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PHYTOCHEMISTRYIt is the study of phytochemicals.Phytochemicals are chemicals obtained from
plants.Also called as secondary metabolic
compounds.Eg: saponins,alkaloids,volatile oils,flavonoids
etc.
PHYTOCHEMISTRYGeneral techniques used to derive these
phytochemicals are:Thin layer chromatographyColoumn chromatographyGas chromatographyHPLCMass spectrometryNuclear magnetic resonance
MEDICINAL PLANTSPlants having medicinal properties is known
as medicinal plants.These plants synthesises substances that are
useful to the maintenance of health in humans.
These include aromatic compounds such as phenols or tannins.
Many are secondary metabolites.
SIGNIFICANCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTSMany modern medicine are produced
indirectly from medicinal plants.eg, aspirin.Plants are directly used as medicine all over
the world.for eg. Chinese medicine,Indian medicine.
Medicinal plants are resource of new drugs.Cultivation and preservation of medicinal
plants protect biological diversity,for eg, metabolic engineering of plants.
METHODOLOGYDifferent techniques involved in the study of
phytochemicals are:ExtractionIsolationStructural elucidationChromatography techniques.
EXTRACTIONExtraction of a phytochemical include
following steps-Homogenisation
Extraction
Concentration
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATIONIsolation of compounds is done by gradient
solvent fractionation.
Then structural elucidation of these compounds is done by 1D or 2D NMR.
RESEARCH WORKON TULSI(OCIMUM SANCTUM)
Antidiabetic Indian Plants: a Good Source of Potent Amylase Inhibitors.
Bhat M, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY, Kumar AR, Joshi BN.Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of
Pune .The chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were
prepared from the leaves the plant. It was observed that chloroform extracts have significant
alpha amylase inhibitory property.
RESEARCH WORKSeveral research on tulsi have proved it to be a
remedy for several common ailments such as.1. Healing Power2. Fever & Common Cold3. Sore Throat4. Respiratory Disorder5. Kidney Stone6. Heart Disorder7. Stress