Piana G.,History and Existence in Husserl's Manuscripts

8/3/2019 Piana G.,History and Existence in Husserl's Manuscripts

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History and Existencein Husserl's ManuscriptsbyG ]O'!lJJ!iJ.FJ.]p ] a : m t a .

" T . . 1 . . ' "osOCILobeE is

1972t E , ( i l U o r , : : l t J : f J ' I ' ,PfCC,DIJ/ f /Ma~ iNJ l r nB IIEdi lo : r : 'ot:ridfJ Tu ,mmVDSt R e . Y 1 l e w E ; d i i b J l ' r : 'oul ,Brelntip \ F o d I U 1cd,oli1lSlid': ,Ef;( l$. 'V~qn'ton~ tUJfflrr i )S HuJ /~ B en M,ijusk()vtc~


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The~ tlil le 'm e o f this w tnk is , H:u '~serJ: "s ltheory Oir intersuibjlectiVitYt lD,d itm,ds,t : 'be'mtr loc iu lced, by Ic lab,Qra ' t lng, th e phe l1ome :R IQ~og i!cd p r log tlllD to th e Cl' l ' t ique , 0 /MJ!OD~ III it'[" with Cledam i sm : - - ,pprch:_: :d &0 -n m a P i Y dhe ' t ions fCODl~ ~o -_ --Ib_~ ,-t, o t . - - ,Im f> - ,. ;~_~" roou, ' _I ~_ 1- U,.-., L _,-'prob lem, '0'_ , , ' _ I _ : d fOI nd-,tiO'D :ror pbilo sopbi, _, I ., -ldF~,-Ie '",' _ lby I~UImves tiB ~te 'lh e ' t h - : - i o ' ( e t i c i d gen ,es is , o f 'th e ,t heme l , ;dOIl1B ,he ']m e s 'th a ,t lead, I : r o , m , ' I~helc r is is o f th lo 'llg h,'I: ,m dl'e ,na tu r -a i iS ' tic , a U i t u d e , _ , lex - ,mpn f i l~d 'b y :scepU cism :and


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Hi,',.- -..II n_~..,. " ,-, ~ iIJi.~, ' , ,_11SEOlY an u ~tenee' lD,uuli8u

perrcely:mg it, land, in , : l tupimg it b :, ' 'th e IIIse ,o fYa: r ious , I i m , p l ,e oe , c ' omp~exin stru m en ts , o f ' investiga,tion. If I m ak e a m is tak e an d if'.in rep ea tin ,g th eex per ie:r u:es . w h a t is g iven as : lexpeden ced to rn s , ou t tol 'be i lluSiuy , J s : h a l l b8 ,ableto lm ,pm ve Ull lems:t l1! l IDe:Dts, o f 'v ed fiea 'tio n , Ib " d e e'I'o p~, 'othe, ' , a p P f l O O c h e s , ete,am , dUs,lev-el" : in,whiehth.e llbjecll i s , :DaiNraflr an,d Im l lC t l y ,1 i ,YeR, '~D,lmowtedl,e,th e p ro blem o f th e ,po,rdb;l~ty , o f k now iDg , d,oes n o t ar lse ,~4 I k n o ,w an d t O O t , D,enough. 'T o pose the quest ion : uHow can I 'know what I see in front of me"seem s to ru ,rJ[ a g a i n s ' t c ,c :o n m l .O D sense"'~ T h e s : c e : P I U C S : ' aqumelJt J e a d , s ; , ' 1 , 0 ' this:"~absu ' lrd '~ ' p l1obme'm. It: :a ppeal.s tm tb :e b ,po i :h e s is , Iqt ' :ao.WllU~pecta:ble ,deJceit and,:~s' O 'R f!O! ma i o im i n th e niho f ' I dle I lypJ lf h e '~S:,fOf 'C iq : : i ' tu ra).- mo\Ville~ge:ioto,3 , ,clontinuous seil '~yerif ica, t ioD.T,he sedOUSDISS o f 'this. : Iame :8'ppears in . th eim,plic.it request 'to diseuss the i n d : i , 5 p u t a b i U t : y of 'tb,~fact that, :in g ~ : m u : a 1 , . "~Imow"". ! wh a t i ss r sl ted! fo ,.r ls a JUaran.t .eem pdl1dple , wh i c h j lmt i6es, the: vaUdl i ty 'o f m y ,ac tu al a s wel l as ,o r JevelJ possib.lebo-_- ledp..T h e :soepIU:-cwbo seeb ,110 'deelorpl :h is s n ep ticmn , :mlo iii ' systematic ' flumr:fetica1 ela ho ra tio n d lDS: : nec es sar,O .yin to ,c o ns tan t ,coD.lr,adictioml~Bu't d ie p o s itiY 'e Ill.d , t'ba:t h e ,coascloUls: ty 'D ru nco nsc io us ly brin gs , lout i s that of ' a , 'c r iti cal f O Q ,n d a t ic m o f ' knowled :p ' a s, s u ch .Re:admg' Hum e s timu l ar t,es : JC a :n .tto ,r ,ea ibe'tbe : i m I U J ' M n , g :projeet. o f' ,I c r iUqu-,o f I,~ aSOD : : f o r Bu_d ' th is :bas , a n , e I l e m p l l r y me.IRi 'o l l"-a .ma: P I 1 O , O ,edsJ so- -lea;elruU rad :penetm tiql:y m oo kw,es, t i g l t iQ iD Iball , 'b e b i r i m i J $ '1106ihtt'liepmaldlox o f k oO 'w l_d ,ge based OB 'l f t tenawr:ai i s t ic ut ikldie" th e ni ,gma of th eencounter between the immanent operation of cognition and tbe t ranscendence, o f ,the , o h j e c ' l : uAJI cogn: inUOIDo f the :natu,f,aI s ort,. :es pec ia U y th e~ p " r e s i c l e : o U f i c " isIcognit ion Whi cb ~es ,ils , o bjiec ;tb~adIen .1 :~, l ' lPOlhs , !objects as"existen:t"


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tlLUS

v~s jbBi ty of the Fen: 'tlte; p h , e n O U H ! n O l l l . If I. s u s p ef t4th eltb les ~s o f ex is :ten ,o e a doo.m~!de:,f j [ ,e3f i I ' t J " a,s"heaa_;B.o.~, '~1Ieb:allsoolld,e:DJt it:self. ,eBndnal te~dl : what :ma1 .1 ied iDow'is themoda:HtY~ o f th e : C"ODfU3GtiOR'b'ltwe,en 1 ~ I : o o n s , c i o U S B e l S , i ' t ' ,mi,its,object . 'Deai l l ingM, ' t I t ti s rennnec:tiglD d o e s , not i lmp l , y~ , ra, tbe:r " it e x } c b J , d e s , ~ , Ibe:t . : r ,a n s c .e r u : i e :n t a s sL l m p UOl l o f t h e o bj,ec t t.o w ,a rd sw h ic h "eo nsc lo usn es s" t r a n -wemd s :j,ts elf::'l'lela tin .g ~imd f~to -tr~eBd em , t ..thmls:w:I:le,d:te[ it is m ean .t. m dOs 101d i a t w : a y "is , s t i l l . :ID B m e . f e a : t u : f e ' 'G f id te p ; h eD nm eD I IlI l~ I ''J ? Biyradieall, a . o o e p t i ' 1 l l ,th e s cep tic al l l 10poMi w e ' i8 'OmJ to 'Ike mteD. i funa l i , c f lBs ideEa! !uoR ,oif 'bl~dn,~~11'the, i n ! e l ' l l t J o ' n a l i t y ' ( ) , f ' tbereJ,Ifjon R:main!, ,ooil!~ealed, 'the$tlC1pIUC lN iU m aintain. lha.t ;t te:h as dem on s tra t,ed th e tbem 'en c a l c on .fl1 sio .n 'betw een l'ea litya :l'1 d, f ic t ion , .Al ' l t bo1 l l l p ,be l t as lIm ,delt0 e4R. a . ICfJi ' t ique o f th e oatlUl" ' QWU l l e p t ,oftr:aBsceooe.oe'e,.!~ae!I."'e:IP![g.JP'Qsecs: ,i t ' e ' ~ D i f o n 1 i . Y as ,m '~.ltemal.~oaD,yoel:a:tiye lumit.~Tm o1U 'IJ lO le : r edfu ic tio J !ltt l G te l i w r B i l 'o [p i te oo ,m leo .d ll,lb e : ,d is :t in , c tioBbe twee iOilnm~q:lIeJl ' lm d tfanKlim.d)ent doe;s, :n 'ot dl isa ,ppea l 'but : i s , l igorDruSiy Ul.pbeld.m I-c ;o :m p~ete , re .fo !fmu la tion~ rather,. wha t is elim ina .tec1 . is tbenaive , a s s . u . m p t i o D o f'IDe m~i~,sel f~ 'The COD~le"t. ,ofbein;g m . itself is : a p J 1 ' ''p b U , C l l i J ,p r u ; c a J . ,oof t .oe,tIde~~peil. widUn tile u a:tu :m tism rre,O ec tio R. P he.n om el1 olo lY ,rejects ' i ' ln i lYe' f e a l i s r D 1 i "~ wbi,cll, is fOl iced W I :_t :1 .. noJ~ee , o , f i t C S i I C ilC W D :scleiDOOciity m,dI.s c : i e : n , c e , s , b l l S e , d , o I D . 1 h e n.bllJal a t t i t u d e . , 'Y e lt " ~~I~nlt}At: ietTLD_Hemde:nt .aI . P : _ b i l o -sopby,whicb e~p'h asjzes dec is i.on from the beg in n :in ,g " Is nei tbero:penlynoIc o "ertly fm e :f l.tlm eam .philoloph;y:" a IdeoompOli ' t ioD o f , coMciousness . o f ' t . k ewodd , ~lIoro f th e w o ,.r ld . itseH Dl DctbJD" be.ee" , ,HI ID~e s a y s , todl.", 3 . ' f ( p b U . o o o p _ y


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fot"pheoome'f to lo ' IY' to ,deep,enti le : m e a n ~ l l g o f th e ~ 1 J l : b j ' e c f . : i v e pol 'e o f ' th e re~a,t ion. ,I , m u : s t p 'I 'o c e : e d . tO I de:te rm i n e: th e : meam ing ,CQDte , J l t s o f th e e go in o rder to clruti(yw h a t :m u st be UIld,ersktOd as :pheaome,n ,Q log icd d,esc.dption., In fa 'Cit. it :SleeDlS ' that'b, JleiIfQ, ,o f ' 1 I h J ~ :(J,bel l l ,omeaolo:gical [ ,educUOll Oll,e ' C c a D , :a.Uain", , e : m , e : r ; l i n l : f W D 1 . t ih e :oatunl attitude : u u i . from, Keptic~, kDD,w1edl~'b,aledon ,a D au,tOftOlD(NS, andv,aJid f o u : D , d a t i o n . 'T his is n ow lo[ D 'S on ly th e " 'who " o f th e i n ten t iona l , [ I , l a t i o , n : : ,: n , e u h e r ,3 .u,t l t inkins ' t h i n , S , " no r ,I ('hun:m:n~r', H o w e : v e r t, 'ber fQlfecla,d'fyi.~,th is ", we':u e fa c ed 'w ith a , :p,dncipledl ,obj~tjOD,: if tile 'oibject o:fpbeDo.meD!ol'~,! k ' no iw l~dg~ is , e s s e . i i a i l l l l y liefenedto a s u bj,e d,g ;e ' po, te~ , , e i , t i m [ U u s , ,buJwledgJ:reduces 'to, mere privateness '1lmsrenoDooinl ,any o bje c 't iv ,e va i 'idU y ,o r, if it:p :m ten ds 'to be objec tive, it 'mu ' s t p~odu , c e ' t '~anscend,'ent. i 'es~ thus liehIU,o~ucing,d.oubi't, a g , l i A s , ! i , t s : oWn a s : ! n i m p , t i , o ! 1 l ~ . l . 1 The, prnblem of t i l e ~~o,bjef:tiv:i,IY'" o fkn(1 ,w~edge is n o t o nly ' ,an alo go us bu t ita, ,I c on sequ en - _ '- o f that, ,o f'tr an s ce 'Rdenoe . . Fo r dtoulhl based un 'lbe a alu ra liStic aU im d Je" , ac tRa I ,OJ ' poss ib leknoWledge 'of the in~itsell is , truth iin-i'r.lf. 'W e : f i n d . ,oo:rselvesqUo in tlollble' oJdy~fih ,e , C r i ti q 'U ! 8 S ofthieootufal , I conoept ,of ' [ the km!owledge r C l f l tr a : n s .o e n d e n c edoes n o t fo llo w th e ,c r itiq n es ,o f th e na tu ra l cO .n cep ,t ef tran sc en clen ce. B u t Itmake s no l sense ' tOI c()"mpu,e the nain ,objeetwi~y o f Im o"w led;ge ,and ' the:'subj,Klmty 'o f ' p k o ,om :eDo lo ,lic a ), d i i s c o U l r s : e ' " 'h i . Ike: : ia ' lJeD'l i ,oosl per :spet lu.ve1 "sub jec tWe~ ' md, ,'.pdY,a te '11 d l o , : oo t eloimcidl: and, objecti\lity a v a J i ] d i t , , . fO f~I'olbea,n'[,emains to be 'e'-x pla in ed . H ere it [s po,ssibl,e to .ra is ea s ec o nd Mild m!o~es e d o u B ,o b j r e c ; t i o D o n pr inc ip le : w hat c an ' t h e express ion, "the , o t . n e r s ' " m ean fo r u sif " afte ' ! f th e :Md luc t i on~ we ( J i J d y know 'o 'f I,pD ,I",enom ..,itu:mao disembodied~ ' u m q u e ~

8l1." ; 1 1


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l l~ ,e l ,udes , dIe: pO!! is ibi l l i ty Df nOl i , 'III",!; ab ,ob1 t : he :kDo 'WD. , I. '2 T h ,e ,th es is ,concerning the existence of the: world does not h av e this charscter of'_ -- liii - -,a p o dic d c i.! ty : th e ,c1 oo tio glo cy o f th e 'pro po siti,o D ,"'th e woda ' is '" ,can be :~tiutedh ec aa s - ,ev c lY i f a c ' l (Rak ' tu ' , . ) ' is c o . m m . , e o t : a a d , fh wo,r ld , i s , a , 'f.act~13 Thecertamity of 'die l em: lmce ,0(' 'lhe:wodd ' w m c , b W'G USlIm and m , 'MUd! '~,Iwe:beUever ' j s solelye',mpiri~aI: ~JCN'otbmg;s~pelksm - f ayo l ' of t he ' nOIl~:encfl: '0 1 t he :wo d d 't ev ,er yth in g ~splulks in fa v o r o f it:9 existence. "'14 Y et the , oppo,site thesisc o n cern in g 'th e n o .ex ism RC e o f th e 'w o lld :. m ut I&lf~lo .g tf jad ic to~y: ,1 , oold ,dthink th at d Jc 'ba rm , o.c . styl.tof e :xpem.ce :whicb , i g W e 'S , m e die 'w


