent (not knowing bad) yôuzhð

to faint yõndçoat, in, on, by, from, to, than (especially dates) yöfish yöfishbone yöcð (MW is [yð]gén)happy, pleasant, delighted, joyful yökuèienjoyable yökuèideentertainment, amusement, recreation yölìfish sauce yölù



stupid yömìifisherman yömîncloud yöncloud yöncaito fool yönôngto allow yönxøas a result, consequently, thus yöshðfishing net yöwçngPassover Yöyuìjiêwith, for, to; and yørain yøcompared with yø … xiångbïto communicate with …X… through …Y… yø …X… tñngguô …Y… liænxðintonation, modulation yødièogrammar yøfçlanguage yø(yæn)…language (a certain one, especially spoken) …yøgrammar yøfçbadminton, shuttlecock yømæoqiöpromise; to promise yønnuôto permit, allow, grant permission to yønxøtone, manner of speaking yøqðumbrella yøsçnlanguage yøyænlanguage laboratory yøyæn shîyènshðraincoat yøyí (MW is [yî]jièn)pronunciation yøyínuniverse yøzhôuto meet, chance upon, face yù[dèo]forecast, to forecast yùbèoto prepare, get ready yùbìito meet, chance upon, face yùdèoreservation, booking yùdðngto book, reserve (a room, meal, table) yùdðngto prevent, guard against, take precautions yùfængprecaution yùfæng cuôshíadvance (money) yùfùkuçnbathtub yùgångprediction yùgèoto meet, chance upon, face yùjiènamusement park yùlì chçngleisure centre yùlì zhñngxín



corn, maize, grain yùmïfate, ‘luck’; to ship, transport yùnto iron (clothes) yùn yífuprophecy yùnæniron (for pressing clothes) yùndóusports, exercise, athletics, movement, motion yùndôngmovement (campaign) yùndông (MW is [yî]cð)sports, to take exercise yùndôngsports meeting, games, contest yùndônghuðathlete, player yùndôngyuænbathtub yùpênfortune, ‘good luck’ yùnqð; yùnqitransportation, transport, conveyance yùnshõmeans of transport yùnshõ gñngjù (MW is [yð]zhóng)to transport, convey, ship, move yùnshõto deliver yùnsôngto apply, utilize, wield yùnyôngbathroom, shower room, washroom yùshðto desire, want, wish, have a lust for yùwèngword; prophecy; prediction yùyænto prepare (as for a study session or lesson) yùxîbathrobe yùyíappointment yùyuédollar yuænmember, staff, personnel (in an organisation) yuæn-worker, -er, -ist (in an organisation) [-]yuæncircle, yuan (Chinese money unit) yuæncircular, round yuænpark, garden yuænoriginal (not a copy or derivative) yuæn[læi]era yuænNew Year's Day Yuændènoriginal manuscript yuængço (MW is [yî]fìn)original; former; previous yuænlæioriginal (not a copy or derivative) yuænlæias it came about originally; as it turns out yuænlæigardener yuænlîn gñngrênto forgive, pardon, excuse yuænlièngsource material, raw material yuænlièocircle yuænquånape yuænrênhead (of state) yuænshóu



round (in shape) yuænxîngdesweet dumplings yuænxiåoLantern Festival Yuænxiåojiê[the] reason [is]; cause yuænyíngardening yuænyðprinciple yuænzêin principle, on principle yuænzê shangball-point pen, biro yuænzhõbïnuclear bomb yuænzïdèn (MW is [yð]ké)far, far away, remote, distant, long way off yuçncompound, courtyard, public facility, cinema yuènlet be that …; may … yuèn …would like to; to be willing to yuèn[yð]to wish, hope, desire yuènwèngwould like to; to be willing to, prefer yuènyðto offer to do … biçoshð yuènyð …president (college), chairman, director yuènzhçngcompound, courtyard, yard, court yuènziagreement, treaty, contract, date, appointment yuéto make an appointment, fix a time to meet yuéapproximately, about yuéark yuéto fix (an appointment, a time) yuédðngband (musicians) yuìduðto fix (an appointment, a time) yuéhçoappointment, meeting, engagement yuéhuðmonth, moon yuìthe more … the more … yuì … yuì …more and more … yuì læi yuì …to read yuìdöorchestra guçnxiæn yuìduðwife's father; father-in-law yuìfùto pass, go past yuìguôwoman's period (monthly cycle) yuìjíngqíreading room yuìlçnshðmoonlight, moon yuìliangwife's mother; mother-in-law yuìmøVietnam Yuìnænmusical instrument yuìqðmoon (the object) yuìqiöVietnam YuìnænVietnamese (See: German- of, person, lang.) Yuìnæn[-de|-rên|-wên|-yø] (See: Dê)



