Volume 12Number 3

Fall2004

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Phytoremediation: Green Creating Clean

Help! Our Mailing ListNeeds RepairSomehow the mailing list for this newsletter wascorrupted. Some first names were randomly shifted upor down so they no longer coincide with the right lastname. As far as we know the last names are still withthe right address, so we hope you are getting this.

We need your help to fix the list. If your name oraddress is incorrect, please send us your correctinformation either to DNR Urban Forestry NewsletterList, PO Box 7921, Madison WI 53707 orKatherine.Esposito@dnr.state.wi.us. Please includethe identification number at the top of the label. If youare receiving multiple copies or you no longer wish toreceive this newsletter, please send us your name andthe label ID number that you wish to delete.

Thanks very much for your help! I

This article is condensed from the 2001 book, In SituTreatment Technology, by Eric P. Carman and Tom L.Crossman. Eric Carman spoke on this topic at the 2004urban forestry conference in Green Bay.

What is phytoremediation?Phyto: to bring forth using plantsRemediation: to correct a problem

Put together, the words describe an emerging technol-ogy using green plants to clean up contaminatedenvironmental media. As phytoremediation has beenincreasingly recognized, the technology has beenapplied both in situ (right where the contaminationhas taken place) or ex situ (by excavating contami-nated soil, sediment, sludge, groundwater, surfacewater, wastewater and then remedying it).

Although it is now increasingly being applied forenvironmental mediation, phytoremediation is not anew technology. Roman civilization reportedly usedeucalyptus trees to de-water saturated soils more thantwo thousand years ago. The excess water use bysome plants has long been recognized as a nuisancein the agricultural industry, particularly in more aridregions. Water levels next to cottonwood and willowtrees in the southwestern United States are known todrop several feet during growing seasons as thesetrees take up from several gallons to several thou-sands of gallons per day.

Principles of phytoremediation for environmentalcleanup began in the late 1970s or early ‘80s.Application of this technology increased dramaticallyin the late 1980s and early ‘90s because it is low costand versatile, and in some cases has better publicsupport as a method to clean up contaminated media.Phytoremediation was first implemented and reportedas an environmental cleanup technology for agricul-tural contaminants such as pesticides and excess plantnutrients—nitrate, ammonia and phosphate (Briggs,Bromilow and Bromilow, 1982)—although theprinciples of phytoremediation have been applied inthe wastewater industry for many years. This reme-dial technology has been used in hundreds of casesworldwide.

Debut: The Insider, a NewCommunication Tool!

See page 12.

The US Environmental Protection Agency hasidentified six broad applications of phytoremediation.Some of these include translocating the contamina-tion to the roots, trunk or limbs to be more easilydealt with. Other methods bring the media to thosesame areas to be degraded by the plant, while otherapplications contain the media within the immediategroundwater instead of letting it flow off site. Anotheruse is as a self-containing vegetation cap over alandfill.

Types of Vegetation Currently Used inPhytoremediationAs the technology expands, the types of plantsidentified for phytoremediation applications for both

Inside this issue:Community Profile:

Fort McCoy ......... 2Project Profile:

Mequon NaturePreserve ............... 3

Tree Profile: MiyabeMaple ................... 6

Urban Tree HealthMatters: RemoveWilted Trees ......... 7

What Damaged ThisTree? .................... 7

Community Toolbox:Time-Buster Tips .. 8

Coming Events ....... 8Urban Forest Insect

Pests: Oak LeafGalls .................... 9

Urban Wildlife:Brochures .......... 10

Organization Profile:CUIR .................. 11

Research Notes:Urban Leaf Area 12

Idea Exchange ...... 13Council News: Urban

Forestry Gets State-wide Attention ... 14

Volunteer of the YearJoan Stevens ...... 14

UF Resources: StormResponse ............ 15

DNR Contacts ..... 16

Published quarterly by the Wisconsin Departmentof Natural Resources, Forestry Division.

Address inquiries to Dick Rideout, WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources, PO Box 7921,Madison, WI 53707

Editor: Dick RideoutContributors: Cindy Casey, Don Kissinger,Tracy Salisbury, Kim Sebastian, Jessica Schmidt,Kristina Skowronski

Articles, news items, photos and ideas are welcome.

Unless noted, material in this newsletter is notcopyrighted. Reproduction for educational purposesis encouraged. Subscriptions are free.

This newsletter is available in alternative formatupon request.

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equalopportunity in its employment, programs, services and functionsunder an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions,please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of theInterior, Washington DC 20240

This newsletter is made possible in part by a grant from theUnited States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. TheUSDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activitieson the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age,disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital orfamily status. To file a complaint call (202) 720-5964.

Fort McCoy

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Community Profile:

2nd Infantry Division, the 76th Infantry Division andthe 100th Infantry Battalion, which was comprised ofHawaii National Guardsmen of Japanese ancestry.The post also served as a prisoner-of-war and enemy–alien prison camp during this time. Aside fromtemporary lulls, the installation has been in almostconstant use since its founding and has providedartillery and maneuver training opportunities forhundreds of thousands of military personnel from allservices.

Today, Fort McCoy’s primary mission is providingfor the training and ensuring the readiness ofAmerica’s reserve and active-component armedforces. It also serves as a Power Projection Platformby processing and preparing soldiers for duty in theGlobal War on Terrorism.

With all this military activity you would expect FortMcCoy to look like a barren wasteland, but that ishardly the case. There are three state-recognizednatural areas at Fort McCoy, two pristine streamheadwaters and a high-quality oak barrens remnant. Italso contains one of the largest remaining populationsof the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, twoactive bald eagle nests, a pack of grey wolves, a largedeer herd, and a host of state threatened and endan-gered species that thrive in savanna/barrens habitats.The DNR has listed Fort McCoy as one of the top 10

Villageof

Community Profile:Tree City USA: Since

1989Growth Awards: 1993 &

1994Population: 3283

employees (1657civilian, 1002 military,624 contractual);130,950 militaryservice personneltrained in 2003

Property acreage: 60,000total; 3000 mowed/managed acres

Buildings: 1161,including barracks,administrative, dining& maintenancefacilities

Primary industry:military training andsupport

Program Profile:Staff: 1 full-time forester;

1 full-time technician;10 FT and 8 PTgrounds maintenancepersonnel

Advisory Body: Roads &Grounds Dept.

