Physics Form 5 Chapter 5

7/23/2019 Physics Form 5 Chapter 5

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/physics-form-5-chapter-5 1/22

@cerkerpEc% Rgrik Xlmk

8<% <8%< E{ìk{p ca le Lrcf Xm <

8:% <8%: Leliwpgem Zlbgcl`rgqk Bk`lw Xm : ‐ <8

80% <8%0 [pkb ca Zlbgcgpcrcxkp Xm <<& <:

82% <8%2 [ebkzprlebgem E{ìklz Kekzmw Xm <0‐ <=8;% <8%; Xzcxkz Flelmkfker ca

Zlbgcl`rgqk P{jprle`kp

Xm <4 ‐ :8



:% Xzcrce E{fjkz leb E{ìkce E{fjkz?

Xzcrce E{fjkz ‐ rdk e{fjkz ca xzcrcep ge rdk e{ìk{p ca le lrcf%

Zkxzkpkerkb jw ikrrkz _%

Xzcrce E{fjkz lipc zkxzkpkerp rdk e{fjkz ca kik`rzcep ge rdk czjgr%

Xzcrce . Ek{rzce 6 E{ìkcep

E{ìkce E{fjkz ‐ rcrli e{fjkz ca xzcrcep leb ek{rzcep ge rdk

e{ìk{p ca le lrcf% Zkxzkpkerkb jw ikrrkz L%

0% E{ìgbk Ecrlrgce?

Rdk e{ìgbk ca le lrcf gp zkakzzkb rc rdk e{ìkce e{fjkz ca rdk lrcf) k%m%

igrdg{f&1 leb `lzjce&<:%

Kl`d lrcf dlp l pwfjci) k%m% D gp rdk pwfjci ca dwbzcmke%

Le lrcf `le jk zkxzkpkerkb jw l e{ìgbk ecrlrgce% k%m% rdk pwfjci ca le

kikfker T?

2% Gpcrcxkp?

Gpcrcxkp? lrcfp }grd rdk plfk e{fjkz ca xzcrcep j{r bgaakzker e{fjkz ca

ek{rzcep%

Plfk Xzcrce E{fjkz _ j{r l bgaakzker E{ ikce E{fjkz L%

<8%< E{ìk{p ca le Lrcf?

<% @cfxcpgrgce ca rdk E{ìk{p%

Kik`rzce

Xzcrce

Czjgr

L dkig{f lrcf

Ek{rzce

Lrcf

Kik`rzce & ekmlrgqkiw`dlzmkb

E{ìk{p

Xzcrce & xcpgrgqkiw`ldzmkb

Ek{rzce & e{krzli

P{j&lrcfg`



<8%: Leliwpgem Zlbgcl`rgqk Bk`lw?

Zlbgcl`rgqgrw?

<% Rdk pxcerlekc{p bgpgerkmzlrgce ca rdk e{ìk{p ca le {eprljik lrcf

l``cfxlegkb jw zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep gp nec}e lp zlbgcl`rgqgrw%

:% Rwxkp ca zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep rdlr `le jk kfgrrkb jw rdk e{ìk{p ca

{eprljik lrcfp lzk?

$l' lixdl xlzrgìkp

$j' jkrl xlzrgìkp

$`' mlffl zlwp

0% Rdk e{ìk{p ca {eprljik lrcfp `le kfgr cek cz fczk rwxkp ca zlbgcl`rgqk

kfgppgcep%2% Zlbgcl`rgqk kikfkerp }gii `cerge{k rc kfgr zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep {ergi

grp lrcfp jk`cfk prljik%

Bkrk`rczp acz Zlbgcl`rgqk Kfgppgcep?

Xdcrcmzlxdg` Bkrk`rczp?

<% Rdk kaak`r ca zlbglrgce ce xdcrcmzlxdg`

agifp gp {pkb rcblw jw zlbglrgce

}cznkzp rc fcegrcz rdkgz ikqki ca

ktxcp{zk rc zlbglrgce ge rdk `c{zpk ca

rdkgz }czn%

:% Zlbglrgce }cznkzp lzk zk|{gzkb rc }klz l pklikb jlbmk `cerlgegem l

xdcrcmzlxdg` agif%

0% Rdk agif gp zkxil`kb leb bkqkicxkb lr zkm{ilz gerkzqlip ca rgfk leb rdk

lfc{er ca jil`nkegem ca rdk agif gebg`lrkb rdk ikqki ca ktxcp{zk%

2% Ga rdk ikqki gp rcc dgmd) rdk }czngem lzkl f{pr jk `dk`nkb acz iklnlmk ca

zlbglrgce leb rdk }cznkzp f{pr mc acz l fkbg`li `dk`n&{x%

;% Rdk bgplbqlerlmk ca rdgp rwxk ca fcegrczgem gp ge rdk `lpk ca le l``gbkerli

ilzmk ktxcp{zk }dkzk rdk gebgqgb{li }c{ib ecr nec} rdk ktrker ca rdk

ktxcp{zk {ergi rdk agif gp zkxil`kb leb bkqkicxkb%



Mkgmkz&F{iikz R{jk $M&F R{jk'?

