PIA 2501PIA 2501

Development Policy Development Policy and Managementand Management

Southern SudanSouthern Sudan Capital- Juba: A town with no servicesCapital- Juba: A town with no services

Thirty Years of Civil WarThirty Years of Civil War

Referendum: January, 2011Referendum: January, 2011

86% illiterate86% illiterate

Africa’s 55Africa’s 55thth Independent Country Independent Country

Juba-1Juba-1

Juba-2Juba-2

AN OVERVIEWAN OVERVIEW

PIA 2501: PIA 2501: Issues in Issues in DevelopmentDevelopment

Course ParticipantsCourse Participants Introduction of Group- Introduction of Group-

NameName

BackgroundBackground

GoalsGoals

Future PlansFuture Plans

A View from the SouthA View from the South

The Overall Thrust of the The Overall Thrust of the CourseCourse

The assumption that it is not The assumption that it is not possible to under-stand possible to under-stand development policy and development policy and administration without a firm administration without a firm grasp of the social and political grasp of the social and political processes at the national and processes at the national and international levels that define international levels that define that policythat policy

Course Objectives and PurposeCourse Objectives and Purpose Introduce students to the complexities of the Introduce students to the complexities of the

development debatedevelopment debate

Introduce basic concepts of development theory, Introduce basic concepts of development theory, development management, and the project cycledevelopment management, and the project cycle

Provide students a forum to read and discuss Provide students a forum to read and discuss issues impacting their choice of professional issues impacting their choice of professional specialization and geographical area of expertisespecialization and geographical area of expertise

Seven Major GoalsSeven Major Goals1.1. Briefly Examine History of Development DebateBriefly Examine History of Development Debate

2.2. Understand Development Concepts  and the relationship Understand Development Concepts  and the relationship between development management and planning and the between development management and planning and the political process;political process;

3.3. Discuss Government, NGO and Grassroots Approaches to Discuss Government, NGO and Grassroots Approaches to Development and the nature of rural and urban Development and the nature of rural and urban development strategies and policiesdevelopment strategies and policies

4.4. Introduce Program and Project Planning Processes Introduce Program and Project Planning Processes

Goals, ContinuedGoals, Continued5.5. Examine the demands for structural adjustment and Examine the demands for structural adjustment and

public sector reform in a post-development public sector reform in a post-development administration ageadministration age

6.6. Examine Human resource Development as a strategy Examine Human resource Development as a strategy for development and Debate Human Resource for development and Debate Human Resource Development ApproachesDevelopment Approaches

7.7. The impact of international actors (including The impact of international actors (including multilateral and bilateral donors, multinational multilateral and bilateral donors, multinational corporations and non-governmental private voluntary corporations and non-governmental private voluntary organizations) and organizations) and Examine Consequences of Donor Examine Consequences of Donor Fatigue, Structural Adjustment and September 11, 2001Fatigue, Structural Adjustment and September 11, 2001

The Overall Context of the The Overall Context of the CourseCourse

1. Ambitious1. Ambitious 2. Flexible2. Flexible

3. Choice Based3. Choice Based

Course ConcernsCourse Concerns The course will raise as many questions as The course will raise as many questions as

it answers, and is designed to link it answers, and is designed to link development literature with cultural values development literature with cultural values and normsand norms

Provide students with an introduction to the Provide students with an introduction to the theories and practice of development theories and practice of development management and planning, and their management and planning, and their relationship to political and party processesrelationship to political and party processes

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea

Course Components and Course Components and Recurring ThemesRecurring Themes

Begin with a Historical evolution of Begin with a Historical evolution of development administration since World War IIdevelopment administration since World War II

Case studies of Africa, Middle East and Asia, the Case studies of Africa, Middle East and Asia, the Caribbean and Latin AmericaCaribbean and Latin America

Contrast the case studies with contemporary Contrast the case studies with contemporary development debates in Eastern Europe and development debates in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent Statesthe Commonwealth of Independent States

An Overview of major development theoriesAn Overview of major development theories