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9 1 .

flad o u rselv es in ' soUpsi 'sm, bu t w e con s c i( lu 's ly 'ta ke it to be a d ev ic e, a . mentalexper iment (Gedanse 'n ,ex :per i f t i en t ) ,19 a : f i& t i O [ l '"2 , 0 , Certain ly" me th o dic al 's olip "sism 8,000 po&esmo : [ e th an ,o n e pro'bJe,,, bu t , I t c anno , ' he resolved" " b y a,ppe81in:1to U te : I O b v i , o , u ' s , , ; m , d , O ' I, d i n : a . r - , d J a t y b e : i I \ & a n d , tli ' I cer ta in t . " 'lbat :U , ,eDliil's. 'R a , l h e : f : l ''wha t : u n e e d l e d , is die con,s;tj ,tuti .ve' f m : m l d a U o D , o f mhemcs s , on the, basis D'( ap h en ome n o lo g lc el a p'o d ~cU c ityw~dchb ' a i ' S c l o , s e d by the ve ry scep tl e- so li p s ts ti crequirement, Pr'edse),),because tb e: pbenomen61 ,og ic :u me tbcu J p la c :e:s ,im , po,r tmeeof the: IOtip,swc d:o,ubt it , p oms th eib ,e:1 l1 le o f : m f c l J ; s u . b j , e c t i , v i : 1 : y as i,ts neeeaalYt&sk,.,21

II.10 fO:Uowimg,the ma i o , lines o f HlIsHr. '~ 's theory of' lEmf l le 'h1mng_, file g,oup' of

DamyS! ~,me .1 to I des c rib e th e l e : x p e d : e , B c e ,o f :~jecd"e ,odlemess- w e , .1lit:em ph a s iz e th e' fact tbM In , domg so . , 'W _ ar l i , c 'o m . s ;l a n t ~ , y ~m, ( f r i n l e n a'tr;ansoe:ndlelltal ground: th e other i s , :p"eo as ,8 . p h e n ome n o n : among otherpheno ,m .en a .o ,f th .e d es enp tiv e s pher e outlined 'by 'the l 'educ tion . to th e ego eogiso.We are n o t in th e :m er e 'em p :ir ic a l e.xistenoe-'"where the other is already there ~. . .. ..' A~ '.,- "iI.,_ , ..:'ii,~ ~UI .I.;". . ' 1 1 1 d 'n s w,.y~ It R m ;a U !I,S even m , Its, a poW lc tb ::J .ty '" m o i"W1 tIl!Atm l ,wn il a u m e rea~, : a : D , ,p ' , ( ) s s i b l l t doub t s w.i th :respecttol3 g iye :nsUoat ioJ i l ' ? And th a t it eannot bearbUruil ,y d : e s : t r 0 1 y ' , e d l " altboupth.esingle ,leallties~ a lwa:ys in the , sml l ,e reaL1J.situation~ could be ,doubted and fi,en t ,DO ,of'en they undergo! a b'anHonnatioo,'0,( y,alidiJty b" passm., f r om : beiIC 't o ' a , ppeEane 1e1


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92 TELOS

and" therefore, there is , no need to constitute him.:13 If we posit the problem ofhis constitution, this is because the "empirical" assumption is not yetmean i ng f u l by itself. O u r problem is o f u n ders ta nd in g Jn its ow n meaning, freefrom every metaphysical hypothesisand f r om all obviousness, thepresence tome, 'O f th e other as a.being subjectively foreign:~"iWe must; after al1~obtain forourselves insight into the;-explicit a nd , Implleit inte'ntionaHty wherein the alterego becomesevinced and verified in the realm of our transcendental ego; wemust discover in what intenUonalities, SYIitlle.ses,motivations~ the sense "otherego" becomes fashioned in m e an d , u n der th e. title, harmonious, exper ience ofsomeone else, becomes verified as existing and even as itself there in its ownmanner."'24 -

The transcendental constitution o f th e ofher a s such Is basic. to r everyformation: of being-there-for-everyene, therefore of "objectivity' in the broadsen se, o f th e w or ld as nature and culture. Through it, ' one must c om e to "auniversal history in the sense that emanating from Viithin, it renders possible fO Ime in particular the objective world, "2.5The "bracketing" required for an. adequate thematization of subjectiveotherness applies to all subjects which present themselves 'as . strangers and theformations, which imply o the rnes s " directly or indirectly, This s p ec ia l r ed u c tiv e .operation aims at defining what belongs first and foremost to. the .lin order toeventually come to a positive explication of the experience of the other : i n its,onginality, Initial! solipsism is brought to the extreme limit because thebracketing 'is now turned. to extraneous intentional meaning,$ in their ownreduced phenomenal form .,The reduction of the objective sciences and of the world leads to.the e go


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be[n ,g h a s bec o m e :8 , ,c o r~ela tiv ,e ph en om en on , to th e pu n t tran sc en den ta l ego,When I carry ou t a fu .rth e.[ epoch! 011. U t e meao .in g "~'o be'r ';~ th e e ,g , o is r etu rnedto its, c " :p r op r le ty " . i~I,. la the tmnseementtil' ,fDld concrete I it,e,If~:I" .Depd,ed o f'ewry :su 'bjectiYe : l iD l e , I I I 'tioo ' b B i & U l e s , Dline~Le., , o . r all 'U m lw h l.cb 'can 'b e m . b l U i o m d ! ,under ~-cUltu,re~', the" '--wol ld f~ ' i s , only m y wor ld but, fo r' th e :s3IlO:e reasoo", i f _ isalso l o :n iP "nature", Nature . its e lf ,~e (g ,enhe 'i ll:i 'CheNa,rur) is not '~M,ere :natu:fle"'asthe cibj,ect (If "selence" w hicb s :,tiU ho lds , ev 'en t h o ug h , it is o b t a i : m e : d J , b : yabs t r ac i b t , g flom ,e v e ry h um a , n - c u it 'D r n ],m eam il::l1 the: c h a ra c te r o f ' b e i D , g . . .t h e : [ e -'or-eefJo1le.~ IOf objectivity, . Ral lber , l ' it is 1 e : s s . eD l ' t i a l l y p e , [ C e p . t - io . n i.e " thein tendo :m 3 I. ,c omnc c tio nbetween I iliQg : pe'{ f Je i.'l i'o g corporeali1ty and] , perceived, o b j : e e . t i v l t y , .T he red tlcU o~ o f t ,J ;3! I . lsc~ l1denta l subj,ecU vU y to ' u:m.y~' being , Q(r th e s u , b j , e : c t - ,, reve. U s onginal na t u r a ] ,character.: ilts essent iaJ being in an d '01 , a body . ..L . iv in l,ilDldl prceir ing, 'ClOlpO['eatity is lorigin.aiIbec8 !o&eof lhe raet 'Itha,t :i is th e u)'limate'dlomam wide' l l I [ I e a c b , t h m : U . , g h the roouc l i ' f c process, bl'olllght to th e Hmiit,:i'iis,th,e foundation o f lev,e:rypossible ex per ien ce o f 'th e wodd.lB Itts, so to say, thesphere 1 ( ) : f a i b s ( . I , I u t e " 's o U p - s i ,s m ': ' ~ or, in Hussed ian te : rmiDology~ t h e sphe"e o f,primo,dinlllity 'O i i" ,ego log i ca1 pdmo [di a U t }" : 19 that wbich is a,btioin1:ely first. illroy'l b e : b l , u ; a s a n I~ ,,md l th ' u 'S fU l , t ',et a n I J.-DlIn' " ' I~ 'b u 'l.~ p u r e a d . :mnp:~. le: g e a s i b W r y " , .30Whan t m ak es th e I ,a D I is n o t an l emp l~y ' essenoe ,bmt finl M' / 'b1 'enwst ' the'p e fc 'e ivm ; g ,o pe r:a t in g of tbe body .

T h e redu c tio n to , th e' p r im e nU a l lead s tO I a ll, in ten ta l. o u tlin in g; o ,'f t h e ,sm ,bjec t1 ve po le o fU re in m n t io :n _ a I re h lU o D , t hu s ]mmedb:tely 'p ro po s in g a ,lDeomlL n eptiidy ,co otrn m U ltSieo ltol ' t h e o tb le r . . F l I , r t ! h e . n n ~ l I ' , e " :iIt 'ut ' - ,85 pas ' ible


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JEWS

per,cetveld bod ies :; w h a t m ak es th e bo dy 'P ercep tively g iven as , " 'an im a ted '~ an d, '.' "other ' ' ' is DOt itse~fpr lesent: I ( s e f b s t " " i d a ) t b ut eo -p res en t (m l ; t . .da) ' . 'W e des ignate ' O t emte,J'1[ti.onal,perceptw:e c r which briDp, tO I !_venn,elS t i m e Dither ,1 8; Si1 l1 C h by th ele:nn l"PlI,aenlatiorJ,.3,2"c'lll th e 'pe, f ,cept ioD Iiwlll :i n le :f& c t iv e o r i ; g h l i l < a i l i i t y "JlhawQl rd " th e CO I p !(J ([ls lily !D l f th e D id ier . 'If I sa:) , ; I l tbis, :ma u , : ilp r es ea t :m :r les h a nd ,blood; 'p , recisely w h a t renders h im a perso n, w Rat: iam m a ;tes i'th ls m a ter i.a1 bo dlyb,Y e ,o :n ferd n,l. u po n it. th e :m e ;an ~n gof lhti. body t is not odg i n aDy penJ~fied. It is'C&p!resent" preseRlwled, ,_ :andrendered, iD tu itiv ,e, b u 't it is .o t "p !res en t' in achl l llo li,g fDality I(a s, ,. ,my g,WIil CIQlogicalbe'iq)":' : p , H 'Ulili 'naD, . &o Ionly ,as,~~pJ:ese:nt~ (not i i m , a m er e: in d ir ec t presumption' ,1 as ,bybearsay ' , e:te..l'..ll T he fa:cC,tba tth e ex pe:rien .c e of th e other' tsnot presenting but app[esentinl~\ndieates on ly 'th ia l, th e o th er is 'pnmor'!dlaDy present im , a [ , l d i c a ~ , b : , m J S v . e I i l J ! c t e n C i e = 3 ,4 :nom!elh,el,e.~fbe IfJ'm,f!I' itlel/ : 0 , in ml y ' pe::roep'uve :b .oda lD~'In a manasai . :p" t , p r e s um . a . b l , : y ' wriUeDIdur iD ,g: , the s ame p e : r i o d , as the: Cane. l l i lDl ! ,MeditatiO.I', U-ussed ' speats : o:flkeI "odgi rudi ty of a ;p p ,re & eD ta tio D .J~ ~y :percep!tioo' D C o lh e rs ':-~ the o r i g i na lself . :givins o r o tber m en : the: ,o dg in ility w h ere thei.r psyc:hic be i n a . " to g et'h er w i thdteirbody immed. iab : ly ' , 1 I e . n to m e, i s lbeodginality l o f ' ,appr '8sentat ion, w h i l c h .com e'q~en lly 1 b le t : Qm8 s , iegjtbnized :h , the synthesis o f a p rog r&sd \ fe , and ,.' ,., ~iili'lii,i!du' 11 _,',.. .. '.'. 'le '" '6 .. '."" I> ti35 '1 1 . . . . 'm c re~ ... i :m o le ' lo o lm pm li~ I I' ,IA I~ :J ;e I~un_~ ! ex :pen ,Dcel~'.-", ~ I" : u s .1 .0Wa ,u em pt a mOle precise detenn iDa t io lA , ",[the ,dliffereBe ' I ! : J e t - w e e : n , perce-ption Df' ath i_ nl an d p e r c e p t i o n . 0 1 o l t h e , m - o e S S L ( e s t 1 - a n ' e i t l i ) , ; a . n d tb,8flefo,:m ot their differ:ell.tmodali ' t ies o f 'v e rif ic a tio n ( B l e ' M N l h n u n . s J . T h e I co .m .cep t .f ' ' l!ppre~seDt,ation pertahlSle'von in th e in 'te,lp ,rela 'tio o o f the perception lo f a ' 1 l D D g , . , : r , b e immediate ly,e rce i ved:f l! ' Le ." Whal, i s , d , U J e c d y 'presence:, i mp !Ues ,,Iho r imn lo,f:aPPIeseaoe.3\ 16! The


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History andBxlstence in Husserl 9S

function of the synthetic identi f icat ion of the exper ienced unity through there i terat ion I O f adu . r i ibra t ing exper iences , a s is th e c a s e wi th tile perception o f athing: "In a certain sense, the app- rehens ion of the man. goes t h r o ugh . thephenomenon of the. 'body; which is here: living body. Itdoes not stop; SQ to say;near the, body; its arrow does not aim towards itnor towards a spirit connectedto it, but ;'gqes,behi .nd ' an d is directed prec ise ly at the man~;"3,8The apprehension of the m an does not proceed from the body to the. soul in as u cc es s io n a s if th e m ere bo dy w ere g iv en a t fu st.:an d then th e en tire p erso n . F o rthis same reason the entire body of the other does. not necessarily p re sen t itselftome so that.I can h a v e this apprehension: a part presupposes th e whole.3'9 Thepercept ive appresentation o r a pp er ce:p tio n n ec es sa rily in ter ven es b o th in th e caseof the pereeptien of th e th in g , aswellas mthe case of the perception of theother. Yet , the terms an d meanings 'which enter into the appe r cep t l v e relationa re d tf fe r.e n t.Apperc,eptionin general meens "an apprehension of the being in a mode

consonant. to that which is .already similar forme. ;'~4Q The .body ~ofthe otherprimordially experienced is not given as 3. mere. material body, but.as subjec t iveorgan "analogous" to the body In which "my" egolog ica] living obtains, SinQ'ethis experience falls within fhe sphere of propriety,,): must concJud;e . that themeaning of living corporeality which I: experience as other isconstitutedbydeparting from the living body which I originally experience as ' specif iCallymy-own~ the l iv ing corporeality of the other is given in an analOgiCal.tlpperceptiOfl4f A nd it must 'be added that: only in this apperception do 1recognize, with the body of the other, my body as my own: the experience of