<% Rdk M&F r{jk dlp r}c kik`rzcbkp

l`zcpp }dg`d l qcirlmk ca ljc{r

288 Q gp lxxigkb%

:% L `kerzli }gzk l`rp lp rdk lecbk

}dgik rdk `wigebzg`li fkrli }lii

ca rdk r{jk aczfp rdk `lrdcbk%

0% Rdk r{jk gp agiikb }grd lzmce mlp

lr ic} xzkpp{zk% Gr dlp l rdge fg`l }gebc} lr cek keb rdzc{md }dg`d

zlbglrgce `le kerkz% ]dke zlbglrgce kerkzp rdk r{jk) gr xzcb{`kp lzmce

gcep leb kik`rzcep% Rdkpk lzk l``kikzlrkb rc}lzbp rdk zkpxk`rgqk

kik`rzcbkp) `l{pgem fczk gcegplrgce jw `ciigbgem }grd crdkz lzmce lrcfp%

2% Ce zkl`dgem rdk kik`rzcbkp) rdk gcep xzcb{`k l `{zzker x{ipk rdlr gplfxigagkb leb akb kgrdkz rc l p`likz cz rc l zlrk fkrkz%

;% L p`likz `c{erp rdk x{ipkp leb pdc}p rdk rcrli e{fjkz ca x{ipkp cz

—`c{erp‗ zk`kgqkb ge l kzrlge rgfk%

Bgaa{pgce @ic{b @dlfjkz?

<% L ìc{b `dlfjkz keljikp rdk

rzl`np ca e{ìklz zlbglrgce rc

jk pkke%:% L akir zgem gepgbk rdk rcx ca rdk

`dlfjkz gp pclnkb }grd li`cdci%

0% Rdk qlxc{z azcf rdk li`cdci gp

`ccikb jw rdk bzw g`k lp gr

bgaa{pkp bc}e}lzbp jkic} rdk fkrli jlpk ca rdk lfjkz%

2% Rdk `cebkepkb li`cdci bzcxikrp zkaik`r igmdr leb `le jk pkke lp l }dgrk

rzl`n ljcqk rdk jil`n fkrli jlpk ca rdk `dlfjkz%

;% Rdk bgaakzker zlbglrgcep lzk gbkergagkb lp aciic}p?

l' lixdl xlzrgìkp xzcb{`k

przlgmdr) rdg`n rzl`np }dg`d

lzk ca ljc{r rdk plfk

ikemrd

j' jkrl xlzrgìkp xzcb{`k

rdgeekz leb r}gprkb rzl`np

`' mlffl zlwp xzcb{`k rdge)

pdczr leb gzzkm{ilz rzl`np



Pxlzn @c{erkz?

<% L pxlzn `c{erkz `le jk

{pkb rc bkrk`r lixdl

xlzrgìkp% Gr `cepgprp ca

}gzk ml{k }grd l agek }gzk

fc{erkb : ff jkic} gr%

:% L dgmd qcirlmk gp lxxigkb

jkr}kke rdk ml{k leb rdk

}gzk {ergi pxlznp c``{z% Rdk qcirlmk gp rdke zkb{`kb {ergi rdk pxlznp o{pr

prcx ${p{liiw ljc{r 2%; nQ'%

0% ]dke l zlbg{f pc{z`k gp dkib }grd l acz`kxp < cz : `f ljcqk rdk ml{k)

pxlznp lzk pkke leb dklzb lr gzzkm{ilz gerkzqlip% Rdgp gp b{k rc rdk

zlbglrgce gcegpk rdk lgz jkr}kke rdk ml{k leb rdk }gzk%2% Ga l pdkkr ca xlxkz gp gepkzrkb jkr}kke rdk pc{z`k leb rdk ml{k) rdk

pxlznp prcx% Rdgp pdc}p rdlr lixdl xlzrgìkp `leecr xkekrzlrk xlxkz%

Mcib Ikla Kik`rzcp`cxk?

<% L `dlzmkb mcib ikla kik`rzcp`cxk

`le jk {pkb rc bkrk`r lixdl

xlzrgìkp%

:%

Rdk mcib ikla ca rdk kik`rzcp`cxkaliip }dke l zlbg{f pc{z`k gp

jzc{mdr eklz rdk `lx%

0% Rdk gcegplrgce kaak`r ca rdk lixdl

xlzrgìkp `l{pkp rdk lgz rc jk

gcegpkb gerc xcpgrgqk leb ekmlrgqk

gcep%

2% Xcpgrgqk gcep ge rdk lgz lzk lrrzl`rkb rc rdk `lx ga gr gp ekmlrgqkiw `dlzmkb)

`l{pgem rdk mcib ikla rc algi% $Ekmlrgqk gcep ge rdk lgz lzk lrrzl`rkb rc rdk

`lx ga gr gp xcpgrgqkiw `dlzmkb'%

;% Rdk mcib ikla kik`rzcp`cxk gp ecr p{grljik acz bkrk`rgem jkrl xlzrgìkp leb

mlffl zlwp lp rdkpk zlbglrgcep `l{pk }kln gcegplrgce ca rdk lgz%



@dlzl`rkzgprg`p ca Zlbgcl`rgqk Kfgppgcep?

Elr{zk?

<% Rdk lixdl $μ' xlzrgìk gp l dkig{f e{ìk{p $2: Dk'% L μ&xlzrgìk gp

xcpgrgqkiw `dlzmkb%:% Rdk jkrl $κ' xlzrgìk gp l qkzw dgmd&kekzmw kik`rzce $&<

8k'% L κ&xlzrgìk

gp ekmlrgqkiw `dlzmkb%

0% Rdk mlffl $ΰ' zlw gp le kik`rzcflmekrg` }lqk ca qkzw dgmd kekzmw

leb azk|{ke`w% Rdk ΰ&zlw gp ek{rzli%

Gcegpgem Kaak`r?

<% Zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep `le gcegk mlpkp gerc xcpgrgqk leb ekmlrgqk gcep

lp rdkw xlpp rdzc{md rdkf%

:% Rdk bgaa{pgce ìc{b `dlfjkz liic}p {p rc `cfxlzk rdk gceggem xc}kz ca

rdk kfgppgce fcpr klpgiw jk`l{pk rdk rdg`nekpp ca rdk rzl`np gebg`lrkp

rdk gceggem xc}kz ca rdk kfgppgce%

0% Lixdl xlzrgìkp dlqk rdk przcemkpr gceggem xc}kz) lp `le jk pkke jw rdk

przlgmdr rdg`n rzl`np rdkw iklqk ge rdk ìc{b `dlfjkz%

2% Rdk gceggem xc}kz ca jkrl xlzrgìkp gp f{`d ikpp rdle rdlr ca rdk lixdl

xlzrgìkp%

;% Mlffl zlwp dlqk qkzw ic} gceggem xc}kz rdlr gp qkzw f{`d ikpp rdlekqke jkrl xlzrgìkp%

Xkekrzlrgem Xc}kz?

<% ΰ &zlwp dlqk rdk mzklrkpr xkekrzlrgem xc}kz }dgik μ&xlzrgìkp dlqk rdk

iklpr xkekrzlrgem xc}kz%



Bkaik`rgce ge Le Kik`rzg` Agkib?

<% $l' μ&xlzrgìkp lzk bkaik`rkb rc}lzbp rdk ekmlrgqk xilrk)

$j' κ&xlzrgìkp lzk bkaik`rkb rc}lzbp rdk xcpgrgqk xilrk)

$`' ΰ ‐zlwp lzk ecr bkaik`rkb lr lii%:% Rdgp gebg`lrkp rdlr

$l' μ&xlzrgìkp lzk xcpgrgqkiw `dlzmkb)

$j' κ&xlzrgìkp lzk ekmlrgqkiw `dlzmkb)

$`' ΰ ‐zlwp lzk ek{rzli leb dlqk ec flpp%

0% Jkpgbkp) rdgp lipc

$l' μ&xlzrgìkp lzk ceiw pigmdriw bkaik`rkb ge rdk kik`rzg` agkib jk`l{pk rdkw

dlqk ilzmk flpp%

$j' Κ&xlzrgìkp lzk klpgiw bkaik`rkb ge rdk kik`rzg` agkib jk`l{pk rdkw dlqk

pflii flpp%

Bkaik`rgce ge l Flmekrg` Agkib?



Zlbgcl`rgqk Bk`lw?

<% Rdk xzc`kpp ge }dg`d {eprljik e{ìkg kfgr μ&xlzrgìkp) κ&xlzrgìkp leb

ΰ ‐zlwp ge czbkz rc aczf prljik e{ìkg gp nec}e lp zlbgcl`rgqk bk`lw%

:% Zlbgcl`rgqk bk`lw gp pxcerlekc{p leb `leecr jk `cerzciikb% Gr gp

zlebcf leb `leecr j prcxxkb cz pic}kb bc}e%

0% Rdk kfgppgce ca xlzrgìkp zkp{irp ge `dlemkp ge rdk e{fjkz ca xzcrcep

leb ek{rzcep ge rdk e{ìgbk% Rdgp `dlemk `l{pkp rdk czgmgeli e{ìgbk rc

jk`cfk rdk e{ìgbk ca lecrdkz kikfker%

2% Rdk e{ìgbk rdlr bk`lwp gp `liikb rdk xlzker e{ìgbk leb rdk ek} e{ìk{p

aczfkb jk`l{pk ca rdk bk`lw gp `liikb rdk bl{mdrkz e{ìgbk%

Lixdl Bk`lw?

<% L μ&xlzrgìk gp l dkig{f e{ìk{p dlqgem : xzcrcep leb : ek{rzcep %

:% ]dke le lrcf bk`lwp jw μ&kfgppgce) grp e{ìkce e{fjkz bk`zklpkp jw 2

leb grp xzcrce e{fjkz bk`zklpkp jw :%

0% Rdk `dlemk ge rdk e{ìkce leb xzcrce e{fjkzp ca rdk e{ìk{p `le jk

zkxzkpkerkb jw rdk aciic}gem k|{lrgce?

Xlzker e{ìgbk bl{mdrkz e{ìgbk μ xlzrgìk



Jkrl Bk`lw?

<% ]dke le lrcf bk`lwp jw κ kfgppgce) grp e{ìkce e{fjkz zkflgep rdk

plfk j{r grp xzcrce e{fjkz ge`zklpkp jw <%

:% Rdk `dlemk ge rdk e{ìkce leb xzcrce e{fjkzp ca rdk e{ìk{p `le jk

zkxzkpkerkb jw rdk aciic}gem k|{lrgce?

Xlzker e{ìgbk bl{mdrkz e{ìgbk κ xlzrgìk

0% B{zgem jkrl bk`lw) l ek{rzce `dlemkp rc l xzcrce leb le kik`rzce%

2% Rdk xzcrce zkflgep ge rdk e{ìk{p leb rd{p `l{pkp rdk xzcrce e{fjkz ca

rdk bl{mdrkz e{ìgbk rc ge`zklpk jw <%

;% Rdk e{ìkce e{fjkz zkflgep rdk plfk) lp rdk rcrli e{fjkz ca xzcrcep

leb ek{rzcep bckp ecr `dlemk%1% Rdk kik`rzce gp ktxkiikb azcf rdk e{ìk{p leb gp kfgrrkb lp l dgmd&kekzmw

κ&xlzrgìk%



Mlffl Kfgppgce?