1939-19451939-1945

Development ThemesDevelopment ThemesThe course will go forward to look at:The course will go forward to look at:

1.The Relationship between development 1.The Relationship between development management, planning and Governance management, planning and Governance processesprocesses

2. Limitations of development policy, 2. Limitations of development policy, planning and managementplanning and management

3.Human Resource Development as a 3.Human Resource Development as a StrategyStrategy

Development Themes:Development Themes:

4. Role of bilateral and multilateral 4. Role of bilateral and multilateral donors in the development process donors in the development process and the Impact of other International and the Impact of other International ActorsActors

5. The Role of NGOs (PVOs, CSOs, 5. The Role of NGOs (PVOs, CSOs, CSOs) in developmentCSOs) in development

Multi-National CorporationsMulti-National Corporations

Transnational Organizations (Private and Non-ProfitTransnational Organizations (Private and Non-Profit

End of Semester Development Questions End of Semester Development Questions For Those Working in For Those Working in DevelopmentDevelopment

1. The Use and Limits of the Project process in transitional and lesser developed “states”

2. Prospects for Development Management in 21st Century

Development Tourism?Development Tourism?

Discussion of Syllabus: Discussion of Syllabus: NoteNote No No Reading is Assigned- All Is Your Choice!Reading is Assigned- All Is Your Choice!1.1. Recommended Books: Masters and PhDRecommended Books: Masters and PhD

2.2. Books of the WeekBooks of the Week

3.3. Course RequirementsCourse Requirements

-Golden Oldies-Golden Oldies

-Case Studies-Case Studies

-Discussion Reading (Masters and PhD)-Discussion Reading (Masters and PhD)

-Area Book Lists-Area Book Lists

Course Assignments and Course Assignments and GradingGrading

1. Class Room Participation - 15% of Grade. 1. Class Room Participation - 15% of Grade. Students will be expected to discuss the Students will be expected to discuss the assigned reading during each class session assigned reading during each class session and the four books that they have chosen and the four books that they have chosen to read when they come up for discussion. to read when they come up for discussion. Given the size of the class no one will be Given the size of the class no one will be down graded for lack of participation. down graded for lack of participation. However, those who do regularly participate However, those who do regularly participate will be noted.will be noted.

•Cl

Assignments: Note Full Discussion in Assignments: Note Full Discussion in SyllabusSyllabus

2. Area Studies Work- 50% of Grade for each 2. Area Studies Work- 50% of Grade for each assignment. This work is based on an oral assignment. This work is based on an oral report and the group paper which is to be report and the group paper which is to be turned in at the end of the semester. Half of the turned in at the end of the semester. Half of the area studies grade will be on the presentation area studies grade will be on the presentation and half will focus on the written paper. The and half will focus on the written paper. The topic for each group will be topic for each group will be “What are the “What are the historical and cultural factors which have historical and cultural factors which have impacted upon the development debates in impacted upon the development debates in your region.”your region.”

AssignmentsAssignments3. Final Exam - 35% of Grade. This will be a 3. Final Exam - 35% of Grade. This will be a take home examination and will be based take home examination and will be based on questions provided by the instructor one on questions provided by the instructor one week prior to the end of class. The week prior to the end of class. The assignment should use the literature in the assignment should use the literature in the course, and class lectures and discussions course, and class lectures and discussions to write a critical essay. No library research to write a critical essay. No library research is required. This assignment will be due on is required. This assignment will be due on the last day of the semester.the last day of the semester.

