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Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering

Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

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Page 1: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Pinhole Camera

Mrs. Doering

Page 2: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

ContentsPhoto Gallery 3

Introduction 4

Objectives 5

Vocabulary 6

History of Pinhole Cameras 7

What is a Pinhole Camera? 8

Making a Pinhole Camera 9 Supplies 9 Precutting Matt Board 10 The Removable Camera Back

11 The Front of the Camera 12 The Box of the Camera 13-14 Taping the Box of the Camera

15 Drill the Pinhole/Aperture 16 Attach the Pinhole to the

Camera 17Taking Pictures with a Pinhole

Camera 18Exposure Table 19Glossary 20

Page 3: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Pinhole Camera Gallery

Oatmeal Box Pinhole Camera Photos by Stewart L. Woodruff

Page 4: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

IntroductionHow does a tiny hole make a picture? As you learn about pinhole cameras, you will understand how it is possible to make a picture from a tiny hole. Not only will you learn about the pinhole camera, you will be given instructions on making your own pinhole camera.

Page 5: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

What will you learn? What is a pinhole camera? The history of pinhole cameras. How to construct a pinhole camera. Creating a negative on photographic paper.

Page 6: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

VocabularyAperture

Brass shim stock

Emery Paper

Foam Core

Paper Negative

Photographic Paper

Pierced

Pinhole Camera

Shutter

Page 7: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

History of Pinhole Cameras“The first photograph taken with a pinhole camera was the work of Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster back in 1850, the technique became more established in photography during the late 19th century when it was noted for the soft outlines it produced, as opposed to lenses generating perfect, sharp images. The pinhole camera was later abandoned and it wasn't until the end of the 1960s that several artists began using it in their experiments, thus awakening renewed interest in this simple photographic apparatus which endures to this day” (Summarized from Pinhole Photography, Rediscovering a Historic Technique, Focal Press 1995, by David Balihar ).

Page 8: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

What is a Pinhole Camera?A camera without a lens which uses a very small hole pierced in one end to allow light to pass through. An upside down image is formed on the back of the camera which can be covered with photography paper or film.

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Light rays from an object passes through a small hole to form an image.

Page 9: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Making a Pinhole CameraTo make a pinhole camera you will need the following supplies:

Matt board, black on one side Brass shim stock 10mm pin Pencil Emery paper Electrical tape Utility knife Foamcore Mrs. Doering’s First

Pinhole Camera

Page 10: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Precutting Matt BoardThe black side of the matt board will be the inside of the camera to prevent light from being scattered. Cutting accuracy is important.

Cut the following sizes from you matt board:Three 4” x 5” rectangles

Two 5” x 5” squares

One 5” x 6” rectangle

Two 1” x 5” strips

Two 1” x 4” strips

Page 11: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

The Removable Camera Back

The removable back is constructed from the 5” x 6” rectangle and the 1” strips.Centered on the back (black side), trace a 4” x 5” rectangle. Lay the edges of the 1” strips against these lines and tape them with small pieces of electrical tape. Fold the strips up and tape the corners by folding the tape in half with the sticky side out and pressing tightly into the inside corners.Tape all the seams to make them light tight.

1” Strips(Gray)

Black Electrical

Tape

5” x 6

Recta

ngle

Fold the strips up and tape.

Page 12: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

The Front of the CameraIn the center of a 4” x 5” rectangle cut a small ¼” x ½” rectangle with the utility knife.You will complete your aperture later.

Cut Opening in Center

Page 13: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

The Box of the CameraLay the front of the camera, black side up, with the two other 4” x 5” rectangles in a line with the 4” edges touching.Next lay the 5” x 5” squares next to the center 4” x 5” rectangle, forming a cross.Tape the seams together.

5” x 5”Rectangl

e

4” x 5”Rectangl

e

Black

Elect

rical

Tape

Page 14: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

The Box of the CameraFold the sides up.Put the back of the camera inside.Put a rubber band around the camera so it holds together tightly.Put a few small pieces of tape to hold it together.

Back inside camera sides

Small pieces of tape to temporarily hold it together

Rubber band to hold sides to back for a tight fit

Sides folded up to make the box

Page 15: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Taping the Box of the Camera

Tape the inside and outside seams of the camera.The corners are made by using a strip of tape slightly longer than the seam.Split the tape where it extends beyond the seam.Fold one part of the tape in one direction and the other part in the other direction to form a tight corner.

Split the tape at the corner and fold along edge of box

Page 16: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Drilling the Pinhole/AperturePlace a one inch square of brass shim stock on top of a piece of foamcore.Stick the eye of a 10mm needle into the pencil’s eraser.Using slight pressure and rotating back and forth, drill a hole in the brass. The rotating will keep the hole smooth.With a piece of fine emery paper, polish off the hole so there are not any rough edges.

Brass10mm Needle

Foamcore

PencilSpin the pencil while pushing down firmly but gently

Page 17: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Attach the Pinhole to the Camera

Place the brass pinhole/aperture over the open rectangle on the outside of the camera front.Using electrical tape, attach the brass pinhole/aperture securely. Make sure the pinhole is visible through the opening.For a shutter, take a piece of tape and cover the hole.

Page 18: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Taking Pictures with a Pinhole Camera

In the dark room, tape photographic paper to the inside, back cover.Go outside and aim your pinhole at the object you would like to photograph, securing your camera by setting it on something.Open the shutter by pulling down the tape covering the pinhole/aperture.Following the exposure table in the next slide, count the number of seconds you need the aperture to receive light.Close the shutter.Remove the photographic paper in the dark room and develop the paper negative.

Page 19: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Exposure TableAdjustments should be made depending on the light or darkness of the scene. For example, a person with a very light complexion in a white shirt will require less exposure, or an arrangement of bushes with green leaves would require longer exposure for any given level of illumination.

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Extremely bright scenes in full sun, such as those containing much sand or snow.

15 seconds

Bright or Hazy Sun(Distant Shadows)

30 seconds

Cloudy Bright(No Shadows)

60 seconds

Overcast Two minutes

Heavy Overcast or in open shade on a sunny day

Four minutes

Page 20: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Glossaryaperture a hole or an opening through which light is admittedbrass shim stock a very thin piece of brass to use as the aperture emery paper an abrasive paper used for sandingfoamcore lightweight material made of three layers – tag board, foam, tag boardpaper negative uses photography paper to create a reversed image which light areas appear dark and dark areas appear lightpierce to make a hole throughphotographic paper is paper coated with light sensitive chemicalspinhole camera a camera that uses a pinhole instead of a lensshutter is like a door that opens and closes to let light through the aperture for a determined period of time

Page 21: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Self Evaluation

Fill in the Steps-in-Process Chart

PrecutMatt Board

Take picturesusing

Exposure Table

Page 22: Pinhole Camera Mrs. Doering. Contents Photo Gallery 33 Introduction 44 Objectives 55 Vocabulary 66 History of Pinhole Cameras 77 What is a Pinhole Camera?

Self Evaluation Answers

How did you do?

Precutmatt board

Constructcamera back

Cut hole foraperture

Constructcamera box

Tape box toprevent lightfrom entering

Drill pinholeand attachto camera

Make shutter

TapephotographicPaper to back

of camera

Take picturesusing

Exposure Table