<% ]dke le {eprljik lrcf bk`lwp rdzc{md rdk kfgppgce ca μ cz κ xlzrgìkp)

rdk lrcf gp pcfkrgfkp ikar }grd kt`kpp kekzmw% Rdgp kt`kpp kekzmw gp

kfgrrkb lp azk|{ke`w kik`rzcflmekrg` }lqkp nec}e lp ΰ zlwp%

:% Rdk kfgppgce ca ΰ zlwp dlp ec kaak`r ce kgrdkz rdk e{ìkce cz rdk

xzcrce e{fjkz ca rdk lrcf%

Zlbgcl`rgqk Pkzgkp?

<% Rdk a{ii bk`lw xzc`kpp ca l {zleg{f&:04 e{ìgbk) {ergi rdk aczflrgce

ca l prljik iklb&:81 e{ìgbk)

gp nec}e lp l zlbgcl`rgqk pkzgkp%



Dlia&igak?

<% Rdk dlia&igak ca l zlbgcl`rgqk e{ìgbk gp rdk rgfk rlnk acz dlia ca rdk

e{ìkg xzkpker ge lew mgqke plfxik rc bk`lw cz `dlemk gerc l ek}

e{ìgbk%

:% Rdk dlia&igak ca l zlbgcl`rgqk e{ìgbk `le lipc jk bkagekb lp rdk rgfk rlnke

acz rdk l`rgqgrw ca lew mgqke plfxik rc zkb{`k rc dlia ca grp czgmgeli

qli{k%

0% Rdk zlrk ca bk`lw gp {elaak`rkb jw rkfxkzlr{zk j{r l zlbgcl`rgqk e{ìgbk

dlp grp c}e bkagegrk dlia&igak% Dlia&igqkp qlzw mzklriw azcf l ak} rdc{pleb

wklzp rc l azl`rgce ca l pk`ceb%

2% Rdk l`rgqgrw cz bk`lw zlrk ca l zlbgcl`rgqk e{ìgbk `le jk bkrkzfgekb

{pgem l M&F r{jk leb l `c{erkz%

;% Rdk zkp{irp ca le ktxkzgfker rc bkrkzfgek rdk dlia&igak ca rdk zlbgcl`rgqk

e{ìgbk lzk pdc}e ge l mzlxd%

1% Rdk dlia&igak ca l xlzrg`{ilz zlbgcl`rgqk plfxik gp li}lwp `ceprler

leb bckp ecr bkxkeb ce rdk lfc{er ca rdk plfxik ikar larkz rdk bk`lw%



<8%0 [pkp ca Zlbgcgpcrcxkp?

Zlbgcgpcrcxkp? Gpcrcxkp rdlr lzk ecr prljik leb {ebkzmc zlbgcl`rgqk

bk`lw%

<% Zlbgcgpcrcxkp ktgpr elr{zliiw%:% Lzrgag`gli zlbgcgpcrcxkp lzk fle{al`r{zkb flgeiw jw gzzlbglrgem

p{jprle`kp }grd ek{rzcep ge l e{ìklz zkl`rcz%

0% Rdkw `le lipc jk fle{al`r{zkb jw jcfjlzbgem l prljik e{ìk{p }grd

dgmd&kekzmw xlzrgìkp p{`d lp xzcrcep cz ek{rzcep%

2% Zlbgcgpcrcxkp dlqk flew xzl`rg`li {pkp%

[pkp ca Zlbgcgpcrcxkp?

Zlbgcrdkzlxw?

<% Mlffl zlwp kfgrrkb jw `cjlir&18 `le jk {pkb rc ngii rdk `le`kz `kiip ge l

fligmeler r{fc{z ca l `le`kz xlrgker%

:% Ge czbkz rc xzkqker dklirdw `kiip azcf jkgem bkprzcwkb) rdk `cjlir&18

pc{z`k gp zcrlrkb ge l `gzìk }grd rdk `le`kz `kiip xcpgrgcekb lr rdk `kerzk

ca rdk `gzìk pc rdlr rdkw `le zk`kgqk rdk fltgf{f lfc{er ca zlbglrgce%

0% Rdk dklirdw `kiip }gii ceiw zk`kgqk l fgegf{f lfc{er ca zlbglrgce leb

rd{p xzkqker rdkf azcf jkgem bkprzcwkb%

[pkp ca Zlbgcgpcrcxkp

Fkbg`gek

& lp l rzl`kz

& zlbgcrdkzlxdw

& prkzgigplrgce

Lmzg`{ir{zk

& lp l rkl`kz

& lp l xzkpkzqlrgcelmker

& lp l f{rlrgem

lmker

& lp l prkzgigpgem

lmker

Lz`dlkcicmw

& lzjce blrgem

Geb{przgkp

& rdg`nekpp cerzci

& ktlfgegem rdk

`cerkerp ca leekb

p{jprle`kp& rzl`ngem iklnlmk

ge gxkp



Lp l xzkpkzqlrgce Lmker?

<% Az{gr leb accbpr{aa lzk zlbglrkb rc ge`zklpk rdkgz pdkia igak%

:% Xcrlrckp rzklrkb }grd ic} bcpkp ca zlbglrgce `le jk xzkqkerkb azcf

pxzc{rgem%

@lzjce Blrgem?