Development EducationDevelopment Education

AssignmentsAssignments4. PhD Requirements- PhD students must read those 4. PhD Requirements- PhD students must read those reading materials marked “PhD Students” and read as reading materials marked “PhD Students” and read as much of the Masters level reading as possible. PhD much of the Masters level reading as possible. PhD students will participate in the area groups with students will participate in the area groups with Masters students, and assist in preparing both the oral Masters students, and assist in preparing both the oral and the written group presentations. In addition, each and the written group presentations. In addition, each PhD student will present one 25 minute min-lecture PhD student will present one 25 minute min-lecture during the course of the class and participate in a during the course of the class and participate in a round table discussion late in the class. They will also round table discussion late in the class. They will also be asked to write a ten page critical essay on the “PhD be asked to write a ten page critical essay on the “PhD Students” literature that they have read. The material Students” literature that they have read. The material assigned to PhD students will be of use in the assigned to PhD students will be of use in the preparation of their comprehensive examinations.preparation of their comprehensive examinations.

GradingGrading B- Lowest Grade. Will use only in B- Lowest Grade. Will use only in

extreme circumstancesextreme circumstances B Normal Grade. Shows Basic B Normal Grade. Shows Basic

Understanding of Reading in class, paper Understanding of Reading in class, paper and examand exam

B+B+ Shows evidence of reading beyond Shows evidence of reading beyond minimum level of effortminimum level of effort

A- Shows significant effort beyond A- Shows significant effort beyond minimumminimum

A Exceptional PerformanceA Exceptional Performance

Sign Up On BoardSign Up On BoardArea Clusters: Reading Lists for these clusters will be provided on the Picard Web Site.Area Clusters: Reading Lists for these clusters will be provided on the Picard Web Site.

Region One: Central America and the CaribbeanRegion One: Central America and the Caribbean  

Region Two: South AmericaRegion Two: South America  

Region Three: East and Southeast AsiaRegion Three: East and Southeast Asia  

Region Four: South Asia and the Middle East Region Four: South Asia and the Middle East   

Region Five: Eastern and Southern AfricaRegion Five: Eastern and Southern Africa  

Region Six: Western and Central Africa Region Six: Western and Central Africa   

Region Seven: Eastern Europe and EurasiaRegion Seven: Eastern Europe and Eurasia

Coffee BreakCoffee Break

Ten MinutesTen Minutes

“The legacies of some forty

years of “developm

ent adminis-tration

and manage-ment”

Development Policy: The Development Policy: The Issues: Tigers vs. KittiesIssues: Tigers vs. Kitties

Half a dozen success stories: Brazil, Half a dozen success stories: Brazil, Argentina, "Gang of Four," OPEC for a whileArgentina, "Gang of Four," OPEC for a while

Intermediate success- Malaysia, ThailandIntermediate success- Malaysia, Thailand Asian Crisis at the end of the MillenniumAsian Crisis at the end of the Millennium

Dependent Development and Poverty Tails Dependent Development and Poverty Tails China, India, Latin American countries (Middle China, India, Latin American countries (Middle Income Countries or Emerging Markets)Income Countries or Emerging Markets)

Tigers in Decline Since 1997Tigers in Decline Since 1997

The Geographical The Geographical IssuesIssues

AfricaAfrica civil war, drought, AIDScivil war, drought, AIDS

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe economic instability, ethnic conflicteconomic instability, ethnic conflict

““Americas”Americas” debt burdens, political weakness, structural debt burdens, political weakness, structural

changechange Asia and Middle EastAsia and Middle East

economic downturns, “crony capitalism, economic downturns, “crony capitalism, Religious FundamentalismReligious Fundamentalism

North America, Western Europe, JapanNorth America, Western Europe, Japan ““donor fatigue,” Impact of September 11donor fatigue,” Impact of September 11

Development Policy: The Development Policy: The IssuesIssues

Patterns of Economic Decline much of Africa, Patterns of Economic Decline much of Africa, parts of Asia, Central America and the Caribbeanparts of Asia, Central America and the Caribbean

Disaster and collapsed states: Ethiopia, Somalia, Disaster and collapsed states: Ethiopia, Somalia, Rwanda, Angola. Liberia, Afghanistan, Iraq, etc.Rwanda, Angola. Liberia, Afghanistan, Iraq, etc.

The Rise of Fundamentalism in much of the The Rise of Fundamentalism in much of the Middle East and parts of Africa and South AsiaMiddle East and parts of Africa and South Asia

European Union or civil strife in Central Europe European Union or civil strife in Central Europe and CISand CIS

AFRICA?

