PIGMENT PRINTING OF COTTON

Prof. R. B. CHAVAN

INSTITUTE OF TEXTILES

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY, BAHIR DAR

ETHIOPIA

Formerly : Dept. of Textile Technology

Indian institute of technology, New Delhi, India

E-mail. rbchavan@hotmail.com

PIGMENT PRINTINGPIGMENT PRINTING

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DYE AND PIGMENTDIFFERENCE BETWEEN DYE AND PIGMENT

PIGMENTPIGMENT

NO AFFINITY TO FIBRENO AFFINITY TO FIBRE

INSOLUBLE IN WATERINSOLUBLE IN WATER

NEED BINDER FOR FIXATION ONTO FIBRENEED BINDER FOR FIXATION ONTO FIBRE

DYEDYE

AFFININTY TO FIBREAFFININTY TO FIBRE

WATER SOLUBLE OR CAN BE MADE WATER WATER SOLUBLE OR CAN BE MADE WATER SOLUBLE. EXCEPTION DISPERSE DYESOLUBLE. EXCEPTION DISPERSE DYE

HELD ON FIBRE DYE-FIBRE INTERACTIVE FORCESHELD ON FIBRE DYE-FIBRE INTERACTIVE FORCES

BINDERBINDER

IT IS PRE-POLYMER AVAILABLE IN THE IT IS PRE-POLYMER AVAILABLE IN THE FORM OF AQUESOUS EMULSION (MILK FORM OF AQUESOUS EMULSION (MILK LIKE SOLUTION)LIKE SOLUTION)

CHEMICAL NATURECHEMICAL NATURE

COPOLYMER OF STYRENE-BUTYL COPOLYMER OF STYRENE-BUTYL ACRYLATE-N-METHYLOL ACRYL AMIDE ACRYLATE-N-METHYLOL ACRYL AMIDE

MECHANISM OF BINDINGMECHANISM OF BINDING

SEQUENCESEQUENCE

PRINT > DRY > CURE (DRY HEAT)PRINT > DRY > CURE (DRY HEAT)

DURING CURING: BINDER POLYMERISES AND DURING CURING: BINDER POLYMERISES AND FORMS A STRONG FILMFORMS A STRONG FILM

BINDER FILM EMBEDES PIGMENT COLOUR AND BINDER FILM EMBEDES PIGMENT COLOUR AND ALSO STRONGLY ADHARES TO THE FIBREALSO STRONGLY ADHARES TO THE FIBRE

CHOICE OF THICKENERCHOICE OF THICKENER

CONVENTIONAL THICKENER USED FOR DYE CONVENTIONAL THICKENER USED FOR DYE PRINTING ARE NOT SUITABLEPRINTING ARE NOT SUITABLE

THEY INTERACT WITH BINDER AND REDUCE ITS THEY INTERACT WITH BINDER AND REDUCE ITS INTERATION WITH FIBRE. THUS AFFECTING THE INTERATION WITH FIBRE. THUS AFFECTING THE FASTNESS PROPERTIESFASTNESS PROPERTIES

SUITABLE THICKENERSSUITABLE THICKENERS

EMULSION THICKENER – ZERO SOLID CONTENT EMULSION THICKENER – ZERO SOLID CONTENT THICKENERTHICKENER

SYNTHETIC THICKENER - VERY LOW SOLID SYNTHETIC THICKENER - VERY LOW SOLID CONTENT THICKENER CONTENT THICKENER

EMULSION THICKENEREMULSION THICKENER

OBTAINED BY EMULSIFICATION OF TWO OBTAINED BY EMULSIFICATION OF TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS WITH THE HELP OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS WITH THE HELP OF EMULSIFIEREMULSIFIER

TWO TYPESTWO TYPES

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONOIL-IN-WATER EMULSION

WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONWATER-IN-OIL EMULSION

COMMONLY USED IS OIL-IN-WATER COMMONLY USED IS OIL-IN-WATER

PREPARATION OF OIL-IN-WATER PREPARATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONEMULSION

BINDERBINDER 100 PARTS100 PARTS

WATERWATER 100-150 PARTS100-150 PARTSEMULSIFIEREMULSIFIER 20 PARTS20 PARTSUREAUREA 20 PARTS20 PARTSCMC (4-6% PASTE)CMC (4-6% PASTE) 10 PARTS10 PARTSKEROSENE OIL ORKEROSENE OIL OR 750-800 PARTS750-800 PARTSMINERAL TURPENTINE MINERAL TURPENTINE OILOILVERY SLOW ADDITION OF OILVERY SLOW ADDITION OF OILCONTINUOUS HIGH SPEED STIRRINGCONTINUOUS HIGH SPEED STIRRING

EMULSIFIER: REDUCE SURFACE ENERGY BETWEEN OIL AND WATEREMULSIFIER: REDUCE SURFACE ENERGY BETWEEN OIL AND WATERUREA: HYGROSCOPIC AGENT, MINIMIZE WATER EVAPORATION IN UREA: HYGROSCOPIC AGENT, MINIMIZE WATER EVAPORATION IN CONTINUOUS PHASECONTINUOUS PHASECMC: PROTECTIVE COLLOIDCMC: PROTECTIVE COLLOID

