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Computational Thinking
Abstraction
Using techniques such as abstraction,
decomposition, and algorithmic thinking to
solve a complex problem
Picking out the most important elements of
a problem and ignoring the irrelevant
details
Decomposition
Algorithm
A series of logical steps which can be
taken to solve a problem
LC Computer Science – Computational thinking
Breaking down a complex problem into
smaller, more manageable
problems
A simplified coding language without
any specific syntax
Pseudocode
Flowchart
A diagram used to show a process. Often used to
show algorithm functionality using
shapes and arrows.
A data value that can be changed
Variable
Constant
A data value that always remains
the same
LC Computer Science – Computational Thinking
A simulation method to
examine interaction between a group of ‘agents’ in order to understand their
behaviour
Agent-based Modelling
Model
A representation of a real-life system or
situation using technology
Agent
Emergent behaviour
LC Computer Science – Agent-Based Modelling
In the context of ABMs, the agent makes
decisions based on the environment they are in
A behaviour noticed when a group of agents
are observed interacting with each
other
A character set more commonly known as ASCII
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
ASCII
The most popular English character set which
represents 128 different characters using 7-bit
binary codes
Uses 8-bit binary codes, allowing for the
representation of 128 more characters than the original ASCII character
set
Extended ASCII
Unicode
A character set which can represent emojis and characters from
most major world languages
LC Computer Science - ASCII/Unicode
A set of rules which determine the way data is transmitted across a network
Protocol
HTTP
Protocol seen at the beginning of a web
address used communicate with a
web server
Secure version of HTTP. Necessary for online payments and
access to online banking
HTTPS
Internet Protocol
Governs the sending of data over the Internet
LC Computer Science - Communication Protocols
Sends voice data over the Internet. Used in many communication applications such as
Skype and WhatsApp
VoIP
Transmission Control Protocol
Ensures correct transmission of data
packets over a network
An address that is used to identify a
device on a network
MAC address
Uniform Resource Locator
The unique address of a web page or resource on the
Web
LC Computer Science - Communication Protocols
Enabling computers to carry out tasks that
humans do, to the same standard as a human
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Computer systems and programs gradually
becoming more accurate and precise without direct input from a programmer
The developer of the Turing Machine (an important
mathematical machine in the development of
computers as they are today)
Alan Turing
Augmented Reality
An enhanced version of the real world
created using technology
LC Computer Science - Computers and Society
The first high-level programming
language, created by Grace Hopper in 1953
A-0
Cloud computing
Using services hosted on the
Internet
The most common computer architecture used. It is composed of the CPU, input and output devices, a
bus and memory
Von Neumann Architecture
Cryptography
LC Computer Science – Computers and Society
The encryption and decoding of messages
sent through a computer
The morals that govern the decisions we make
(i.e. what is considered to be right and wrong)
Ethics
Stakeholder
Someone who has interest in or is affected by a
particular situation
Where we live and our surroundings (which
we must aim to conserve and protect)
Environment
Tim Berners-Lee
The inventor of the World Wide
Web (1989)
LC Computer Science - Ethics
The controlling of what people can
view on the Internet
Censorship
Surveillance
The monitoring of what people are viewing on the
Internet
The use of social media to intentionally
cause harm to someone else
Cyberbullying
General Data Protection
Regulation Act
An act brought in to protect people’s
personal information when it is collected
and processed
LC Computer Science - Ethics
Base 2 number system.
Represented by the digits 1 and 0
Binary
Denary
Base 10 number system, also known as decimal. The number system we
use in daily life (1,2,3,4,5,etc.)
Base 16 number system. Represented
by digits 1-9 and letters A-F
Hexadecimal
Bit
One single binary digit (1
or 0)
LC Computer Science - Data
4 bits (binary digits)
Nibble
Byte
8 bits (binary digits)
1024 bytes
Kilobyte
Megabyte
1024 kilobytes
LC Computer Science - Data
1024 megabytes
Gigabyte
Terabyte
1024 gigabytes
1024 terabytes
Petabyte
Data type
Used to classify data based on its intended use. (E.g.
strings are used to store text whilst integers and floats are used for number data)
LC Computer Science - Data
Data type used to store text (such as
names and surnames)
String
Integer
Data type used to store positive and
negative whole numbers
Data type used to store numbers with decimal points. Also known as a floating
point number
Float
Boolean
Data type used for true/false statements
LC Computer Science - Data
ALU
AI
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
Basic Input Output System
Artificial Intelligence
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Arithmetic Logic Unit
BIOS
Central Processing Unit
CPU
CSS Cascading
Style Sheets
Comma-separated values
CSV
GB Gigabyte
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Graphical User Interface
HyperText Transfer Protocol
HyperText Markup Language
HTTP
HTML
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
GUI
GDPR
General Data Protection Regulation
HyperText
Transfer Protocol Secure
KB
Internet of Things
Kilobyte
IoT
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
IP
Internet Protocol
HTTPS
Operating System
LED
OS
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Megabyte
Light Emitting Diode
Local Area Network
MB
LAN
Personal Computer
RAM
ROM
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Read Only Memory
Random Access Memory
Portable Network Graphics
PC
PNG
IP
HyperText Transfer
Protocol Secure
JavaScript
HTTPS
JS
Internet of Things
Internet Protocol
IoT
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Transmission Control Protocol
Uniform Resource Locator
TCP
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
UI
URL
KB Kilobyte
User Interface
World Wide Web
WIMP
WWW
USB
LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations
Universal Serial Bus
Wide Area Network
WAN
Windows, Icons, Menus and
Pointers
Integrated Development Environment
Universal Design
User Interface
IDE
The designing of a product so that
anyone can use it
LC Computer Science - Software Design and Development
What the user sees and interacts with
when using a device
User-centered Design
A design process that prioritises the
needs and wants of the user
LC Computer Science – Software Design and Development
Structured Query Language
SQL
When an algorithm (or function) calls itself until
a particular condition (termination condition) is
met
Recursion
High-level Programming
Language
Programming language that is easy to write in for humans. It
must be converted into machine code for the
computer to understand it
The repetition of steps in a process
Iteration
LC Computer Science – World Wide Web and Internet
A server which utilises the Internet
to store files and data
Cloud
Internet
A global network of networks which
connects devices all over the world
A system of connected files and web pages hosted
on the Internet
World Wide Web