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96 TEWSid :en t if ic a ti o n o f '~lerc,eiving, su 'b jects~ In theperception o f a th in g " on the othe rhand, thepe.rc,eptiv:e"8pper,ceptive process identities .the thing with itself byd eterm ln in ga nd es tra ng in g itirt i t ' S objeotiv:e tran sc en den ce: "T h e JiVIDg bo dy is ,exper ien ced acc o rd in g' to the 'app ercep tio n o f 'my o w n liv in ,g , body, It s eemss imp ly a m a tter o fd ea l.m g w ith the, appercep tio n o f the s itn ila r th r ou g h wh a t isp rev io u S1 .y ex per ien c ed a s, s im i la r;, in a 'way c o n s o n a n t withtt, Yet , tha t does n o to cc u r a s in a field al ready constituted o f tbin ;g s outs ide o f m e, when I c er ta in l ytr an s fer a p per cep tiv ely wha t Ik n ow ,!bo u t a th in ,g to an o th er s im ila r to it.In itia lly , r QY b o dy d o es .n o th a v e any s itn ila r b o dy . Itarrives a t that on l y t h r ougha new k i nd o f apperception o f ' the l iv ing body" Which . alre,ady presupposes th eappercep tio n o f th e ex tern a l th in g , .bu t , modi f ie s it in a n ew k in d of,ap:percepti,on."42In the apprehenston of the other, th e intendonanty of the perceptive act isnot directed to catch the mere, externality of the body , but its express.lvity:"Other I's men and animals, are f i r s t ,gfa1] experienced a s , bod ie s in , th e world,but as 'expresSing ' a n d appresenting a conscious l i f e ; alien to me."43 Theexpressiveness of' 'the body is its gestual ope ra t ing , The certainty o f the, other'sbeing , i s ' based upon the c o n tin u a l ,an d c on so nan t v en fi,c ,aH o n of ge:stuaiity(behavior) of the body of the other.44 In the precess of. my experiencingdirected 'to, the " ' tmug ' \ I ved(y it coastantly in . its p rev io u sly a n tic ip at:edg ivenness .i n its bein g a s j,t is an d . : i n the ' c i r cums tances , ' whichcondition an dcharacter ize it: I UBu t t o th e extent that a perso n h a s a gene ra l style-that offers ,3trace to th e a ss oc ia tio n and to th e extent that it livesia c irc u m stan ces an d inreferen c e to th em , it upho ld s its ow .n id en tf ty , n o t through m er e c ir cum s ta n ces ,but through its own behavior (Verhalten) in them: it outlines what it will do and


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Sin c e 'th e Iu , t ,emm I,spect ,o:flthe o tbe"r is u m d e r ; s , t o o d , :u behavior: , m ycQ,m ,p 'lc hen sio ,n is l n t e , m ' iI l tO I the sen se thst it , g r asps ,exte:fnaIUy a s , sub~ecU\i"ll ,ymOlt i ; ;Ya,M,d.. 10 th e term, ~ ' ' u :od .e r s t an~gU ' J l th e nafU le ' iD' l ' the ComPI,eheOlive ac t , i s ,Dof;"el:es ta ih tis lled :: w k ed Ier it is 1i'R,ntia;llllydieomticaiJ, 10,[ af f tua iwi . , 1 1 \ d s ,p l roMe :m , HOWld ' w r u m rm l c h , bas: be. writte'~ dollS nOit l ex iS lm, a ay fo rm - Y et~.w e lut inr l-ubb.betweeo "D,ec 'tiv e an d , f , e - : l i e f l , e c t i v e ,Einfuehlu,,,g: th e (lIlt a l 'W a : r s~'PI 'SUpp05e,8n the second.,46 P ercep,U ve E i n / u s , h l u ' n ' g bas a, tran sc l~n den .ta ll "'m , . , , 1 . . , 'l. ' ~_,l' 't A.::~ ,.;II ..I~,II~,;:: 11 . , : : b - . ' L ...p iDOI I1 I~ .7: : IU l !i .e re Ifetue.n. uUlIu'e,mOw.ueu,110ujgl!lies~,Ww,c._~,Iemamto, ~l_descdb!m no. Us. 'to, ' 1 i l D e . , 'Th le , re is a J w a , y , s : ,18 , ,in'ere,fI' :gu i i .~g: im,in ten t iona l atleDtioa" 'ID! t lJat t b _ e ,mo,. ' - '~, '~of 'eom p re iJ Ic DS la a a re tal 'b e,phIDD,menoI0,glcaDy Idi~ll~"'ntiated in ,cOf[ielat~oD,lo my ;dway'S ,d ilf er 'c nt m , o ld e lo fbej.ginterestedl: 'The othe r is expede .need in , :s um a ,w a ;,,'th at I, , a m ' absorbe:d, i n ,him' l l alny-. becau se o f som e i :n ' e te s l . ., la the &p'p ' :RseJl ta t " ioD t h r o u :p which . he i s ,l e x p e r i e n c e d as , ; . = _ 'bod i ly pef50D , i Dm r pem eptu a l __odd", mtlter ,m m y , ad-I _ - 1 _: S P I , t ' i a l field Oof 'the peroep ,tua l l pi l fesent l ! ' IJiy,- ' h is 1 i fewi t i1 , bim. In ,Fmua1 l~ he isp .m .,B t liD ' m e :m , ,8 M ;y o f ev en bem , 1 :a .p p':[\I1 8 :n ied la s 8. :penoR wifba , pers ,o ,Ra llife:. Y et, th e , a , p ' p r e ' s e n t a t i o . n . , a s ; w h ,en o n e Io o k s in p a s s i ~ g " , m 3 ; Y r ema ina l to ,pth .o r in,active iR s , c o 'm p lete la c k o f tr .a n sp a reEe aad d is tin ctio n, eyeD ifhe ~ latkmll bti:elesu 0 1 , m e ~ m ~m a:bu ,OOl1~lb les s ,m tbe' hac- 'pourut . , I f Idle;ap, . senIlIHoiD is ,ac d . 'led md loperata :a s i f ' illan lletitia mte_r~,then, it is :a .roofes l ing ,to , a n d in t . l le l o , t h e r p e r : s o ,n - , a J m lo : s t a liv in g ,w i th it. H is lexpe.rienClnl.,his, th in k ia :g , eva lu a tin g an d opera tin g , is fbu n d in . th e :pres,en:tificatinga ,PP l ue .D t a , u , oD ,aco 'rd io l, to tbe modes ,ill w.hl. :E1t from , t im e 1 0 time . i : t : i s i, . i l e , , t e ' _ . _ ~ ; n a ,. :I I, . ~' '4,:1u. ,.' I!IJ'"II,I.!I..I.!.!I.~IU!!!


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98 TELOS

g ive m e aw ay .~'5 0 With , a U th e s e :r o od ,a 1 i ti es~w e c anno t yet pro perly speak o f an y"intentional, unification: o~ of an y actual l-thou connec t i on (lch..Du-KonnexJ:"W hat. is s till m is s in g is th e p ro jec t an d the will ofmaking k n ow n - th e spec if ica c t i v i t y o f c om m u nic atio n '".0 .US 1

The behavior of th e other is a manifes ta t ion ( B ekunaung ) even Hwi thou . t theother _having a specifi.:;,ally manifest intention, Le, communicative." A ma n i -festation is compn1:hensib!e s imp ly through its being expressed, CommuNication(Mitteilung) "in its odg in ru mean, ing , is something else: here 1 am in tent ional lydirected t owa r d s the o th er :an d the other must. be th ou gh t. o f ascomprehendingme in this intentton. In co mm u n ic atio n w h a t is requested is the manifes ta t ion ofth e v ery c omm u nic atin g intention. Sei f~xp r es s io n . _ , w h i c h ,~iler:ally inheres , ina ll modes of the .Ein{Uehlung- to the extent v t h a t it is intentlonallyCQIJ1p1':1.~


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History and Existence in Husse r l 99

speech and responds to it, is no longermerely the: -othe~but my you, andinspeech w e both refer to our se lves as us: "In speaking-to a n d in . the a s s ump t i on ofthis speaking, . I and the other I come: to a first unification. I run not amy fo rmyself, . a n d the other is not in front of me as other, but the other is my you,and, in speaking, jn l is tening, in an swe r i ng , .we already form an us, which is in aparncular way unified ..and shared,' 56 Here weare onlyat the beginning of avast theme which has Itscenter in the original In tersubjecnve sharing ..In o rder tofurther clarify in its proper meaning, it is necessary to describe extraneouspresence in the stlll unmentioned perspect ive of th e pro blem o f time, 5 , '7-Let us go back to the beginning of O'lUdiSCOUIStl:", even before w e directlythematized :subjective otherness; There we found the problem of tM e : x . , P l i c a . t i o nof the meaning of th e :"s u b jec tiv e p o le of the intentional re lat ion: let us attemptto penetrate the structure of sUbject iVi ty considered as such and :i n gene:r.a1.By"subjectivity" we don't mean anymetaphysical "entity" which we eventuallycome to in virtue of some s pec ia l f ac u lty of the "spirit". Our Rloblem is s im p lyto ascertain, by remaining firm within phenomeno l og i c a l empiricism, whichcontents are concealed within my constant knoytin,gmyself as a n Isuch as,Iant. At thebe-ginning tills property througl; which. I name myse l f , is ,- .' .'sys tematica l ly put aside and neutr:alized,:proceeding in this fa sm o n . I c anthematically turn not upo n myself, but upon subjectivity as such" wh i l ecenstantlyuemaining within. self-reflecticnc- itself understood as. Indifferentwith respect to its contents ..Mussed. attempts to 'Work out. stich & : ( l ,analysisspecif ical ly in . themari\lscdpts C ', which go under th e m ean in g fu l 'title o f"Constitution of Time as Formal Constitution" (Zeitkoll'~ritU'tton ai's [o rW l ll leKon~titutton) ..'T l i e, pu re . explication o f th e s ubJec tiv e s tr uc tu re d ir ec tly c o nc er ns

"11AnI


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L~

uaderllne an aspeet already present In B ran d, w h Ic h dea ls w ith ourspeciflc task.'T o ,c lia lro th ;a t s l1 bj iec .tiv ity ..istl6'm:pol l ' a l ;0'80 mean s 'to, emphas ize th e '~~tI:idecUc't~dBiorulb whic&ilE u : rCODSt itH ted. ,s ll li bjecUve i .de:mti ty ' lm Ibabe UI l ,de rdood as ,I'ODas:taftt I ! e e a , p " r u : : l i o g ,o, fa ,[il.istot!ewb;ilcb m,[[Dl t l teSIDlv ledtn.: I '1 ~hDed,}[e,mfe ;3$:31temp,o l r ,a1 'p ! rOCieS~5,)fi~de"uificatioM (D~clmng). The: !e l~ i is,~emip'Oi! I ,1 : i m dis ,tan.dngitself f r om Itself a nd . ' O O , f ) ,s , ta n : t ly f i nds itself in . ,a ,c ommun t t y (GB,m~. i nscha f f ) wi th. i R e l . f . Ra,d , su eh n ot been the c ase, a , ;~ul , tandl a fWlurcw,ru l l ldhav le DO me ; u : u : R : I , ;fOI' t ;h,e ,1 5'9 : lnd an I wM .el lt , ,has, .oe idie f 3.paS:tDO!li :fB'tlirliB' i s : M t e'\!,tn m I~ Tm ..eusemJ(JIm_ o f ( h , e s e l f : : 'r , e : fbe : c ; rO ' l !B m ; m g J a s p a ' b i t i t y ' la f ' ' t h , e I,w lO c h , : h a s g J v e : m :r i :setOIm a r o y m.eta ,bys~,cal e ; x , l l ' , a : ' I , g ~ n , c e s " , m a : l c e s s ) e ] 1 , s e , o l \ l l y if :it is :mea:nt toindic'B,tie:thete.m po r ,a lity o fsu ,b jecU vity as su ch . If I desc .r ibe th e 1 a s it is purely g iv en inseIr:; '!,enICJctioiD, I am .alwl.ys refer red baek to a . n ew ( j lpe.f,Si, t:mg lof ' t l1 ' [ II:: :allm ' ( t b : i s~ ' : e v e i a J s l a s , a mbjie:ctiiol IDe mY' . m o d e o fbe:m ~m 'm ue' , a m i d ] (lJ if'b3img t i m e : : :' l 'EThe)\~fof,e I aB l .p r ,c s e fl 'l ,to m y s 1 e ! J f i l l. 'th e OI[~t: i I ' l I 'al lfo rm lo,fdte ".[I .o: 'w~witlo.tbam,g o tb lec ;'l i.ve, mo t in , so f a : r as Ilm nw :myse l f m el M m i l I tmowab;~e.~ ,b u ' t ,altQ,geth ,e.ran d im m ed.ia .tely. B ut to the extent that la:m complete ly aO ld ,i m m . c I C U a t 'e i i y 'p . r e s e m . t to m .Y 5 e l : f ~ ( l e a n alslobe I P . r l e s e . n . ' t f l o m y s e l f o bj,ec tiv lely ~Dot , a s) :U I , i I l ' o W D ~ p ! e ! J r a . ; t m , g " , b l l t as , I .,as, '~ ,sh(ft lJk,foiE:1e~' . , '' lHl 1 :0 reOec-d_q t.ke o b 1 ; e . e t . ~ 1is ,distinct mldf l ! [ ' : f r , u m , '(be I 'whi~bftOiwmfted;s:~ b m : t it : islt.be I wh i c h I wa~'shol.n: ly 'be:ro[e~'. TbeIe: i s , w : w a . y s a m s , l : a . D c e in , t"he 1 , ibn t t l U s : db,ta:DtJe ~'j.sa lwaysa lr e, adY ' fille ,m " becau se I l a m . .a l w , a , y s th e sam e." Reflec ti'O ll i:5 th e diIfereI1:c,e a n dth e ,c o,in cidem oo ,of th e Ijldte ClUed d:i;stlft(':le~, ' t h e lod:ginaIIIXpbci!i l . t: i:C!l11il ,~fI: "~IIJOW,~,mdl lof:3 ~f,dlol'd" 'lbef@':fet\'j'~61 'ne I':s; i . d . e n ! t i , t Y ' : I , w k i i c . b :is:f~vealed. in 'llie : , o i s g j : h , i J U t y'o, f r e : i O l e c t i o l l , MI ,d , imtilllB I [ lOD.da.t ~~de,nllffica:tj,on.,the: d js , lmve : . of ,I : pas t ad,olf :a .