<% @lzjce bgctgbk ge rdk lrfcpxdkzk `cerlgep r}c gpcrcxkp? dgp `cffce)

prljik `lzjce&<: leb rdk zlzk zlbgcl`rgqk `lzjce&<2%

:% Igqgem xilerp ljpczj leb mgqk c{r `lzjce bgctgbk% Rdgp `l{pkp rdk

xkz`kerlmk ca `lzjce&<2 xzkpker ge rdk xiler rgpp{kp rc zkflge `ceprler%

0% ]dke l xiler bgkp) rdk `lzjce&<2 rzlxxkb ge gr bk`lwp jw jkrl kfgppgce

}grd l dlia&igak ca ;=08 wklzp%

2% Jw fklp{zgem rdk l`rgqgrw ca `lzjce&<2 ge lz`dlkcicmg`li plfxikp leb

`cfxlzgem gr rc rdk l`rgqgrw ca igqgem czmlegpf) rdk lmk ca rdk plfxik `le

jk bkrkzfgekb xzk`gpkiw%

;% Rdgp fkrdcb gp `liikb `lzjce blrgem leb gp {pkb jw lz`dlkcicmgprp rc

bkrkzfgek rdk lmk ca le`gker zkflgep p{`d lp acppgip%



<8%2 [ebkzprlebgem E{ìklz Kekzmw?

Lrcfg` Flpp [egr $l%f%{%'?

<% Rdk flpp ca le lrcf gp fklp{zkb ge l {egr `liikb rdk lrcfg` flpp {egr

$l%f%{%'

:% Rdk l%f%{% gp bkagekb lp cek r}kiqk ca rdk flpp ca l `lzjce&<: lrcf%

E{ìklz Agppgce?

<% E{ìklz agppgce gp l xzc`kpp }dkzk rdk e{ìk{p ca l dklqw lrcf pxigr gerc

r}c b{k rc rdk jcfjlzbfker jw l pic} fcqgem ek{rzce%

:% Jkgem {e`dlzmkb) l ek{rzce gp ecr zkxkiikb ce lxxzcl`dgem rdk e{ìk{p%

Rdgp keljikp rdk ek{rzce rc dgr rdk e{ìk{p) `l{pgem gr rc pxigr%

0% ]dke l pic} fcqgem ek{rzce dgrp rdk e{ìk{p ca {zleg{f&:0;) gr pxigrp

gerc r}c eklziw k|{li zlbgcl`rgqk e{ìkg) carke jlzg{f leb nzwxrce)

rcmkrdkz }grd rdk kfgppgce ca r}c cz rdzkk ek{rzcep leb l rzkfkebc{p

lfc{er ca kekzmw%

2% Rdk kekzmw zkiklpkb jw rdk agppgce ca kqkzw {zleg{f&:0; lrcf gp

keczfc{p% Gr gp ljc{r ;88 fgiigce rgfkp mzklrkz rdle rdlr cjrlgekb azcf

rdk j{zegem ca `lzjce%



@dlge Zkl`rgce?

<% Ek{rzcep kfgrrkb b{zgem agppgce `le `lzzw ce pxigrrgem crdkz e{ìkg%

:% Kl`d ca rdk ek{rzcep xzcb{`kb b{zgem agppgce }gii dgr lecrdkz e{ìk{p% Lr

rdk plfk rgfk) fczk ek{rzcep lzk xzcb{`kb%0% Rdk `cerge{c{p pxigrrgem ca e{ìkg }gii zkp{ir ge l `dlge zkl`rgce) `l{pgem l

rzkfkebc{p lfc{er ca kekzmw rc jk zkiklpkb ge l qkzw pdczr xkzgcb%

2% Ge xzl`rg`k) flew agppgce ek{rzcep lzk icpr lp rdkw kp`lxk azcf rdk p{zal`k

ca rdk {zleg{f }grdc{r `l{pgem a{zrdkz agppgce%

;% Rdk zlrgc ca ek{rzcep kp`lxgem rc rdcpk `l{pgem agppgce bk`zklpkp lp rdk

flpp ca {zleg{f ge`zklpkp%

1% Acz l `dlge zkl`rgce rc c``{z) rdk flpp ca rdk {zleg{f&:0; dlp rc kt`kkb l

`kzrlge qli{k) `liikb rdk `zgrg`li flpp%



E{ìklz A{pgce?

<% E{ìklz a{pgce gp rdk xzc`kpp }dkzk r}c igmdr e{ìkg lzk {egrkb gerc l

dklqgkz e{ìk{p }grd rdk zkiklpk ca le keczfc{p lfc{er ca kekzmw%

:% E{ìklz a{pgce c``{zp }dke rdk e{ìkg ca bk{rkzg{f $dwbzcmke&:' lebrzgrg{f $dwbzcmke&0' lzk {egrkb rc aczf l e{ìk{p ca dkig{f leb l

ek{rzce%

0% Acz a{pgce rc c``{z) rdk r}c dwbzcmke e{ìkg dlqk rc lxxzcl`d kl`d crdkz

lr qkzw dgmd pxkkb ge czbkz rc cqkz`cfk rdk kik`rzg`li acz`k ca

zkx{ipgce jkr}kke rdkf% Rdgp `le jk l`dgkqkb jw zlgpgem rdk

rkfxkzlr{zk ca rdk dwbzcmke mlp rc <8 fgiigce ¸@%

2% Fle&flbk {e`cerzciikb a{pgce dlp zkp{irkb ge rdk dwbzcmke jcfj%;% Rdk gegrgli rkfxkzlr{zk zk|{gzkb gp cjrlgekb {pgem {e`cerzciikb agppgce

$lp ge le lrcfg` jcfj' rc rzgmmkz caa rdk a{pgce%

1% Zkpklz`d gp jkgem bcek rc ageb l fkrdcb ca xzcb{`gem `cerzciikb a{pgce

j{r rdgp dlp ecr jkke p{``kppa{i% Ga `cerzciikb a{pgce kqkz jk`cfkp l

zkligrw) gr }c{ib jk qkzw lj{ebler leb plak pc{z`k kekzmw%



Zkiklpk ca Kekzmw ge E{ìklz Zkl`rgcep?

