TITLE of your presentation

Phytoplankton and FluorescenceMatt OliverAugust 18, 2014If you would like to use this we will be using this as the title slide for many of our talks.1

What CONVERGE research mission question is this answering?Do areas of convergence create greater concentrations of phytoplankton that are fed on by krill?Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.2

How are these methods answering that question?By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence on a glider, we can see if higher phytoplankton concentrations are associated with convergence zones.Please add information here to explicitly communicate how your content area/data source will answer the testable question.3

How do these results connect to the big picture?Higher concentrations of phytoplankton lead to the transfer of energy up the food web.Please add in how your content area/concept that you are presenting on, or just presented on, fits into the bigger picture of the CONVERGE research mission.4

What are Phytoplankton?

2. What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?

3. What does it mean to transfer energy up the food web?Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.5

What are phytoplankton?Phyto + Plankton = Plant + Drifter

Photosynthetic (use light to create biomass)So small that they drift with the currents (0.2 200 microns) Thickness of 1 piece of paper is ~ 25 microns.Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.6

What are phytoplankton?Phytoplankton Taxonomy is CrazyPhytoplankton is a FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION

What are phytoplankton?

DiatomsCoccolithophoresDinoflagellatesPlease add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.8

What are phytoplankton?Phyto + Plankton = Plant + Drifter

Phytoplankton are recognized by what they DO.PhotosynthesizeDriftAbout 50% of the oxygen in your lungs came from a phytoplanktonPlease add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.9

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?

Photosynthesize = Convert Light, Nutrients, Carbon Dioxide into Organic MatterUsing the pigment called ChlorophyllChlorophyll absorbs light (mostly blue and red)

Chloroplasts are little green dots inside this phytoplankton cellPlease add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.10

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?photonsCO2NutrientsO2ChloroplastOrganic MatterChlorophyll Fluorescence is extra light energy being dispersed as red photons by the chlorophyll molecule in the chloroplast.

The more red light is measured, the more chlorophyll is present.Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.11

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?

By attaching a blue flashing light source to the glider, we can measure the red chlorophyll fluorescence and estimate where the phytoplankton concentrations are the highest Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.12

Data

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?We measure Chlorophyll Fluorescence at many depths as a glider moves from one location to another location.

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?By attaching a blue flashing light source to the glider, we can measure the red chlorophyll fluorescence and estimate where the phytoplankton concentrations are the highest

Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.14

What is Chlorophyll Fluorescence?This isnt Chlorophyll Fluorescence.this is Chlorophyll Reflection measured by satellites. Convergent zones appear to be concentrating phytoplankton.

Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.15Animals cannot survive on the averagefood in the ocean (Lasker 1975)

What is the transfer of energy of the food web?16

What is the transfer of energy of the food web?The food chains leading to tuna and humans and to sardines and humans (assuming that the trophic efficiency at each trophic level is 10%).

LAST TIMEPlease add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.17

What is the transfer of energy of the food web?LAST TIMESince many organisms feed at more than one trophic level, feeding relationships inthe oceans form complex food webs.This is a simplified representation of the pelagic food web of the Southern Ocean.

Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.18

What is the transfer of energy of the food web?LAST TIMEWhat are the concentration mechanisms for each trophic level?

Dynamics of the fluidsAnimal Behavior

Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.19