approval yuìnèapproved yuìnè de



< zdisaster, calamity, misfortune zåito plant, grow zåidisaster, calamity zåihèidisaster, calamity, misfortune zåinènfilthy, dirty, messy zångfilthy language; bad language zånghuèbad zåoto suffer, undergo, unhappily meet with zåodèotoo bad! ‘bad luck!’ zåogåodisastrous, terrible, no good, ‘rubbish’ zåogåoto suffer, undergo, be subjected to zåoshôuawful (rubbish work, performance) zåotôuvarious, mixed, miscellaneous zæto smash, break, tamp, thump zæacrobatics zæjðI and you (one or ones directly addressed) zæn[men]Let's … (do something) zænmen … ba!me and your (one or ones directly addressed) zænmende[a] document, leaflet, thin magazine [yîfìn] zæzhð (fìn is a MW)to save up, store up, hoard, accumulate zçnearly; in advance, prior, early, ages ago zçofor a long time, for ages; long ago zço jiùoccasionally zço qiænfor a long time, long ago, for ages zço yïbreakfast zçocånearly morning (dawn to about 9 a.m.) zçochênbreakfast, morning meal zçofènfor a long time, for ages; long ago zço jiùearly; first; original zçoqíget well soon! zçorð kångföearly morning, morning zçoshang; (zçoshèng)for a long time, long ago, for ages zço yïagain (future), once again, further, still, even zèi (See also: yôu for past recurrence)on continuing to … (some current activity) zèi …never again do … (do this activity no longer) bö zèi …on doing X [do] Y; after X then Y X zèi Yat, in, on; zèito carry zèito be (be present; be located; be alive; exist) zèiabsent, not present; to be absent bö zèi



to be conditional on, depend on zèiin the middle of (an action that is continuing) zèianother cup? (to drink) zèi hé yðbéi …?at home zèi jiå[located] where? [zað] nçlï?[located] where? [zèi] nçr?[located] there [zèi] nèlï[located] there [zèi] nèrwithin reason zèi qînglï zhí nìieven so zèi shuñto be in love zèi tæn lièn'èi[located] down [zèi] xiènow and in the future zað xiènjín hê wìilæianother one; the same again zèi yí [ge] (ge here is a MW: adapt to suit)[located] here [zèi] zhìlï[located] here [zèi] zhìr[located] between [zèi] zhñngjiånwithin, in [zèi] … dångzhñng[located] in front of [zèi] … de qiænmièn[located] under [zèi] … dïxiè[located] across from … [zèi] … duðmiènbehind, after [zèi] … hoù[bian][located] behind [zèi] … hôu[mièn] (or: hôumian)at home zèi jiå[located] in [zèi] … lï[mièn] (or: lïmian)[located] inside [zèi] … lïmièn (or: lïmian)[located] at [zèi] … mièn (or: mian)[located] where? [zað] nçlï?[located] where? [zèi] nçr?[located] beyond, on the far side of [zèi] nè bian[located] there [zèi] nèlï[located] there [zèi] nèr[located] in, within, among [zèi] … nìi[located] beside …; by (the side of) [zèi] … pæng[biån]during … [zæi] … qíjiånwithin reason zèi qînglï zhí nìiahead of, before [zèi] … qiènahead; in front of [zèi] … qiæn[mian]in front of [zèi] … de qiænmièn[located] on, at, above, on top of [zèi] … shèng (or: shang)[thought of] in … [zèi] … shèng (or: shang)[located] upon [zèi] … shèngmian



when [zèi] … shî[located] out(side) [zèi] … wèi[bian];[located] out(side) of [zèi] … wèi[mian][located] down [zèi] xiè[located] below, under, underneath, with [zèi] … xiè[mian]now and in the future zað xiènjín hê wìilæianother one; the same again zèi yí [ge] (ge here is a MW: adapt to suit)in the region of [zèi] … yîdèiafter … [zèi] … yïhôubefore … [zèi] … yïqiænby (near to) [zèi] … yðn[located] around …; near to … [zèi] … zhì yídèi[located] here [zèi] zhìlï[located] here [zèi] zhìr[located] among … [zèi] … zhí zhñngbetween … [zèi] … zhíjiånat … before zèi … zhíqiæn[located] between [zèi] zhñngjiån[located] around …; surrounding … [zèi] … zhñuwêiagain zèicð[not] to mind, [not] care about [enough] [bö] zèihugoodbye, see you again zèijiènrepeatedly, again and again, over and over zèisånin addition, furthermore, besides zèishuñto postpone zèishuñto be determined by, depend on, lie with zèiyöpraise zènto agree, accept, agree with, concur, approve zènchêngAgreed! Fine! zènchêngto object to, oppose bö zènchêngto bury zèngguts, viscera, organs [xín]zèngfuneral zènglïpraise; to praise, sing praises for zènmëito admire zènshçngtemporary, passing; temporarily, for now zènshîto express praise zèntènto agree zèntòngto praise, commend, speak well of zènyængto [pay a] compliment zènyængto create, make, manufacture, establish, build zèoCreator Zèo wùzhø



