pilotguide.pdf

G N S 4 3 0

P i l o t s G u i d e a n d R e f e r e n c e

INTRODUCTIONForeword

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This manual is written for Main System Software version 2.0 or above, and is notsuitable for earlier software versions.

GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USATel: 913-397-8200 Fax: 913-397-8282

GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S0519AQ, UK Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3F, No. 1, Lane 45, Pao Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.Tel: 011-886-02-2917-4107 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

1998 GARMIN Corporation. All rights reserved. Except as expressly providedherein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminat-ed, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without theexpress prior written consent of GARMIN Corporation. GARMIN Corporationhereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revi-sion to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to beviewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided thatsuch electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the com-plete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized com-mercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content ofthis material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changesor improvements.

December 1998 190-00140-00 Rev. A

GARMIN, GNS 430, SpellNFind,AutoLocate, PhaseTrac12 and AutoStore aretrademarks of GARMIN and may only be usedwith permission.

NavData is a registered trademark ofJeppesen, Inc.

PROCEDURESApproach Examples5 CAUTION

The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government,which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subjectto changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment.Although the GARMIN GNS 430 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID(NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore becomeunsafe.

Use the GNS 430 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owners Manual and the FlightManual Supplement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use.When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GNS 430 to all avail-able navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visualsightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuingnavigation.

The altitude calculated by the GNS 430 is geometric height above mean sealevel and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters inaircraft. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GNS 430 must be updated regularlyin order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28days. A database information packet is included in your GNS 430 package.

Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.ii

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of theFCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equip-ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre-quency energy and, if not installed and used inaccordance with the instructions, may cause harm-ful interference to radio communications.Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interfer-ence will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interfer-ence, the user is encouraged to try to correct theinterference by relocating the equipment or connect-ing the equipment to a different circuit than theaffected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer orother qualified avionics technician for additional helpif these remedies do not correct the problem.

Operation of this device is subject to the follow-ing conditions: (1) This device may not cause harm-ful interference, and (2) this device must acceptany interference received, including interferencethat may cause undesired operation.

The GARMIN GNS 430 does not contain anyuser-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be madeby an authorized GARMIN service center.Unauthorized repairs or modifications could voidyour warranty and authority to operate this deviceunder Part 15 regulations.

INTRODUCTIONCautions

INTRODUCTIONAccessories and

Packing List

Accessories & Packing ListCongratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced panel mount IFR

navigation/communication system available. The GNS 430 represents GARMINscommitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs.

Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that yourpackage includes the following items. If any parts are missing or damaged, pleasesee your GARMIN dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

GNS 430 Unit & NavData Card GPS Antenna Installation Rack & Connectors Pilots Guide & Quick Reference Guide Database Subscription Packet Warranty Registration Card

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To obtain accessories for your GNS 430,please contact your GARMIN dealer.

PROCEDURESApproach Examples5INTRODUCTIONWarranty

GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfac-tion as a customer. If you have any questionsregarding the GNS 430, please contact ourcustomer service department at:

GARMIN International, Inc.1200 East 151st StreetOlathe, KS 66062-3426(913) 397-8200FAX (913) 397-8282

To obtain warranty service, call the GARMINCustomer Service department for a returnedmerchandise tracking number. The unit shouldbe securely packaged with the tracking num-ber clearly marked on the outside of the pack-age, and sent freight prepaid and insured to aGARMIN warranty service station. A copy ofthe original sales receipt is required as proofof purchase for warranty repairs. GARMINretains the exclusive right to repair or replacethe unit or software or offer a full refund ofthe purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCHREMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE ANDEXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACHOF WARRANTY.

GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in materialsand workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN will, at its soleoption, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs orreplacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The cus-tomer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This warranty does notcover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE, AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATU-TORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGALRIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHERRESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOTALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

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INTRODUCTIONTable of Contents

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iCautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiAccessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiWarranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivTable of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-viTakeoff Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-18

PART TWO: REFERENCE

Section 1: Communicating with the GNS 430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19COM and VLOC frequenciesActive and standby frequencies

Section 2: NAV Page Group (GPS navigation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Using page groups and selecting the desired pageUsing the default NAV and map pages

Section 3: Direct-to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Using the D key

Section 4: Flight Plans (F key and FPL page group) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Creating and using flight plansRetrieving and editing stored flight plans

Section 5: Approaches, Departures and Arrivals (P key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Selecting and flying non-precision/precision approachesSelecting and using departures (SIDs) and arrivals (STARs) v

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL

A circled number (e.g.,) will appear nextto many of the illustrations shown along theside of a page. This number refers back to a specific step on the same page (or in rareinstances, to a step on the following page).

When more than one option is possible withina procedure, the procedures are describedusing an a/b convention with the samenumbering (e.g., 3a and 3b for two step#3options). This same convention is used whenmultiple procedures are listed on the samepage and illustrations are provided for thesteps described in one or both procedures(e.g.,a and b).

A highlighted NOTE area appears on manypages to point out additional information oritems of particular importance related to agiven subject.

PROCEDURESApproach Examples5INTRODUCTIONTable of Contents

Section 6: WPT Page Group (Waypoint/database information) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Finding and viewing airport location, runway and frequency dataFinding and viewing navaid informationCreating user-defined waypoints

Section 7: NRST Page Group (Nearest airports, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Viewing nearest listings for airports, navaids and airspacesDisplaying frequencies for nearest flight service (FSS) and center

Section 8: VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations . . . . . . . . . 121

Section 9: AUX page group (Flight Planning and Unit Settings) . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Section 10: Messages, Abbreviations & Navigation Terminology . . . . . . . . . . .148

Appendix A: NavData Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Appendix B: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Appendix C: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Appendix D: Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

Appendix E: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

vi

To quickly and easily locate information on specific tasks, please refer to the Indexon page 171.

TAKEOFF TOURKey and Knob

Functions

Key and Knob FunctionsThe GNS 430 is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and

knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primaryfunction(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide abrief overview of the primary functions of your GNS 430. Experiment with the unitand refer to the Reference sections for more information.

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

The COM power/volume knob controls unit power and communicationsradio volume. Press momentarily to disable automatic squelch control.

The VLOC volume knob controls audio volume for the selected VOR/Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to enable/disable the ident tone.

The large left knob (COM/VLOC) is used to tune the megahertz (MHz) value of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by thetuning cursor.

The small left knob (COM/VLOC) is used to tune the kilohertz (kHz)value of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver(COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by thetuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily to toggle the tuning cursorbetween the COM and VLOC frequency fields.

The COM flip-flop key is used the swap the active and standby COMfrequencies. Press and hold to select emergency channel (121.500 MHz).

The VLOC flip-flop key is used to swap the active and standby VLOCfrequencies (i.e., make the selected standby frequency active). 1

h

f

W

V

k

j

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

PROCEDURESApproach Examples5

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

The range key allows you to select the desired map scale. Use the uparrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow sideto zoom in to a smaller area.

The direct-to key provides access to the direct-to function, which allowsyou to enter a destination waypoint and estabishes a direct course to theselected destination. See Section 3.

The menu key displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows you to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page.

The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry. Press andhold this key to immediately display the Default Navigation Page (seepages 10 and 26), regardless of which page is currently displayed.

The enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.

The large right knob (CRSR) is used to select between the various pagegroups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled,the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page.

The small right knob (CRSR) is used to select between the various pageswithin one of the groups listed above. Press this knob momentarily todisplay the on-screen cursor. The cursor allows you to enter data and/ormake a selection from a list of options.

2

Data is entered using the large and smallknobs. Experiment with them to become efficient at entering data. This will greatlyreduce the amount of time spent operating the GNS 430 in flight.


Functions

D

m

c

E

d

a

R


FunctionsBottom Row Keys

The CDI key is used to toggle which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) pro-vides output to an external HSI or CDI.

The OBS key is used to select manual or automatic sequencing of waypoints.Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the currentactive to waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the way-point (i.e., prevents sequencing to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS keyagain will return to normal operation, with automatic sequencing of way-points. Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may select the desired courseto/from a waypoint using the external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI.

The message key is used to view system messages and to alert you to impor-tant warnings and requirements. See Sections 10 and 9 for more informationon messages and unit settings.

The flight plan key allows you to create, edit, activate and invert flight plans,as well as access approaches, departures and arrivals. A closest point to flightplan feature is also available from the flight plan key. See Section 4 for moreinformation on flight plans.

The procedures key allows you to select and remove approaches, departuresand arrivals from your flight plan. When using a flight plan, available proce-dures for your departure and/or arrival airport are offered automatically.Otherwise, you may select the desired airport, then the desired procedure. 3

Whenever the GNS 430 is displaying a list ofinformation that is too long for the displayscreen, a scroll bar will appear along theright-hand side of the display. The scroll bargraphically indicates the number of additionalitems available within the selected category.

Simply press the small right knob (a) to acti-vate the cursor and rotate the large right knob(d) to scroll through the list.

C

O

F

M

P

} scroll bar

PROCEDURESApproach Examples5TAKEOFF TOURPower On

The GARMIN GNS 430 is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots withaccurate navigational data and communication capability, along with non-precisionand precision approach certification in the IFR environment. The Takeoff Tour isdesigned to familiarize you with the operation of the GNS 430including power-ing up the unit, changing frequencies, entering data, performing a simple direct-to,selecting IFR procedures and provides a limited introduction to using flight plans.In addition, this section briefly covers the default navigation, map and frequencypages available as part of the NAV page group. These pages will be used for most ofyour in-flight navigation.

The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and antennas have been properlyinstalled and you have not changed any of the GNS 430s default settings. If youhave changed any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure,selectable fields, etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match what you seeon your GNS 430. Prior to using your GNS 430 for the first time, we recommendthat you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so theunit can collect satellite data without interruption.

Powering up the GNS 430

The GNS 430s power and COM volume are controlled using thek (power/volume) knob at the top left corner of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn unitpower on and increase the COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test.

The database confirmation page will appear next, showing the current databaseinformation on the NavData card, with the valid operating dates, cycle number anddatabase type indicated. The database is updated every 28 days, and must be cur-rent for approved instrument approach operations. Information on database sub-scriptions is available inside your GNS 430 package.4

The database confirmation page shows the effective and expiration dates of the Jeppesendatabase on the NavData Card.

The welcome page appears when the GNS430 is turned on. During the time this screenis displayed, the GNS 430 performs a self testto ensure proper operation.

TAKEOFF TOURAcquiring Satellites &

Viewing Messages

To acknowledge the database information:

1. Press the E key.

Once the database has been acknowledged, the satellite status page will appear,and the GNS 430 will begin to collect satellite information. An Acquiring status willbe displayed on the satellite status page, and the signal strength of any satellitesreceived will appear as bar graph readings. This is a good indication that you arereceiving signals and a position fix will be determined. Following the first-time useof your GNS 430, the time required for a position fix will varyusually from one totwo minutes.

If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), theunit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder (if one is connected andworking).

If the GNS 430 has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it mayhave to Search the Sky to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satel-lite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10minutes. The satellite status page will display a Search Sky status, and themessage annunciator (MSG), above the M key, will also flash to alert you of a sys-tem message, Searching the Sky.

To view a system message:

1. Press M.

The message page will appear and display the status or warning informationapplicable to the receivers current operating condition.

To return to the previous page after viewing a message:

1. Press M again.

The satellite status page shows the ID num-bers for the satellites and the relative signalstrength of each satellite received (as a bargraph reading.

Search Sky indicates that satellite almanacdata is not available or has expired (if the unit hasnt been used for six months or more).The data will be recollected from the firstavailable satellite.

The INTEG annunciator (bottom left cornerof the screen) indicates that satellite coverageis insufficient to pass built-in integrity moni-toring tests. In the example above, not enoughsatellites are being received to determine aposition. 5


TAKEOFF TOURSelecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

While the GNS 430 is acquiring a position, lets take a minute to dial in theactive and standby frequencies youll be using for the first phase of your flight. TheGNS 430s display is divided into separate windows (or screen areas), including aCOM window, VLOC window and the GPS window (the right 3/4 of the display).

Pushing the small left knob (v) activates the tuning cursor in the desired fre-quency window. To select the active frequency, you must first enter the frequency inthe standby field, and use the W (or V) key to move it to the active field.

To change the standby communication frequency:

1. Press the small left knob (v), if needed, to move the tuning cursor to the COM window.

2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the MHz, and the small left knob (f) to selectthe kHz of the desired frequency.

To place the standby communication frequency in the active field, press W.

Once youve entered the active frequency, simply repeat steps 1 and 2, above, toenter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have beenentered, you may elect to keep the COM window hot by leaving the cursor on thestandby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing the smallleft knob (v). NOTE: When selecting VLOC frequencies, the tuning cursor willautomatically return to the COM window after 30 seconds of inactivity.6

COM Window

GPS Window

Active Frequency on top &Standby on bottom

(highlighted by cursor)

{{VLOC Window

Satellite status page with cursor active inCOM window.

To switch the active and standby frequencies,press the W key. Switching the active andstandby frequencies will not remove the cur-sor from the COM window.

}

TAKEOFF TOURMap Page

The map page combines a moving map displayand navigation data for complete situationalawareness. Map setup pages are provided todesignate the maximum scale at which eachmap feature will appear. These settings pro-vide an automatic decluttering of the map(based upon your preferences) as you adjustthe scale.

While viewing the map page, you can quicklydeclutter and remove many of the backgroundmap details by pressing the c key (repeat-edly) until the desired detail is depicted.

To change the map scale, press the V or ^side of the R key.

To change the standby VLOC frequency:

1. Press the small left knob (v), if needed, to activate the tuning cursor in the VLOC window.

2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the MHz, and the small left knob (a) to selectthe kHz of the desired frequency.

To place the standby frequency in the active field, press V.

After the GNS 430 acquires satellites and computes a position, the map page willappear automatically.

The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relativeto nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace bound-ariesand your route displayed as a solid line. Data fields for destination waypoint(WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS)appear on the right hand side of the display. These fields are user selectable (seepage 35 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own prefer-ences. Available settings include: altitude, bearing, enroute safe altitude, estimatedtime of arrival, minimum safe altitude, and ground track. See Section 10 for defini-tions of these navigation terms. 7

DataFields

PresentPosition

Map Display

Map Scale

Map PageDesired Track


The map page is one of six pages available under the NAV group:

Default NAV page Map page

NAVCOM page Position page

Satellite status page Vertical navigation page

To select the desired NAV page, rotate the small right knob ( a) until the desiredpage is displayed.