Equipment: brushchipper, stump grinder,tree spade, hydroseeder(for watering), handtools; access to loaders& dump trucks

2003 ProgramStatistics:Planted: 8 trees, 60

shrubsPruned: 3910 trees &

shrubsRemoved: 695 trees; 283

stumpsWatering: 180 hoursContract Costs: ~$49,000

No Wasteland Here:Fort McCoy Teems with Wildlifeby Jim Kerkman CFForester, Fort McCoy

Fort McCoy is a US Army installation located inMonroe County between the cities of Tomah andSparta. The installation is named for Robert BruceMcCoy, the son of a Civil War captain. McCoy was aprominent local resident who, throughout his lifetime,served as a lawyer, district attorney, county judge andmayor of Sparta. He reached the rank of majorgeneral during his 31 years of distinguished militaryservice, which included service in the Spanish–American War, the police action in Mexico and WorldWar I.

By 1905, McCoy had acquired 4000 acres of land inthe Sparta area and offered the land for a training testby the army in that year. In 1909, the army wasimpressed enough to buy 14,200 acres—includingMcCoy’s 4000 acres—for an artillery camp. In 1926,the training area was officially designated CampMcCoy in honor of Maj. Gen. Robert B. McCoy, whodied that same year. The name was changed to FortMcCoy in 1974. Between 1938 and 1942, an addi-tional 47,000 acres were acquired by a directive fromthe secretary of war, bringing the total area toapproximately 60,000 acres, its present size. Duringthis time, a large, triangular-shaped cantonment areawas constructed. This serves as the administrativecenter and functions as a small city.

During World War II, Camp McCoy was used as atraining facility for many army units, including the

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33Project Profile:

Mequon Nature Preserve – Restoring the Past

Secretary Scott Hassett visited theMequon Nature Preserve in May.From L to R: Dan Kaemmerer,Gloria McCutcheon, Frank Trcka,Tom Blotz, Secretary Hassett,Mayor Nuernberg, Chip Krohn,Kim Sebastian, and John Hammen.

Natural pond areaforming after overfive miles of draintile was removed bythe WisconsinWaterfowlAssociation.

Wisconsin Waterfowl Association funded andmanaged the removal of over five miles of drain tilethat was present on 50 acres of the preserve property.Since their removal, areas have begun to flood again,forming natural pond areas. In those areas, nativewetland plants such as cattail, rushes, willow herbsand water plantain now grow.

This fall, direct seeding of a section of previouslyagricultural land is beginning. Mequon is activelysearching for volunteers to collect tree seed orlandowners that have native species on their propertyand are willing to let volunteers on their land tocollect seed.

The preserve has a lot of other opportunities to offerto community members as well as visitors. Throughresearch and restoration activities the city hopes toinvolve students and volunteers in a wide variety ofeducational opportunities. The city is also seekingfunding to install hiking and biking trails to allow forcomplete public access.

by Kristina SkowronskiDNR Southeast Region

In a time when development pressures are great, thecity of Mequon has taken a large step to preserve andrestore their land for the future—a goal that will takeover 150 years to complete. The Mequon NaturePreserve is 356 acres of land that the city purchasedover the past two years with the help of the OzaukeeWashington Land Trust. OWLT handled all of the realestate transactions. This year, OWLT received a DNRStewardship Grant to purchase an additional 52-acretract of land that will bring the preserve area to over400 acres. This additional land joins three woodlotsand enables Mequon to restore a larger area to thehistoric beech-maple forest of the past. With theexception of the three woodlots, the land is primarilyagricultural and has been farmed for many years.

A Plan is CreatedIn 2003, the City of Mequon received a grantthrough the Wisconsin DNR’s Urban ForestryProgram to create a restoration plan for the pre-serve. An ecological restoration planning team wasestablished that pooled the knowledge of manybiologists, ecologists and foresters. Their goal wasto evaluate and guide the long-term ecologicalrecovery of the site. This plan was successfullycompleted and adopted in February of 2004. Theplan includes multiple components, such as forestand wetland restoration, wildlife restoration, apublic access plan, invasive species control and avariety of educational opportunities.

Phase One BeginsWith so much to do, where do they start? Currently,Mequon is partnering with the Greater MilwaukeeFoundation and the Ozaukee Washington Land Trustto fund a nature preserve manager who is overseeingthe plan’s implementation. Also, two students werehired over the summer toremove buckthorn and otherinvasive species.

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44priority grassland management areas for the state.The natural resources staff work with the militarytraining officers to ensure that training activities areconducted in the most environmentally friendlymanner possible.

The urban area of Fort McCoy, called the canton-ment, was designed in a triad layout in 1941. Thisdesign allows up to 35,000 troops to live and traintogether without being crowded by other units, yetclose enough to operate efficiently under one head-quarters. Actual construction began in February 1942,and was completed in August 1942. The quickconstruction and triad design left many “wild” areasamong the buildings, giving Fort McCoy a heavilywooded look. The official design of Fort McCoyincludes two trees within the triad, symbolizing theprominent trees and Fort McCoy’s commitment to theenvironment.

Native trees retained during the cantonment construc-tion became the first landscaping on Fort McCoy.Tree planting started during the 1940s when prisonersof war planted seedlings in scattered areas around thecamp. In the late 1940s, several hundred spruce treeswere purchased and planted throughout the canton-ment area. Up until the 1970s, landscape plantingswere done intermittently, based on availability offunds. In the late 1960s, the land management planspecified activities for tree and shrub maintenanceand protection, and included a section on instructionsfor landscape plantings.

In 1989, Julian Hutchinson, the chief of naturalresources, held an Arbor Day planting ceremony toget started on the Tree City USA Award requirements.That year, Fort McCoy earned its first Tree City USAAward and has earned one each consecutive year. Theyears 1993 and 1994 brought Fort McCoy Tree CityUSA Growth Award for management planning,continuing education for its tree workers and updat-ing an urban tree inventory. The first inventory wasdone in 1990, with updates in 1993 and 1999.

In the past few years, the grounds crew—whose tasksinclude urban tree care—has gone through two majorchanges. In 1998, the natural resources staff, includ-ing the forester, were separated from the groundsdepartment and moved into the Directorate ofTraining, Mobilization and Security, while groundsstayed under the Directorate of Engineering. InJanuary 2003, most of the engineering functions werecontracted out to VT Griffin Services, Inc., includinggrounds maintenance. Although there is not a directlink between the forester and the grounds department,there is still plenty of interaction. Forestry assistswith insect and disease identification, species/siteselection, organizing Arbor Day ceremonies, andcompleting the Tree City USA application.