The Realities of the Other The Realities of the Other WorldWorld In the last fifteen years, civil war, drought and In the last fifteen years, civil war, drought and

misdirected economic policies have misdirected economic policies have devastated much of Africa and parts of the devastated much of Africa and parts of the Middle East. Middle East.

Millions of people have died violently or from Millions of people have died violently or from starvation and millions face a lifetime crippled starvation and millions face a lifetime crippled by malnutrition and war. The AIDS pandemic by malnutrition and war. The AIDS pandemic threatens millions more.threatens millions more.

Congo: Largest loss of life since World War Two

“Four Million People Dead in Central Africa” since 2001

The Realities of the Other The Realities of the Other WorldWorld

The Soviet Union has collapsed and much of The Soviet Union has collapsed and much of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States have joined the "transitional" Independent States have joined the "transitional" or some would say the "underdeveloped world." or some would say the "underdeveloped world."

The Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia The Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia have been plagued by ethnic conflict. The have been plagued by ethnic conflict. The Russian Federation today stands on the brink of Russian Federation today stands on the brink of economic and political disaster.economic and political disaster.

ChechnyaChechnya

The Realities of the Other The Realities of the Other WorldWorld

The so-called newly emerging markets The so-called newly emerging markets of Asia have succumbed to economic of Asia have succumbed to economic instability and "crony capitalism" and instability and "crony capitalism" and the Asian Debt Crisis of the late 1990s. the Asian Debt Crisis of the late 1990s.

Maldives CartoonMaldives Cartoon

The Core Issue of a New Cold War?

Much of the Middle East, parts of Asia, Europe and much of Africa, are gripped by religious fundamentalism and Puritanism and an often-violent reaction against Western social thought and economic theories.

The RealitiesThe Realities

Central America remains politically and Central America remains politically and economically weak and the dangers of economically weak and the dangers of conflict remain throughout much of the conflict remain throughout much of the region. Haiti and Cuba remain on the brink region. Haiti and Cuba remain on the brink of economic disaster and political change. of economic disaster and political change.

South America faces debt and yet more South America faces debt and yet more structural adjustment. Drug economies structural adjustment. Drug economies have come to dominate a number of have come to dominate a number of countries in Central and South America.countries in Central and South America.

Drug Wars

The RealitiesThe Realities

North America, Western Europe and North America, Western Europe and Japan suffer from donor fatigue. Japan suffer from donor fatigue.

The gap between the “rich and poor The gap between the “rich and poor nations” has widened dramatically nations” has widened dramatically since Barbara Ward coined the term in since Barbara Ward coined the term in the 1950s.the 1950s.

1987 and 2007

Nation Building and Armed Nation Building and Armed Social WorkSocial Work The United States suffers specifically from a The United States suffers specifically from a

reaction to the events of September 11, 2001.reaction to the events of September 11, 2001.

Now digesting the implications of being an Now digesting the implications of being an occupying power in Iraq, Afghanistan, (and occupying power in Iraq, Afghanistan, (and with its allies), Bosnia, and Kosovo. with its allies), Bosnia, and Kosovo.

Other effectively occupied states include Other effectively occupied states include Liberia, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Southern Sudan Liberia, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Southern Sudan and parts of Somalia and Sierra Leoneand parts of Somalia and Sierra Leone

Horn of Africa and Sahel new zone of warHorn of Africa and Sahel new zone of war

The RealitiesThe Realities There continue to be almost universal demands There continue to be almost universal demands

from the West for structural adjustment, from the West for structural adjustment, democratic governance and public sector reform in democratic governance and public sector reform in a post-development administration age.a post-development administration age.

This Despite the Western Banking Crisis and Melt This Despite the Western Banking Crisis and Melt Down Down

Since 2001, there has been a deepening suspicion Since 2001, there has been a deepening suspicion of the “non-western World” in the U.S. and Europeof the “non-western World” in the U.S. and Europe

The Third World?