to form sentences zèojùnoisy (making excessive volume of sound) zèoshéng dèCreator Zèowùzhønoise (excessive volume of sound) zèoyínhatred zénghìnincrease; to increase, add, enlarge, rise zéngjiåto gain weight zéngjiå tïzhôngaerobics zéngyçng jiènshén fçto increase, grow, get larger zéngzhçng(If …X…,) then (…Y…) zêregulation, rule zêthe latter zêto blame, reprove zêbìito blame zêguèithief zêiduty, responsibility zêrìnhow (in what manner)?; how come? why? zënme?how[ever], any way, what[ever] zënmenot at all …, not particularly …, not very … bù zënme …what happened? how come? zënme huî shð?what's up? what happened? now what? zënme le?how? how about? zënmeyèng?how is it[?] how are things[?] (greeting) zënmeyèng[?]not very good, not too well bù zënmeyènghow (in what manner)? zënyèng?how (in what manner), the manner in which zënyèngto present (a gift) zìngsông

to pierce, put in a needle; to do acupuncture zhåbrakes zhåto pluck , pick; to remove, take off, pick off zhåito fast zhåijiìto stick, glue, paste, affix; sticky zhån… (as planar things:flat, squarish) …-zhång (MW)ten newspapers shîzhång bèo (zhång here is a MW)to extend, stretch, open zhångchapter, section, regulations, rules zhångseal, stamp zhångto be sanctified zhång xiçnwêi shìngoctopus zhångyö (MW is [yð]tiæo)a felt-tipped pen zhåntòubïsticky zhånzhùde



to receive, serve, entertain (visitors) zhåodèireception, welcoming party zhåodèihuðhostel, guesthouse zhåodèisøoto hail, greet, say hi; to proclaim, inform, call zhåohuto call out hello [to someone] [gén móurên] dç zhåohusignboard zhåopæito wave zhåoshóuto deep-fry zhæbrake zhæto succeed in … (verb); manage to … (verb) zhæo …to touch; to catch (a sickness), catch (fire) zhæoon fire zhæohuóanxious, concerned, worried zhæojîto blink zhç yçnjínglight, narrow zhçi… (as lamps) …zhçn (MW)that lamp nèzhçn déng (zhçn here is a MW)to show, exhibit, display zhçnchõhead-… (chairman, director, head, chief) … zhçngto form, increase, develop, get, acquire, gain zhçngto grow, get bigger (as a plant) zhçngto increase in level, rise zhçngelder zhçngbìito grow up (through childhood) zhçngdèelders zhçnglçoto master, grasp, control zhçngwôto unfold, open up, develop zhçnkåiexhibition, display, show zhçnlçnexhibition meeting zhçnlçnhuðexhibition hall zhçnlçn'guçnexhibition event zhçnlçnhuðexhibited item, display material zhçnlçnpïnto reveal, expose, uncover, make visible zhçnxièncompletely new, brand new zhçnzínto look for, seek zhçoto give back a balance, give change zhçoto give change zhço qiænsearch; to find zhçodèofinding; to find zhçozhæomarsh zhçozêdð (MW is [yî]kuèi)to burst, explode, blow up; to bomb, blast zhèbomb zhèdèn (MW is [yð]ké )



to destroy zhèdièoto destroy zhèhuïdebt zhèibar (on a window or cage) zhèlanto comprise, constitute, hold, occupy, grab zhènstand (stop or station for buses or trains) zhènto stand zhènto stand up zhèn qilaiengaged (telephone line) zhèn xiènstruggle, fight; to struggle, fight zhèndèobattle zhèndôu10 Chinese feet; 3∙3 metres zhèngbattle zhèngobstruction, hindrance zhèng'èibill zhèngdènhusband zhèngfuto watch out, to be on guard zhènggçng[an] account (bank) [yîge] zhènghù (ge here is a MW)to occupy, take over a place zhènjùto occupy, take over a place zhènlïngtent zhènpengto stand up zhènqilai (See also qïlð!)to defeat, overcome, be victorious, win (war) zhènshìngX beat Y X zhènshìng le Yfighter, soldier, warrior zhènshiplatform zhèntæiengaged (telephone line) zhènxiènto occupy time, space zhènyôngwarfare, war, fighting zhènzhéngtowards, per, according to zhèoto illuminate, put light on, shine on zhèoto reflect, view a reflection, take (photos) zhèoto take a photograph of … gëi … zhèo yðzhång xièngin the normal way, as done usually zhèochængto find zhçodèoto tend, look after, care for, consider zhèogucreature zhèogùto take care of zhèoguçnto call, summon zhèojiènto convene, hold (a meeting, conference) zhèokåito tend, look after, care for, keep watching zhèokènto babysit zhèokèn hæizi