If you are currently viewing a page which is not part of the NAV group, you canquickly return to the NAV group using the c key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold c.

MAIN PAGE GROUPS

In addition to the NAV group of pages, additional groups of pages are available forwaypoint information (WPT), auxiliary (AUX) functions such as flight planning or unitsettings, and listings for nearest (NRST) airports or other facilities.

To select the desired page group, rotate the large right knob (d) until a page fromthe desired group is displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired page is displayed.

8 availablepages (see

list on pg. 14)

6 availablepages (seelist above)

The bottom right corner of the screen indi-cates which page group is currently being dis-played (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number ofscreens available within that group (indicatedby square icons) and the placement of the cur-rent screen within that group (indicated by ahighlighted square icon). To select a differentpage within the group, rotate the small rightknob (a).

TAKEOFF TOURNAV Pages &Page Groups

8

NAV NRST10 availablepages (see

list on pg. 84)

4 availablepages (see list

on pg. 125)

AUXWPT

TAKEOFF TOURPage Groups

9

d(L

arge

rig

ht k

nob

to c

hang

e pa

ge g

roup

s)

(Small right knob to select pages within the group)

a

Default NAV Map NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAV

Airport Location Airport Runway Airport Frequency Airport Approach Airport Arrival Airport Departure Intersection NDB VOR User Waypoint

Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2

Nearest Airport Nearest Intersection Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoint Nearest Center Nearest Flight Service Nearest SUA

NAV Group

WPT Group

AUX Group

NRST Group

Selection of any main page is performed using the large (d) and small (a) right knobs. The large right knob (d) selects the page group: NAV, WPT,AUX or NRST. The small right knob (a) selects the desired page within a group. To quickly select the default NAV page, press and hold c.


The GNS 430 can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoffto touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, theunit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course fromyour present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from anypage with the D (direct-to) key.

To select a direct-to destination:

1. Press the D key. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear with the destinationfield highlighted.

2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint iden-tifier. The destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user way-point, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.

3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to the right to move the cursor to the next characterposition.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.

5. Press E to confirm the identifier. The Activate? function field will be highlighted.

6. Press E to activate a direct-to course to the selected destination.10

Confirm the selected direct-to destination byhighlighting Activate? and pressing E.

TAKEOFF TOURDirect-To Navigation

Activate?Function Field

Select Direct-To Waypoint Page

DestinationWaypoint

Identifier Field

Once a direct-to destination is selected, pressand hold c to display the default NAVpage.

TAKEOFF TOURDefault NAV Page

During most flights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the pri-mary pages used for navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic coursedeviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your flight plan (as defined by the cur-rent from and to waypoints), and six user-selectable data fields. The default set-tings for these fields are distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing towaypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time enroute (ETE). See Section 10 for definitions of these navigation terms. The defaultNAV page is selected using the steps described on page 8.

From the default NAV page, simply rotate the small right knob (a) to display themap page (see page 7) and again to display the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM pagedisplays the available frequencies (communications and navigation) for the departureairport, any en route airports which are included in your flight plan, and the finaldestination airport. When using the direct-to function, frequencies will be listed forthe airport nearest to your starting position and the destination airport.

To display the frequency list for the desired flight plan or direct-to airport:

1. Push the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor on the airport identifier field (in theGPS window).

{continued} 11

Active Leg ofFlight Plan

User-selectable

Data Fields

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

Default NAV Page

The data fields on the default NAV page maybe custom-tailored to your preferences. A menuselection is provided to Change Fields?

The large right knob (d) is used to select thedata field you wish to change. Then use thesmall right knob (a) to display a list of dataoptions and select the desired data item.


2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of airports (departure, arrival and enroute) for your flight plan or direct-to. Continue to rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired airport is selected.

3. Press E to display the frequency list for the selected airport.

A frequency listed on the NAVCOM page can be quickly transferred to thestandby field of the COM or VLOC windows. This time saving process preventshaving to re-key a frequency already displayed elsewhere on the screen.

To select a communication or navigation frequency:

1. Push the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor in the GPS window.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired frequency from the list.

3. Press E to transfer the selected frequency to the standby field in the COM or VLOCwindow. COM frequencies will automatically go to the standby field of the COM windowand navigation frequencies will automatically go to the standby field of the VLOC window,regardless of which window is currently highlighted by the cursor.

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the W or V key.12

TAKEOFF TOURNAVCOM Page

The navigation/communications (NAVCOM)page provides a complete list of airport fre-quencies at your departure, en route andarrival airports. To place a frequency from thislist on standby, highlight the desired frequen-cy and press E.

To display frequencies for a different airportalong your flight plan, press the small rightknob (r) to highlight the airport identifierfield. Rotate the small right knob (a) to dis-play the list of airports within your flight plan.Continue rotating the small right knob (a) toselect the desired airport and press E.

Arrival, Enroute or

Departure Airport

Frequency List

NAVCOM Page

TAKEOFF TOURIFR Procedures

Once the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the whole range of instrumentprocedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precisionand precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available usingthe P (procedures) key.

To display the procedures page, press P.

The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival areidentical. In this introductory section, well show examples of the steps required toselect an approach, but keep in mind the same process also applies to departuresand arrivals.

To select an approach, departure or arrival:

1. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired option (Select Approach?,Select Arrival? or Select Departure?) from the procedures page.

2. Press E to display a list of available procedures for the arrival (when usingapproaches or STARs) or departure (when using SIDs) airport.

3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired procedure and press E.

4. For approaches, a window appears to select the desired initial approach fix (IAF) or pro-vide a vectors option to select just the final course segment of the approach. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired option and press E. (The vectors optionextends the final inbound course beyond the final approach fix, allowing you to interceptthe final course segment beyond its normal limits.)

5. For departures and arrivals, a window appears to select the desired transition. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired option and press E.

In your flight plan or direct-to, the departure or arrival airport is replaced withthe sequence of waypoints contained within the selected procedure.

13

Press the P key to display the procedurespage. Rotate the large right knob (d) toselect the desired option.

A window will appear to select the desiredprocedure. Use the large right knob (d) tomake your selection.


From page 8 you may recall that one of the main page groups, NRST, provideslistings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailedinformation on the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-cre-ated waypoints within 200 nm of your current position. In addition, pages are alsoprovided to display the five nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station(FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any special-use (SUA) or con-trolled airspace you may be in or near.

To display the NRST pages:

1. If necessary, press the small right knob (r) to remove the cursor from the page.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the NRST page group, as indicated by NRSTappearing in the lower right corner of the screen (see page 8).

3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired NRST page.

The nearest airport page (shown at left) is one of eight pages available under theNRST group:

Nearest airport page Nearest intersections page

Nearest NDB page Nearest VOR page

Nearest user waypoints page Nearest ARTCC page

Nearest FSS page Nearest SUA page

You may examine both the communication frequencies and runway informationdirectly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page(see page 12), you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM orVLOC field by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing E.