<% Ge l e{ìklz zkl`rgce) rdk flppkp ca rdk azlmfkerp xzcb{`kb lzk li}lwp

pigmdriw ikpp rdle rdk flpp ca rdk czgmgeli e{ìk{p%

:% Rdk icpp ge flpp) nec}e lp rdk flpp bkak`r) gp `ceqkzrkb gerc kekzmw%0% Ge <78;) Kgeprkge pdc}kb rdlr rdk zkilrgcepdgx jkr}kke flpp leb

kekzmw gp mgqke jw rdk k|{lrgce? K 6 f`:) }dkzk K gp rdk kekzmw zkiklpkb

ge oc{ikp) f gp rdk flpp bkak`r ge ngicmzlfp leb ` gp rdk pxkkb ca igmdr ge

fkrzk xkz pk`ceb%

2% Rdk flpp bkak`r ge pcfk e{ìklz zkl`rgcep gp |{grk pgmegag`ler% P{`d

zkl`rgcep lzk {p{liiw l``cfxlegkb jw rdk zkiklpk ca l rzkfkebc{p

lfc{er ca kekzmw%

;% Rdk kekzmw zkiklpkb ge e{ìklz zkl`rgcep gp nec}e lp e{ìklz kekzmw%

1% E{ìklz kekzmw `le lipc jk fklp{zkb ge kik`rzce qcir $kQ'% Rdk kik`rzce

qcir gp bkagekb lp rdk kekzmw l`|{gzkb jw le kik`rzce $cz l xzcrce'

fcqgem rdzc{md l xcrkergli bgaakzke`k ca < qcir%

< kQ 6 <%18 t <8U&<7 O

Mkekzlrgce ca Kik`rzg`grw azcf E{ìklz Agppgce?

<% Ge l e{ìklz xc}kz xiler) agppgce ge l e{ìklz zkl`rcz xzcqgbkp kekzmw rc

mkekzlrk prklf rc bzgqk l r{zjgek% Rdk r{zjgek ge r{ze bzgqkp l mkekzlrcz

rc xzcb{`k kik`rzg`grw%

:% Rdk `dlge zkl`rgce rdlr rlnkp xil`k ge l e{ìklz zkl`rcz gp `cerzciikb rc

zkiklpk kekzmw lr l prklbw zlrk%



0% Rdk a{ki acz fcpr e{ìklz zkl`rczp `cepgprp ca xkiikrp ca `kzlfg` {zleg{f

bgctgbk kezg`dkb }grd l igrrik {zleg{f&:0;%

2% Mzlxdgrk gp {pkb lp l fcbkzlrcz rc pic} bc}e rdk agppgce ek{rzcep pc

rdlr l `dlge zkl`rgce gp flgerlgekb%

;% @cerzci zcbp ge rdk zkl`rcz lzk flbk ca `lbfg{f cz jczce% @cerzci zcbp

ljpczj ek{rzcep leb lzk rd{p ljik rc `cerzci rdk e{fjkz ca ek{rzcep

rdlr `l{pkp agppgce%

1% Rdk `dlge zkl`rgce) leb dke`k rdk rkfxkzlr{zk ca rdk zkl`rcz) `le jk

`dlemkb jw zlgpgem cz ic}kzgem rdk zcbp% Ge le kfkzmke`w) lii rdk zcbp

lzk ic}kzkb rc pd{r bc}e rdk zkl`rcz%

=% L p{jprlergli lfc{er ca dklr gp mkekzlrkb ge l e{ìklz zkl`rcz% @ccilerp

eczfliiw {pkb ge l e{ìklz zkl`rcz lzk kgrdkz `lzjce bgctgbk mlp cz

dklqw }lrkz%4% Rdk dklrkb `cciler aic}p gerc l dklr kt`dlemkz }dkzk `cib }lrkz gp

`ceqkzrkb gerc prklf lr qkzw dgmd xzkpp{zk%

7% Rdk prklf mkekzlrkb gp rdke {pkb rc bzgqk l r{zjgek rdlr ge r{ze bzgqkp l

mkekzlrcz rc xzcb{`k kik`rzg`grw%

<8% E{ìklz zkl`rczp lzk keìcpkb ge rdg`n `ce`zkrk }liip rdlr lzk `cqkzkb

}grd l ilwkz ca iklb rc kep{zk plakrw%

<<% [ergi l bgpxcpli cz icem&rkzf prczlmk al`gigrw gp cxkzlrgceli) fcpr pxker

a{ki gp prczkb ge }lrkz xccip lr rdk zkl`rcz pgrk }dkzk gr }lp xzcb{`kb%Rdk }lrkz zkfcqkp ikarcqkz dklr mkekzlrkb jw rdk pxker a{ki leb pkzqkp

lp l zlbglrgce pdgkib rc xzcrk`r }cznkzp lr rdk pgrk%



<8%; Xzcxkz Flelmkfker ca Zlbgcl`rgqk P{jprle`kp?

Flelmkfker ca E{ìklz ]lprk?