Some TerminologySome Terminology

Basic Development TermsBasic Development Terms

The ConceptThe Concept

Development administration (the older Development administration (the older term) grew out of the assumption in term) grew out of the assumption in the 1950s and 1960s that, with the the 1950s and 1960s that, with the independence of countries in Asia, the independence of countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean and with a resurgence of nationalism and with a resurgence of nationalism in Latin America.in Latin America.

Development AdministrationDevelopment Administration

It was assumed that the It was assumed that the “state” would take a major “state” would take a major role in managing and role in managing and promoting economic and promoting economic and social developmentsocial development

Development Development Administration vs. Administration vs. Development Development ManagementManagement

““Development Administration,” the Development Administration,” the older label, suggests a state role in the older label, suggests a state role in the process of social and economic change.process of social and economic change.

An Older Term- Out of Date by 1979An Older Term- Out of Date by 1979

Development Development ManagementManagement

By 1980, the term “development management” had By 1980, the term “development management” had come to replace the term “development come to replace the term “development administration.” administration.”

The 1980s brought a decline of faith in development The 1980s brought a decline of faith in development theories while at the same time the end of the cold theories while at the same time the end of the cold war created new developing states in Central and war created new developing states in Central and Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union. Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union.

The term Development Management is associated The term Development Management is associated with Structural Adjustment (debt) and Policy Reformwith Structural Adjustment (debt) and Policy Reform

Another View from the Another View from the SouthSouth

Development Development ManagementManagement

““Development Management,” as a term, is Development Management,” as a term, is used by some and suggests a less state-used by some and suggests a less state-centric view of development that centric view of development that incorporates privatization, public-private incorporates privatization, public-private partnerships and the role of non-partnerships and the role of non-governmental organizations in the governmental organizations in the formulation and implementation of formulation and implementation of development policy.development policy.

““Put on a Happy Face”Put on a Happy Face”

Development Development Management:Management:The ConceptThe Concept Development management refers to two Development management refers to two

administrative arrangements:administrative arrangements: The first is the complex of agencies, The first is the complex of agencies,

management systems, and processes that management systems, and processes that a government establishes to achieve a government establishes to achieve developmental goals. developmental goals.

Second, it refers to government planning Second, it refers to government planning and policies that foster economic growth, and policies that foster economic growth, strengthen human and organizational strengthen human and organizational capabilities, and promote equality in the capabilities, and promote equality in the distribution of opportunities, income and distribution of opportunities, income and power.power.

Why a Loss of Faith?Why a Loss of Faith?The 1980s saw a decline of faith in development The 1980s saw a decline of faith in development

management- Policy Reformmanagement- Policy Reform

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

End of the Cold War created new developing states End of the Cold War created new developing states in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Unionin Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union

Development Problems Continued to Plague the Development Problems Continued to Plague the 3rd World3rd World

Development and Structural Development and Structural Adjustment: A SummaryAdjustment: A Summary

Parts of Asia progressed rapidly towards "newly Parts of Asia progressed rapidly towards "newly industrializing" statusindustrializing" status

Some African and Latin American countries had Some African and Latin American countries had positive economic growthpositive economic growth

Most countries came under Structural Adjustment Most countries came under Structural Adjustment because of massive debtbecause of massive debt

Many LDC political leaders questioned the assumptions Many LDC political leaders questioned the assumptions of structural adjustment and policy reform upon which of structural adjustment and policy reform upon which that growth is based.that growth is based.

A Central Core of States in Africa and Middle East A Central Core of States in Africa and Middle East Plagued by Poverty, War and Religious FundamentalismPlagued by Poverty, War and Religious Fundamentalism

DiscussionDiscussion

What are our Challenges for this Course What are our Challenges for this Course over the next several weeks?over the next several weeks?

How do we balance the negative and the How do we balance the negative and the positive?positive?

Comments and Questions?Comments and Questions?

South Sudan, 2009South Sudan, 2009