picture, photograph zhèopièn (MW is [yð]zhång)to take a photograph, have a picture taken zhèoxièngcamera zhèoxièngjímiracle zhèozhe

true, genuine, real; truly, really zhénhow unfortunate! (“bad luck!”) zhén dçomêiwhat a real shame! zhén diõliçn!pin, needle, stitch, injection zhéntreasure zhénbçotruly zhénchêngdehow unfortunate! (“bad luck!”) zhén dçomêitruly, really (in fact) zhéndetruly? really (in fact)? zhénde ma?to be aimed at, directed against zhénduðtaking into account, in the light of , per zhénduðto dispute, fight over, compete, argue [about] zhéngto open (eyes) zhéngsign; symptom biåo zhéngsign; symptom zhéng xièngnormal, natural zhéngchænga quarrel, argument; to argue, quarrel zhéngchçosteamed zhéngdeto open one's eyes zhéngkåi yçnjíngdistilled water zhéngliöshuïdebate, argument; to debate, contest, argue zhénglùnsteam zhéngqðto strive, win by fighting, gain zhéngqøto persuade, win over zhéngqøto seek advice, consult, solicit opinions zhéngqiöprecious, valuable zhén'guð; bçoguðmonth 1 of the lunar year zhéngyuìacupuncture zhénjiøfungus zhénjõna truth; truth (considered abstractly) zhénlïtrue face; true character zhénmiènmùthe truth zhénshîdetective zhéntènprivate detective síjiå zhéntènthe truth zhénxiång; zhénshîtrue, genuine zhénzhìngpearl zhénzhõ; zhìnzhu (MW is [yð]ké )



hazelnut zhénzito fold, bend zhêto fold zhêdiêto snap, break zhêduènbroken (bones, etc.) zhêduènlephilosophy zhêxuêphilosopher, expert in philosophy zhêxuêjiåentire, complete, whole zhëngon the dot, punctually, sharp, exact[ly] (time) zhëngentire, whole zhënggì; zhëng geto be complete, be whole zhëng gethe whole week [thorough] zhënggì xíngqí [dñu]neat, tidy (clothing, things in a room) zhëngjiêto neaten, arrange, tidy up, put in order zhënglïneat, tidy, in proper order (objects) zhëngqîon the whole zhëngtï læi kènall day zhëngtiånclinic (available to the public) zhënsuópillow zhëntouthis (pronoun) zhì; zhìithis [one] (pronoun) zhì; zhìi (followed by a measure word)this side, over this side, over here zhìbiånthis [one] (pronoun, emphasized) zhìgìthis … zhìge …this [one] (pronoun) zhìi; zhì (followed by a measure word)this time of the end; these last days zhìiduèn zuðhôu de rðzithese zhìixié; zhìxié[located] here [zèi] zhìlïso (to such an extent); by this means, thus zhìme (See also: nème)so expensive zhìme gui… (as brief events or conditions) … zhìn (MW)a burst of rain yðzhìn dè yø (zhìn here is a MW)town zhìnstraight, right, upright, correct side up (or out) zhìngmain, chief zhìngon the dot, punctual, sharp, exact (time) zhìngjust now, punctually, exactly (time) zhìngto make, earn zhìngto be busy or occupied (doing) … zhìng mæng …main course zhìngcånpolicy zhìngcìnormal zhìngchæng



normally zhìngchængdejust at the moment when, just when zhìngdångpolitical party zhìngdçngsquare (in shape) zhìngfångxînggovernment zhìngføjust right (correct amount) zhìnghçoto happen to, chance to, by chance zhìnghçopolitician zhìngjiìevidence, proof; support for belief; basis zhìngjùpolitician (derogeratorily) zhìngkìproof, certification, documentation, evidence zhìngmîngto prove, certify zhìngmîngjust at the right time, it just happens zhìngqiçopolitical power, regime, power of the state zhìngquænwhat is right; right, correct zhìngquìwitness zhìngrênto prove zhìngshîofficial, formal, regular; officially, formally zhìngshð[de]certificate zhìngshõmidday zhìngwøat midday zèi zhìngwøjust about to, on the point of zhìngyèorighteousness, justice; just, righteous zhìngyðperfect zhìngyðat this moment in the middle of X (a process) zhìngzèito be doing X (X is a process) zhìngzèito be in the process of … zhìngzèi …politics, state affairs; political zhìngzhðpolitical zhìngzhð depolitical zhìngzhð shang depolitician, statesman zhìngzhðjiåcalm (attitude) zhìnjðngshower (rain) zhìnyøpearl zhìnzhu; zhénzhõ[located] here, this place, hither [zèi] zhìrsugarcane zhìtængthese; these … zhìxié; zhìxié …in this way, thus; this manner of, so zhìyèngsuch zhìyèngdeX-ing; continuing to X (X is a verb) X zhe