The 1999 urban tree inventory tallied 9422 trees andshrubs. Trees native to the area—jack pine, blackoak, red pine and white pine—make up 44 percentof the total. These trees are mostly left over fromthe cantonment construction in the 1940s. The1993 inventory listed these trees as 76 percent ofthe total, showing that the older trees are rapidlydeclining. This decline is well illustrated by jackpine, a relatively short-lived tree, going from 36percent to 18 percent of the inventory in six years.Recent tree plantings have focused on more speciesdiversity, showcasing newly constructed buildingsand highlighting important road intersections.Trees tolerating sandy soil, such as hackberry, redoak, river birch and honeylocust, will improvediversity and replace what is lost.

The grounds crew foreman, Moe Kremmer, waspart of the grounds crew before contracting. Hebrings continuity to the program and has kept theaccomplishments on pace with previous years. Thetree care duties of the grounds crew includeplanting and transplanting, pruning, dead anddying tree removal, stump grinding, watering andtree protection. The cantonment area has a largedeer population, and each fall many small trees andshrubs are caged to prevent browse and scrapingdamage. Moe started protecting newly planted treesfrom mower and weed-trimmer damage by placingrubber tree guards around their base.

Arbor Day plantings have been done continuallysince 1989, when the Fort McCoy commanderplanted a white pine outside the headquarters build-ing. Each year there is a new opportunity to raiseawareness of how important trees are to the FortMcCoy community. Some of the most enjoyableplantings have involved the Child DevelopmentCenter—Fort McCoy’s daycare. The children reallyenjoy planting and watering pine seedlings. The 2004Arbor Day ceremony involved planting a green ash inthe Fort McCoy Commemorative Area to highlightthe start of a major planting plan for the area. Thecommemorative area is a cluster of restored WWIIbuildings furnished with WWII artifacts, the FortMcCoy Historical Center and vehicle displays. Agroup of large white pines had to be removed fromthe area because of drought damage and the danger ofdying trees in a park-like setting. The planting planwill occur in stages so it will be complete in 2009, the100th anniversary of Fort McCoy’s founding. Thecommemorative area is the site of the Fort McCoyOpen House, held each year on Armed Forces Day. In2005, the open house is May 21. More informationabout Fort McCoy can be found atwww.mccoy.army.mil. I

Village of Fort McCoycontinued from page 2

55Phytoremediation: Green Creating Cleancontinued from page 1

organic and inorganic compounds have expanded.Early efforts were focused on utilization of hybridpoplar—fast-growing, phreatophytic (water loving)trees which have well-documented physiologic andgenetic characteristics from their use in the pulp andpaper industry and from biomass fuel research. Manymore types of vegetation—grasses as well as trees—are now being applied in phytoremediation. Well over400 different plants are known to have the ability toremove harmful media from affected areas.

Benefits and Limitations toPhytoremediationPhytoremediation is becoming recognized as acost-effective remedial method to address contami-nated sites and landfills. Advantages tophytoremediation include its low capital cost,which is generally about one-third to one-fifth thatof more conventional technologies. In addition, thistechnology tends to have low costs for ongoingoperation and maintenance, although it should notbe construed as maintenance free. The combinationof effectiveness, low cost, and low operation andmaintenance costs makes phytoremediationattractive for non-point source contamination, suchas nitrates and pesticides in agricultural settingsand parking lot runoff in urban areas. Some plantspecies can also reduce the net infiltration ofsurface water, which minimizes the potential forleaching of contaminants into groundwater.

Phytoremediation has been accepted by the public,since it is environmentally compatible and canimprove the long-term aesthetics of a site.Phytoremediation can be used as a single-treatmenttechnology, or it can be coupled with more aggressiveconventional technologies. For example, contami-nated soils from a site can be excavated and treated inengineered phytoremediation treatment units, ratherthan thermally treated or taken off site and disposedof in a landfill. Contaminated groundwater can alsobe pumped from a site using conventional methodsand used as irrigation for trees or grasses to capturethe contaminants.

Despite the benefits of phytoremediation, there aredisadvantages to the technology that make it unsuit-able or undesirable for some applications.Phytoremediation is a long-term remedial technologyat most sites, with treatment times on the order ofseveral years. In addition, the technology can bedirectly implemented only where the contaminantsare present at depths within about 20 feet of the landsurface. If vegetation is used for the purpose ofextracting groundwater, the contaminants must be

located within a few feet of the water table surface.Plants have adapted to grow in some of the mostinhospitable conditions known to exist. However,phytoremediation will not be successful if soilconditions or contaminant characteristics/concentra-tion prove to be phytotoxic. Phytoremediation ofmetals poses special considerations that can make itsuse impracticable at this time. For example, theconsequences of transferring contamination from soilor groundwater into plants that can enter the foodchain must be considered, particularly for heavymetals such as lead and cadmium which havedetrimental effects on human health.

Phytoremediation EngineeringConsiderationsPhytoremediation is an active approach to sitecleanup. Although it is an approach that utilizesnatural processes, a successful phytoremediationsystem must be similar in certain ways to conven-tional methods. Designers must:

• fully understand the geology of the site andcontaminants within the area

• clearly define remedial objectives — Are theyquantitative, to reduce to a specific level ofcontamination such as can be defined by parts permillion? Or are they more qualitative, such asestablishing a vegetative cover to reduce wind-blown dust?

• establish a time frame for remediation — Since thetechnology is new, specific cleanup time frameshave not been fully established, thus flexibilitymust be built in to the system.

• know the fate of contaminants within the plantsystem — A well-designed laboratory pottingstudy or greenhouse experiment with soil from thesite is needed to document this.

• know species of vegetation and planting tech-niques — Appropriate choices will largely definewhether a phytoremediation project is a success orfailure. Site constraints often result in selection ofsub-optimal species.

• expect operation and maintenance — A commonpitfall is the misconception that phytoremediationis maintenance free. This is not true, and has leadto the failure of numerous projects. O & Mrequirements include watering, insecticideapplications and dealing with natural predation bywildlife.

The Future of PhytoremediationBecause of the trend toward more passive remedialtechnologies and the recognition of the importance of

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66Community Tree Profile:

Miyabe Maple (Acer miyabei)Limitations: Hard to find innurseries. Turfgrass does notgrow well in dense shadeunderneath Miyabe maple.

