PIA 3090PIA 3090

Development TheoryDevelopment Theory

ReportsReports

I. Literary MapI. Literary Map

II. Golden Oldies of the WeekII. Golden Oldies of the Week

III. SynthesisIII. Synthesis

Development Studies Seminar Development Studies Seminar

Counter-DependencyCounter-Dependency

Social Development and Social Development and Human ResourcesHuman Resources

Focus of the WeekFocus of the Week

Counter-Dependency Strategies Counter-Dependency Strategies Policy prescriptions of Policy prescriptions of

dependency theory dependency theory

On Counter-dependency strategies see Louis A. picard, "Self-Sufficiency, Delinkage, and Food Production: Limits on Agricultural Development in Africa," in World Food policies: Toward Agricultural Interdependence , William P. Browne and Don F. Hadwiger, eds. (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1986), pp. 121-136 and

Louis A. Picard and Michele Garrity, "Dependency Avoidance, Dependency reversal and economic development: Cases from the nineteenth-century periphery," Africanus: Journal of Development Alternatives, vol. 23, nos. 1 and 2 (1993), pp. 13-29.

Unpaid non-political announcement:

Agricultural promotionAgricultural promotion

Counter-Dependency Counter-Dependency Strategies- OneStrategies- One

1. World Systems Transformation 1. World Systems Transformation (Wallerstein)(Wallerstein)

2. World Redistribution (Brandt Commission 2. World Redistribution (Brandt Commission NIEO)NIEO)

3. Social Systems Transformation (Myrdal)3. Social Systems Transformation (Myrdal)

4. Regional Cooperation (producer cartels)4. Regional Cooperation (producer cartels)

Gunnar Myrdal (1897-Gunnar Myrdal (1897-1987)1987)

An American DilemmAn American Dilemma: The Negro Problea: The Negro Problem and Modern Demom and Modern Democracycracy (1944)(1944)

Asian Drama: An Asian Drama: An inquiry into the inquiry into the Poverty of NationsPoverty of Nations (1968)(1968)

Counter-Dependency Counter-Dependency Strategies- TwoStrategies- Two

5. Self-sufficiency (autarky)5. Self-sufficiency (autarky)

6. Delinking (or partial self-sufficiency)6. Delinking (or partial self-sufficiency)

7. Dependency avoidance7. Dependency avoidance

8. Dependency reversal8. Dependency reversal

9. Dependent Development (Cardozo and 9. Dependent Development (Cardozo and Evans in Munoz)Evans in Munoz)

The Synthesis: The Synthesis: Development Development ManagementManagement

Strategies for government action not Strategies for government action not that much different.that much different.

eg. Import substitution. Planning, eg. Import substitution. Planning, basic needs and capital accumulationbasic needs and capital accumulation

Key: Internal Capacity Key: Internal Capacity BuildingBuilding

Counter-Dependency Framework for Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: analysis:

Social Development, Human Capital Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capitaland Social Capital

HRD ConceptsHRD Concepts

1. Socialization1. Socialization

2. Status vs. Role2. Status vs. Role

3. Counter-Roles3. Counter-Roles

4. Role Theory4. Role Theory

““Self awareness – give feedback on how Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of one sees oneself, and how the rest of

the team view each other”the team view each other”

Recruitment of Recruitment of Administrative ElitesAdministrative Elites

a. Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable a. Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)

b. Maximum Ascriptive- Western European b. Maximum Ascriptive- Western European modelmodel

c. Progressive Equal Attrition- U.S. and Russian c. Progressive Equal Attrition- U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of German system. Partly reality and aspects of German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)out)

Strategy of Human Strategy of Human DevelopmentDevelopment

Understand Concepts Understand Concepts explaining transformationexplaining transformation

Combinations of welfare and Combinations of welfare and human resource developmenthuman resource development

World Bank InstituteWorld Bank Institute

Alternative Choices-1Alternative Choices-1

1. Human Resource Development (Skills 1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity)development and Labor productivity)

2. Social Development: Health, Education 2. Social Development: Health, Education and Communityand Community

3. Societal Development and Environmental 3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme) Analysis (Turner and Hulme)

4. Basic Needs4. Basic Needs

Alternative Choices-2Alternative Choices-2

5. Management Development5. Management Development

6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution 6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument?(Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument?