… ( as stick-shaped things, cigarettes, pens) …zhí (MW)



three cats sånzhí måo (zhí here is a MW)… ( as musical compositions, songs, teams) …zhí (MW)a song yðzhí gé (zhí here is a MW)… ( as part of a pair, boats, certain animals) …zhí (MW)an eye yðzhí yçnjíngto knit, weave, spin zhíbranch zhí… ( as stick-shaped things, rifles, roses, etc.) …zhí (MW)support, to support, back up zhíchîto know (facts); notice zhídao; (zhídèo)payment zhífùafter…, later; behind … … zhíhôuamong …, between… … zhíjiånnail (on finger or toe) zhíjiçnailpolish zhíjiåyòuconscious zhíjuê“conscious of nothing” “hæowö zhíjuê”branch (of a river) zhíliö (MW is [yð]tiæo )sesame seeds zhímæanonymous bù zhímîngcheque, check zhípièobefore[hand] …, prior to …; in front of … … zhíqiænabove …, on top of … … zhíshèngprofessional zhíshðknowledge zhíshibelow …, under … … zhíxièaid, assistance, support; to aid, assist, support zhíyuænamong …, amid …, within …, outside … … zhízhñngstraight, linear, frank, straightforward zhîstraight, directly, frankly, straightforwardly zhîstraight line zhî xièncomposer, author zhîbïzhëup to, as far as, until zhîdèostraight (not bent) zhîdeto be worth …, to be worthwhile zhîdebrother's son; nephew zhî'êrstaff, personnel, workers zhîgñngdirect, frank, straightforward zhîjiédirectly, frankly, straightforwardly zhîjiéexpress (train) zhîkuèibrother's daughter; niece zhînýhelicopter zhîshéng féyí



place (at university, hospital, in a company) zhîwìiflora, vegetation, plant zhîwùbotanic gardens zhîwùyuænoccupation, profession (not unpaid amateur) zhîyìstaff member, office worker zhîyuæntask, job assignment zhîzepermit, license zhîzhèobrother's son; nephew zhîziend, maximum extent, terminus, to stop zhïas the limit, at the latest wêizhïonly, just, merely zhïpaper (writing paper, drawing paper) zhïa sheet of paper (to write on) yðzhång zhïfinger; to refer to, point to[ward], point at zhïin relation to, regarding zhïnote (money) zhïbð (MW is [yð]zhång)compass zhïnånzhénonly (need or cost) zhï yèoto point out, indicate zhïchõguidance, direction, advice, counsel zhïdçoto guide, direct, advise, counsel zhïdçoadvisor, supervisor zhïdço lçoshíto just have to, can only, have only … left to zhïhçoconductor (orchestra) zhïhuíto direct, conduct, command zhïhuílimit of ability zhïnêngplaying card zhïpæi (MW is [yð]zhån)only, just, merely; sole; however, but zhïshðinstructions, directive; to instruct, direct zhïshðto indicate, point out zhïshðpaintkiller zhïtôngyèoto subdue zhïxíprovided, so long as … then … zhïyèo … jiù …only (need or cost) zhï yèowill, wish, purpose zhïyðonly; unless, only if, only by zhïyóuhonest-hearted zhïyóu chêngkënto accuse zhïzêto accuse someone of … zhïzê móurên …sheet (of paper) zhðzhångDo-it-yourself; D-I-Y zðjï zhðzuôuntil, up to, to zhð



to govern, rule, manage zhðto control, bring under control, treat, cure zhðto conceive a scheme, devise a solution zhðto grill zhðto be on duty zhðbånbrake zhðdongqðsystem zhðdùsovereign zhðgåo-zhøzçicure zhðhçowise zhðhuðup to now, so far, thus far, until now zhðjínmedical treatment; to treat, cure, heal zhðliçoquality (extent of goodness) zhðlièngdeadly zhðmðng deleast, at least zhðshçosequence, order, serial arrangement zhðxùas to, as regards, as for zhðyöwouldn't favour, would not go as far as to zhðyöto make, create, produce, manufacture zhðzèoto fabricate, invent, make up (a rumour, lie) zhðzèooptician (maker of spectacles) yçnjðng zhðzhèozhëto prevent, hinder, obstruct, stop zhðzhï

