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Physics Lesson 8 Static Equilibrium. Eleanor Roosevelt High School Chin -Sung Lin. Net Force. Net Force. Net Force – Sum of all Forces. The combination of all forces acting on an object is called the net force. Net Force. Calculate Net Force – Vector Addition. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Physics Lesson 8
Static Equilibrium
Eleanor Roosevelt High School
Chin-Sung Lin
Net Force
Net Force
Net Force – Sum of all Forces
The combination of all forces acting on an object is called the net force
Net Force
Calculate Net Force – Vector Addition
Vector addition can be used to calculate the net force
Net Force
Calculate Net Force – Vector Resolution/Addition
Since vector addition by graphical method is not precise, it is preferred to resolve all the force vectors into horizontal and vertical components, and then add them respectively
x
y
F
Fx
Fy
Fx = F cos θFy = F sin θ
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
BA
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
BA
A + B
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A A + B
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A A – B
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
B A A – B
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
A A
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
A A 0
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
A A
Net Force
Calculate Net Force
A A 0
Gravitational Force (Fg)
The gravitational force (Fg) is the attraction force exerted by Earth on the block
Fg
Normal Force (FN)
The normal force (FN) is the reaction force exerted by ground on the block
Fg
FN
Normal Force (FN)
Normal force is always perpendicular to the surface
Fg
FN
FN = Fg
Friction Force (Ff)
The friction force (Ff) is the reaction force exerted by ground on the block
Friction force is always against the motion
FFf
Friction Force (Ff)
When the net force is equal to zero, friction force (Ff) is equal to the the force (F) exerted on the block
FFfFf = FF
Tension Force (FT)
The tension force (FT) is the force exerted by the rope on the block
Fg
FT
Tension Force (FT)
When the net force is equal to zero, tension force (FT) is equal to the the gravitational force (Fg) exerted on the block
Fg
FT
FT = Fg
Equilibrium
Statics
Statics is the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of force on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems are at rest, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity
Equilibrium
When an object is at rest, or at constant velocity, with the net force on it being zero, the object is in a state of equilibrium
Free-Body Diagram
A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object is called a free-body diagram
Drawing a free-body diagram should always the first step in solving physics problems involving forces
Free-Body Diagram
We isolate, or free the object of concern from everything else, and represent that object by a dot. We then draw all the forces vectors acting on the object with its tail starting on the dot. We label each vector to indicate what type of force it represents –
• W (or Fg) for a gravitational force
• N (or FN) for a normal force
• f (or Ff) for a friction force, and
• T (or FT) for a tension force Fg
FT
Vector Addition & Vector Resolution
Vector Addition
An object of 10 N hangs from two spring scales
When the spring scales hang at 60o from the vertical, their readings are 10 N each
When the angle has increased to 75.5o, the readings are 20 N each
Vector Addition
As the angle between the scales increases, the tension in the scales must increase for the resultant to remain 10 N
Vector Addition
For any pair of scales, ropes, or wires supporting a load, the greater their angles from the vertical, the larger the tension force in them. The resultant of the tension forces, or the diagonal of the parallelogram they describe, must be equal and opposite to the load being supported
Vector Resolution
2 FT cos = 2 x 10 N x cos 60o = 2 x 10 N x 1/2 = 10 N
2 FT cos = 2 x 20 N x cos 75.5o = 2 x 20 N x 1/4 = 10 N
Q & A
The End