EMULSION THICKENEREMULSION THICKENER

MERITSMERITS

IDEAL FOR PIGMENT PRINTINGIDEAL FOR PIGMENT PRINTING

DEMERITSDEMERITS

INFLAMMABLE- FIRE HAZARDSINFLAMMABLE- FIRE HAZARDS

AIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

HIGH COSTHIGH COST

FABRIC SMELL DUE TO RESIDUAL K.OIL OR FABRIC SMELL DUE TO RESIDUAL K.OIL OR MTO. NOT ACCEPTABLE IN EXPORT MTO. NOT ACCEPTABLE IN EXPORT MARKETMARKET

SYNTHETIC THICKENERSYNTHETIC THICKENER

CHEMICAL NATURECHEMICAL NATURE

HIGH MOL.Wt. COPOLYMERS OF ACRYLIC HIGH MOL.Wt. COPOLYMERS OF ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACIDOR METHACRYLIC ACID

HAVE FREE –COOH GROUPS ON HAVE FREE –COOH GROUPS ON POLYMERIC CHAINS WHICH PLAY IMP. POLYMERIC CHAINS WHICH PLAY IMP. ROLE IN VISCOSITY BUILD UPROLE IN VISCOSITY BUILD UP

TRADE PRODUCTS: AQUEOUS EMULSION, TRADE PRODUCTS: AQUEOUS EMULSION, ACID pHACID pH

CONCENTRATION FOR PRINTABLE CONCENTRATION FOR PRINTABLE VISCOSIT 1-2%VISCOSIT 1-2%

MECHANISM OF THICKENINGMECHANISM OF THICKENING

SYNTHETIC THICKENER IN ACID FORMSYNTHETIC THICKENER IN ACID FORM

WATER INSOLUBLE, LOW VISCOSITY, NON-IONIZED –COOH WATER INSOLUBLE, LOW VISCOSITY, NON-IONIZED –COOH GROUPSGROUPS

SYNTHETIC THICKENER IN NEUTRIZED FORMSYNTHETIC THICKENER IN NEUTRIZED FORM

WATER SOLUBLE, SWELLABLE, HIGH VISCOSITYWATER SOLUBLE, SWELLABLE, HIGH VISCOSITY

IONIZED –COOH GROUPSIONIZED –COOH GROUPS

SYNTHETIC THICKENERSYNTHETIC THICKENER

MERITSMERITS

NO AIR POLLUTIONNO AIR POLLUTION

NO RISK OF FIRE AND EXPLOSIONNO RISK OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION

NO SPECIAL STORAGE REQUIREMENTSNO SPECIAL STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

NO FABRIC SMELLNO FABRIC SMELL

DEMERITSDEMERITS

ELECTRLYTE SENSITIVITYELECTRLYTE SENSITIVITY

SLIGHTLY DULL PRINTS AND HARSH SLIGHTLY DULL PRINTS AND HARSH FABRIC FEELFABRIC FEEL

LONGER DRYING TIMELONGER DRYING TIME

PREPARATION OF THICKENER PREPARATION OF THICKENER PASTEPASTE

BINDERBINDER 100 PARTS100 PARTS

WATER WATER 80-890 PARTS80-890 PARTS

SYNTH. THICKENERSYNTH. THICKENER 10-20 PARTS10-20 PARTS

LIQUOR AMMONIALIQUOR AMMONIA TO pH 8TO pH 8

PRINT PASTE COMPOSITIONPRINT PASTE COMPOSITION

PIGMENT COLOURPIGMENT COLOUR X PARTSX PARTS

THICKENER PASTETHICKENER PASTE TO MAKE 1000 PARTSTO MAKE 1000 PARTS

DIAMM. PHOSPHATEDIAMM. PHOSPHATE 10 PARTS10 PARTS

MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE 10 PARTSMELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE 10 PARTS

SEUENCESEUENCE

PRINT > DRY > CURE AT 140-150PRINT > DRY > CURE AT 140-1500 0 C FOR 4-5 C FOR 4-5 MIN. MIN.

NO WASHNO WASH

MERITS AND DEMERITSMERITS AND DEMERITS

PRACTICALLY ALL TYPES OF FIBRES AND BLENDS PRACTICALLY ALL TYPES OF FIBRES AND BLENDS CAN BE PRINTEDCAN BE PRINTED

PIGMENT COLOURS CAN BE READILY MIXED WITH PIGMENT COLOURS CAN BE READILY MIXED WITH EACH OTHER TO GET QUICK SHADE MATCHINGEACH OTHER TO GET QUICK SHADE MATCHING

NO AFTER TREATMENT SUCH AS WASHING, NO AFTER TREATMENT SUCH AS WASHING, SOAPING REQUIREDSOAPING REQUIRED

DEMERITSDEMERITS

HARSH FABRIC FEEL DUE TO BINDER FILMHARSH FABRIC FEEL DUE TO BINDER FILM

LOW RUBBING FASTNESSLOW RUBBING FASTNESS