Physiology, Formula, Value

7/26/2019 Physiology, Formula, Value

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45 NOTES TO PG

Dr. Ankit Yadavendra, M.B.B.S., Dr.V.M.G.M.C., Solapur

08-PHYSIOLOGY FORMULA VALUE

FORMULA

gain=correction applied/residual error

1osmol=1mol/no. of freely moving particle in soln

plasma osmol(mosmol/l)=2[Na](mEq/l)+ 0.055[glu](mg/dl)+

0.36[BUN](mg/dl)=2[Na](mEq/l)+ glu(mg/dl)/18+ BUN(mg/dl)/2.8

osmol(mosmol/l)=freez pt soln/0.00186

osmol gap=pl osmol(freez pt)calc pl osmol

Ficks law of diffusion

J(net tpt)=D(diff coeff) dC(conc grad ) A(surf area) x(thickn of memb)

D(diffusion coeffic)=K (lipid solubility)/(molec wt)

Gibbs-Donnan equation

at equilib-[Kx][Cly]=[Ky][Clx]

Poiseuille-Hagen formula

R(periph resist)=[8(viscos) L(vess lth )]/r(radius)

Ohm law

flow=(Pa-Pb)/R

Poiseuille equation

F(bld flow rate)=[Pa-Pb(press diff b/n 2end)] /8 1/(bld viscosity)

radius(r)/L(vess lth)

Re(Renold no.)=[(densit) D(diam) v(vel)]/(viscos)

Laplace law

sphere

P(press)=2T(surf tension)/R(radius)

cylinder

P(press)=T/R


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thick wall cylinder

P=TW(wall thickn)/R

Nernst equation

ENa=61.5log[Na(o)/Na(i)]

Goldmann-Hodgkin-Katz equation

RMP(mV)=61.5log[(conc +ve ion out perm +ve ion)+(conc ve ion inperm ve

ion)]/[(conc +ve ion inperm +ve ion)+( conc ve ionperm of ve ion)]

(100HCT)/100=pl vol/bld vol

(100HCT)/100=ren pl flow/ren bldflow

GFR=Kf10

Filtration Fraction=GFR/RPF

clearance(C)=conc in urine(U)rate of urine flow(V)conc in plasma(P)

fractional excretion Na(FeNa)=[U(Na)/P(Na)][U(creat)/P(creat)]100

free H2O clearance(CH2O)=V-(Uosm/Posm)V

total(pulm) ventil=RRTV

alveol vent=RR(TVDS)

alveolar gas equation

pAO2(partial press O2 alveol)=[patm(atm press) pH2O(part press H2O in resp

tract)] fract conc O2 in air [pACO2(part press CO2 in alveol)/R(resp quot)]

IC=TV+IRV

EC=TV+ERV

FRC(relaxat V)=ERV+RV

VC=IRV+TV+ERV

TLC=IRV+TV+ERV+RV

breathing reserve=MVV(max volunt ventil) RMV(resp min vol)

compliance=vol/press

elastance=1/compliance


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sp compliance=compliance/FRC

O2 content(g)=Hb(g/dl)1.34sO2

RQ=vol of CO2 produ/vol of O2 consum

solubility coeff=conc of dissolv gas/partial press

Weber Fechner law

sensation felt=Klog[stimulus intensity]+ constant

Stevens power law

sensation=K[Intensity]^a

Mareys lawHR=K1/BP

Bainbridge reflex

bld vol=KHR

PP=SBPDBP=SV/compliance

MAP=DBP+ PP

ejection fraction=SV/EDV

cardiac reserv(CR)=active CObasal CO

CO=HRSV=(MAPRAP)/TPR

dye dilution technique

CO(l/min)=amount of dye inj(mg) [bld conc of dye(mg/l) cirulat time(s)]

Fick method

CO=O2 consumpt(ml/min)/AV O2 diff

Stewart Hamilton principle

CO=[I(initial vol of dye inj) 60]/[C(mean conc dye) t(time in s at which dye app 1st

in a)

cardiac index

CI=CO/body SA


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Karvonen formula

HRmax=220age(y)

venous return(VR)=(system filling press RAP)/resist to VR

MCH=(Hb/RBC)10

MCV=(PCV/RBC)10

MCHC=(Hb/PCV)100

pl anion gap=([Na]+[K])([Cl]+[HCO3])

ur anion gap=[HCO3][NH4]=ur[Na]+ur [K]ur[Cl]

Imbert Ficks law

P=F/A

freeT4 index(FT4)=totalT4 RT3U(resin T3 uptake)

INR=PT(pt)/PT(control)

V(total bod vol)=[Q(quant drug administr) e(drug elimin)] /C(conc aft distrib)

Vd(vol of distribut)=total dose/pl conc

t=0.693Vd/clearance

time(steady state pl conc)=5.5t

bioavailability=(area of dosage form/area of IV)100

therapeutic index=med lethal dose(Ld50)/med effectiv dose(Ed50)

child drug dose

Young rule(child2y) child dose=[age(y) adult dose]/[age(y)+12]

Fried rule(child


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VALUE

1ACh vesicle=10000ACh molecule

no. of ACh vesicle released at NMJ=40

anion gap

pl=10-12mEq/l

ur=0mEq/lbaromet press 100m deep sea=11atm

bilirubin production=250-350mg/d

bld=8%bod wt

bld cell=3%bod wt

pl=5%bod wt

bld

venule&v=55%

a=10-15%

capillar=5-8%

bld supply brain=52ml/min/100g=750ml/min

kidn=1100-1200ml/min

liver=1500ml/min

periph chemrecept=2000ml/min/100g

bld velocity

aorta=33cm/s

capillaries=0.33mm/s

bld vol=90ml/kg(preterm neonate)

time b/n 2blink=3-5s

BP change by=0.77mmHg/cm above/bel heart

CA125


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consumpt O2 in body=250ml/min