14

TAKEOFF TOURNearest Airport

Emergency Search

To display a list of nearby airports, rotate thelarge right knob (d) to select the NRST pagegroup and (if needed) the small right knob(a) to select the nearest airport page.

To scroll through the list, press the small rightknob (a), then rotate the large right knob (d).

TAKEOFF TOURNearest Airports:

Additional Information and

To view additional information for a nearby airport:

1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired airport from the list.

3. Press E to display waypoint (WPT) information pages for the selected airport.

4. To display runway and frequency information, press (r) to remove the cursor androtate the small right knob (a) to display the desired information page.

The nearest airport page may be used in conjunction with the direct-to (D)key to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in an in-flight emergency. Selecting anearby airport as a direct-to destination will override your flight plan or cancel apreviously selected direct-to destination. (Youll still have the option of returning toyour flight plan by cancelling the direct-to. See page 51.)

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destination:

From the nearest airport page...


2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired airport from the list.

3. Press D, E and E (again) to navigate to the nearby airport.

From an airport information page...

1. Press D, E and E (again) to navigate to the nearby airport.

15

Additional information for a nearby airport isavailable by highlighting an identifier on thelist and pressing E.

To select a nearby airport as a new destina-tion, highlight its identifier, press D, Eand E (again).


The last page in the NRST group, the nearest SUA page, provides informationfor up to nine controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your flight path.Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for air-space alert messages. Nearby airspace information and airspace alert messages areprovided according to the following conditions:

If your projected course will take you inside an airspace within thenext ten minutes, the message Special use airspace ahead less than10 minutes will appear.

If you are within two nautical mile of an airspace and your currentcourse will take you inside, the message Special use airspace nearand ahead will appear.

If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your currentcourse will not take you inside, the message Near special use air-space less than 2nm will appear.

If you have entered an airspace, the message Inside special use air-space will appear.

By default, airspace alert messages are turned off. When turned on, the message(MSG) annunciator located directly above the M key will flash to alert you to theairspace message. (See page 140 for information on enabling airspace alert messages.)

To view an airspace alert message:

1. Press the M key. The message page appears with the alert message.

2. Press M again to return to the previous display.

Note that the airspace alerts are based upon three-dimensional data (latitude,longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlledairspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace.Additional information about a nearby airspacesuch as controlling agency, fre-quency and floor/ceiling limitsis available from the nearest SUA page (see page118 and illustrations shown at left).16

TAKEOFF TOURSpecial-use and

Controlled Airspace

When an airspace alert occurs, the message(MSG) annunciator will flash. Press M toview the alert message.

To view additional information about the air-space, select the nearest SUA page. Detailedinformation is available by highlighting theairspace name and pressing E.

TAKEOFF TOURFlight Plans

The GNS 430 lets you create up to 20 flight plans, with up to thirty-one way-points in each flight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using theF key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the active flight plan page andthe flight plan catalog. The active flight plan page provides information and editingfeatures for the flight plan currently in use (referred to as flight plan 00). Theflight plan catalog serves as the main page for creating new flight plans, as well asediting or activating previously created flight plans.

Since using flight plans is arguably one of the more complex features of the GNS430, well only discuss it briefly herefocusing on creating a new flight plan andactivating it to use for navigation. After reading through this brief introduction,answers to additional questions you may have about flight plans can be found in thereference section, starting on page 52.

To create a new flight plan:

1. Press theF key and rotate the small right knob (a) to select the flight plan catalog.

2. Press the m key to display the flight plan catalog options.

3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select Create New Flight Plan? and press E.

4. The cursor will appear on the first waypoint identifier field (located directly below WAY-POINT). Use the large (d) and small (a) right knobs to enter the identifier of the firstwaypoint in the flight plan. (The small knob is used to select the desired letter or numberand the large knob is used to move to the next character space.)

5. Press E once the identifier has been selected. The cursor will move to the nextblank waypoint identifier field.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints for the flight plan have been entered.

17

Active flight plan page with flight plan currently in use.

To create a new flight plan, select CreateNew Flight Plan? from the flight plan catalogoptions.


Once the flight plan is created, it may be activated from an options window.Activating the flight plan will place it into flight plan 00 (a copy of it will stillreside in the original catalog location) and replaces any flight plan which currentlyexists in flight plan 00.

To activate the new flight plan:

1. Press the m key to display the flight plan catalog options.

2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Activate Flight Plan? and press E.

This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GNS 430smajor features. The Reference section of this manual describes these features, andothers, in additional detail. Use the reference section, as needed, to learn or reviewthe details regarding a particular feature. The Index (beginning on page 171) maybe used to quickly locate the information you want within the reference section.

Now that youre familiar with the basics, some suggested reading within theReference section includes:

Flight plan features - see page 52

Waypoint information pages (database information) - see page 84

IFR procedures - see page 64

Unit settings (configuring the unit to your preferences) - see page 125

If youre unable to locate the information you need, were here to help!GARMINs Customer Service staff is available during normal business hours (U.S.Central time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page iv. You can alsoreach us by mail (see page iv) or at our web site address: www.garmin.com.

18

TAKEOFF TOURFlight Plans and

Additional Reading

Enter the identifier for each airport and/ornavaid into the flight plan in the samesequence you wish to fly.

Select Activate Flight Plan? from the pagemenu to begin using the new flight plan.

COMRadio VolumeAuto Squelch

Section 1Communicating with the GNS 430

The GNS 430 features a digitally-tuned VHF COM radio that provides a seam-less transition from communication to navigation, bringing the two most importantfunctions in flying together in one panel-mounted unit. The GNS 430s COM radiooperates in the aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, in 25 kHz steps(default). For European operations, a COM radio configuration to allow for 8.33kHz steps is also provided (see pages 146-147).

VolumeCOM radio volume is adjusted using thek knob. Rotate thek knob clock-

wise to increase volume, or counterclockwise to decrease volume.

SquelchThe COM radio features an automatic squelch, providing maximum sensitivity

to weaker signals while rejecting many localized noise sources. You may wish tooverride this automatic squelch function when listening to a distant station or whensetting the desired volume level. Thek knob allows you to disable the automaticsquelch and keep the COM audio open continuously.

To override the automatic squelch, press the knobk momentarily. Presskagain to return to automatic squelch operation.

19

Press thek knob momentarily to overridethe automatic squelch. Note the RX receiveindication when receiving a station.

TX appears at the upper right corner of thescreen while transmitting.

1


COM Window and TuningCommunication frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standby

COM frequency field, and using the small (f) and large (h) left knobs to dial inthe desired frequency. The standby frequency always appears below the active fre-quency. The active frequency is the frequency currently in use for transmit andreceive operations.

A frequency may also be quickly selected from the database by simply highlight-ing the desired frequency on any of the main pages and pressing the E key. Thisprocess is referred to as auto-tuning. Once a frequency is selected in the standbyfield, it may be transferred to the active frequency by pressing the W key.

While receiving a station, an RX indication appears in the upper right cornerof the COM windowto the immediate right of COM. A TX indication appearsat this location while you are transmitting.

20

COMTuning Cursor

Active/Standby Freqs

Tuning cursor in the COM window. Use thesmall (f) and large (h) left knobs to dial inthe desired standby frequency.