centre, middle, core; in, amid, among zhñngChina (colloquially) Zhñng[guò]Chinese, mid-, middle, medium, intermediate zhñngbell, clock, clock time zhñngthree o'clock sån diçn zhñngthree minutes sån fén zhñngclock, timepieces, clocks and watches zhñngbiçoChinese food Zhñngcånloyal zhñngchêngmedium, average, mean zhñngdëngend [point] zhñngdiçnto interrupt (arrest continuity of flow) zhñngduènadvice, counsel zhñnggèoChina ZhñngguòChinatown ZhñngguòchêngChinese (things in general) ZhñngguòdeChinese language (spoken) ZhñngguòhuèChinese (person) Zhñngguòrênthe Republic of China Zhñnghuæ Mîn'guò



the People's Republic of China Zhñnghuæ Rênmîn Gônghêguòcentre, middle, core; amid, between, amongst zhñngjiånneutral (not sidingwith any party) zhñnglðneutral country zhñnglð guòmiddle-aged zhñngniænloyal zhñngpöMoon Festival mid-autumn Zhñngqiõjiêloyal zhñngshîChinese style Zhñngshðhour zhñngtòuChinese (language, especially written) Zhñngwênnoon, midday, afternoon zhñngwøheart, core, centre zhñngxínfaithful; loyal zhñngxínneutral (chemically or electrically) zhñngxðngmiddle school, secondary school, high school zhñngxuêmiddle, secondary, high schoolchild zhñngxuêshéng (See also: xiçoxuêshéng)middle, centre; central, middle zhñngyångChinese medicine (remedy or drug) ZhñngyèoChinese medicine field; traditional doctor Zhñngyífaithful; integrity keeper zhñngyðto stick to zhñngyöfinally, eventually, in the end, at last zhñngyöChinese (language, especially spoken) Zhñngyøloyalty zhñngzhén-bùyöto end, finish, terminate, stop, come to an end zhñngzhïconnection (transport services) zhñngzhuçnzhèncontinent zhñuconsiderate, thoughtful zhñudèoweekend zhñumôenvironment, surrounding; circumference zhñuwêi… (kinds of, types of, sorts of) …zhóng (MW)three sorts of clothes sånzhóng yífu (zhóng here is a MW)type, seed; kind, species, breed, ethnic group zhóngnature, kind, sort (of matter) zhóngforeign languages zhóng wèiyøtype, kind, sort zhónglìiforeign languages zhóng wèiyøracism zhóngzö qîshðracism zhóngzö zhøyðseed zhóngzielbow zhóu



to sow, plant, cultivate zhôngweight; weighty, serious, important, heavy zhôngof great weight, very important, great zhôngdèmain point, point being emphasized zhôngdiçnpriority, main focus of attention zhôngdiçnharm through poisoning zhôngdöweight zhônglièngto regard as important, value, view seriously zhôngshðsignificant, important, major zhôngyèoto cultivate, grow zhôngzhîfrown zhôumêiweekend zhñumômigraine zhñuqíxðng piåntòutôngsurroundings zhñuwìi de shðwù

pig, hog zhõjewelry zhõbçopork zhõrôugradually, step, by step zhöbùgradually zhöjièn[de]bamboo zhözito cook, boil zhølord zhømain course (meal) zhø cèiLord's Day zhø de rðziboiled egg zhø jídènwell-done, well-cooked zhødetôudeinitiative; to take the initiative zhødôngboiled zhøfìilesubjective zhøguånmain computer zhøjíaccurate; certainly, accurately zhønto allow, permit zhønpreparation, readying zhønbìito prepare, ready, get ready, plan, intend zhønbìiprepared, ready zhønbìihço[le]exact, precise, accurate zhønquìpunctual, on time zhønshîto allow, permit zhønxøowner, host, hostess zhørêndirector; person responsible zhørìncooked zhøshòule



theme zhøtîchair, chairman, chairperson zhøxîchief, main, principal, most important zhøyèochiefly, mainly, principally, most importantly zhøyèodedoctrine, -ism zhøyðidea, scheme, plan, decision zhøyðsuggestion, proposal zhøzhångto suggest, propose, support, advocate zhøzhångto live, stay, reside [at] zhù [zèi]to come to a stop in doing X (X is a verb) X zhùto grasp in doing X (X is a verb) X zhùto wish [you], to give wishes zhù [nï]stake, pole, post, column zhùto be based in … chæng zhù [zèi] …best wishes zhù hço“good luck!” zhù nï hçoyùnto be based in … (location) chæng zhù [zèi] …[to look for] accommodation [zhço] zhùchùto check in (for transport service) zhùdiènchecking in procedures zhùdièn shóuxùto congratulate zhùhì“Congratulations!” zhùhì nïteaching assistant zhùjièoto be admitted to hospital zhùjðn yíyuènwell-known, famous, renowned, prominent zhùmînginjection zhùrùinjection zhùshìjðnote, comment (to explain part of a text) zhùshðassistant zhùshóuaccommodation, rooming zhùsùto be careful of, pay attention to zhùyðto take note of, to notice, observe zhùyðlook out! zhùyð!to be in hospital, be hospitalized zhùyuènhousing estate, housing development zhùzhæi qõaddress zhùzhïworks, writings zhùzuôto get hold of, grasp, seize, catch, arrest, mark zhuåto use wisely, watch carefully, hold firmly zhuåjïnbrick zhuånclothing, dress, outfit zhuångto fit, install, pack, load, pretend, play a role zhuång