<% Zlbgcl`rgqk }lprk gp }lprk zkp{irgem azcf rdk fgegem ca zlbgcl`rgqk czk)

rdk xzcb{`rgce ca zkl`rcz a{ki flrkzglip) zkl`rcz cxkzlrgcep leb rdk {pk ca

zlbgcl`rgqk flrkzglip ge zkpklz`d) geb{przw) leb fkbg`gek%

:% Zlbgcl`rgqk }lprk gp eczfliiw ìlppgagkb lp ic}&ikqki) fkbg{f&ikqki cz

dgmd&ikqki }lprk) l``czbgem rc rdk lfc{er leb rwxkp ca zlbgcl`rgqgrw ge

rdkf%

0% Pge`k grp zlbgcl`rgqgrw xzkpkerp l pkzgkp dklird dllzb) bgpxcpgem ca p{`d

flrkzgli gp l mzklr xzcjikf%

Ic}&ikqki ]lprk?

<% Ic}&ikqki }lprk gp mkekzlrkb azcf dcpxgrlip) iljczlrczgkp leb geb{przgkp%

:% Gr `cfxzgpkp xlxkzp) zlmp) rccip) ìcrdgem) agirkzp leb crdkz cjok`rp rdlr

`cerlge pflii lfc{erp ca fcpriw pdczr&igqkb zlbgcl`rgqgrw%

0% P{`d }lprk gp ecr blemkzc{p rc dlebik j{r f{pr jk bgpxcpkb ca fczk

`lzka{iiw rdle eczfli mlzjlmk%

2% Gr gp {p{liiw j{zgkb ge pdliic} ilebagii pgrkp% Rc zkb{`k grp qci{fk) gr gp carke

`cfxl`rkb cz ge`gekzlrkb ge l ìcpkb `cerlgekz jkaczk bgpxcpli%

Gerkzfkbglrk&ikqki ]lprk?

<% Gerkzfkbglrk&ikqki }lprk `cerlgep dgmdkz lfc{er ca zlbgcl`rgqk leb flw

zk|{gzkb pxk`gli pdgkibgem%

:% Gr rwxg`liiw `cfxzgpkp zkpgep) `dkfg`li pi{bmk) leb zkl`rcz `cfxcekerp lp

}kii lp `cerlfgelrkb flrkzglip azcf zkl`rcz bk`cffgppgcegem%

0% P{`d }lprk flw jk pcigbgagkb ge `ce`zkrk ke`lpkb `cerlgekzp leb b{fx ge

rdk c`kle cz j{zgkb bkkx {ebkzmzc{eb%

Dgmd&ikqki ]lprk?

<% Dgmd&ikqki }lprkp zkakz rc dgmdiw zlbgcl`rgqk }lprk xkzfleker gpcilrgce

azcf fle‗p keqgzcefker rdlr lzgpkp lp l jw&xzcb{`r ca e{ìklz xc}kz

mkekzlrgce%

:% Dgmd&ikqki }lprk l``c{erp acz cqkz 7;+ ca rdk rcrli zlbgcl`rgqgrw xzcb{`k

ge l xzc`kpp ca e{ìklz kik`rzg`grw mkekzlrgce%



0% P{`d }lprk gp dgmdiw zlbgcl`rgqk leb gr mkekzlrkp l `cepgbkzljik lfc{er ca

dklr% Gr lipc zk|{gzkp `ccigem lp }kii lp pxk`gli pdgkibgem b{zgem dlebigem

leb rzlepaczf%

2% Ga rdk }lprk gp zkxzc`kppkb) rdk pkxlzlrkb }lprk gp pcigbgagkb jw

ge`czxczlrgem gr gerc jczcpgig`lrk $Xwzkt' milpp) }dg`d gp pklikb gepgbk

prlgeikpp prkki `legprkzp acz kqker{li bgpxcpli bkkx {ebkzmzc{eb%

Dllzbp ca Zlbglrgce?

<% Zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep lzk xcrkergliiw qkzw dllzbc{p lp rdkw `le blflmk

cz kqke ngii igqgem `kiip%

:% Ktxcp{zk rc dgmd ikqkip ca kfgppgcep `le jk alrli%

0% Ic}kz ikqki ca ktxcp{zk flw `l{pk zlbglrgce j{zep rdlr `le jk qkzw

xlgea{i leb iklb rc pczkp leb jigprkzp%

2% @cerge{c{p ktxcp{zk rc zlbgcl`rgqk kfgppgcep flw `l{pk pkzgc{p bkilwkb

kaak`rp p{`d lp `le`kz leb `kii f{rlrgcep) }dg`d flw jk xlppkb ce rc

a{r{zk mkekzlrgcep%

;% Mlffl zlwp lzk rdk fcpr blemkzc{p lp rdkw `le xkekrzlrk bkkx gerc rdk

jcbw% Lixdl xlzrgìkp lzk prcxxkb jw c{z pnge j{r `le jk`cfk dllzbc{p ga

lixdl&kfgrrgem p{jprle`kp lzk rlnke gerc c{z jcbw%

1% L e{ìklz ktxicpgce cz le l``gbker lr l e{ìklz xc}kz xiler `c{ib `l{pk l

pkzgc{p blemkz ca zlbglrgce dllzb%

=% Rdk kaak`rp ca le l``gbker flw zkl`d l }gbk lzkl ga l dgmd e{fjkz ca

zlbgcl`rgqk mlpkc{p p{jprle`kp leb zlbgcl`rgqk xlzrgìkp lzk zkiklpkb gerc

rdk lgz%

4% Zlbglrgce dllzb pgr{lrgcep `le jk `l{pkb jw l``gbkerp rdlr c``{z b{zgem

rdk rzlepxczrlrgce ca zlbgcl`rgqk p{jprle`kp%

7% Le {exzcrk`rkb xkzpce ge rdk l``gbker xil`k flw) ge l pdczr rgfk) zk`kgqk

p{`d l mzklr zlbglrgce bcpk rdlr gr dlp le gffkbglr k kaak`r ce rdk xkzpce‗p

dklird%<8% L flppgqk bcpk ca zlbglrgce bkprzcwp flew `kiip leb `le jk rdk `l{pk ca