Once the standby frequency is selected, usethe W (flip-flop) key to make the frequencyactive for transmit and receive operations.

NO

TE

The tuning cursor will normally appear in the COM win-dow, unless placed in the VLOC window by pressing v.When the tuning cursor is in the VLOC window, it willautomatically return to the COM window after 30 secondsof inactivity.

The active frequency in either window cannot be accesseddirectlyonly the standby frequency will be highlighted bythe tuning cursor.

1

COMAuto-Tuning from

Nearest Airport Page1

21

To select a COM frequency:

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the COM window, press the small left knob (v)momentarily.

2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For example,the 118 portion of the frequency 118.300.

3. Rotate the small left knob (f) to select the desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For example,the .300 portion of the frequency 118.300.

To make the standby frequency the active frequency, press the W (flip flop) key.

The tuning cursor will remain in the COM window. If you wish to select aVOR/localizer/ILS frequency, press the small left knob (v) momentarily to place thecursor in the VLOC window. Additional instructions for VOR/localizer/ILS operationsare available in Sections 5 and 8 (beginning on pages 64 and 121).

Auto-TuningThe GNS 430s auto-tune feature allows you to quickly select any database fre-

quency in the GPS window as your standby frequency. Any COM frequency dis-played in the GPS window can be transferred to the standby COM frequency field,with a minimum of keystrokes required. The following are some examples of select-ing COM frequencies from some of the main GPS pages.

To select a COM frequency for a nearby airport:

1. Select the nearest airport page from the NRST page group. (See page 109, or press andhold c, then rotate the large right knob, d, until the nearest pages appears. Finally, ifnecessary, rotate the small right knob,a, to display the nearest airport page.)

{continued}

Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR andILS operations. See Section 8, starting onpage 121.

Nearest airport page with common trafficadvisory frequency (CTAF) for the closest airport highlighted.


22

2. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to place the cursor on the airport identifierfield of the first airport in the list. If you wish to select another airport, rotate the large rightknob (d) to highlight the desired airport.

3. The nearest airport page displays the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) for eachlisted airport. To select this frequency, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight thedesired airports CTAF frequency and press E to place the frequency in the standbyfield of the COM window.

4. To display the entire list of frequencies for a nearby airport and select from that list, startwith the desired airport highlighted on the nearest airport page (as described in step 3above), then press E. Now press the small right knob (r) momentarily to removethe cursor and rotate the small right knob (a) to display the frequency list. Press thesmall right knob (r) momentarily to reactivate the cursor and rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight the desired frequency. Press E to place the highlighted frequency inthe standby COM window field.

To select a COM frequency for a nearby flight service station (FSS) or center (ARTCC):

1. Select the nearest center or flight service page from the NRST page group. (See page109, or rotate the large right knob, d, until the NRST pages appear. Then, if necessary,rotate the small right knob,a, to display the desired NRST page.)

2. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to place the cursor on the page.

3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the FSS/ARTCC frequency and press Eto place the frequency in the standby field of the COM window.

COMAuto-Tuning FSS,

Center or Flight Plan

From the nearest airport page, select thedesired airport to show a more detailed listingof frequencies for that airport.

Use the nearest ARTCC page to quicklyretrieve the frequency(s) for the nearest center(ARTCC) facility.

1

COMAuto-Tuning from

Flight Plan/Database1

23

To select a COM frequency for any airport in your flight plan:

1. Select the NAVCOM page from the NAV page group. (See page 25, or press and holdc, then rotate the small right knob, a, until the NAVCOM page appears.)

2. Press the small right knob (r) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field. To theleft of this field appears Departure, Enroute or Arrivaldepending on the placement ofthe displayed airport within your flight plan.

3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window listing the airports in your flightplan. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired airport.

4. Press E to return to the NAVCOM page with the frequencies for the selected airport.

5. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired frequency.

6. Press E to place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field.

To select a COM frequency for any airport in the database:

1. Select the airport frequencies page from the WPT page group. (See page 84, or rotatethe large right knob, d, to select the WPT page group. Then rotate the small rightknob, a, until the airport frequencies page appears.)

2. Press the small right knob (r) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field.

3. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired air-port. Press E when finished.

4. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired frequency.

5. Press E to place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field.

The NAVCOM page provides a frequency listfor all the airports (departure, en route andarrival) along your active flight plan.

Use the airport frequencies page to retrieve afrequency list for ANY airport in the JeppesenNavData database.


24

Emergency ChannelThe GNS 430s emergency channel select provides a quick method of selecting

121.500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in-flight emergency. Theemergency channel select is available whenever the unit is on, regardless of GPS orcursor status, or loss of the display.

To quickly tune and activate 121.500, press and hold W for approximately twoseconds.

Stuck MicrophoneAs mentioned earlier, whenever the GNS 430 is transmitting, a TX indication

will appear in the COM window. If the microphone is stuck or accidentally left inthe keyed position, or continues to transmit after the key is released, the COMtransmitter will automatically timeout (or cease transmitting) after 35 seconds ofcontinuous broadcasting. Youll also receive a COM push-to-talk key stuck mes-sage as long as the stuck condition exists.

COMEmergency Channel

Stuck Mic

Press and hold the W (flip-flop) key for twoseconds to activate the 121.500 MHz emer-gency frequency.

A COM push-to-talk key stuck messageappears to warn you of a stuck microphone.Transmitting is disabled after 35 seconds ofcontinuous broadcasting.

1

NAV PAGESPage Groups

NAV Page Group2

25

Section 2 NAV Pages

Main Page GroupsThe GNS 430s main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST.

While viewing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selectionprocess using the small (a) and large (d) right knobs.

To select the desired page group, rotate the large right knob (d) until a page fromthe desired group is displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired page is displayed.

NAV Page Group

The NAV page group includes six pages. While viewing any NAV page, rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select a different NAV page. You may find this selectionprocess convenient to cycle between the default NAV and map pagestwo of the mostfrequently used pages. Other pages are provided to list frequencies for your flightplan, show your current position, display current satellite reception, and make verticalnavigation settings.


on pg. 109)

6 availablepages (seelist below)

NAV NRST10 availablepages (see

list on pg. 84)


on pg. 125)

AUXWPT

Default NAV Map NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAV

The bottom right corner of the screen indi-cates which page group is currently being dis-played (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number ofscreens available within that group (indicatedby square icons) and the placement of the cur-rent screen within that group (indicated by ahighlighted square icon). To select a differentpage within the group, rotate the small rightknob (a).

This part of the screen is also used to displaythe GNS 430s turn advisories (e.g., Turn to230) and waypoint alerts (e.g., Next DTK230) during flight plan and approach opera-tions. See Section 5 for more information.


26

Default NAV Page

The first NAV page is the default NAV page. This page may be quickly selectedfrom ANY page by using the c key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold c.

The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI) acrossthe top of the page. Unlike the angular limits used on a mechanical CDI coupled toa VOR or ILS receiver, full scale limits for this CDI are defined by a GPS-deriveddistance (0.3, 1.0 or 5.0 nm), as indicated at both ends of the CDI. By default, theCDI scale will automatically adjust to the desired limits based upon the currentphase of flight: en route, terminal area or approach. You may also manually selectthe desired scale setting as outlined on pages 139-141.