Comments: Miyabe maple isan underused, urban tolerant,medium-sized tree suitable forurban and residential environ-ments. Its soil and pH adapt-ability make this tree suitablefor planting in Wisconsin.Excellent, alternative treespecies to use over hedge maple(Acer campestre) as Miyabemaple is more cold hardy.Miyabe maple is not invasivebased on years of observation atthe Morton Arboretum.

Common Cultivars or Selections:

‘Morton’: State Street® Miyabe maple, 40’ tall by 30’wide; upright, oval to broad-pyramidal form withascending branches, good branch structure, fastergrower than straight species, often grafted higher uptrunk to allow for vehicular and pedestrian clearance;drought, heat, and urban tolerant. State Street® wasreleased in 2001 as part of the Chicagoland Growsprogram. It is available from large nurseries acrossthe US.

References:

Landscape Plants for Eastern North America, 2nded., 1997, by H. L. Flint, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,New York.

Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identifica-tion, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propaga-tion and Uses, 5th ed., 1998, by M. A. Dirr, StipesPublishing, Champaign, IL.

Maples of the World, 1994, by D. M. van Gelderen, P.C. de Jong, and H. J. Oterdoom, Timber Press,Portland, OR.

North American Landscape Trees, 1996, by A. L.Jacobson, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA.

Plants that Merit Attention: Vol. 1 Trees, 1984, TheGarden Club of America, Janet Meakin Poor (ed.),Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Trees for Urban and Suburban Landscapes, 1997, byE. F. Gilman, Delmar Publishers, Albany, NY. I

Miyabe Maple (Acer miyabei)

Miyabe maple leaves.

Photo by Laura Jull

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by Laura G. JullDept. of HorticultureUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Native To: Northern Japan

Mature Height: 30–40’ or more

Spread: 30–40’

Form: Upright-oval to roundedform; branches low to the ground;short trunk

Growth Rate: Slow to moderate

Foliage: Opposite, simple leaves,palmately lobed; lobes are pointedbut have rounded to wavy margins,4–6” across; dark green andpubescent on the undersides of theleaves; petioles contain milky sap

Buds and Stems: Stems are brown;buds are smooth, imbricate with eachbud scale having tiny hairs at the tipsalong the margins

Fall Color: Showy, yellow, in late fall

Flowers: Not showy, insignificant,pyramidal, yellowish-green corymbsin mid-spring

Fruit: Double samara (schizocarp), green turningbrown, late summer to fall; seeds on top of samarasare slightly pubescent and silky; samara wings spreadstraight across and are fringed along the bottom, oftenuneven in size

Bark: Grayish, scaly, somewhat corky looking

Site Requirements: Adaptable to a wide range ofsoils and pH; prefers full sun and moist, well-drainedsoil, though is moderately drought and salt tolerant,urban tolerant, easy to transplant

Hardiness Zone: 4a to 6b

Insect & Disease Problems: None serious, but canget Verticillium wilt as it is a maple; can leaf scorchin severe droughts

Suggested Applications: Miyabe maple is anexcellent, medium-sized tree with a number oflandscape uses. It requires less space than largershade trees, is urban tolerant, suitable to commercialand residential landscapes and makes a nice streettree if limbed up for clearance. Dense branches closeto the ground can provide screening of unsightlyviews. Miyabe maple also can function as a specimenplant in a landscape.

77

What Damaged This Tree?

Urban Tree Health Matters:

No Skeletons Allowed: Remove Summer’sWilted Elms and Oaks before Springby Glen R. Stanosz, Ph.DDepartments of Plant Pathology andForest Ecology and ManagementUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Destruction of elms and oaks by wilt diseases leaveslandscapes scarred with their bare skeletons. The costof removal seems an insult added to the injury causedby the loss of their beauty and value. But the patho-genic fungi that cause Dutch elm disease and oak wiltsurvive over the winter in recently killed trees. And inspring, spores of these fungi are disseminated fromthese newly dead trees to infect and kill others.Therefore, urban tree disease management requiresthe timely elimination of summer’s wilted elms andoaks.

Dutch elm disease is caused by two closely relatedfungi, Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.Although these fungi can move short distances fromtree to tree through interconnected or “grafted” elmroots, they are carried longer distances by insectvectors. Both the native American elm bark beetleand the exotic European elm bark beetle carry sporesof these fungi on their bodies. As these beetles feedon elm twigs and branches, the fungus spores aredeposited in the feeding wounds. The fungi growquickly, spreading in twigs, branches, the trunks androots of elms, causing plugging and malfunction ofthe water conducting tissues to result in foliage wiltand tree death. Large numbers of adult beetles may beattracted to the dying elms. They burrow intobranches and trunks, mate and deposit eggs in“galleries” tunneled between the bark and wood. Thetwo Dutch elm disease pathogens also colonize thesegalleries, producing their own reproductive structuresand spores borne in sticky masses. Contact betweenthe fungi and the next generation of beetles isinevitable. When these beetles emerge the followingspring (i.e., the first spring after tree death), theycarry the fungal spores as they fly off to feed in—andthereby inoculate—other elms.

Oak wilt is caused by the fungus Ceratocystisfagacearum. This fungus also can move shortdistances from tree to tree through grafted oak roots,and is carried longer distances by insect vectors. Avariety of beetles, many in the family Nitidulidae(which includes the familiar “picnic beetles” or sap-feeding beetles), carry spores of this fungus on theirbodies. However, the manner of acquisition ofpathogen spores by oak wilt vectors is very differentfrom the way Dutch elm disease pathogen spores are

picked up by elm bark beetles.Nitidulid beetles do not breed indying oaks. But during the springafter an oak is killed by C.fagacearum, this fungus produces itsreproductive structures on mats underoak bark. The sweet and fruity odor ofthese mats attracts beetles that enterthrough bark cracks and feed on thefungus. Spores stick to the beetlebodies, and when these beetles alsofly to fresh oak wounds to feed onsap, trees are inoculated with thepathogen.

Prompt removal of elms killed byDutch elm disease and oaks killed byoak wilt will contribute to manage-ment of these diseases by reducinglong-distance spread of their respective pathogens.Trees should be cut in the late summer, fall or winterafter death…spring is too late! In addition to cuttingdown these corpses, they should be burned or buried,or finely chipped and properly composted to destroyvectors and pathogens. Any portions of these deadtrees retained for firewood should be thoroughlydebarked. Debarking will create conditions that killthe developing elm bark beetles as well as death ofDutch elm disease and oak wilt pathogens. I

Copyright ©2004 by Glen R. Stanosz, All Rights Reserved

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Spores of the Dutchelm diseasepathogens areproduced in stickymasses on blackstalks in galleries ofelm bark beetles.Beetles acquirethese spores bybumping into thesesticky masses.