to load up zhuånghuôto pack in … bç … zhuångjðnharvest zhuångjiato fill zhuångmçnto assemble, to put together zhuångpìito decorate zhuångshðornament, decoration zhuångshðpïndignified, stately, solemn zhuångyænload (amount carried in one go) zhuångzèilièngexpert, specialist zhuånjiåspeciality; special, specialized zhuånkéspecial, specialized zhuånmênwatchful, fully attentive, concentrating totally zhuånxínattentively, fully focussed zhuånxínprofession, field of specialization, speciality zhuånyìprofessional zhuånyì defull-time zhuånzhêfull-time work zhuånzhê gñngzuôto hold, grasp zhuåzhùto change, turn, shift, turn around zhuçnto transfer, forward, (to another phone) zhuçnto change, turn, transform zhuçnbiènto change (vehicles on a journey) zhuçnchéto pass on (a message), forward zhuçn'gèobend, curve zhuçnwånsharp bend, curve jî zhuçnwåna paw zhuçzi (MW is [yð]zhî )to go around, revolve, rotate, stroll about zhuènto collide, knock into, bump into zhuèngcrashed vehicle zhuèngchédamage[d] zhuènghuèi [le]crop, crops zhuèngjiacondition, situation, circumstances zhuèngkuèngstout zhuèngshîcondition, circumstances, appearance, status zhuèngtèito make money (through dealings) zhuènqiænto pursue, follow, chase zhuíto pursue, seek, court, woo zhuíqiöto play around, play chase zhuíqiö xiçngshôuto follow zhuísuîto arrest, seize, grasp zhuñtablecloth zhuñbù



to play tricks on … zhuñnông …[a] table [yðzhång] zhuñzi (zhång is a MW)to land (plane touching down) zhuòlù

qualification zígêqualified yóu zígê deinformation, facts, data zílièoresources, wherewithall, natural resources zíyuængesture, position, posture zíshðpurple zïbullet zïdèn (MW is [yð]ké )uterus zïgñngcitizen; subject; people zïmînsons and daughters, children zïnýpurple zïsìcopper zïtòngattentive to detail, meticulous zïxðcarefully, in detail, meticulously zïxðown self; oneself, one's own zðfrom, since; as, since zðcharacter (in Chinese writing); word zðfrom, since; since, ever since zðsince X on (X is a particular time) zðcòng X yïhôuever since X (X is a particular event) zðcòng X yïlæidictionary zðdiçnautomatic, self-motivated, voluntary zðdôngautomatically, of own initiative, voluntarily zðdôngself-funded, at one's own expense zðfìipride zðhæoown; self; oneself zðjïindependent, free, on one's own zðjïDo-it-yourself; D-I-Y zðjï zhðzuôpersonal, own zðjïde; zðjï deconscientious, conscious, aware zðjuêconscientiously, consciously, alertly zðjuêtap water, running water zðlæishuïletter, character, letter of an alphabet zðmønature; natural; of course, naturally zðrænscenery zðræn féngjïngnatural resources zðræn zíyuænnatural zðrændenature zðrænjiì



own support zðshî-qîlðselfish zðsíoneself; self; self- zðwóto introduce oneself zðwó jiìshèoself-sacrifice zðwó xíshéngbike, bicycle zðxîngchébicycle lane zðxîngché dèoteach yourself, self-study, study alone zðxuêfreedom, liberty; free, unrestrained, liberated zðyòufree, liberated, independent zðyòudevoluntary, of one's own volition zðyuènself-esteem, self-respect zðzõnpride, self-respect zðzõnxín

overall, comprehensive, all-embracing zñnghêreligion zñngjièoto summarize, synthesize zònghêbrown zòngsìalways, in all cases, inevitably, anyway zóngmain, chief, master; general, total zóngto number, amount to zóngjðreport, summary; to report, summarize zóngjiêprime minister, premier zónglïall the time, always, in all situations zóngshðpresident (of a republic) zóngtóngto leave, depart; to go, walk; to function, tick zóuleaving, to ‘be off’ zóuto achieve by going via the back door zóu hôumênto walk; going on foot zóu [lù]path, footway, walkway zóudèowalking zóudêdèo de jùlîto walk past zóuguôqupassageway, passage, corridor zóulængto walk; going on foot zóulùto smuggle (transacting illegal goods) zóuzíalcohol abuse zôngjiøalways zôngshð