The graphic CDI shows your position at the center of the indicator, relative tothe desired course (the moving course deviation needle). As with a traditionalmechanical CDI, when youre off course simply steer toward the needle. TheTO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to(an up arrow) the waypoint or if you have passed the waypoint (a down arrow).

NAV PAGESDefault NAV Page

Active Leg ofFlight Plan

User-selectable

Data Fields

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

NO

TE The GNS 430 always navigates TO a waypoint unless the OBS

switch is set (preventing automatic waypoint sequencing), or youhave passed the last waypoint in your flight plan.

First Pagein NAV group

2

The following symbols are usedon thedefault NAV page directly below the CDItodepict the active leg of a flight plan ordirect-to:

Direct-To a Waypoint

Course to a Waypoint, or DesiredCourse between Two Waypoints

Left Procedure Turn

Right Procedure Turn

Vectors-To-Final

DME Arc to the left

DME Arc to the right

Left-hand Holding Pattern

Right-hand Holding Pattern

NAV PAGESDefault NAV Page 2

27

Directly below the CDI appears the active leg of your flight plan, or the direct-todestination when using the D key. This will automatically sequence to the next legof your flight plan as you reach each interim waypoint. If no flight plan or direct-todestination has been selected, the destination field will remain blank.

At the bottom of the default NAV page youll find six user-definable fields whichdisplay the data youll need as your flight progresses. By default these fields display:distance to destination (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to destination (BRG),ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE).However, each of these fields can be custom-tailored to your preferences by selecting a different data item. Available data items include:

Bearing to destination (BRG) Course to steer (CTS) Distance to destination (DIS) Desired track (DTK) En route safe altitude (ESA) Estimated time of arrival (ETA) Estimate time en route (ETE) Ground speed (GS) Minimum safe altitude (MSA) Track angle error (TKE) Ground track (TRK) Vertical speed required (VSR) Cross track error (XTK)

If no flight plan or direct-to destination has been selected only speed, track, alti-tude and minimum safe altitude data may be displayed. All other data types willappear as blank lineson the default NAV pageuntil a destination is selected.

To select a different data item for any data field:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the m key to display an options menu.

2. The Change Fields? option is already highlighted, so press E to select this option.

3. Use the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.

{continued}


4. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available data items. Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.

5. Press E to select the desired data item and return to the default NAV page.

6. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.

You can also quickly return all data field settings to their original factory settings.

To restore all six data fields to factory default settings:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the m key to display an options menu.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the Restore Defaults? option and pressE.

Map Page

The second NAV page is the map page, which displays your present positionusing an airplane symbol, along with nearby airports, navaids, user-defined way-points, airspace boundaries, lakes, rivers, highways and cities.

28

NAV PAGESMap Page

DataFields

PresentPosition

Map Display

Map Scale

Second Pagein NAV group

NO

TE If the GNS 430 is unable to determine a GPS position, the present

position (airplane) symbol will not appear on the map page.

2

2NAV PAGESMap Page

29

Different symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identi-fiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the indentifiersare enabled.) Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map,showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace. The follow-ing symbols are used to depict the various airports and navaids on the map page:

Airport with hard surface runway(s); Primary runway shown

Airport with soft surface runway(s) only

Private Airfield Intersection

VOR VORTAC

VOR/DME TACAN

DME NDB

Localizer Locator Outer Marker

The map display can be set to 23 different scale settings from 500 feet to 2000nautical miles (statute and metric units are also available). The scale is indicated inthe lower left-hand corner or the map display, and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map display.

To select a map scale:

1. Press the up arrow side of the R key to zoom out to a larger map area.

2. Press the down arrow side of the R key to zoom in to a smaller map area andmore detail.


30

An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an enroute scale of 2000 through each lower scale, stopping at a scale of 1.0 as youapproach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from themap setup page described on page 34.

The map page also displays a background map showing lakes, rivers, coastlines,highways, railways and towns. When a map scale is selected below the lower limitat which the map detail was originally created, an overzoom indication will appearon the map display, below the scale reading. Overzoom indicates that the detail atthis scale may not accurately represent actual conditions. If you continue to zoom into lower scale settings, overzoom will be replaced with no map and the geo-graphic detail is removed from the map display (but, the airport and navaid detailwill remain).

The Setup Map? option (described on page 33) allows you to define the maxi-mum scale at which each map feature will appear. This provides you with completecontrol to minimize screen clutter. You can also quickly remove items from the mapusing the c key.

To quickly declutter the map display, press the c key momentarily (as often asneeded) to select the desired amount of map detail.

The right-hand side of the map page includes four user-selectable data fields. Bydefault, the displayed data is: destination waypoint name (WPT), desired track(DTK), distance to destination waypoint (DIS) and ground speed (GS). Any of thesedata fields may be changed to display a different data type, as outlined on page 35.You may also remove the four data fields from the map to show a larger map image,as described on page 35.

NAV PAGESMap Page2

The c key allows you to quickly declutterthe map display, providing four levels of mapdetail. Note the -1 and -2 (-3 is also pro-vided) suffix designations above, indicatingeach successive declutter level.

2NAV PAGESMap Page

31

Map PanningAnother map page function is panning, which allows you to move the map beyond

its current limits without adjusting the map scale. When you select the panningfunctionby pressing the small right knob (r)a target pointer will appear on themap display. A window will also appear at the top of the map display showing the lat-itude/longitude position of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the pointerfrom your present position.

To select the panning function and pan the map display:

1a. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the panning target pointer.

2a. Rotate the small right knob (a) to move up (rotate clockwise) or down (counterclockwise).

3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to move right (rotate clockwise) or left (counterclockwise).

4. To cancel the panning function and return to your present position, press the small rightknob (r).

When the target pointer is placed on an object, the name of that object will behighlighted (even if the name wasnt originally displayed on the map). This featureapplies to airports, navaids, user-created waypoints, roads, lake, riverspretty mucheverything displayed on the map except route lines.

When an airport, navaid, or user waypoint is selected on the map display, you canreview information about the waypoint or designate the waypoint as your direct-todestination.

To review information for an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint:

1b. Use the panning function (as described above) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2b. Press E to display the waypoint information page(s) for the selected waypoint.

3. Press c to exit the information page(s).

b

b

a


32

Map Direct-ToTo designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to

destination:

1a. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2a. Press D to display the select direct-to waypoint page, with the selected waypointalready listed.

3a. Press E twice to confirm the selection and begin navigating to the waypoint.

The direct-to function can be used anywhere on the map. If nothing currentlyexists at the crosshair position, a new waypoint (called +MAP; shown at left) willbe created at the target pointer location before the direct-to is initiated.

Airspace Information on the MapWhen a special-use or controlled airspace boundary appears on the map display,

you can quickly retrieve informationsuch as floor/ceiling limits and controllingagencydirectly from the map.

To view airspace information for an on-screen special-use or controlled airspace:

1b. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on an open areawithin the boundaries of an airspace. If the area is congested and it is difficult to select anopen area, you may need to zoom in or press c to make the selection easier.

2b. Press E to display an options menu.

3b. Review SUA? should already be highlighted, if not select it with the small right knob(a). Press E to display the airspace information page for the selected airspace.