Dr ',. ".- ......"'1 D,._.,,~.. , ".' ,.- .. 'H c - , . 'dClJiS,tOZY :iU.IU ~ t , e n c e m . . _ D .s a e '


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lOll

p res u ,p po 5itio n 'is D o t a n : ar -:gum eo ta tb re reason , bdtlimpl,y it:s being p os ed befo reth e Ito its elf . T h e p res up po sed o th ern es s is th e o th er w h ic h Ihave , beenonce- ':i.:,....i . . . I .........' ..L,_ , t : .. . .L! h 'Ii'. et f 'b - . t h in ' . " b i l l " ' . . ,WHIl:iJI, II am , ee m rn e jU'II.Ufe o r WHlIt:! .1 . p ro JI '.' e I' e:m.g WI '.":_ ,my POSSI_ ties,'(!J,( :m th e il1 1 ,p o ss ib illt, ' uf . :vrarnt :as:y= , , ,l 'W h a t ImlU i lwe~ , ,ex,eriIJlDeasm b j i e c D C . v ,dieD , m " aeco rd 1 :D I IOlKs , enum : iU ' tuU iy 18 '0'00,'11'0'1- aevordin,I'to th elenti l le inf in i t ive stru lc; l !u l le: ofme,anin:g" by abs tra c tiq f rom th e m o d e ,o f 'b ein g o fw h at is su bjec tiv ,eJy a lieo - n eces sa r ily in heren t in the, doma i n a fmy poss ib lepa r e self -e xpeden ce :,m the extent t J l a : t : it is dready outlined from the do:ma in , o firts O'WJl ,06111c f.. ta~ .,:n6~, A t a D Y mle '~ ,l i te ' ,other is ,ROt la6lk in , ,3; a 'educ 'iWeba i : n : he isa lways aDd,~ml I fg i veD in I,specific fomJ o f aper i 'enc .e 'wbich 'w e uv'el: a ,peed, to . m d ic a tte b yth e term .BiNfuehlung. I R fa c t,w idu o , :m y pd m o nU a i fieldth e,r ea pp es fs p rim o1 l'd ia lUywh ic ll is not , mble an d whi ,cb . canno , t be~ b r o r 1 l J g ~ , t t Oa n . :lmm e-d :ilI'l:e sy:nthe'tic 'uni,~y w i t h it. ' T h e : otlteris Iex;perie...nced as - ilselfpr im 'o ' l ,d iB ' l l and . 'COll !St i tu:oog ,o n t i le basis , o f ' the o r i g i aa i Icenhal i ty ' ,o r ' L r . :

L!l.. '~ "0 1- 'I.: 'h -L I '. 'h' .'n a Ipresen t ~ UE :OWD. tune': ' I : iVBry ' . 'W IDe. '. exp '8nence: as o t_B 'r m O ll!P : .p:~esenti f icat iQn,has llf un i ty , its f i ,OMD i g Ufe" its im m an en t tem p o ra l f lux lo fc o nc rete tem po raU zaU o n an d its pnm o rd ia l ,n atu re."65 T here is n o o th er unitybetween : m e ' an d th e othe r , , th l 'DUgh whic l t th e al'tB e go can be : recognized, bY ' m eH ,the 10111 .11I libieh I lIm : re ,W jJ ,C le ihe 'e ., The ,oIlier ii: idte 'f: .' :ilm h i s : 10,"- - -bamce.nd,e ; l lCe : '~'NoI O O i D , t i n U l it y leads , f l om , :r n,' eg o lo g iC i d : p o : ~ , e ' I 'Le. , :flom m ,yc on tin u ou s ;su bs tta :tDm :a fin :a ctiv e ,m ' l,en tio m a ~i~y a n d , r"o lm m y ,Ic ts (w ho ,s lex tern a l c o n tin u ity , in . 'th e tem po ra l f lu x , h a s a s a c o rrela te th e: , o p , p o s i ' t ec O in tin :u ity o f 'Ibe 1...pO le: 'wh i cb is in , a ShaJed identity 'w U b i ts e lf ): tow,ards, theo t h er 'e g u lo : g ic a l p o le .~ 166,


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U t2

, g i v e n :i n c :o n , t i n u U y n o t , , o n l y th e 'w fl o , r U te ma'~:eda] 'body O I lJ J 'to ,r ~ h e ' man , t : h e f n Im.yiself am near h im but ,on ly I m : y ! s e l f ; 3 . 8 be w ho fu lfills th e ; a p p e r , o o p . u o D 'o fm an , , a n d "th,em'le,nelt c ! o m p o n e n t: s i n c l u d e d in , i t ; ' : ' j j ; n e a : r him~~ ooilhin;g:D lOf8 1 1 1 m being,:ne.him in '~he: r . [ i e s : e n t m , c a t i o D (O f idle Eln.f I rehl i l " , .r , .: ,. , '11m c h e e , l l C o u n l , e , r ~, t ,wo s,pbe!es,o f j :mn: tan.ence: [ led,procaUy ' fac e eaeh o th er, ' Thepr imord ia l J eenteredm I t : 9 , Dnmanen t t e m p r . ( n a l . i ty , - and , th e O f her I, C : O l ls ,t U u t e 'd ,: a : p p r e s e n t a t i v ' e l y :~o, rh imsel f : a pdroord ia l l ' cOR'St i lUt in ,g ldmself:m h is ' OWD t U n e . ,The mO i s t "a dlea il a nd p m , fO l l lQ . 'd , dis ta n c e b etw eem the I a n d the: ,o ther seems , tolOOD.~, ' { l l i f th is , ' b e i n g : ,oe ,m ,t eJe tii ir n a i i c :mpcu ;a i J ] ,md Jec,~,ro~y r . e M , t n m : e o u s ,plO~pcrty~Yet , in , gener,a] ' C I t e presenUrymg opem ticm do es not, just:8x ,I meJ)ed is ta nc e-bu t n ec es sa rily carries o u t a n j,d eo 'tifyin ;g 'fu n ctio n : the p r e s ' e n . t i j i c l l t , i ' o n :.fHYS , c a m e , s I t 1 U t tJ , t l i f l 'NSCBuaing ,,~f t h e t t r ( J , , ~ , c e , N ' ( t e n o e . T h a t :is .,d ea I' : u w e l imi tolioel iU tO I cOIl , s . idering Ihe rec-tinection inwhicb a pas t is distaneedas, pasllmdB:OO,lJ ] ibed , a s , p r . : l e : s e n t , . B1 I I 1 'dle , B i c q { u ' l d ' l : r m g ' - altho l there is ; : mm e kin., ,o f mana lo IY~ is n o t a . l lec dDec ti'o n : 71 thenwhal t is the c h a .l'a c 1 er o f its 'pe'coliar ' b e m ga p r esen ti fi c lti o ,Q inr ,elation ' 1 : 0 0 its o w n rec ip l'(lc aI ' t n l ll s C I e \ m d e : n c : e : ef ' t ime:~a n d ,hoW'c;an a n id en tif ic a do n tak e p,lac e? T h e ans ,wet ' t o . s u ch ,3 . question mu s t lead,to 'the comUw'tio1l of' ' t e m ; P Q [ a l ,o 'b j e c ti v i . t : y ' in w h ic ll 'w e : a D a lready k o,o 'wIO"Ufsel \ ' i le ,s, 1 0 1 be;~Th ,e pr imo :n :UaUymt~ced : l iVing p , reseDt , ,Is th e m ow (Jetzt) 'i o Which I bOI 'wmY 'H .J!f a s; ill corpereal S1l1'bji6Ct:: it : is my :OO,W' as the: :fu rthef and , eS!lmtiaiir . c 1 e t e r m i n a U o n o f m y here .. I ,am an I , h e T ' i e :an:d ,now, and I am properly an I .only, i n . dim f o rm o f :s :_pa ,tio -te,mpo r .a J iiD .d iv idu :aUo .~ The p l iBno ,me,D.o l ,og ica lpa t l1 'WhiChlead}! '1 01 th eih em ,es : o f 1 ~ l o . t r .O , .c a J t iOB,cre: t IDess, o~cessad ly goe-sl tb iJ ia l l l lh the:


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H,istory and Existence in Hu s s e r l 103

that o f the o th ,e ' ! in their extending t hemselves in apunetual contemporaneity ..The d.ifference, however, is that the present of t h e other is not giivento me aspe,{cept,ively intuitive, but is i n , f ra - fe lL Wha t is ' g i v e n in th e E i n fU ' eh l ung . (thepresentifled) is w~at is continuously experienced an d c o n,tiQuQu sly um .f ied - \\ithth e ex per ien c ed . B ut one c o u ld s ay : th is is a lso whathap'pens v d th ,in tu itiv er eco l lec t ion , Inrelat i .on to reciprocal dUIa t i on , thepresen,t recollecting ~ isspecific,ally identified with what is .f~a:ued.But t.his contemporaneity ofident if icat ion is n ot tem p ora l eo ntem p oran eity ; '~f ir s t. i s n )Y present wh i l e th esecond is mY 'pa s t .1''7,3

T h e s yn tb .es is of rec ollec tio n is e g o , l o g i C I J I th :F o u g h tim e: it is not a s yn th es isof time. O n the other hand" the 'pl 'esentification through the Ein/uehlung is anident if icat ion o[ time which . imp,J ies the synthetic fo rmat ion o f an egologicalpole of a higher k ind . I'D the extent that jt.is first of all an ,o r igina l , identification.o f tim e,tb e egological syntheslsproduced ~ th e en co un ter d if fer s in i.ts mea n i n gfr~m "th e e.g olo giC a l s y n th e sis : c a rr ie d OD1 in reeo llec n on , T he truth is that thenecessary connec t i on obtainin ,g : between tempora l i ty andege-ness 01 'gen era l is"0 les s rev ea led ,in th e c a se ,o f rec o llec n o n th an in that o f th e p fes en tif ic at~o nthrough th e Ein{u:ehlung::, but here the eg o lo g ic al p o le of the syn thes i s i s , n o t the .I 'U se :. If ,bu t the i n te r sub j'6ctive tem p-o rai u n ity o f theM'.The Einfuehlilng establj8hesa distance, m the present between me an d theo th er 1 , a lo n g w ith a s h ared p resen t In c o ntem p oran eity .. Fu r th erm o re, the other:is k n ow n as , ~h~viJ lg h is ami pas t an d h is ow n fu tu re. If~ o n th e o n e hand, Irediscover myself a s present ~ m ,the eonnnuous retennon of the I Just passed tow h ich ~ Q'Y operat ing, Lbecome unitled with, and I,discover m yself as the pas t by

TeLOS


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1 0 4

kave init iaUy c o n stitu ted . a s id en tif ic a tio n between m e an ,d :m y o th er , is : ex ten d edto, iR!o1ude , I Shared ' iutaU:tr t O f presents in tileir 'o d lin a l m O ldality .. ' 1 S .Since s u l c h .an i,deotiticatioD ' imp l ies , tempola l t~ess, w e '6_nd ,at; tOeI u,anscead.ental. fouodat iodl 19f 1(, 'Ol) jecti91; 'c ttbi. , a D . ' --,o)bjeG tiye'~'.am ,.it ,-, .e,m ,fm itely ,openprreseat o , r th e: :m . tn su 'b je cti .ve 't o IIO :ly, . 1b'1 oomtitutiOD. of tim e canao t bes ep arated . frc J'm . d ie constitution, o f's ub j,c c tiv e o th er nes s; a n a the!mtersubjective: s h a li e d n e . s s ,o f the , encoun ter : i s . I 1 J W I B Y S1 : 0 0 tempo:nd, ! " 8 r l e d n e : s s ~ -l io lIm (i,e 'n t a n :d ,t h .e 81 I,1 IIiD 1 , 0 , ' t h e IdialK'tie betweeo , d i s t 'a D . c e :aR,d sba redm,as "b e t w e , e u l h e ,identified] u d , i l l_'SlpuatJ~ : C " _1 0 ,clarifylhe' IleHS _J_SiDf :HIlSSllrS:o :rien :ia ,tio n , to w ards a m o n ad o;lo !ic ~rspec t'.ijve~ T h e: smile monaer's ow n tim ,e(SellJ8.tzeit) is 'th e form , 0 / e_xi,'en'ce' (Exit1tenzform'l o f 'if s sub jec tive life: fo r it( t im e , ) 't !D e "mo n ad s ' a n t whatth,ey are, , h a y ' e a s ty ,le" a m iC Ia r e o e o , t e ' l 1 e d ,i n t .MirOW'D 1. ,gOlagita l immaneJlee~716 Thei r ' tmnscendel lbd ' times a re fhB I tC form_,of theks e l f ~ : R d o f L A I , .ulwiduati, lJ, . ,I~""'1' ' 1 I I e > y : u , e : s e p a f l l t e d l, , oot : I O , B I " las,me.:hodi.es~bu,t ,a I s o , :U, ' "souJs,tt .,'18 T h e sepm :tiu D. 0:1 'th e m o n ad , i s : its f ac tu a l. a :b so llu :teAess " 'I IHl'epeat.abilitY' 0 , " it's t i ne ; . m ,d its; being o nce' and: fo r , a U . The intersubje,etivet e m p ,Q I , a J . ! s ,y n th e :s is . I s IlOt. a I e a ! ,e x t e B J , i I O n ,o f my b , v i n g time., a s . i f . 1 w e r e t o take: p Q lS 8 l S i o D ol,f the :infioJle rep!r6tioll. , 'The :ind i,udu .a I , as t h e : I tEn te r Offll ,petiUve'Iemponllme'diatioD, l is 0 1 l . ' I : J e an t i ' j l J T ,,,1',::' ' '!Il:Anima,ted .mfl.vidui l ls i" DOl, I C u d , ' ill,tenns of 'th eir !o w n bo dies:,bu ,t alre ' l l Y iD.tbemse llv .es :J ' a re \epalated~ indi~v ic tu a ls _ , yet, th is w on i i s D o t l U , i t e ' d " l l ,t:h01Jp the lOu l s: lr e: ind i'lis ib 'le aDd e v e : n ,in lid sp [lec ,is e s en s e I D f th e ten :n they are m d i , ' V l d u a 1 s . Whai c o m e s unde r sc:mtiny.Iled~,Uleotherme~ ,of'once.o r41 l of being 'wldcltthe so.ls 1-l a i n , .n ,o t on ly101 'dIe leDent dil l ;l t 'd i e) !' :~: ' 'CirlC.lI!Bt i f ' - r u b e d in . an --I ,e a d y I l :V ;I D unb/er , - ' - t ime"