CSF

absorpt=4time/d

cell5g/dl

methHb>1.5g/dl

sulphHb>0.5g/dl

ED vol=130ml

energy supply to heart=66%FFA+30%glu

ESR 50y=20mm/h(M),30mm/h(F)

>85y=30mm/h(M),42mm/h(F)

filtr fractn=16-20%

free H2O clearance=1.2ml/min

freez pt pl=0.54C

%of human gene for CNS=40

GFR

adult=125ml/min=180l/d

neonate=45ml/min/1.73m

GI secretionsaliva product=1000-1500ml/d

gastric secret=1500-2500ml/d

pancr secret=1500ml/d

bile secret=500-1500ml/d

bile recirculation=6000ml/d

intest secret=3000ml/d

no. of glial cell=1000-5000bill

glu req(g/d)

brain=120

body=160growth rate

scalp hair=0.37mm/d

beard hair=0.4mm/d

fingernail=0.1mm/d,1cm/3mth

toenail=1cm/9mth

1g Hb=35mg bilirubin


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HCT va=3%

HRmax(40y)=180/min

intravesic press during voiding=35-50 cmH2O

IOP=10-20mmHg

JVP=0-5cmH2O

1kPa=7.5mmHglife span

enterocyte=5-7d

RBC

premature neonat=30-50d

neonat=60-90(90)d

older child=100-120d

adult=120d

lung vol

dead space

adult=2ml/kg=140ml child=3.3ml/kg=10-12ml

IRV=3000ml

TV=500ml

ERV=1000ml

RV=1200ml

PEFR=12l/s

PIFR=3l/s

MVV(max volunt ventil)=125-170l/min

FEV1=80-90%

FEV2=90-93%

FEV3=97%LVEF=55-80%

LV shortening fract=40%

max activat carot sinus=200mmHg

MCH=27-32pg

MCHC=32-38%

MCV=78-94(fl)

mean circulat filling press=7mmHg

mean system filling press(press in syst vess when heart stop beat)=7-17mmHg

min solute excret/d=600mosmol

min urine output/d=500ml1mole albumin=69000g

1mole O2=32g

Montevideo unit[ uterin press(mmHg) no. of contract every

10min]=200-220mmHg/10min

nasal cycle duration=2.5-4h

nasal potent diff>40mV


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Nernst potential

Na=+60mV

K=90mV

Ca=+70mV

Cl=70mV

no. of neuron CNS=100billN2 in prot=16%

nodal delay on AV node=0.1s

1l NS will ECF vol by=6%

osmolarity 4.2%NaHCO3=1000osmol/l

O2 consumpt heart=110-150l/min/m

O2 in expir air=16%

O2 on Hb=4

O2 on Mb=1

PAH extr ratio=0.9

partial press pAO2=105mmHg

paO2=95mmHg

pvO2=40mmHg

paCO2=40mmHg

pvCO2=45mmHg

PCWP=8-12mmHg

periph v press=10mmHg

p50O2=23-25mmHg=3.6kPa

pl conc beyond which glu seen in ur= 180-200mg/dl

pl osmol=280-290mosmol/l

pl prot=7-8g/dl pl alb=3.5-5g/dl, high mol wt, high conc, low mol conc

portv press=5-10mmHg(10-15cmH2O)

PPR=1-1.5Wood unit

TPR=20mmHg/l/min(Wood unit)

press by 1mosmol solute=19.3mmHg= 22.4atmpress

press Sengstaken Blakemore=40mmHg

production CO2=200ml/min

RDW=40-46fl=11.5-14.5%

reduction potential

K=2.93 Fe++=0.44

H+=0.00

Cu+=0.34

I=0.54

ren pl flow=625ml/min

Renold no.


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>3000 turbulent flow


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sr electrolyte

Ca=8.5-10.5mEq/l

Fe=50-150g/dl

K=3.5-5.5mEq/l

Mg=1.5-2.5mEq/l

P=0.75-1.45mmol/lsr ferritin=50-150g/l

sr FSH(IU/l)

mal

prepubertal


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fem=25-30

ur HIAA=2-8mg/d

ventilation/perfusion ratio

lung apex=3.0

lung base=0.6

vess/chambSBP(mmHg)DBPMAPsystem a-120-80-93

LV-120-0-

pulm a-25-9-15

RV-25-0-

atria-(0-3)-RA(4-6),LA(6-8)-

viscosity-H2O:pl:bld=1:3:5

work of breathing=65%complianc work(to distend lung parenchyma)+ 28%airway

resist work+ 7%ts resist work

pH

gastric secret=2-3limiting pH urine=4.5

lysosome


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factor IX=20h

hCG=24h

T3=1d

protS=30h

hPL=34-36h

digoxin=36hfactor II=60h

PSA=2.5d

T4=7d

albumin=21d

IgG=23d

Abbreviationsa-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmunebef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch,Bx-biopsy

ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral,conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervixd-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosisE-estrogenfem-female, fr-fromgld-gland, glu-glucoseh-hormoneidiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injurylig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading tom-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,mtx-methotrexate, Mx-managementn-nerve, norm-normal

P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patientRx-treatmentSCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizuretm-tumour, ts-tissueUL-upper limb, u/l-unilateralvag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volumew-week, wt-weightXr-X rayy-year#-fracture-degree

-(N.B.-THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP

TO PG ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE

HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS. FOR ANY

FEEDBACK/QUERY PLEASE CONTACT- [email protected]

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Physiology, Formula, Value