4. To display the com frequency(s) for the controlling agency, rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight Frequencies? and press E. Press c to return to the airspaceinformation page.

5. Press c to exit the airspace information page.

NAV PAGESMap Page2

b

b

Many of the GNS 430s functions are menu driven. Each of the main pages has anoptions menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your prefer-ences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. A map pageoptions menu provides additional settings to customize the map page and additionalfeatures related specifically to the map page.

To display the map page options menu, press m (with the map page displayed).

The following options are available: Setup Map?, Measure Dist?, Data FieldsOff?, Change Fields? and Restore Defaults?.

Map SetupSetup Map? allows you to configure the map display to your preferences,

including map orientation, land data enable/disable, Jeppesen data enable/disable,automatic zoom, airspace boundaries, and text size. The following table lists thegroup names and available settings:

Map Orientation, AutoZoom, Land Data, Aviation Data

Line Active Flight Plan/Direct-To, Lat/Long Grid

Waypoint User Waypoints, Waypoint Text, Flight Plan Wpts

Airport Large/Medium/Small Airports and Text

NAVAID VORs, NDBs, Intersections and Text

Control Controlled Airspace: Class B, C, D (tower zone)

SUA Special-Use Airspace: Restricted, MOA, Other

City Large/Medium/Small Cities and Text

Road Freeway, National Highway, Local Hwy, Local Road

Other States/Prov, Rivers/Lakes, Railroads

2NAV PAGESMap Page Options

33

Large, Medium and Small classifications areused on the GNS 430 for airports and cities.Large airports are those with a runway longerthan 8100 feet. Medium airports include thosewith a runway longer than 5000 feet or with acontrol tower. Large cities are those withapproximate populations greater than 200,000and Medium cities are greater than 50,000.


34

To change a map setup feature:

1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Setup Map? and press E.

2. To change map orientation, rotate the small right knob ( a) to select Map and pressE. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the Orientation field and rotate thesmall right knob ( a) to select the desired option . Select North up to fix the top of themap display to a north heading. Select Track up to adjust the top of the map display toyour current track heading. Select DTK up to fix the top of the map display to your desiredcourse. Press E to accept the selected option.

3. To enable/disable automatic zoom, rotate the small right knob (a) to select Map andpress E. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the Auto Zoom field and rotatethe small right knob (a) to select On or Off. Press E to accept the selected option.The automatic zoom feature will automatically adjust the map scale from 2000 nm througheach lower scale, stopping at 1.0 nm as you approach your destination waypoint.

4. To enable/disable all background land data or Jeppesen aviation data, rotate the small rightknob (a) to select Map and press E. Use the large right knob (d) to highlight theappropriate field and rotate the small right knob (a) to select On or Off. Press E toaccept the selected option.

5. For airports, NAVAIDs, active flight plan waypoints, user-created waypoints, state/provincialboundaries, rivers/lakes and cities: rotate the small right knob (a) to select the appropriateGroup name (per the chart on the previous page) and press E. Use the large rightknob (d) to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and rotate the small right knob(a) to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen. Or selectOff to never display the selected feature. Press E to accept the selected option. Next,rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the text field for the desired feature and rotatethe small right knob (a) to select the desired text size, or select None to disable textdescriptions. Press E to accept the selected option.

6. For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, railroad lines, track log data, active flight plancourse lines, and lat/long grid lines: rotate the small right knob (a) to select the appropri-ate Group name (per the chart on the previous page) and press E. Use the large rightknob (d) to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and rotate the small right knob(a) to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen. Or selectOff to never display the selected feature. Press E to accept the selected option.

NAV PAGESMap Page Options2

NAV PAGESMap Page Options 2

35

Distance MeasurementsThe Measure Dist? option provides a quick, easy method for determining the

bearing and distance between any two points on the map display.

To measure bearing and distance between two points:

1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Measure Dist? and press E. An on-screen reference pointer will appear on the map display at your present position.

2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to place the reference pointer at the loca-tion you wish to measure FROM and press E.

3. Again, use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to place the reference pointer atthe location you wish to measure TO. The bearing and distance from the first referencelocation will appear at the top of the map display.

4. To exit the Measure Dist? option, press the small right knob (r).

Selecting Full Screen MapThe Data Fields Off? option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottom

right), without the four data fields along the right-hand side of the screen. Select thisoption when you wish to display a larger map area. If this option has been selectedand the data fields are off, Data Fields On? will appear as an option instead.

To turn the data fields off (or on), rotate the large right knob (d) to highlightData Fields Off? (or Data Fields On?) and press E.

Selecting Desired On-Screen DataChange Fields? allows you to choose the data displayed on the four user-selec-

table data fields along the right-hand side of the map page. There are fourteen avail-able data types, including bearing to destination, distance to destination, estimatedtime of arrival, ground speed, minimum safe altitude and track. See page 159 fordescriptions of these (and other) navigation terms.


36

To change a data field:

1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.

3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the type of data you want to appear on thisfield and press E.

4. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the cursor.

Restoring Factory SettingsRestore Defaults? resets all four user-selectable data fields to their original fac-

tory default settings.

To restore the factory default settings, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlightRestore Defaults? (see bottom left) and press E.

NAV PAGESMap Page Options2

NAV PAGESNAVCOM Page 2

37

NAVCOM Page

The third NAV page is the NAVCOM (navigation communications) page. TheNAVCOM page provides a list of the airport communication and navigation fre-quencies at your departure, enroute and arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makesselection of the frequencies youll need along your flight plan quick and convenient.If you do not have an active flight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM pagewill display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.

To select a frequency list for a departure, enroute or arrival airport:


2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field (top lineon the NAVCOM page).

3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired airport and press E.

To scroll through the list of frequencies:

1. Activate the cursor, if not already active, by pressing the small right knob (r).

{continued}

AssignedFrequency and

Usage Information(when applicable)

Departure,Enroute or

Arrival Airport

FrequencyType Third Page

in NAV group


38

2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to move the cursor through the list of frequencies. Ifthere are more frequencies in the list that can be displayed on the screen, a scroll baralong the right-hand side of the screen will indicate which part of the list is currentlybeing displayed.

3a. To place a frequency in the standby field of the COM or VLOC window, highlight thedesired frequency and press E.

Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows:

TX - transmit only RX - receive onlyPT - part time frequency

If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will bepreceded by an Info? designation.

To view usage restrictions for a frequency:

1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the Info? designation directly infront of the desired frequency.

2b. Press E to display the restriction information.

3b. To return to the NAVCOM page, press E.

NAV PAGESNAVCOM Page2

b

a

a

} scroll bar

2NAV PAGESPosition Page

39

Position PageThe position page (the fourth NAV page) displays your present position (by

default, in latitude and longitude) and altitude. The position page also displays yourcurrent track, ground speed, time and a reference waypoint field. These fields areuser-selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current naviga-tion needs.

The graphic track indicator at the top of the page indicates the directionyoure heading, or track, only while youre moving. Directly below are three user-selectable fields, which by default, display track, ground speed and altitude.Barometric pressure (BARO) settings and minimum safe altitude (MSA) can also bedisplayed on these fields. MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within a tenmile radius of your present position. MSA is calculated from the information con-tained in the database and generally includes mountains, buildings and other per-manent features.

