PILOT IN COMMAND

Understanding what it means to be PICSome ways to teach it

What does Pilot In Command mean?

From the Federal Aviation Regulations: Part 91.3a

“The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.”

Mysterious Stupid Ticket Book

Mysterious Stupid Ticket Book

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions

D etect that a change has occurred

E stimate the need to respond to the change

C hoose the (new) desired outcome

I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome

D o the steps

E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

FAA Hazardous Attitudes

Attitude Thought Antiauthority Don’t tell me!

Impulsivity Do something quickly!

Invulnerability It won’t happen to me.

Macho I can do it!

Resignation What’s the use?

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Technical Proficiency1. Applies knowledge of standards, procedures, and regulations2. Demonstrates technical skills3. Applies knowledge of systems, limitations, and performance

Team Management4. Establishes a clear understanding of roles, responsibilities, and expectations5. Encourages and considers crew member input6. Recognizes and manages conflicts7. Adapts to crew personal differences8. Performs crew debriefs

Workload Management9. Recognizes and manages externally or self imposed time constraints10. Prioritizes tasks to prevent interference with primary duties11. Delegates tasks to avoid overload12. Selects the appropriate level of automation to reduce workload

Situational Awareness Management13. Establishes a shared understanding of status, goals, and plans14. Seeks, evaluates, and utilizes available resources15. Independently monitors and verifies equipment and crew member performance16. Challenges faulty decisions, actions, or inaction of another crew member17. Recognizes and resists distractions and lapses into inattention18. Recognizes and manages the impact of stress and fatigue on performance

Decision Making and Planning19. Establishes, communicates, and maintains “bottom lines” with backup plans20. Assesses risks to prepare for expected or contingency situations21. Considers personal and operational biases which may influence decision quality22. Modifies decisions when operationally warranted23. Acts decisively when the situation dictates

Crew Effectiveness Skills

Technical Proficiency

Team Management

Workload Management

Situational Awareness Management

Decision Making and Planning

Pieces of an effective crewmember

Technical ProficiencyTeam Manage-mentWorkload ManagementSituational AwarenessDecision Mak-ing

Pieces of an effective crewmember

20%

80%

Technical ProficiencyBeing Human

Three Domains of Learning

Cognitive Ability to recall, analyze and problem

solve Psychomotor

Physical skills Affective

Emotions, attitudes

Pieces of an effective crewmember

20%

80%

Technical ProficiencyBeing Human

Mostly Cognitive and Psychomotor

Some Cognitive, but a lot of Affective

Reaching for the Affective Domain

Experiences of Other Pilots, Including Me

Service Learning Good Literature Written Response Papers Accident Analysis Talk About TAKING Responsibility

Get Personal

Include Myself I try to be authentic with my students I’m honest about mistakes I’ve made

Ask Them To Include Themselves They can relate to and internalize

assignments better this way

Hazardous Attitude

Alert Thoughts Antidotes

Anti-authority “The rules don’t apply to this situation.”

“Following the rules is just going to be more dangerous at this point.”

“This is supposed to be fun.”

“If I have to think about breaking the rules, I’ve probably let things get out of hand already.”

Things I’m Telling Myselfand offering to you

I will make an effort to get personal with my students and make this fun for myself and them.

I’m going to look for opportunities in every student interaction to encourage them to take responsibility

TAKE A DEEP BREATHThey’re going to be here next Monday.

Who is Pilot In Command?