zlbglrgce giiekpp%

<<% Ge rdk kqker ca l e{ìklz ktxicpgce) xkcxik `le mkr pwfxrcfp ca l

zlbglrgce giiekpp kqke lr l bgprle`k ca l ak} d{ebzkb ngicfkrzkp azcf rdk

ic`lrgce ca rdk e{ìklz ktxicpgcep%



Plakrw Xzk`l{rgcep?

<% Lii zlbgcl`rgqk p{jprle`kp dlqk rc jk nkxr ge iklb `cerlgekzp }grd }liip ca

l ak} `kergfkrzkp rdg`n% P{`d `cerlgekzp f{pr jk iljkiikb ’Zlbgcl`rgqk

Pc{z`k‖ rcmkrdkz }grd rdk xzkpke`k ca rdk gerkzelrgceli zlbglrgce pwfjci%:% ]kln zlbgcl`rgqk pc{z`kp `le jk xg`nkb {x {pgem r}kkkzp%

0% Przcem leb blemkzc{p pc{z`kp dlqk rc jk dlebikb {pgem zkfcrk `cerzci

k|{gxfker rdzc{md l iklb&milpp p`zkke%

2% Rdg`n iklb pdgkibp pdc{ib jk geprliikb jkr}kke przcem zlbgcl`rgqk pc{z`kp

ge {pk leb rdk zlbglrgce }cznkzp%

;% Zlbglrgce }cznkzp dlqk rc }klz pxk`gli xzcrk`rgqk icrdgem leb micqkp%

Rdkw lipc dlqk rc }klz agif jlbmkp rc nkkx rzl`n ca rdk zlbglrgce bcplmk

rdkw dlqk zk`kgqkb%

1% Mzklr `lzk dlp rc jk rlnke ge bgpxcpli ca e{ìklz }lprk) kpxk`gliiw dgmd&

ikqki }lprk) lp gr `cerlgep rdk dgmdiw zlbgcl`rgqk agppgce xzcb{`r leb pcfk

dklqw kikfkerp }grd icem&igqkb zlbgcl`rgqgrw%

[pgem E{ìklz Kekzmw lp Le Lirkzelrgqk Aczf ca Kekzmw?

<% Fcbkze pc`gkrw zkigkp dklqgiw ce acppgi a{kip p{`d lp cgi) elr{zli mlp leb

`cli acz grp kekzmw p{xxigkp%

:% Lp rdk ljcqk pc{z`kp lzk ece&zkek}ljik) rdkw lzk ignkiw rc z{e c{r ge l

flrrkz ca rgfk) xzcjljiw jw rdk keb ca rdk ektr `ker{zw cz kqke klzigkz%

0% Ktgprgem lirkzelrgqk pc{z`kp ca kekzmw p{`d lp dwbzckik`rzg` xc}kz) pcilz

kekzmw) }geb leb rgbli xc}kz }gii ecr jk p{aag`gkeriw bkqkicxkb rc jk ca

}gbkpxzklb {pk%

2% Gr lxxklzp rdlr rdk pci{rgce rc rdk }czib‗p a{r{zk kekzmw pdczrlmk igkp }grd

e{ìklz xc}kz jk`l{pk zkpkzqkp ca {zleg{f }gii ilpr acz d{ebzkbp cz kqke

rdc{plebp ca wklzp%

;% Rdk xzcjikf }grd e{ìklz xc}kz gp rdk xcrkergli dllzb rc rdk plakrw leb

dklird ca rdk x{jig` jk`l{pk e{ìklz zlbglrgce fgmdr ikln b{zgem lel``gbker%

1% P{xxczrkzp ca e{ìklz xc}kz `cerkeb rdlr gr gp rdk ceiw pci{rgce rc rdk

}czib‗p a{r{zk kekzmw pdczrlmk leb lzm{k rdlr rdkzk lzk lbk|{lrk plakrw

aklr{zkp j{gir gerc lii e{ìklz zkl`rczp rc `cerlge lew l``gbkerp rdlr flw

c``{z%

=% Rdk cxxcekerp ca e{ìklz xc}kz plw rdlr e{ìklz xc}kz `ceprgr{rkp le

{el``kxrljik dllzb rc rdk x{jig`% Rdkw flgerlge rdlr e{ìklz xc}kz gp

{eek`kpplzw leb rdlr lii a{r{zk kekzmw ekkbp `c{ib k fkr jw le ge`zklpgem{pk ca lirkzelrgqk kekzmw pc{z`kp leb jw `cepkzqlrgce%



4% Azcf rdk zgpgem xzg`k ca `z{bk cgi rdlr gp dcqkzgem lzc{eb [PB<08%88) gr

iccnp lp ga rdk p{xxczrkzp ca e{ìklz xc}kz flw dlqk rdk ilpr plw%

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Physics Form 5 Chapter 5