7. Civil Society- Is this an HRD issue?7. Civil Society- Is this an HRD issue?

The Nature of Moral The Nature of Moral ArgumentsArguments

Alternative Choices-3Alternative Choices-38. NGOs and Development:8. NGOs and Development:

a. Social Development or left wing a. Social Development or left wing privatization?privatization?

b. Scaling-up and self-spreadingb. Scaling-up and self-spreading

9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy 9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills)(John Stuart Mills)

10. Women and Development vs. Gender and 10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?Development. What is the difference?

John Stuart Mills ((20 May 1806 John Stuart Mills ((20 May 1806

– 8 May 1873)– 8 May 1873)

Liberal ThinkerLiberal Thinker

The Subjection of The Subjection of Women Women (1869)(1869)

Argument in favor Argument in favor of equality between of equality between the sexes.the sexes.

Overall Question:Overall Question:

LDCs- Weak states vs. Strong LDCs- Weak states vs. Strong societies or weak states vs. societies or weak states vs. weak societies?weak societies?

(State vs. Nation or (State vs. Nation or Community vs. Society)Community vs. Society)

Quotes of the Week: Quotes of the Week: Deconstruct Each- Quote 1Deconstruct Each- Quote 1

““Which comes first, the chicken or the Which comes first, the chicken or the egg?”egg?”

An Old PhilosopherAn Old Philosopher

Artist: Jusepe de Ribera Artist: Jusepe de Ribera (baptized in 1591, died (baptized in 1591, died

1652)1652)

Mock Comprehensive Question:Mock Comprehensive Question:

What comes first, the chicken or the What comes first, the chicken or the egg? Is human resource development egg? Is human resource development different from economic development different from economic development within a social development within a social development framework, what differences can be framework, what differences can be found? What criticism can be made of found? What criticism can be made of social development approaches? social development approaches? What are the other chicken and egg What are the other chicken and egg problems of development studies?problems of development studies?

Workshop ExerciseWorkshop Exercise1.1. Deconstruct Question (Group One)Deconstruct Question (Group One)

2.2. Provide ten references for Question Provide ten references for Question (Group Two)(Group Two)

3.3. Write Questions from Quotes 2-4 Write Questions from Quotes 2-4 (Group Three)(Group Three)

4.4. Write Questions From Quotes 4-6Write Questions From Quotes 4-6

Quote 2Quote 2

““gemeinschaft vs. gesellschaft”gemeinschaft vs. gesellschaft”

German DichotomyGerman Dichotomy

Industria vs. AgrariaIndustria vs. Agraria

A. IndividualistA. Individualist

And secularAnd secular

B. Organic and B. Organic and

Community Community

Quote 3Quote 3

““I discuss only those bodies of theory that I discuss only those bodies of theory that can be understood within the framework of can be understood within the framework of Western rationalism with roots at the Western rationalism with roots at the philosophies of European enlightenment, philosophies of European enlightenment, with its main emphasis on interpretation and with its main emphasis on interpretation and explanation, rather than normative and explanation, rather than normative and utopian.”utopian.”

John MartinussenJohn Martinussen

Quote 4Quote 4

““They believe that the state is part of They believe that the state is part of the problem and should therefore be the problem and should therefore be avoided as much as possible.”avoided as much as possible.”

John MartinussenJohn Martinussen

Quote 5Quote 5

““The Third World is The Third World is the creation of foreign the creation of foreign aid; without foreign aid; without foreign aid there is no third aid there is no third world.” (Look to the world.” (Look to the Market)Market)

Lord (Peter Thomas) Lord (Peter Thomas) BauerBauer- - 1915-20021915-2002

Quote 6Quote 6

Rural poverty is Rural poverty is "unperceived.""unperceived."

Robert ChambersRobert Chambers

Robert ChambersRobert Chambers

Opening speech at Opening speech at the the Farmer First RevisiteFarmer First Revisitedd workshop held at workshop held at IDS 12-14 December IDS 12-14 December 20072007