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Turn to page 15 to find out...

Coming Events

88

January 19-21, 2005 – Mid-Am Horticultural TradeShow, Lakeside Center at McCormick Place, Chi-cago, IL. Contact the Mid-Am at 847-526-2010,mail@midam.org or www.midam.org.

January 27, 2005 – Green Industry Workshop,Rotary Gardens, Janesville, WI. Contactwww.uwex.edu/ces/cty/rock/hort/2005CommercialEducationPrograms.html.

January 30-February 1, 2005 – DNR AnnualUrban Forestry Conference/ Wisconsin ArboristAssociation Annual Conference and Trade Show,Regency Suites Hotel and KI Conference Center,Green Bay, WI. Contact Dave Graham, 608-756-5561or dwgco@ticon.net.

February 28-March 1, 2005 – Municipal Engineer-ing Fundamentals for Non-Engineers, ConcourseHotel, Madison, WI. Contact http://epdweb.engr.wisc.edu/emaG423 or call 1-800-462-0876 and request brochure #G423.

The Community Toolbox: Time-Buster Tipscompiled by Kim SebastianDNR Southeast Region

From “Best of Nonprofit Nuts & Bolts” in the FreeArticles section of Nuts & Bolts Publishing Inc.’sWeb site, www.nutsbolts.com.

For meetings, include time limits on the agenda,indicating the amount of time available to discusseach agenda item. Bring a timer to meetings to helpkeep discussions on schedule.

When someone arrives late for a meeting, don’t wasteothers’ time by rehashing what’s already beencovered in his or her absence.

Use a “tickler” file to keep track of items that needaction or follow-up. Choose a brightly colored file(perhaps red or yellow), keep it in a visible, easilyaccessible place and use it daily. This reduces thechance of important tasks falling through the cracks.

When someone asks if you have a minute to talk, andyou really don’t, say so. Be polite in your responseand respectful of the person’s needs by scheduling atime to talk later. Then, at that time, give the personyour full attention.

To keep meetings productive, only invite those whoare necessary to accomplish the intended results ofthe meeting. Inviting unneeded people only bogsdown meeting productivity.

Update all your mailing lists annually. This savesmailing preparation time by eliminating duplicates,purging outdated addresses, etc. Bonus: it savesmoney and increases efficiency by improving thedelivery of your mail.

When preparing reports and other written communi-cations, keep them thorough, but brief. This saves youthe time of preparing an unnecessarily long docu-ment. Plus, it saves the recipient time because he orshe doesn’t have to read superfluous information toget to the vital facts.

Give important contacts a key word to use in e-mailsubject headers. This enables you to sort important e-mail quickly.

Create standard formats for documents such asmeeting minutes, committee reports and agendas.This will save time for both those who prepare thedocuments and those who read them.

Take time off, whether it’s a one-week vacation orseveral long weekends over the course of the year. Ifyou don’t, you’ll not only burn out, but you’ll burnout those around you as well. If it helps, think of avacation as your personal renewal time.

Always carry with you some type of work that youcan do in unexpected down time. Some ideas: readingmaterial; cassette recorder for dictating memos orrecording ideas; questionnaires and surveys tocomplete.

Interruptions eat up your time at the office every day.If possible, set up a home office and telecommute afew hours a week. I

If there is ameeting,conference,workshop or otherevent you would likelisted here, pleasecontact DickRideout at 608-267-0843 with theinformation.

99Urban Forest Insect Pests:

Lumps, Bumps and Fuzzy Things:Galls on Oak Tree Leaves

April 18-20, 2005 – Trees & Utilities NationalConference, Embassy Suites Downtown, Omaha,NE. Contact the National Arbor Day Foundation at402-474-5655, www.arborday.org/programs/Conferences.html or conferences@arborday.org.

May 23-25, 2005 – Urban Wildlife ManagementNational Conference, Lied Lodge & ConferenceCenter, Nebraska City, NE. Contact the NationalArbor Day Foundation at 402-474-5655,www.arborday.org/programs/Conferences.html orconferences@arborday.org.

August 6-10, 2005 – International Society ofArboriculture Annual Conference, GaylordOpryland Hotel, Nashville, TN. Contact JessicaMarx, 888-472-8733 or jmarx@isa-arbor.com.

November 17-18, 2005 – National Urban ForestConference, The Westin-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC.Contact www.americanforests.org/conference/. I

by Linda Williams, Forest Health SpecialistDNR Northeast Region

Those strange lumps, bumps and fuzzy things onleaves are called galls. Galls are abnormal growthsthat are caused by the feeding of mites or insects. Thesaliva of the insect causes the plant to create the gall,which then offers the insect a sheltered area where itcan feed. Many tree species get galls on their leavesbut this article will focus on the galls found on oakleaves.

Oak apple galls are the large, golfball-sized galls thatform on a petiole or leaf midrib. These galls will turna light tan color in the fall and will be very light-weight. If you cut one open when the gall is stillgreen, you will find a single gall-wasp larva inside. Ifa gall has a small hole in it, the little adult wasp hasalready emerged.

Round, “spiky” galls on either the top orbottom of the leaf are hedgehog galls.These galls appear fuzzy with softreddish spikes. If you have grape-sizedround galls on your tree in places wherethere should be leaves you probablyhave roly-poly galls. Or, if you havesmall, flat, saucer-like galls that seem tocongregate on the underside of your oakleaves then you have jumping oak gall.All are caused by different species ofgall wasps.

Another insect that causes galls on oak leaves is themidge, which is in the fly family. Midges causewarty-looking galls foundon the underside of the leafalong the main veins. Oncea gall has appeared on theleaf there is little that canbe done. If you find the galloffensive you can prunethat leaf off the tree, but themajority of leaf galls are oflittle consequence to thehealth of your tree so youcan leave the galls aloneand enjoy the variety thatyou find on your leaves. I

Hedgehog galls

Oak apple gall

Jumping galls

Photos by WDNR

1100Urban Wildlife:

Award-Winning DNR Brochures Availableto Help Manage Wildlifeby Ricky Lien, Urban Wildlife SpecialistBureau of Wildlife Management

Survey after survey supports the general statementthat people enjoy seeing wildlife. And that statementholds true even in urban communities. While wildanimals in the wrong place (a deer in the mall parkinglot) or in excessive numbers (three hundred geese atyour city park) can cause problems, most peopleenjoy the opportunity to see animals in their commu-nity. And for wildlife populations to thrive, healthyhabitats are a must. Many property owners, large andsmall, public and private, would be glad to improvethe habitat available on their land if they only knewhow.