User-selectableData Fields

Graphic TrackIndicator

PresentPosition

Fourth Pagein NAV group

ReferenceWaypoint Fields

NO

TE Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude.Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area.

a

a

The graphic track indicator and the TRKindication directly below it provide the sameinformation. Use the graphic track indicatorfor quick at-a-glance ground track information.


To change the user-selectable data fields:

1a. Press m to display the position page options menu.

2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.

3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.

4a. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available data items. Continue rotatingthe small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.

5. Press E to select the desired data item and return to the position page.


The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom ofthe page, to indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected waypoint. The refer-ence waypoint field can display bearing and distance information for a nearby airport(default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.

To change the reference waypoint information:

1b. Press m to display the position page options menu.

2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.

3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the waypoint type field (bottom left corner ofthe page; default setting will show APT).

4b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available waypoint types. Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.

5. Press E to select the desired type and return to the position page.

{continued}

40

NAV PAGESPosition Page2

b

b

b

2NAV PAGESPosition Page

41

6. To select between bearing FROM or bearing TO to the reference waypoint, rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired bearing reference and press E.


8. If WPT is selected as the waypoint type, you can designate any airport, NAVAID or userwaypoint as a reference waypoint. Press the small right knob (r), rotate the large rightknob (d) to highlight the waypoint identifier field, then use the small (a) and large(d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired waypoint. Press E to confirm theselected waypoints. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the cursor.

Restoring Factory SettingsA Restore Defaults? option allows you to reset all data fields to their original

factory default settings. This will return the three user-selectable fields at the top ofthe page AND the reference waypoint fields to default settings.

To restore the factory default settings:

1. Press m to display the position page options menu.

2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Restore Defaults? and press E.


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Satellite Status PageThe satellite status page (the fifth NAV page) provides a visual reference of GPS

receiver functions, including current satellite coverage, GPS receiver status andposition accuracy. The satellite status page is helpful in troubleshooting weak (ormissing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems.

As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear foreach satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (01-32) underneatheach bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages:

No signal strength barsthe receiver is looking for the satellites indicated.

Hollow signal strength barsthe receiver has found the satellite(s) and is col-lecting data (see illustration at center left).

Solid signal strength barsthe receiver has collected the necessary data andthe satellite(s) is ready for use (see illustration at bottom left).

The sky view display (at top left corner of the page) shows which satellites arecurrently in view, and where they are. The outer circle of the sky view representsthe horizon (with north at top of the page); the inner circle 45 above the horizon;and the center point directly overhead.

NAV PAGESSatellite Status Page

GPS ReceiverStatus

Sky View

SignalStrength Bars

Fifth Pagein NAV group

SatelliteNumbers

EstimatedPosition Error

(EPE) and DOP

2

NAV PAGESSatellite Status Page 2

43

Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollowsignal strength bar) before the satellite may be used for navigation (solid signalstrength bar). Once the GPS receiver has determined your position, the GNS 430will indicate your position, track and ground speed on the other navigation pages.The GPS receiver status field (see preceding page) will also display the followingmessages under the appropriate conditions:

Searching Sky The GPS receiver is searching the sky for ANY visible satel-lites. You will also be informed of this status with aSearching the Sky message.

Acquiring Sat The GPS receiver is acquiring satellites for navigation. In thismode, the receiver uses satellite orbital data (collected contin-uously from the satellites) and last known position to deter-mine which satellites should be in view.

2D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 2D navigation mode. Altitude datawill be provided by an altitude serializer.

3D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and will computealtitude using satellite data.

Poor Coverg The GPS receiver cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation.

Rcvr Not Usbl The GPS receiver is unusable due to incorrect initialization orabnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and on again.

AutoLocate The GPS receiver is looking for any available satellite. Thisprocess can take up to five minutes to determine a position.


44

The satellite status page also indicates the accuracy of the position fix, usingEstimated Position Error (EPE) and Dilution of Precision (DOP) figures. DOPmeasures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites received and wherethey are relative to each other) on a scale from one to ten. The lowest numbers arethe best accuracy and the highest numbers are the worst. EPE uses DOP and otherfactors to calculate a horizontal position error, in feet or meters.

Vertical Navigation PageThe GNS 430s vertical navigation page (the last NAV page) allows you to create

a three-dimensional profile which guides you from your present position and altitude to a final (target) altitude at a specified location. This is helpful when youdlike to descend to a certain altitude near an airport or climb to an altitude beforereaching a route or direct-to waypoint. Once the profile is defined, message alertsand additional data on the default NAV and map pages will keep you informed ofyour progress.

NAV PAGESVertical Navigation

(VNAV)

Altitude Reference(AGL or MSL)Target Altitude

TargetDistance

Sixth Pagein NAV group

Vertical SpeedDesired

Target Reference

NO

TE To use the vertical navigation features, your ground speed must be

greater than 35 knots and you must be navigating to a direct-to destination or using a flight plan.

2

Vertical SpeedRequired

2NAV PAGES

Vertical Navigation(VNAV)

45

To create a vertical navigation profile:


2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the target altitude field.

3. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select the target altitude and press E.

4. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Above Wpt (AGL) or MSL, and pressE. Above Wpt will use the altitude of a destination airport as stored in theJeppesen NavData card. MSL lets you set a specific target altitude for any waypointcategory: airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.

5. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select a distance from the targetreference waypoint and press E. If the target altitude should occur at the target ref-erence waypoint, enter a distance of zero.

6. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Before or After, and press E. This set-ting designates whether the offset distance defines a point before you reach the targetreference waypoint or after you reach the waypoint.

7. When using a flight plan, the target reference waypoint itself can be specified from thewaypoints contained in the flight plan. By default, the last waypoint in the flight plan willbe selected. To select a different waypoint, rotate the small right knob (a) to select thedesired waypoint and press E.

{continued}

VERTICAL NAVIGATION PROFILEVERTICAL SPEED REQUIRED

DISTANCE TO TARGET

TIME AND DISTANCE TO PROFILE

TARGET ALTITUDE AND POSITION

AIRPORT

CURRENT ALTITUDE AND POSITION


46

8. The default profile utilizes a 400 foot-per-minute descent rate. To change the rate, rotatethe large right knob (d) to highlight the VS Profile field and use the small (a) andlarge (d) right knobs to enter a new rate. Press E when finished.

With the profile set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the verti-cal navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical naviga-tion feature:

At one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a messageApproaching VNAV Profile occurs. The descent (or climb) angle will alsolock to prevent changes in speed from altering the profile.

If selected, the vertical speed required (VSR) readout on the default NAV andmap pages will show the desired vertical speed to maintain the proper descent(or climb) angle.

At 500 feet above (or below, for a climb) the target altitude, an ApproachingTarget Altitude message is provided. The VSR readout on the default NAVand map pages is blanked out, at this point.

Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or off. (By default the messagesare off.) Turning the messages off allows you to keep the profile settings youveentered previously, without having them generate messages when the feature isntneeded.

To disable/enable the vertical navigation (VNAV) messages:

1. Press m to display the vertical navigation page options menu.

2. With VNAV Messages On? highlighted, press E. Or, if the messages are alreadyon and you wish to turn them of

Documents

pilotguide.pdf