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IC&exisle 'Doe (Koex; ' , l ie l lz) is th e t t u U n e s s , o f the in r ter:subje ,etie ' tempQralf :o rmwh i ch is I ' e a l i z , e d in th e d is tan ce, t e m p O r f , a D y sha red b y Hv i n g , e;n n en c es " m ,,~L ."C_ , , , . , lmr .~ pll"ihrnnll ' , . , .I ' : :al ' " " R ' d - I ~t- ' ID'f .A1 m '.L.,-,_- -,-- c -- .-.~vi:no,,..;Ii_A TI,., ~t,,~lUlluL_b, _ ,~._"-"",I\UIL_ UlU,_, _JlII_J!!OI'\ ''''''U,-" 1u.a;;U ' own prope l ' I!J,~~ WJI5.,.lU!lIS., I , I S ,no! 'Ii:., em,ptyheiB,IIO,.dml~,blll fo:rfDIJ a l he iBg; "dI_: r :e - : ro r : te l l ,a ,be 'q ,''m ,DU IlO n i ' ~ Dm e . ia s u C h a ' I l l , ' ' that m y ' be,iq " 'b ;y p re .s en tif yin g moth ,e l ,r e : x p e d e l l c r 8 s and ,a t th e sam e 'tU ne ,C D expe r i ence that it ' f X ! p e r i ,r e n c e s , i ts e 1 : r IS,-,.'..tif-' -..'"82p l e s e n r 'y m g , . , "Let us deal with,thris, differeDtly~ Man , : i D ' the world (muml4ner Memdl.) h a s , ' 1 0die '~*D1:thait 1 " .a, PJaierial, b o d , , : . , ; - : , , _ r t i a l Ime~- , - io l l l , , a n d ,m obj;ecltft!, d u n , t i o ' B . , C o ' D J i l d e : r e d _ : _ s ,b o d i e s " :0.0 _erad ill, s , mla , l ioD , o f r e o i p ' l o o ; d ,exterio,rity I (A,UssBl i l i .nd 'e , , } . B.tmaR's bein g .in ,th e w odel, and intime -is DOtresolv,ed: in ' iNs objectifi.eaUon:: t h e ' " ,monad"" does : n o ( , h a , v e : a dm e I O l lt s i, m e i ts,df~,no . l d i o e s it l "~ fe ' . f ' t ' Q o the r BlODadsi in a n aheady oons:ti,tu'led o~ j ec ti !1 i ty 'o f th e' t ime :in 'wb i ch . 'I ke , [l iBJ te ridbod ie s; a fR I fiC ip flocaD:ly onle.lied. T he mo n a d i s , itsdfa k e : a d l y a self ..c a -bdned l ! O - w o d d ! , ' I ' . , It = " the Itrao soondeDltal foundaluon o f el iery' temporai ,colUti tution: : ,t i l th e 'Wor ld ' o : r t , b e , ind j , id lual mould] h as i t s : ow n wodd asa fo rm o f c o -ex is ten c e o f ' it's 'rea lities ', Le. , tb ,etim e o f bein g ; , a n d . t h e , tim e o f'th e so u rs ; life .. AD ofi , t s life, a U of U S I .actS ' I ' i!ts a s ! S O c i a , ti ,o ' D " its p e r m ; t 8 1 1 c e ofadapmhii'ty ORCI: ' l s t abUshe , I \ , 1 0 ! r . l imbih:, , e , t J C L . ."O ~ ow _ , this,~ime~,Hi l le ,~,aydD[ ,b a s : - i , t s , o v m I l im e : " , i.ie~, it 's ow n dura,t l i 'O!1, ,~, Is' begiuDinl ,ud i t s , .d,'wi:dli:o o o i l a l' ti:me,~w h i c ' l l is th e elY mood, th e Q,ry ,ooacrete s o u l , t O I th e lextent ' U 1 8 J ' t it 'i sf llledw ith c on ten ts in a . neceSSl1Y COf tth tu itY j , a s sumed p,(ecisely in itself an d fo rits elf" o n c e its, mater ia l body has been abis tI3c ted . ''J '13 ,M y 'O m e is , ;al~,_","_:md i v i dUa ted , a nd , d is tin ct (liiOJIIlthe d_me 1 0 0 f , the othef : : it :",


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a s su ch , m t h , e u m o n ad iJc tem pO fa]j,ty , th ey aren ot ' b r e m g in ,md fbr tbemselve!s.Tb ley a re ;a :lso m d lessentially m actua l , : and ,pol teoUal c o . w : m D m . l t y ~ m actual a n d ,- ... iI- - .. j,,~:. '1 . .. - - "'~:A -c--. 0 1 " ' " . . "L,~- ' 1 h . - ' . ' ' ' ' ' .AI-- ' 'rr- liu-_


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H is to ry an d Ex is ten c e In H u sser} 1 07

an d rea lity o f both m y and of the wor ld ' s beingfIt is 'precisely I : m y s e l f w h oalready knows of having a name and a body , of hav ing been born once , an d, o fhaving ,9 "life" and . ,a" :h istory '" of m y own. Scepticism is this re-questioning of "the concrete aad already known. truth of my being: the sceptical shadow'ann ih i la tes the. a lready k no w n Into tile unknown, th e a l ready true into the 'possibility of falsity; The sceptical c ris is . d is c lo s es the field of philosephicalreflectlonr It refuses to ac c ep t w ha t h a s already been ac c ep ted , an d to be1i~ewhat has already been believed simply becauseh has been accepted andit h asbeen believed, Itwants .to see .. In the deeision We have lost. onr mow i n g forourselves to 'be already in the world, and reality in i t s . t r anspa ren t and enigmaticbeing there "in front of us along with our very n ame , birth~a:nd-po"SSible dearth. Ifwe do not wan t to (en ounce the responsibi l i ty of truth, to the: point of :a!ccepting:the obvious dailyknowing-already in its, undisputed indisputabUity ~we must go "to the foundation:' through and beyond scepticism, In the debistonzation and in .the dismdlviduation of-the ph f l o soph i ca l decision, we c o m e to the e go wh i c h " toth e ex ten t th at it is d ep rfv ed o f ev ery 'c o nc reten es s, is no t p ro per ly an 1 . Rather ,it is an egological form. or an invartant structure: not a subject, but "eg,6ness".92The ana lys i s directed. at ascertaming the formal c h a ra c ter o f the eg o lea ds , to theclarification I of essential connections which bind subjectand time. Egologicalidentity (ipse.ita) has no meaning unless it is temporal flowing, a n d continuallyre-eetabltshed self-identlty. If it isassumed as atemporal identity, it becomesannihilated as egoness, Its being is not on ly a flowing or a f lu id , life" but atemporal self-sharing, It is a self-distancing: a s elf -p ro jec tin g tow a r ds a future I.T he eg o 's tem po ra l im m an en c e n ec es sa r ily and constantlytranscendsItself In -

108 TELOS


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"e iXis tent i a1 i s ,m~~?Wewi l l dea l with this question only to the extent that it w i l lf ree o ur d isc ou rse f ro m po ss ib le; equ ivo c a t i o n .I tis not easy to untie th ;eC lu c ia l k n ot that am b ig u ou sly jo in s phenomenologya nd existentialism. Concerning this problem, today there are m a n y currento p in io n s an d some unsure at tempts" bu t it do es n o t seem t,o u s that th ere is ,anyeven approximately adequate answer; The question is first of all historical, It is am atter o f fu lly c o n s ider in g w h a t, exis tent la l ism, a nd H eid eg ger in p ar tic u la r ~h asdrawn from Husserlian ..thought and.vmoreover, its meaning, Furtherrnorecacertain problematic which comes to light from Husserl's unpublishedmanu- 'scrjpts ls suggestedcat least In the tides" by a reading of Sein und Zeit. But noserious historiograpbicresult will be possible in principle, unless we fullyunderstand the different contexts within which s im i la r th em e s' are Investigatedby H u s s er l a n d H e id eg ger r es pec tiv ely .T h e fa c t that H eid eg g er a n aly zes B e in g -th er e (Dase.in) becau se th is is th eso u rc e o f a c c es s to Be ing (Sein) Isw ell k now n . Because o f this, Heidegge r forbidsus to enter ar id to rem ain on the t r anscenden ta l ground on wh i c h Mus s e d badarrived in unde r t ak i ng , the pro jec t o f a . r i goaou s foundaticnofkaowledge. T h eepochs is limited to the criticism of the already-understood, of "obviousness",and the reductive operation is, put aside to the extent that, through it, onereaches the ground of ego log lc . a l formality. In this reg ard , H e id eg ger 'isexpl ic i t lyag a in s t H u s serL H av in g rea c h ed th e p ro b lem o f th e "who" o f Dase in , this is , bowh e desc r ibes th e H u sser lia n path: "But is , itn o t contrary to the ru les o f a ll s o u n d ,m eth o d . to app ro a c h a problematlc without s t i ck ing to w ha t is g iv en a s evident inthe area of ou r theme? And what is more indubitable than the givenness of the'1 .'1 A nd do es n o t th is g iv en n es s te n 'U 5 that if we .;ilin to work th is o u t

H i,sto ry and E X lS c ~ ,' . ' , . . . . . . . ~ " '" H ' .....,;;1-." ~JLa.PiIij ,UI I, I I~.l!. 1 0 9


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1 0, H asser l th e ex is ten t b ec om je sth e n :m liz e[ dw ith o i llt hav ing~he oohe~8in \ceofth e .ph en om en o lo g ic a l d is c o u r se bein g bro k en o r dev ia ted . C on sequ en tly" th em eth o d o f jn ,quu:y an d ' the .m ean in g o f Its , Ie.lts: i s , a I,go te lb ,e rd i ,f feren t ..t h i s is ,a lready c lea r f rom th e fac t that in Hu s s ed Dase,ill. h a s , IU s _liaRy 1 tb e,m ea in i,~ ,o fP,flS6'f1Ct!'.M, :~ l i IJ, as l :edBce the ,egol.OII ,cai ibe;~IIg; to, m y low:nbein!1 2 n d , I,b e come my O\VD: . [c n n c,retep :res en c [e _ to .m ys 'elf 'thu:scoftstitutlng up,on th;i 'sf ounda t ion th e o th er a s apperc ep tiv ely p resen t to m e, I h ave th em a tized th eexls , len t I_ recogRizemyse l f ill: my D a ' S ein ' by r e c c gWz i ng th e other an d ImDrwiDlmyse l f a s ,a per c[e.iY i n g all'Dtm a pr es en t ,C ( u u ti 'tu t,ed in 'd iereteD li,o o , o f a : P J a ,,md m, i l he proleol'ion of a fu t 1u l l i e , ;11 ; ; 1 , st' Ie thr 'Ol l l lR time,. I rediscover n 1 ! rexistential conc re tenes s and oorrelatively that of the o th er a lo n g ; widt ,00feo -ex is tin g s ln c e I app rehendmyse t f n o t a s a m ere eg o in a m ere tem po ra l fo rm ;blll!t as , mysel f in a i, filled t ime" in my in d iv id lllla le:d cO lp c [r eaU ty and in m y h-ilt()ry~If w e rem ain within a dgp, rous ' pbeno 'Rleoo log i , ca l , cons id .eranoQ, ,o f Daaeilt:! w e" N i B b .iium e'[d ia ~ely (Of ic e d to , con:S'jde:r tlw U l eme u f th[ebBIOlkaJ[amltenubjeci t ivesharinl,: '~""Inan absolute consideration every ego h as its own history and be,ex is ts 'o n ly a s th esu bjec t ofa history: h is ow n . A nd every c om m un ic a tin gcOm IDU lm t . y o f a,bs:olute e 8 , o , ~ s , 01 o f abso lu te 's ub~lec tiv iU e:8 ~ in wbo s e fuJl .ness o fco n c retio n in h eres th e constitution of the wodd =has its 'passive, a n d ' :a,[clive:-h: ig i lOrry" , . a : m d , it ,eDsih i : 'Bol.y J i B IE:~iisurwry. u~'"1'

We c a n :n ,ow try to indicate in th e H , g h t I O f these oonsid ,erationSL~ th efundamental direction of Husserl's investigations and the meaning of their lastt 1 l 1 m l i n ' g , towands the theme o f m.ol la ;d,o~,ogy" in.te' l 'SiI lJ:b1Iectivit,Yt,and history. Let u s 'retu rn -o nc e a;g ain , 'to th e p h en om e n o lo g ic a l [['e~leY ,alu atio :po f tbe "mu r c : h dlSC'usseci


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,0 the ' m e:m ilJ ,g o,fdie~ ~p,kem.ome:m,d.o. ea l r&- I ; l i fua.gnB, lofOOhc,fdBdluc,mlenoOI : l l . . mstead,what: wa s , m ea n in .pw ,w tlS rlo t, l~ellDy nOiUved: bydev elo pin g th e eg olo gic .a I.. t heme~ HU 'SSf!darrived, a:t th e poS:iti0'11 o f inter-11lDJlec:ti 'Vi,tY:31mdatthe I c o r u e ' l a t i v e t h eme ,o f .mon3Ji:01olici:d, imd.iridl.lation. T h e. i o : i ( J i a i c:rilicaJ :p ro ject o o f t d u , d , : : s , in 'd le , reoD,p i t ioD o f m o n ad i,c :m te,m ibjec tiw ' lyas ~!~\ ,r inw ybein ;I~ \I IO , . IPh e ftom : ru l~~aI.m .ca l ism .1L.fleRac.hes : ia : rmall~,., Itis , I l ,oiwpossible ' tOI c la im:- that:li1loploblem ho~ds aprlt:I,e,l~ ,in pdnc ip le : sotbat itca :n ,Qo 'i . be' dea ltw i ith 'by th e r ig O l :'o u s k n , C F w l e : d g e . o f U l , e ph e:m ,om en on .. Ev eryprroblem : is ,ph l lo!o iP' :h ica1~and, :~,ts,p'os; i : tmg, i s ~e.g ii tima , te Io:nly if ,c.arded (lUt 'wi lh i r t' t b B , b:lowled.ge,: ""~.ell.om erm l~g y ,d .o es ,B o t c bdm th :aJt its~tO ipS in f romit gfdte~'Ipeatmd,r.3!II"pr,ubleom:.'II'II02 .Ph em o.e '.DI.o , !J ': sm ~i";BM tapb(, ':m ~aI attimde OJidll)e!'basIS of wbieh it has , , e v , e m . b e e : l l , possible: to s m u g g [ l e ,m.t i .qua,l ;ed. pbilosophliicalsystenu" does: notlllve i tsme: ,Wl: ing~.nbeing ic n p![ilBcip,~,eind1if:ferent to""'.metalP,bysics~'~ and : i m : being clonsequlent ly ,a:bleto - be rillecl ]b y wha,tev '6{mt' t l .physieal cOllteDl..Rath;e[~it c'xpresseSitse.l:r :p rec i semyin , 'ihefa,cttila;liopdadp1 le , iI , d ! o e s ' m it . e ; x , t : l a d e m ' B ' , f , r J , p I i F l S l e S : : a . m ; d , m i . . m ,RO,t: a l il l! l:b a I :L'0.1: 'o f, ' roblen, ' trndit\ollaB,y' entrusted to, m y tb .o ;io g iw J o r pm-,hliosoplHeal ( r eDgiou s01 1 metapbys:ica.O elabo i ra :Uons. 1.11Unsrelspe,ct" 'O l e l viewlulmt t l ta , t . :mate,s ofph i lo s ophy d.iffe[leqt'''":pdvla.te O p i n i O . R S co.o! , )etnins th e w,odd .~~.is i 1 J " f O t ;l " gR , t to its' IX)t I 'CJ 'm!: com&elq l lences, o f disso lu 'tion" w hile dm ' ~pos i t i v le t am.d '~ " ie ;mpi r ica l ' ". !I! ve~ g. , o : f ' 1 ! l i lea l lY 'Hdle ; euti,ajit:alk, IDf , .hi [email protected]:ai l l f '~ ,euc.b ee.m,t~1be. r ,e s t a . te d l . . .