Mary Kay Salwey, the education specialist for theDNR Bureau of Wildlife Management, has workedwith a number of wildlife and education specialists toproduce a series of brochures on managing land forwildlife. The Wildlife and Your Land series won the1997 Conservation Education Award in the Articles/Series category from the Wildlife Society. The titlesof the available articles give a taste of what can bedone, from the simple to the highly involved, toattract and promote wildlife:

• Calling All Wildlife – Wildlife ManagementBasics

• Putting Pen to Paper – Developing Your WildlifeManagement Plan

• Getting the Help You Need – People and Dollarsfor Wildlife

• How to Inventory and Monitor Wildlife on YourLand

• Wisconsin Wildlife Primer – Wildlife Habits andHabitat

• So, What Should I Plant? – Trees, Shrubs andVines with Wildlife Values

• To Cut or Not to Cut? – Managing Your Woodlandfor Wildlife

• Critter Condo – Managing Dead Wood for Wildlife• Rabbitat – Brushpiles for Wildlife• On Edge – Managing Edge for Wildlife• Gimme Shelter – Shelterbelts and Food Plots for

Wildlife• Home on the Range – Restoring and Maintaining

Grasslands for Wildlife• Just Add Water! – Restoring Shallow Wetlands for

Wildlife• The Wealth of Waterways – Managing Stream

Corridors for Wildlife

The entire series may be viewed on-line atwww.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife/publ/wildland.htm or copies may be obtained by contact-ing your local DNR office.

And while I’m promoting the use of the above seriesas a means to benefit wildlife, secondary benefits canalso be found by implementing the various landmanagement practices that are described. Forexample, if you take a large mowed area and turn itinto a native grassland, not only have you givengrassland birds some new habitat, you’ve alsoeliminated or cut back on the work needed to mow,the expense and toxicity problems of weed controlchemicals, storm runoff to waterways and a potentialgoose problem because geese like mowed areas, nottall grass. Restoring shallow wetlands has benefits aswell. Not only is great waterfowl habitat provided,benefiting many other aquatic species, but thewetland also filters pollution from runoff water, actsas a sponge to reduce flooding problems and helpsrestore water to underground aquifers.

In addition to various publications on beneficial landmanagement, the DNR’s Bureau of Wildlife Manage-ment has Private Lands Wildlife Biologists who areanxious to help you figure out what is possible to do tobenefit wildlife—and get all the other advantages—onyour property. Contact your local DNR service center toget in touch with one of these folks. I

The Future is BrightMequon Nature Preserve is steadily moving forwardwith the help of many successful partnerships anddedicated volunteers. According to Mayor ChristineNuernberg, “The Mequon Nature Preserve will servefuture generations because of the great partnerships.Without the assistance and commitment of the GreaterMilwaukee Foundation, the Ozaukee Washington LandTrust, the Department of Natural Resources and others,the preserve would be only a dream.” If you’d like moreinformation about the project and how you can contrib-ute, please visit the city of Mequon’s Web site atwww.ci.mequon.wi.us. I

Mequon Nature Preservecontinued from page 3

1111Organization Profile:

Center for Urban Initiatives and Researchby Kristina SkowronskiDNR South Central Region

For over 25 years, the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Center for Urban Initiatives and Researchhas been providing research services and technicalassistance to public and nonprofit organizations tohelp them make informed policy choices.

CUIR promotes strategic partnerships across disci-plines and sectors, integrating a dynamic network ofexpertise to address urban issues. Some of theprojects created through CUIR partnerships includeEPIC (Empowering People for Informed Choices),which provides information on K–12 schools inMilwaukee; ENTECH (Empowering Nonprofits inTechnology), which disseminates research andinformation to support the technological capacity ofnonprofit organizations; and Compass Guide, whichis designed to increase access to secondary education,particularly to low-income and minority youth. Foraccess and further information on these programs, logon to their Web site listed below.

CUIR also offers a variety of services to strengthencommunities, including:

• survey research• program planning and evaluation• strategic planning and strategic visioning• focus group research• data management and data analysis• community assessments• geographic mapping

On their Web site, CUIR lists ongoing and completedprojects for the above categories. There you will findexamples of the extent of their work. CUIR hasconducted a large number of surveys on such topicsas parks and recreation, needs assessments, futuredevelopment/planning, youth issuesand land use. Communities that haveparticipated in these surveys includeGermantown, West Bend, Brookfield,Slinger and Brown Deer. Cedarburg,Glendale and Mequon have alsoworked with CUIR on strategic planning projects.

Another way CUIR connects with their audience isthrough newsletters and published information. CUIRpublishes a periodic newsletter, Research andOpinion, designed to communicate information onurban issues through research articles and opinionpieces. Subscription to the newsletter is free. Ex-amples of topics in back issues include intergovern-mental cooperation, park public policy, and parks andrecreation in Milwaukee County. The Web site alsomaintains a list of other reports that may be beneficialto community managers, such as public policy andrecreation.

For more information on the University of Wiscon-sin–Milwaukee Center for Urban Initiatives andResearch, please visit their Web site atwww.uwm.edu/Dept/CUIR/, or contact StephenPercy, Director, at 414-229-5916. I

natural processes, this process holds promise in theoverall remediation marketplace. There will begrowth in three areas: 1) the types of vegetation usedfor phytoremediation, 2) expanded applications ofphytoremediation and integration of phyto-remediation with natural processes, and 3) engineeredsystems, architectural design and site planning.

Based on its aesthetic appeal and overall low cost,phytoremediation will increasingly be used as analternative to brownfields redevelopment. However, itis critical that the technology be applied appropri-

Phytoremediation: Green Creating Cleancontinued from page 5

ately, using sound engineering principles and prop-erly trained personnel. Please consider adding thismechanism to your community’s toolbox of optionswhen dealing with contaminated sites.