to hire, rent, charter; to hire out, rent out, let zõhi-fi zõhê yínxiçng (MW is [yî]tièo)to honour, respect, esteem zõnjðnghonourable, esteemed, distinguished zõnjðng



to comply with; obey, observe, follow zõnshóuto obey the law zõnshóu fçlþrespect zõnyænto follow, obey zõnzhèorespect; to respect, honour, esteem zõnzhôngenough zögôufootball, soccer zöqiögroup zøto hinder zø'èipaternal grandfather zøfùpaternal grandparents zøfùmøhomeland, native land, motherland, fatherland zøguòpaternal grandmother zømøto block a road zøsåipredecessors, ancestors, forefathers zøxiånorganization; to organize zøzhíto organize (make into an organized unit) zøzhíto prevent, stop, hinder, obstruct zøzhïto put together, assemble zøzhuångforefathers zøzongto enter, bore, drill, auger zuånto study intensively, drill zuåndrill, drillbit zuåntôuto drill a hole through … zuåntôu …diamond zuènshîmouth zuïlips zuïchön[the] most …; most zuð …suffering, hardship, pain, guilt, crime zuðto endure suffering, go through a tough time shôu zuðintoxicated, drunk, inebriated zuð; hézuðthe most …; (e.g. maximum, minimum) zuð … (… has to suit the detail)at the latest zuð chîthe maximum, the greatest zuð dèthe maximum volume zuð dè kñngjiånthe maximum amount zuð dè lièngthe minimum, the lowest zuð díthe minimum speed, the lowest speed zuð dí sùduthe maximum, the highest zuð gåothe maximum speed zuð gåo sùduthe maximum temperature zuð gåo wéndùbest, the best zuð hço [de]



eldest zuð niænzhçng deleast costly (most cheap) zuð piænyi deleast difficult (most easy) zuð ròngyi dethe minimum amount zuð shço liènglatest, up-to-date zuð xínlatest news zuð xín xiåoxithe minimum volume zuð xiço kñngjiånthe minimum amount [of …] zuð xiço […] lièngthe minimum amount zuð xiço lièngoriginal (first) zuð zço deinitial, first; initially, at first, in the beginning zuðchõoriginal (first) zuðchõde; zuðchõ dethe most … [of] zuðduñcriminal zuðfènmaximum price zuðgåo jiågêbest; ought really, had better, should zuðhçofinal, last zuðhôufinally, ultimately, eventually zuðhôudeclimax zuðhôu jiéduènworst zuðhuèiderecent, last; recently, lately zuðjðncoming, next; soon, in the near future zuðjðnsinner zuðrênthe smallest quantity zuðshçocrime zuðxîngyesterday zuòtiånlast night zuòwçnleft (not right); left side, left-hand, left-wing zuóleft side, left-hand side zuóbianleft-hand zuóshóuapproximately …, about …, … or so … zuóyôuabout twelve o'clock shî'êr diçn zuóyôuto do, make, compose, create, write zuôto be, become, act as, function as; treat as zuôto sit, ride on, travel on, go by zuô… (as built things, mountains) …-zuô (MW)four palaces sðzuô gñngdièn (zuô here is a MW)place to sit, seat; to sit zuôto do, be busy in, engaged in zuôto manufacture, produce, make create zuôto cook, prepare [food] zuôto act as, have the role as, become, work as zuô



to serve as, to be used as zuôto make love zuô èito daydream zuô bæirðmìngto make a report zuô bèogèoto take the car zuô chéto cook zuô [fèn]to go by plane zuô féijíto go by train zuô huóchébear witness zuô jiènzhìngto be a guest zuô kìto take the bus zuô qðchéto do chigong zuô qðgñngto compose a musical piece zuô qøto operate on … gëi … zuô shóushùto have an operation zuô shóushù (See also: kåidåo)to operate on … gëi … zuô shóushùto make love zuô'èito cook zuôcèito take the car zuôchéto make an attempt, make the effort zuôchõ nølðWell done! zuôde hço!method, way of doing things, practice zuôfçto cook zuôfènto have done something already zuôguoready, prepared, all set zuôhço zhønbeidone (been finished) zuôhçolewriter zuôjiåto be a guest zuôkìto dream, have a dream zuômìngoak (timber) zuômùartistic work, literary piece zuôpïndiscussion; to discuss zuôtændiscussion, forum, symposium zuôtænhuðto finish doing, complete zuòwènto rule zuôwængaction, deed, conduct; to function as, use as zuôwêias, being zuôwêiessay, composition, writings zuôwênplace to sit, seat, allocated place zuôwìito sit zuôxiè; zuôxiato sit down zuôxièlaihomework, school task, assignment zuôyì



function, purpose, role, effect, action zuôyôngto perform a small role qï dè de zuôyôngwriter, author zuôzhë

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Pinyin Dictionary m to e a5c1