P,bs tn l a phenomenologl .o a i 1 . task is nons ,ense: l lJru .ess : 1 b e l ' , e : is , a ctu s])"SO.mel /" 'T h Y s ,w lec am state :1 basie p rin c ip le. w . h ic k rap u :n til now ha s rema ined H i O l > " . .. . s r u . ..". .. ...1 n.".......--.. 0.".. .. -__iU.UI"J'" itUlIU ~XU,.......:'JKlI m uussed : 1 1 1


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~~relJ in __my,R~ ,~ , ! ! , ,I . I e m t lte ' .\ l i!im a'tle I. I am in t empO~ , i I !1 i .empQ~al i ty of 'l :helWIn,. p resen t _~n d . I c a r ry w lth i~ m e th e m on ad ic to ta lity , .h is to ry , and the'hls ,toncaJI ( : ( )ns~ l tu ,bo l1 ._o lf th e wOIJ r ld as ; the! "t ranscendenta l totaU;ty o f ' the wOrld"( " " " D a g ' d i 1 ' > ' ' ' 0 ' .iJ_J.:,[-.y,) ")101"'1 .1. ,_ Hu-"'-I- . t " ~ '. ~!,,, 'L -, . '.-, - ..-. . ',- ~ .-, ~ '. '-c . ~~ J O I l " _ r _ _gi, ," ,"" ~ ".l4Q ~ .. ~, "'.~1. po 1 blJl 'lIEile IOO l i l ;Fe1e i.d , i .I!u i IiW i ib kM i, I . 'U I' l h e , 1 _ E ! ' l t a f l ' . "IIHs~filelatiom u :ca ,l i, ego rka l ) ,, ' Ib!m~d; .,9hn i adYt , i: t; ''; 01 ld , 'bI~DSUJid:to speak . o f the io dW id ua ted ]~ o r ,of th e t.mn& ceD!len ta ), H'lISetltan, Nbjact, a s ,a rtheabsolu t e o Butthe revelatlon, absu rd o n the cate,g:orica11evel', is not so in th epre-categorical level, H ere su bjec ,d vit.y ' in th e : U l S , ! penon' l l to , : t h e , extent 1M t i~ , ismy own, ;i s th e :w:~jectirity in wh i c h all th e e,g o ~s1 0 thertm pe,I'IDR ,m Raled~o tbe:mselv le cs :a s ' u ' m . v e l s a D y dl;ek IOwn . , I doa ' ! i ' ' l W e i ' lids 'ulnive-malil , U I I ! b e~vers~tl, of evelYon.e 81se, yet, it is theoniveruli'ty . o f a u . , the 'lint PC , I IWl tS I .y,sel[. '~.I.O t iFac tua l i t y m ,e,aDS pn ..p v e m l m e s s ; and " as, a n i e l ;O ' o f th e UY i :ng ;p'res:e'D:t~,,a m . ,YOIIfu s l " an d I am m thepr- ' .g tvcnneu D r th ew o dd . M y refi:ective, apostmorlty., io " . L : ,_ .L . I ...:11" t h a , 'tf. ' < 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ' ,~'.i ~'- , a . i ' I b .. _ . ,.;I:: 0 ' - ' , . f : ,4...._".""'O m _C' ~ ,.,.f i~aIWI!uUJiil i I ~ Mm l I'. 'IL I , !D B . lSi Uu:' mmC i / , I OD , m : I~ ;a.pn,on,o! . :~ 'Wi m y J:a,~'I!'-: .pR>giveooess.tll,' '\\''ha.t is a . priori is Iin my Fllktu.m odin the oonnec t i o a s . 'W1niehar,e revealed t1 0 d'enaturaUzedrefh1lct i 'on:a pr io r i it is th e 'verypre ..gi.venness in th e s,tyle o lf j,ts his.toricai being ,:" .. ~ ~I see: tha.t in . p'Ie. .g iv en nes s; Ihave the 'w orld" 'th a t I m yself w U ld know and I do know, thaill ~ve alreatly

, , .-., '" 1 i..;, -" t , G " , .1." ; . I i . . . . . .I:;_:I.,;t. .. '..) . ; " ' _ ' 1 - I ' iii. -" ",,1,-, .:1 1 , . , ' ~ " ~ " - - . . "Id lg , IOi ' i'e f f ,d ' Ijh :u , IIQ'S~JI!),l.lC.~:ty'(: ,~,e;5'eJ;lIilre.'~;'f;R:iI~lr,~:~,11IJIi!t iI ; I . . . l l ta ,I iPilea,~, 11DIC'100i!te: ,III: au l onomol lS , ma n a u d 'that I b at, 'c carr ied, this a u t o n om y to a free an.d ac tua lr le. lz:at~on by ,ob t l a i n i ng m l i l t an a prlo rl k m ow )ed 'ge~ W ith H u t I h aveai[ea :dyob t amed in , m y OWll pre-g ivenness and f ro ,m m y resh ap in g o f it" , a , ferm fo rh i s r t onc i ty ( H I s ' t 0 1 , i z i l t J " B ' . t ) of pre-givenness. . i tsel f ' i nhe ren t in , :m y ow n PI'e.

.112 lIFEil' ,RQ,!I,~DI


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o f .1 U s f a . c t u , a l . be.. . d , e : i i a i n ; l . B Ib bem :1 , 8 : 9 :pr:opedyhisto,ricd,l',.M a n isintbewodd 8 ' = , lopemtina upon dte~J ,oftbe Vloddduough lahar.mo' i f i ca t ioB 1 mvII.tiDDI, .d,m. th e ~elY s e l f . c : : x p l ' l ( ! i s i o n ' lDcb is ~1Ina.y ,3m o d e o ,r IU~ti' ,"lIrIl~em po raU ty ' h a s its : 1000t ien t in dds, f i fe, actiVitytk ro lllp w h ic h . D 'IID r e'ld iles . W.mselfas: : m : a f l l in tim e '''' ~i~hwna ,mz i l i l l t 'h e wor l d : :"B i..n n aDiz a tio n :is th e o on s ta n t .p r,o c es s,o f ti.ein ,gh uma n s eU~h uma n iz a.tio n ; bejn gm a co,mtaot. ,Fll~JirSof self-fo rm ation and hu . lmUIiza . t ion o f tbe 'wor:h:lL~'I,11. -' T o l 'dle eXlenl dial ke: D indlNidu:__ted , i . ' ,and I t h r o u _ g h : s had . , IMB Dads ,himself in . h iS beiQ~ in a cODc re'te' 'tem p o ra l process a lr e-ady - ItarlJed mdpmeeecUng~ .1 , (1m' In lI'i& t o1 ')1 .; I am i in an Ilfeld, humanized "odd wh ich .expr:esses i t l pr iececUq ; a e , n c s i s , . 1 I . 2 , I c aa , & 0 back kt tim e" I c an k n ow o f th e,comilDl, of man , iD:to t h e wor ld . fIrSt and. to.llemos:t IS, an ,a nim a l :_ .p ec ies amo ng ,- .&11 ...... - - .'. -~ - . . - f ' L,~.. . - tll~,I':_r 'ill.,~'", 'lanlllflinill - I". ..' ,-. - " , 1 I'.:11.;11 r ' 1 1 . , ' : ; ; 'a' l l i l lRif ' : s p e c _ _ . - 101 ; 'JUd , :saW:.. mil" W l ! ! :W i i i , ':~_l~~ljlor 1eD5: Ienee 'II I." UI! l I ! ! 'tl' 1 I U i ,l I ad ,ual- ad.aptatioR. to ' l a , m r a J . Icon.dit l . 'DnJ. 10 a ~ym ; bio B is w itb :namre, mIDb e c o , m , e s b .u m 9 1 f .1 ! a m , d ) be , hm.manaes , n a : t u f i e : t :Ns .beeames , ~~(adt.u.Je:~'"J ] , d . ' ~ ~ a t u , ~s pir itu a liz ed b y re,aso.b" wh i c h becomes histoticired in theldttory' o fm a n , 114'M y being m M s to ry ,is , 'lbB p:arncipatlonto total bistmiei . ty whim is :pdmar i l . y:b.~, ibul . , i MO ' / r z t : ' o ,a lso ' lof .lUre., N:ature . i s hisiorill bl)' depardng;flmD me:1. -tr : .' ". ~.'.#u - - ~L; .' -. IL-- ! l ' . . . . . . . " " . 1 . . ..;11 .,~, - '.. .~ r . - " , : 1 ' 1 .Ifom :my, .0 t o n _ C I I ' ; " " ,evenm tne ageS_'WlI L JlilivePfl~e-u. mIDIS IOO,mmg ,mlo Iflge'lWJ,ld The : .Il.atulai becormnl~ 1 : c ome tOIm~OIW ' l l!n ,o u l , l I I t . h e s c ieo ,ce s:o f the : m s m r y,o f n atu re is 8 bec,omin:g w hich I p lace in tim e ,. I c om p reh en d it in .its, '8vol.vinsu mU 'so m e'ltdn l :lik e the mUna l . ~ '~h,o ,mol '~ha sbeen l ,B ! n ,er a tl id M I !d ke bas : in i ti ated1 m , ,ow "b ido ,y" : a nd , '6naD':I' b;J indica t io" . ' i R l _I '~_ l eV ieD t - dla.t :bave , r ,eceded: b im l I .bat 'w a s bl l. ,e : h im '~ ' :'tlB pr~:bU::maIl, an d t h e .u ' ftDR :- s p i d l1 . r l' ~ III, :0-_11. ,

History and Exis'tenoein Husserl 113


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From naive "realism", through sceptic and solipsi!stic "idealism", we havecome "to a. r i go rou s thematizatton o f being itself" and hav ing , excluded the'~~xistentiaUst:"; ~so lu t io . n~w e have begun to comprehend 'ti u s be ing .as,essential ly~'hiStQdca1'7. The term "hlstorictty", howeve r , s till rem a in s n ec essa rily em p ty o fmeaningful content: In order to attempt a rough definition o f It, rather thanacce:pti .ng th e aU :u s iv e :s n gg es tio n s that the term entails in its ordinary~ usage} w emust 'thematically recapture that dimension of "property" In the sense ofoperating l iv ing ,corporeality. IO f th is , we a l ready possess. an , initial and essent ia lelement in the defInition of egological be~ Thus.we go back to wha t seems tobe m o st, distant f rom , th e o rdm a ry m ean in g s o f "h is to ric a l" : th e o r ig in a llev el o fego lo g .ica l1 ife andprim o rd ia lity as a sys tem . of percep tio n and , instinct We cometo iliis terrain by operating a kind cf.abstraetlonthrough wh i c h Isub t rac t fromt h , ~ ,I that I am now, in the fu lln ess o f m y faculties, a ll that belongs to meas ate-tl ,ectmg and conselously projecting "personal" 1.10 a way , . "I i mpove r i s h " m ywh o 1 e duster .of a tb: ,ibu .tes : w hich . defme m e as a m an among o th er m en . T h isabstractive o pera tio n m u s t n ow be rein terp reted a s tem p o ra l ref lec no n ,Eatl ier "we asser ted th e es sen tia l t empora l i ty , o f the ego considered, :3$ such..InU s reflective tu rn in g to w a rd s .itself, the ego finds its n ow withiln a pa s t an d fu tu rehO l l z on : , it ex per ien ces its becoming in' a genesis. Let u s co n s ider m o re c lose lytbemode of this genetic se l f -cons t t tut lon: it ls not a.matter of a . simple l inew h lc :h g o es f rom th epa s t, to the p res en t, o n to the fu tu re, A c tu ally , th e lo ca tio n .o f' th is . 'constitution is alway,s the pre sen t of the ego. The past, perlodicallythernat iZed through recollectioa, is th e p res en t a lready g o n e by, n ow appre-

114 TELOS


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Thus" we ask: If the e g O ' finds as its limit the Uvlng body as already given, aren'twe faced with the problem o f its own genesis'? The corporeal and perce iv ing'wretched I is the l imiUn:g I, but it. itself departs from a ,genesis. The beginningcannot be a sudden coming to l igh t of th e I, but a being in the begmntng: a'beginning: and, an already began. It i s - not a matter of an I whiehis widea 'KUke , 'bu t o f an I which awakens : "S ince the g en es is is , essentially under way a s soon asthe I is , awakened" in the same w ay that Thavea percept ive field (even if it , ' i s , n o tyet a field of things), 'Y e have as a limit thf# awake n in g J which bec om es I-m a n ,g r ow i n g , to a 'Ufe') a nd c on stitu tin g its elf a lways 'm o re .c on sc io u sly fo r itselL"ll 8Then, the corporeal birth of the ve:ryLcomesmto question.An analogous reduction to mere c orpo rea lity ~ wh i c h . contains an even morep ro fo u n d set o f pro blem s , c on cern s th e possible ending o f the LWhile befo re w ehave been concerned with seeing the pas t from the present, in th is ca se wemustdesl with the modal i ty of the present which d i sc lo ses the future: not o frecollection, but of the I as,a pro ject ing being "in th e .p1cesent" The , fu ture is fo rth e I its possibility an d th e I o f the present wbicJ : t opens itse,lf toward} the futureis th e Ican : its o r ig in a lly c o r p o re al practicality.l,l , ' T h e body ca n wh e n it min a"normal't state, bu t in sickness or in, mis f o r t une , it experiences it s eventualfailure. The constant andprogressive degenerattonof my body starting from acrucial moment (maturity) is certainly conce ivable , .M y body's deg en era tio n isalso the depotentlaluation of the fu ture, The h o r iz o n o f the poss ib le and of my'Practical present within wh l c , h I ,always live becomes l imited . This res t r ic t ionobtains notjust towards , the fu ture" but also towards th e past: "Undoubtedly, K .cer ta in genes i s takes p l a ce a ll th e t ime becau se the I Isa JW a y s . presen ted with a