ReferencesBriggs, G.G., Bromilow, R.H. and Bromilow, A.A.1982. Relationships between Lipophilicity and RootUptake and Translocation of Non-ionized Chemicalsby Barley. Pesticide Science (13):495–503. I

2211Research Notes:

The Relationship Between Urban Leaf Areaand Household Energy Usage in Terre Haute,Indiana, USby Ryan R. Jensen, James R. Boulton and Bruce T. HarperDepartments of Geography, Geology, and AnthropologyIndiana State UniversityTerre Haute, Indiana

Putting a dollar amount on urban forestry benefits isan essential step in garnering support for preservingand expanding the urban forest resource. The purposeof this study is to demonstrate that decreased house-hold cooling costs can be effectively estimated usingan approach that combines remote sensing technolo-

gies with standard statistical analysis. This study teststhe relationship between urban forest leaf area index(LAI) and household energy usage. Results indicatethat as LAI increases, energy usage decreases.Studies like this could serve to promote the directeconomic benefits associated with urban forestryprograms. Urban planners and others could use thisstudy to promote urban forests and justify urbanforestry programs. I

Reference: Journal of Arboriculture, Vol.29, No.4. July, 2003.

Debut:The Insider, a New Communication Tool!In September, DNR Urban Forestry premiered the“Wisconsin Urban Forestry Insider,” an electronicnewsletter of breaking news and valuable informa-tion for the urban forest community in Wisconsinand beyond.

Our goal was to create a communication vehiclethat could be more timely than the one you arenow reading. It consists of an e-mail and a link tothe Insider Web page, and is sent to two groups ofpeople: those who subscribe and those on certainDNR address lists.

There are many advantages to a Web-basednewsletter. Being able to link to other documentsand Web sites is one of them. Second, the Web is atwo-way street. Your contributions are welcome inany form: mere ideas, full stories, announcements,digital photographs, links. Third, it allows forquick networking when important issues arise.

We publish the Insider every two weeks, so if youforget to send something for one issue, there’sanother just down the pike.

Visit the Insider at: http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/forestry/UF/resources/InsiderArchive.html

To subscribe, click the “to subscribe” buttonthat you see after opening the Web site. I

Does yourcommunity ororganization havean idea, project orinformation thatmay be beneficial toothers? Please letyour regional urbanforestry coordinatorknow. We will printas many of these aswe can. If you seeideas you like here,give the contactperson a call. Theymay be able to helpyou in your urbanforestry efforts.

The Idea Exchange...

3311compiled by Jessica SchmidtDNR Northeast Region

Weird Trees of Indiana ContestAs part of this year’s Arbor Day celebrations, theJackson County (Indiana) Soil and Water Conserva-tion Department cooperated with their Department ofNatural Resources, Division of Forestry to search forIndiana’s weirdest trees. What is a “weird tree,” youwonder? Well, maybe the tree has almost completelyswallowed a sign or other object, or maybe it has themost misshapen trunk ever seen. But for whateverreason, these trees stand out as different. To enter, onemust take two color photographs of the tree thatcapture its unique qualities and send them to theIndiana Division of Forestry. District foresters willselect the weirdest tree from each county, and thesewill be included in “Invasion of the Weird Trees” onthe division’s Web site. Info: www.in.gov/dnr/forestry/pdfs/invasion2002.pdf.

Green Roofs and BrownfieldsRemediation in ChicagoMayor Richard Daley has built the first municipalrooftop garden on city hall and opened one of onlyfive LEED (Leadership in Energy and EnvironmentalDesign) platinum-certified buildings in the country. Adozen more city buildings are expected to be LEEDcertified, including three libraries, several firestations, a police station and a refueling station forthe city’s newly purchased fleet of natural-gasvehicles. The Department of Environment, estab-lished under Daley in 1992, has overseen theremediation of 1,000 acres of brownfield sites.Chicago has lured green technology businesses, suchas solar-panel manufacturers, by using the city’spurchasing power. An entire sustainable landscapingindustry has sprung up around the city’s beautifica-tion initiatives. Daley has even hired a cadre ofambitious young assistants who answer directly tohim on everything from improving wastewatermanagement to overhauling the city’s recyclingprogram to restoring one of the largest wetland areasin North America, on the southeast side of Chicago.Info: Contact Suzanne Malec,smalec@cityofchicago.org.

Seattle Partners Seek $50 Million toSave Urban ForestSeattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a plan to raiseup to $50 million over the next 20 years from publicand private sources to save the city’s urban forests.The city owns about 3,700 acres of forest, about 60 to70 percent of which is infested with various invasivespecies. Nickels’s goal through the Green SeattlePartnership is to restore the 2,500 acres most at risk,with a deadline of 2024. However, as restoring aninfested forest is expensive—costing $20,000 peracre—the city has formed a partnership with theCascade Land Conservancy. Through the GreenSeattle Partnership, the land conservancy and the citywill seek funding from foundations, corporations andother donors. The city will split with the land conser-vancy the $100,000 of first-year startup costs to getthe partnership—including the fund-raising cam-paign—started. The city’s $50,000 share will comeout of Nickels’s existing budget.

Partnership Maps Wildland–UrbanInterfaceThe wildland–urban interface, where houses meetor intermingle with wildland vegetation, is not onlya high-value environment for users, but also a focalarea for human–environment conflicts, such aswildland fires, habitat fragmentation, invasivespecies and biodiversity decline. The USDA ForestService and the University of Wisconsin–Madisonhave released new scientific maps depicting thecommunities and lands within the WUI across thelower 48 states. This is the first consistent nation-wide representation of the WUI as defined in theFederal Register and makes possible mapping andanalysis at national, state and local levels. In all, 42million homes or 37 percent of the nation’s totalare in the WUI. These lands comprise 273,000square miles or nine percent of the 48 states. Themaps are available at http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/Library/WUILibrary.asp. Additional backgroundinformation is available at http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/projects/WUI_Main.asp. I

1144Council News:

by Dave LiskaCouncil Chair

Hello! Since assuming the chairmanship of the UrbanForestry Council in July, this is my initial foray intoconveying council activities, issues, and concerns.Please keep in mind that council activities are drivenby the expressed needs and concerns of all those whoparticipate in the many and varied facets of urbanforestry and arboriculture.

Three interesting developments have occurredrecently that have or will directly impact the wayurban forests are perceived.