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any :g eo se ), s tiU I 'with ,o ot , d i . s t i B f c : U o n s : , a rba in ; ! l and Ii, UWIl!g in i ,~self l o o m p m e t e : l y. . . . ~ ~ ~ " . '. - t ' t e d " . I ' B , . t " h - - . . . . .. " k - , ' , d ~ 's th is . : 1 . . . . . ' . . . - s e . . . .~ '. . . . _ " ' ' ' ' . t '. 'n h - . . . . . ' t-'U i lU 'lI,le re fi'l ll" __ '. ,11. ere w e as , ;,00. .. _,:ma~ s e n s e o r aoesn ~,l L, ere roth e: eS5eB ~e o f th e : I " tm:: ' ibem , l' "p i fo ,te :m . tld- tow:l ld~som eth i f ll ,l , ,e jl li e r t l D s : o r U l a 1 J )t:o,tbe difiterent, md, i s : Ro t 'tbel :a po:lRil.a.t:ioli ,o f ~wf t i ,ChP f ' IS 'U 'po se seO lllf lil lH fp oJ ies : ,. ,o om t im ,lw e :P f 'O C ie fi:D f ,obj;ec:liwefi'o,mm;uoR'!' ' ' ' '122 ''IlIL!p : h e . l U l m e m , o : ~ o , m i c : a l Ipmbl , cm o f de,;th 'q i l l lest ioDs th e v elYm ~e[ !ltim ta l s tmc l i t ne , o fconsciollsness, . Yet , it mus t be ' b n : m , ' g h t . d ow n tQ it, if it .i s to be , c o f i s i d , e r e ( J , ,as,ana .u the :n tie ; p , h io s lO 'ph ic :a i problem ., T ,lle di , f f icu lUe-s.,wh i c h arise: , a : f thi:sp o in t m ilr i l , e :pn .u le :nce I :, equ~red : m ~,Iwitb(hem~ l x p l a i : 1 i I 'dte &adl . , emam , ioOleDtidltlSCri"t c U ed 101(.[., As , : 0 0 @ 1 1 8 :5 : : b , e : I l : o ; B s , l 1 i , e : a ! O O I , e I q D . e s . u C U I , H m ! s s c d o I t s m v e sthat; , a U d t a . t J u s 'b e c R mdd has .nte;a:nin;g oiJdy s t ; a r t m ; g ; f f 1 o : m 'the ~ '~meDd:ane,and,concre te ly d .ev elo ped HY in g"~, and th a t "th e inferenoes wmc h c a n be d r awn : a r e ' tobe: uJlders , jolO,dwi .thin : a t ,tedaUl a l b s . t r a c t i .o t l .W h a t w e ' ,c an a ss ert w : t u . J e ! : r ema im j l q ,w ith m th .e ,lI ia ta ,of ' description is oD ly th e pr,o~~i,e ,dec~else o f 'bodil, :folCes.~nm CaD be~ t J ! !I i" @ U 1 i Ih ' t i o ' t h . e H odt :m d ,coD,rei /Bd, :M,dteCeM'i:Bg o f ial[,CO.ci,(!Iius,:Uvin. ,g lnrd ' tih .ereforeabo !olfth e e,lo as tbe poile o f id.en:tity o f lthisli~g: and 0 : itsOWIIl :facuUies.1 '23H l Ils ~ e :d ,o ,ftem , , c o ; , m , e s b a ck \t ;o ,tb e'th em :e o f birth a n . d d e a t h in t he .maBuscdpt 'S , '~a!Dd Dot; by ,Icc.iclmt~ Wh.a:tm :im tO :~,ed : i s the, rdlefiruRl ,ofthem m ; s m k l , g ' ( I , f .ona.dic; ; rtni:w,d.eWlli~8 ,ev~diml,la , ' ' ' :mfl: la.p~ysQJI' r1' :S:bmcmlF~fll o f tile .[m n e ...T h e le ; .mpwa. ofDllitude obtaiBS 'w i th in the,a fch of :~ iflebetween birt:fI :and]d,e:ath~ willi if l . wm c l.l m a n bec om es . in o. I 'l !nesisw nichis :psychi.calto the extent.t h a t ,~t is . J c o i . r p o . , r e a i 1 l . ,O n . t h e '@ i n e h a n d : t,hare is t h e : p [ . r ( ) ,O : ~ : e : i: n 0:1 m :m~ema l .

TEIJOS


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'b l J l J : 'td :e m e f o r a m 16Io la g ic ,a ill.lr U .fic a tio ll" e vem , if, :im:tiil,,~it is :abule ,aDltkll l m n c a t i o : D i n a , s h a r i n g , o f s e ~ 1 ! IW Ie n j o y m . l ' f l I I t : . Inte rnal ly it is : apalSSiO'Elate w:ll~t om ane: an d to aC~0t )mp.um and: f l iJ r the-rmo ' fe~ it is a pa s s io n a te w ill p e r : m , e , a t l c d byf :epeti ,t ioo: : : : m , th e l e n d , bu t n o t aI \ \ r '3ys~ ah a a s h ad ng ( ! I f . L i f i e lO G a bein g , I S, p .a r : e !l lb~ ,M ' 1 . :1 4In thein~,emal cOll 'pnreaJ c;o..penetm,tioD i O f i th:esexuatpair iog,1he ,di:s;taBoe,oi'

th,e-bOldjes ' b ! I O O m e : S i tmnscen.ded ina: o.ew p:im,ordial UII j : ty : , "'Iatbe s i m p , J ef l .t lf i l [m e:n t ,o f thepr imaf ! f ' m o de w e n everh av e tw o sepa ra te . f td f l l l m e , n t : s o f eachdr ive :io the: l o m . e , a D O ~ : ii n tb e : o llter p rim o . rd iaU , 'ty !~b ut .~aU ler oo!euDit ,y w asdu i@lmlb t ! he , , J iC , a , f i@ c a l r.l6Imeot 'Oifllte: i t w o , :pl inm !l ' .alIl t i .es . ,~jI25 1 m the:l e n o o : u n l e . 1 th .eleis , a im , th e recip f\o call: f I ,oogRit i tJn" Le, '" se l f ; " , f i eco,~: i ioDas ema i l !' t J o d l y im a detel1Dl ledlway, 3 ! D d off.be: oim:Ire)l 'S i : a J l. animal!!);f i h own . s :p ec ies .. T h e :[e:a i p .fo blem lies , in unde r s t a nd l ng h ow a p ropedy " h uma n " an d "ra tio na l'w o dd , eem e s 10 be '~ 'p :ro ,pes :& i v ie ly " tOl1stitllt,ed, f ro m su ch a .r1eeogm tio l. : m m f r oml d i . e bu.l1W,ilrammal '.odd 'O f 'i m p l u l : 5 l l! S : ~ ' T h e : !bamc q 1 J c . s t i o n , thallHusserl : a k s ,.k imself ' hI n ume r o u s md i:mpIrU~ maI,ys:e8, eeneerns the :pDib: iBty of posa:gthepJob~e:m ('Ilf a '~" l lUU' fer:Sia i l l w:le'IilI~'IY'~'wmc.b w~u l d , e s l a ] J , 1 : i d l ! , 8 c o nUnu i t ybetween what is n ot yet eo n stitu ted a nd , what i s , a l ready constituted. In temporal ,' t enus , : i t is th e p ro ,b lem ,o f a,tel'lo,logy w D l e . 1 F , e 1 b y th e ' s~mu~: ta :meo i l l si m l , e r s m b j 1 e , c t i v , ep . r e : s e : I I . t : : i i n , .Web the; i l ;wuemm:g D l o : o a l d f m d l s i tm1 f 'CDld:d] b e C i W 1 l J ; 5 i~ d l le . l e d l ,M , lbe,~ ,~.. . , ...L .::_ . ~ . .. '~ ,:'.",".'1'" . r - - . . -Ii.' 1 - ~'II!..-. ;l1~. .-- .~. ,.JII~'i- ..- 1..",u - ~'f-' '. '~!ii- ~ !.:I ,gxpl I I lCn IO '_aD: mp'...,sl': ~gjliielW!!ilie:mln)I;~ I~Yi 'Il)!'~ uel~L l e r , ,0:. a - ,Pi[lB:'t~mplo ' : I ,mi l l~ ty~" : .T I l e 9.ew a . w a k . e n : b l J g , o f ' t b . e : e , g o I1 's. a s se : l f~ufn .aent :~,,IS, t h e c e . m r t e r so f a c ts w h ic h a rerela ted Ia a su r ro u n d in g w odd an d theJ,efore t-neawa 'ke, n j,ng oft h e 'O C l lm s tU : u t i o D S o f '('bein gs ' ,:an d.' Iasdy o f a n bortoo.n ofthe wodd a s : a tel!eolo,gy

II!


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v.Within awakened life we find ourselves in a domain of "human' meanings,

but we also know. that we .are i~ ~he continuity of a genesis. That the body isgenerated locates our own inheriting ourselves, whereby we are wha t we are inour personal history intertwined wi th the histories which Wf! encoun te r on thebackground of a common intersubjecttve her i tage: it locates it fn an alreadyhuman, original, and unconscious form of heredity. The transmitting (tradieren]in its broadest possible sense, is the form of this genetic-temporal. becoming ofman in the world. The reciprocal identification of human ego's, which hashitherto been considered in the distinction of its di fferent layers of meaning,here becomes specified, essentially and comprehensively, as meaningfu! trans-mission [Sinnuebertragung} and inheritance of meanings {Sinnerbschaft]. Thetransmitting implies the temporality within which identification obtains as aprocess. Being in the tradition, in its total meaning, implies inherence to a nexus. whereby I am what I am and extracting for me from others my personal being ina necessary reshaping. Human generation is not vacuous, but means to begenerated in a possible personal constitution. It is the effective transmission oftypical properties and not of the mere monadic egological form of being. Theawakening monad contains the transmitted ab i 1 i ties as the possibility ofawakening. Yet, it is a new monad with a new hyle. The paternal abilities are itsO\VIl precisely through a joining together which is itself the way of beingdifferent through others.' 2 9

118 TELOS


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( ........ " -.... .... .;I;:' ,). t 130u:l I>' j ' tor~c' l11 'u,IIUlItl011. - - clet uscensider the mod e of c on stit.u t:io n o f awakeOB,d life '"means o f ' theexperience of s l l e e , p w h : i c , b _ iSiImm.edi:ady a :t o u r di sposa l , W,e lonIY'kn.ow o f i t . in a .

~imited nywhenwe '.'[all as:l!ee:p,~'i(BimcWBl~N')'md ' w beDwe :awakieD'~ '(AI~fTlmch:et l l ! ) : th.! 'fb 'd 'Ia k le.n ,a s d e : p ' o , i , e : n t i a l i z a : l i o i l l ' Mid oop'Olver ishmeimrt o f 'thelife: of C'O.IlSdO'WUless,iq its psy;ch ic. . ;OO[po,reai faculties and, the second , IS,u nex pec ted ree,o "er in g o f O J , percept ive : f i , e l d ( Ieeo,gnmed a s th a tw bic b 'w as leven" '~'beioJ1e"".I:n B e t w e , e n . th etw Q m om en ts ther,e is a pau se: sleep. T h e d ream and,eve r y th i n : I , else loo:nlaine,d ,i n i t , - t h e ' v : e r y l l ime ,o f tlle I d l I J e ' a D l' w l U c~ , b m r i J J g its,Oiwna:utonom011JS, COllsUtll,iV8' structure, i s , a ' ' d i f f e r e n t ~ tim e - canno t O J 1 ,thisem,p,no,ess. ,I32 Whatevcrtbe case; ,may be with slee,ping hfe, 13S the faclliB,mamsthai [0. f a D . i r l l asleep I ,hlye!~ie. ,(~~,l o n e ' 1 . ' 1 ' , ) ' b e d , a n d uJPoo , a w a : k J e W l P g I ' i " i I I ' e m e m b e i r ~ i I 'it: I. am :f,fi l ' :lyilg ' C l I O the 'bed . ~"T h ls ':s tm l ':ti' .s a ys:H u ssed , "is p re;c isely thep'lioble,m h e ' e ~ ~ ~ ' 1 3 4 Memo , :~ , ,pe,dorms, 1m . , e - s s e D ' t ia l J lf u n c : t i O D . 'be'cause t i uou ,gk itlure:eain the 'l1ueads:' ()I ' fm y le 'mp,orali ty a n d o f the temp,ofs l i ty o f :m y w odd 'byr ,edis :c-Oiverm i&,in , add ltio ll to th e paju 'se~ 'th e u n ity ,o f m y dUra t i o n , and theidentity ,of whl,t su r ro u n d s m e, We c an l e D e r a i n ~ e ItIUs: m s u 1 / , t ,mid da im : d I a , t :" ' :syotbeti ,e ~!dentKic,aUo.n. .m u s t c om e .in ,e"le.ry tim e su c h a sp a tia l p i'esen t ls' C ( u ] c s , U : t u , t e d , in 1 i J 4 n - B [ p e J c : e p U v ! : ' l ~ e~m ,po r a lW l t i oo ,l O d : r e c o U e c t ir o . J l I I " c p , r o d , y , c e s as i'm il ,a r :p'l'e :s e:n t w lr ie ,h" in ' terms: o f ' Ihe 'Ci~lnleml" is de l ,e rmmed , , a n a " over~determ in ed a s ! 'th e ;p as t. B ut 'th is ,me: lm .s neitheI '~ i lc lenUty' n o r IcUf fereaoe : a nd .simUaritym the I(u d'm ,a ry .ense of tb lew,o l[d,.'- 1 :3 ,S " '

Aw,ak,eDed U fe ,i s n,o, t a 'C Q , n . s ta n t a n d i nexhaus ted . being awakened,: its:eonstanee ; aB ld . dlJlt o f Ilhe'wodd ,ze!el1 lt mit: u,consti'tuted, i n. 'th e multipUcity' o f


35/40

problem o f 'th e m ean in g o f :m div id 'u a l par tic ipa tio .n to 'th e ln ters -ubjec tiv e nexu san d o f th .e in~eln ,a I co nne cUon , De:twelD th e mtersu&j~c t j " , e , a m d . t t 1 b e pe: r somi lt[uitio,n: ' thus, ' t i 'hth :andl ,death Dol, only eaDDo t be cODSidrRu i as evellrt'fU t p i . , r iDgm, t e r sub i ec t iYe : a : D ! d , i n lr er h i sto r ic a J i, um i ty~ra :d1e r " Ilh.e, mu s t l ie,lo on s idr IfC ld ,a s c; ' ,connectin,gme:m'befs"' :131' 'd tro u ,p Wh ich ' 1 m 1 S D , n i t y beoQ,mesp,oosible.- M :y ' ow,o and th e e X . u : a n e : o u . s , vadiUm ' that J : ,have cons t i tu led~1 ale rec i .p r loeaUra rod i[n ,te m a D y' b OI:n .d, in fbie m ed ia tio n ,o f th e inte:[5U~jKdve'tfmUim.o"Shared lH \e ,~Gemef 1'C_l f f l e6e f l )1 is : th e ,U (e : '9 ' "ilpetsomi[j, ill a , cont inuo l lS t t oBd'whi t ib : i s bo th ac tu a l: an d : po ten tia l .. In:te1EsUbjectile hilstodcj~y l(in,ttNBu'ljek.tiHRistomitae. t) is not a '''l :beiDI-nextet.O- 'e lch-o ther o f perso na l bein g andbeeoming,a m , d , (II! i n d i Y : i d l l l a l - , p e r s O , l 1 a J , rus tOl i, ci ti .es ( tram, tio !u )" b u . 'I t h e : 'Wlity of'lool,n:nec'ted'humanitiest of hon.ds" and bonds , of bODds~ ,of multiple mt,ertwioli l l lS, 1 0 ,_loonrtiD:l!I)o'l l l '9~y ~oM ;ec 'led m eri't81tio:ns:'Wh i cb fmd , ,m ' l jkh;, bIiiDI~;d~aled~ e r 6 U J ' I i C k : , . .heit)1 'Oleir h isto ric ity" the unity ,o f a l(per:soaaUy bOWlI'))h um a a PII.ence~ an d ,gf':a life in : l U s t o r i . J ; : a l c ommum t y w1rlch canno t be bro ken In to a sepa ra te s in gu la r ityo f l .i : v e ,s ,. " I .38 The : f o r m oi f the: , : e c i p , o c a " motwillim d , e . f m e s , th e I C o m , p l e x . r e , . s l imfc ".~- .. ..:fII~ t" . 'b ",,..D ..I... ~ .d:....::d~'. :1 1 d '- ~11.... 11_ ~ .. j.....o con~lu,ous ,D'Wo8.IO,D e ' ,w i ren 'we mUll'i'- ViI ,aft ',Y5 ,poo,p. m Its ICODCI'B~lempoml bein-l theuulili,daal, 0, .iII ,~ tradiUQD, l8Blef __ a ; fIllm! that: ,o f du :, c o r m n u :D i 1 t y ,o f wh ich he : i s , a part a n d w h i c h . be ~ h i : m s e l f c& c on sti:tu t'es : '~. an : 1 5 ,I!ot , onJyio th e c om m un ity ~bu t to the exte'D.t tha , t he dev,eiol's in th e internal,sh a rin g , and he fo rn u , fO 'I and wi.th it ,i n rec ip ro ca iJ! r no tiv ,a ,tioD:., h en ce to th ee D e n t that fremtlme ' t o t U n e ! he lbas,beco, ine~ h e c a n i ed , 'w idI iD . b . iD u e l f O L e

l20


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-1 I_r ,1Dd.1DIJIe ,com L - - 'e , ~ ' : _ ,J'iL1.'D',B y le'li'bofating th r ' bemg o ,f tbe subj ' I 'c t as; "':story ,mid relation we can alsoi O O m c U y g r a ~ p l ' 1 1 1 , 9 1ih-,DL~I D f c u i , tW '! e '. Dod'er w , t t i C h tiU e w e h a d , I I ) , r i _ . h u l l y- .~ .___ 'd ll eR ' " ,hl!lDllll-iBt!I-- Ibj ._ctL_:me~g 'm I_-rat 'TIds bappl~-, af t l = - " -

,'_ ,I: : r o : : ; ed , , - = - - ; - : ,_ 1 '10 DB ,-:_i- _ : : J = - 1 1 1 1 _ - : _ = : ~ _ _ I o f - , - = - _ m _~- -, I"_,-D in , i;-- \_::-;"BWuMu, )Il~-IUte _,T -' Iif:i;q,bo'-c - _ -, ~- b c_~_'e;. llial ,-'" _ -, .'lftsf" m ,ak tAd o f im m e dJlc 'y - ha,~U In .ed 'o-a ,!: tote ' tJO~tb- ' loera ,1iDg, andFD,-Iated in tbehLma:o "a rm o f ,l'IiIJUmittiqr- 42 ia th e ,.:n - r aliv e m ed ia ti:o o~- om _D lu m ly = - ' , ' -'"-h - I - = - = - 'i' '= 1 ,8- _lie p tI I !nHy~'_0---. _ Ii :, fnJitbi - "I- I-m ,o ,~ , . 'Ve( t b - : - i : 1 ' 10 it, hwna . n faD, , o , r , _ _.::,Blmti n 1; _' ih ~ ban-BO'D ,of '

melnin,p~ is, :Io't p l I I : N I : ) 1 ' :na:t 'l IJra)'i ' b' l ll l , "' ' ' , r iJ-persOMI~ T h us" 'th e' k O r r i Z C I I I D of: s h a rm l 'w itbm w idc li lm a n f iB ds , ,h im s e lC is a , IpeJ l ' ,sond~cu ' l tur ,a I horeon ,of,-- -~_-~t4l, = ~ , - - , " ' : - - , ~ ', ~ : . , - ' lid - I, He:

121


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tile beoomingwlUcb :ma~~s,histo~y,. 11lb humaai~ is sl l lb j,ectivi(y as the carrlero f th ,e h is to rtea l w orld . 'T he' express io n does no t m ean , U feh is to ri,ca lly a live; , andloollStituUve D i f hiS'b.lIY, but the~ cor re la t ive sUfioundiJ1,g wodd as a h u t , m ' I DSUl r lOU;RdJ iQg wo;dd wh iC l \ , s t a r tmg : fm m m a D", f r ,o m to ta l lnnnamity" it IcaniHwj,dl ioi tse. l f ' : s ' p i d . i J l q a J iamng UOOItR; p 1 l \ o p e d i e s : o f , r - e a f i l : i e s , a n d , ,of ' 'rh~,.Jllt i,c,. .' d ~ , 'L,_... t:L,:~, ,. '.... "b- " &; , 'L, bistoIllCIt.y~, i ID" d: ! ! l~ Jlg :mean:tng J . [ I ; I O I D 'uman iOpeOitUlg= tromme tnterestspu rpo ses", an d system s o f hum an pu rpo ses .." 1 ,4 4M a n " ' ; s : h i s t -O T r i c i rt y i s ; defmed 'by h i s , bc l l Q ng h~ l , in th e w o , d d , a s , uwqulymdMd:qate,din,the intenUb~'dvle me,diatioo-,,.a as total in div idu al ,an d s lnmed",fDls., Between die mdPidUd ad, dIe ,grOgI" , .W,P' and, . ' 0 0 " 1 ' wod d , , and: m d i V ' l d ' U a I , and w ,o ild a : n d , ,pOOP' , 'theR ~ i i s a "ed , r edproca l d i t l , l e c , u c i l, 'wb ,osem ean ing m u st be p 'enodleal lydetemUned.

VI..= "_OW "Iean" tum 'to ' t h i s , 01 ' tba't and :81 on. w lr '. ith e mi,an and. with thedescr ip t ion , . Th i s "turning tow ard s " is a Ir 'eady ,a mode o f activity j145' bu ts u bjiec tiw e P '1 ' 3 C : U C a i l l i ; t y do es : n o t , e n d in t h i s , ooD'templatioD.; ~~Yet,U te I II,,essentially IClue in ano tber su o se alSOI~, Starlm,!], & om itsetf"dtrougb ils, Own ,,ac,t iv l i I ty,~, lkel ,oo,mm'U,nic:a:a, ;1_ ,o ,di6ed, mean iDg ; :1 0 '.:1, iI,e.riew!~iS; ,a s being"in 'th e w o .dd", :ah eady 'with a d etc rm in ed m ea ni:n g o 'fbe,~n gwhich it h a s . b e 'C 3 u s e ,'o f thepast (e~ eJn tu aDY~ [ith ~ r;, n ec es sa rily th r o u gh apperception), oudining: the

,fut:u:re o f :i d:en .'U ca lbe in ,g .," 146 Through . m y fHfDZ~is . l ,perne' t IB, lm th e alTead;y~giyeD,,aDd I mo dify il's ,beim f 'Sg :..a lI__R8 ,dy~'bec lom e, in , its fOnD aDd ill iis-Ientual

: 1 2 2 ' T , E L O S


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everyday' We I' : a .m ' i D need,; ,ew r.,.d .y' l,c tB e (s te} Of 'd te :sa tis fac tio n o f m yh u n ,.1 ' an d Iam w o rr ied 1('rD'_"') ,abo'ut m , tom o .no 'W :- s i n c e today's need:appellS a s p e : r ic u t i c , a 1 1 y repeated, a n d as Id ., "to [ , e a p p e a r . : " 'M e re , d a D y , s a , t i s f a c , t i . o O , $ :- -h a r r e DO p ein n an em , tr 'ls Jd t. T h e , I ,ppm;p, rudoo, ' amddte lea t i I ( l ; ,o f loodJ , , p r D d , g , o e s , i J ; s ,own ItO iD .S \I:R Q 1 lt iD :ft.,~ 1 '1 4 '9' -i '~At 'the begiDniDi1' 'thac is ,Do , t h in l bu't'lh~b,ody 'sunco ,ndi t iDnal , h u nge r andth e h ,u n t fo r fo o d , fo r' bnmedille sau ' fae; I iOll : tbe hunt , is I t hebod ,y ' i s , o r i , g i : n a l , _p 'm j :, ec t wh le tbe fo o ,d ''',d la t t1 o 'w s :rd sVhieh be is dliea-dly aal -caa , a n d t h rough'w , h f e :b 'b e ,can 'leqgjlQ ene, PileciHly 10 ' t ! h e ,exteotlbat 'die dueaI o f ' ' u n s a t i l d i e d ,b,u~leris direct ,od, 't,o th e, ,o r ig in a l possibi l i ty 'olf d I e ! body, : i t i s , a , t l D e l , t o f . ( l e t J t . h ' ~in fm lo 't o f which leD bm ee b e e D , m e s , aopsbed:: '~'Hongerwhich Jema io slUlsati_s :6-d ,: , ,_ t h e r : s impaleDIa! ~o act: ,001 , c m l y ' n o ' I : ~ w a A U . D I : - ; m ' J I nDI (uil)'

" ' D c c ; i l W , n a D _ y t u I P S . 'O s R e d Id'elire - .in ( l t e , iJ iRlI 'o f t h e s a t i s . f i e d a n d unsati.s:fieddesi,'" hindeted. : iD :i,ts ,'ree, .lIIa tio n , - b.t .pi. ,o f' :be ia g . De-spe"atJioo in'I 'o n ,t, o f t lte ~mo, t :~he in l~o and , o r { ' 1 he Dot~beiDg4hl,e~to~lle,"apin.T h e 3 !Ilp idl o f]j,fe"the '",lDp:iIh o if dea :d t' ,_ 'w i thO llt :r :ep :lI:es ema ti IOD 'o f l 4 Ia tb , . '~lfa i t ' ln :ffMt o fh U ; n p l , . : ~ " 1 5 1 0 1 ' T h e n . , tb e ,0 '1i . ' 'Whol is ' b e : t - w e e D 'm y bull le . r 8:odl m ,J ' o o d 101 ' d I e 1sa,tisfacti,OR lo f bis hunaer be,comes ,m y "","(11 e l lemy' , : _ ' , cTh . e others an d th estruDe' w i 1 h others , -ill1lte tbreaa ,m li fe : ti s, tn ; gJ le i :fol ' life and, ,deatb". IStrugl-'wi th o , ' lD led 1 7 0 1 1 'O ! R e ~ " s , own , bein ,1 ~ '1 '9 delenni. 'Who ( les : o lf :h un . , :fm J ! a d t 'of '' . '. w h - , . b L,.. . .. 1. . :'- -. .. .I~,'.' d' n - ( C ' 'fL.. '~)~-'D U Q ,IOO n , - - , ' O I C ~ 'lJ ii .; ie o :f t le s"elj:~;. m y ' u n oO J b.b O D e.c _ 'Wl', r te r m y :u em , g '. ,Iii, confl ic t Widi tile lu th er"s , wil l : ' I dUeet i uyseWapin s t him m,b i l wlQolildilio I_d' w i D , a ,pm n rum w ith ,m n C :GD,d~,tlO J\ed h at-Fe'd. T h e, o. t:heli ' i s m , Y ' morta l ,

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e,o :n s:titu tio n o f 'th e , f ! ;v,eryday perma,nenoe~ I 5 S o f .us,c,ful means 1 5 ,6 ,and gocd s .Y et, alo ng th e lin es h ere barely a ~,d d o ub tfb lly o u tlin ed , of a . p b e n o ! m e : n , 0 1 0 , g y IQ,'n eed an d o f p'lox'is" w e m u s ,t also, c o n sid .er th e fdure o f what ,moUv~a , ' .perma:nlence" ~ ~ W e a t t h c " caa h e c ome 'die c c o d m itself 'o f , t l .ooumul lJt iaN' (A~SI,, ,mhtng,, VumeImiRfJ: to a Iwa y s 3 !c c uM U ,la f ie m e re a n d m o re m on ey likea ccumu la t i ng mOin~ ; aBd mo r e s't:am,ps,IS1 a n d to : g a m m o re an d m o re pow er as a, good , and an en jo ym en t wh i c h f inds its mean ing an d en d o n ly ill th e a lQY's 'mo' re : " Powe r is , I1 lways m ore pow ,e,r ~ ruldl over .al :wa,ys 'bro ader ,bu ntaD ,g ro op s ,.'Ce r t a in l y " , uu f i v .idl l,; d d:ominmdoD aDdl ,Cfj)I iI,t [,olis , ,10, ,eu jnyment ,~ b u , t : a p e r m . a u 8 o tgood is to have p o w , e l i' I ' lin bI',e theindiYi:dual as a dav'e (bere. witbout h isv i :q .utilUy in ,m in d ): to domin.ate , 2. c om m un ity , a g f 'OUp" to h a v e :1 .,oonstantMa;s"telj 'over ' tha t an d eve:rUuaUy to constantly extend ene's dom ain o f mas.tery ti din.fi"'itum!."~l58T h e I's OJri,gbtai pm-~tilcailily' comp ' l \ehens i eIly d ' f i :nes: lex is tea o e ,( Ex ill:en z ) a s"II!:: .lI1.,~ ..., .,L L~ ~., ~ ,. ,.. ,~I '5 n , r : ; : f ' ....liIIl.Ud~ '.,atilill J l iQ tO l r y : !U ' l le .,uJ1 leDtm,g m ID comtaD'!p ,r es en t .~ .,.I' js lust 0:' ~ ,ml:"c.". 1 '1 is , a l w a . Y , 5 al i t ' le tn th e l o ' pemn l , o f the pm; ' s ibh~and in be:i:qg,able 'fow,wizeth e pro jec t o f my Uviqg~1 n ow live in "the hope (Hoff~ung)' o f c o n tin u in g , o nJiv iln .g m d in th e t : t u : - e (Sorge') , tumed to . tes :o '~v ing th e mode of th e p lro jec tedpossibility: ~ , c E v , e f Y u t e : in h : o p e ' is , : ~ e in laue'" an d i , G e ' versa , ifaJl ieof ,existen:ceIconce, I 'D!Si ,th e A o'w and DO l t the ' MIls' Dlf lex is tence. r . ' iI6.'U I ' ,he" tm a '[ is or ipnaU:ytumed ' 1 ' 0 , the I ,~can :n :o : rma l :U'~eIs :a~w,ays threatened :in the process ofi!sm u ltip le p ro jec ts o r even in its. ow n bein g a ble to b e a ;g ,a .in .Dea th Is t h e ! : l imi t o f

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th is is prec luded { r , om hJ~ a nd that be , i s , ,oondeml ! led, for U.fe :''If ' as ,pun i s hmen t 'he ,C lDn"o t d o ar ry tb iDg , hi ,3 , s oUta l 1 , oen~ 0,[ if h e : i i s : . f o l ''O e d i , " ' ! i l ' ,

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Piana G.,History and Existence in Husserl's Manuscripts