The fall of 2004 is turning out to be quite exciting,hectic, and intriguing with regard to urban forestry.During August, the Wisconsin Green IndustryEconomic Survey was released. The survey indicatedthat Wisconsin’s Green Industry had a stunningeconomic impact of 2.7 billion dollars annually!Definitely an indication that Wisconsin residentsplace a high value on things “green.” Also thissummer, the Wisconsin Center for EnvironmentalEducation at the University of Wisconsin-StevensPoint, through the LEAF program (Learning, Experi-ences, and Activities in Forestry), solicited numerousindividuals for their insights related to urban forestry.Their intent is to provide an urban forestry compo-nent as part of their K-12 Forestry Education Pro-gram and Curriculum. What better way to create an

Urban Forestry Council Member Receives Local Award

Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council member Joan Stevens

Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council member JoanStevens was recently named Volunteer of the Year bythe Greenfield Chamber of Commerce. In presentingthe award, the chamber highlighted her accomplish-ments. They include: founding the GreenfieldBeautification Committee; presenting annual awardsto well-landscaped homes and businesses; helping toenact Greenfield’s tree ordinance; coordinating over1,500 volunteers annually for Keep Greater Milwau-kee Beautiful Green Up/Clean Up Day; guiding theGreenfield Tree Commission as it planted 4,000 streettrees; and directing 13 Arbor Day celebrations thatresulted in the planting of more than 700 trees andshrubs in Greenfield. Joan is well deserving of thishonor. Congratulations! I

awareness for the importance and value of our urbanforests than to present it in the classroom as part ofthe educational process. We will wait with a greatdeal of anticipation for the product that is the result ofthis survey. The DNR is providing funding toaccelerate this process.

Finally, the Governor’s Conference on Forestryhosted by the Wisconsin Council on Forestry washeld on November 9th and 10th in Madison. The intentof this conference was to develop an action plan thatwill enable stakeholders to come together on impor-tant forestry issues to sustain and enhanceWisconsin’s forests. Seven themes were identified forthe Wisconsin Statewide Forest Plan. URBANFORESTRY is one of these themes. The UrbanForestry Council formed an eight-member “themeteam” to present a picture of urban forestry and itsmost important priorities.

This opportunity will allow urban forestry to createlinkages and partnerships with traditional forestryvenues with shared issues and areas of concern. Thepotential for urban forestry to become more under-stood, recognized, and respected is tremendous.

We will continue to apprise you of developmentswithin these critical areas as they occur. I

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5511Urban Forestry Resources:

Storm Responsecompiled by Cindy CaseyDNR West Central Region

Tree managers can find a variety of printed andelectronic resources to help prepare for and respondto storm emergencies in the urban forest. Here aresome to try:

When a Storm Strikes. Tree City USA Bulletin No. 2.Available in hard copy to Tree City USA Awardrecipients or by joining Friends of Tree City USA($10 membership). Contact The National Arbor DayFoundation, 100 Arbor Ave., Nebraska City, NE68410.

Trees and Ice Storms: The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations. This 1994 USDAForest Service publication can be downloaded fromthe University of Illinois, Cooperative ExtensionService Web site, www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/abstracts/aicestorm.html.

Storms Over the Urban Forest: Planning, Respond-ing, and Regreening—A Community Guide to NaturalDisaster Relief. Another 1994 USDA Forest Servicepublication, this one is available in on-line format, atwww.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/urbanforestry/ucf.htm. Clickon “Publications and Information,” then scroll downthe alphabetized list to the publication title.

National Arbor Day Foundation – www.arborday.org.This Web site has a series of ready-made, electronicpress releases intended for quick disseminationbeginning immediately after a major storm event.Click on the “Media” tab, then scroll down to “StormRecovery Information.”

International Society of Arboriculture –www.treesaregood.com/pressrelease/press.asp. Overtwo dozen tree-related press releases can be down-loaded from this site, including three on the subject ofemergency planning and response.

Northeast Center for Urban and Community Forestry– www.umass.edu/urbantree/forest.shtml. Two itemsof particular interest are available on this Web site,both listed under “Other Tools.” Click on “StormDamage Assessment for Urban Areas” for a stormdamage assessment protocol—a standard method forestimating hazard mitigation and cleanup costs forpurposes of disaster aid assistance. The Tree Emer-gency Manual for Public Officials is a downloadable,step-by-step guide that walks the user safely throughthe storm response process. Hot links to FEMA formsand other resources are included.

TreeLink – www.treelink.org/. Click on “Manage-ment,” then go either to “Disaster Management” or“FEMA” for useful bibliographies of disasterresources, such as the American Red Cross Web site,Disaster Education Network, FEMA directory, etc. I

Answer: A new exotic insect called the disk-footed,yellow-capped Geometer gigantreum subsp.plastreum.

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Do you havepictures of treedamage othersought to knowabout? Send themto Kim Sebastian(address on page16) and we’ll printthem here!

West

Cindy CaseyRegional Urban Forestry Coord.1300 West Clairmont Ave.Box 4001Eau Claire, WI 54702Phone: (715) 839-1606Fax: (715) 839-6076e-mail:Cynthia.Casey-Widstrand@dnr.state.wi.us

North Central

Don KissingerRegional Urban Forestry Coord.5301 Rib Mountain DriveWausau, WI 54401Phone: (715) 359-5793Fax: (715) 355-5253e-mail: Don.Kissinger@dnr.state.wi.us

South Central

Jeff RoeRegional Urban Forestry Coord.3911 Fish Hatchery RoadFitchburg, WI 53711Phone: (608) 275-3256Fax: (608) 275-3236e-mail: Jeffrey.Roe@dnr.state.wi.us

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State Coordinator

Dick RideoutState Urban Forestry Coord.101 S Webster StPO Box 7921Madison WI 53707Phone: (608) 267-0843Fax: (608) 266-8576e-mail: Richard.Rideout@dnr.state.wi.us

Northeast

Tracy SalisburyRegional Urban Forestry Coord.1125 N. Military Ave.P.O. Box 10448Green Bay, WI 54307Phone: (920) 492-5950Fax: (920) 492-5913e-mail: Tracy.Salisbury@dnr.state.wi.us

Southeast and East Central

Kim SebastianRegional Urban Forestry Coord.2300 N. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr.Milwaukee, WI 53212Phone: (414) 263-8602Fax: (414) 263-8661e-mail: Kim.Sebastian@dnr.state.wi.us

Wisconsin DNR Urban and Community Forestry Contacts

World Wide Web Site: www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/forestry/uf/

Presorted StandardU.S. Postage

PaidMadison, WIPermit 906

Address Service requested

P.O. Box 7921, Madison WI 53707