PhysicsData Booklet

Standard Grade andAccess 3 to

Advanced Higher

Published date: February 2008Publication code: BB2099ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2

Published by the Scottish Qualifications AuthorityThe Optima Building, 58 Robertson Street, Glasgow G2 8DQIronmills Road, Dalkeith, Midlothian EH22 1LE

www.sqa.org.uk

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must be obtained from the Publications Team at SQA. It must not bereproduced for trade or commercial purposes. Scottish Qualifications Authority 2008

Physics Data BookletStandard Grade and Access 3to Advanced Higher

For use in National Qualification Coursesleading to the 2008 examinations and beyond

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Contents

Introduction 1Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1 2Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 23Relationships for Higher 4Relationships for Advanced Higher6Additional relationships 8Electron arrangements of elements 9

1Introduction

This data booklet is intended for use by candidates in examinations in Physics at Standard Grade,Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Higher and Advanced Higher Levels from the 2008 examinationdiet. It is recommended that candidates become familiar with the contents of the data bookletthrough use in undertaking Units of these Courses, including Physics Units at Access 3.

The range of data contained in the booklet has been limited to that syllabus content which may beassessed through written examination papers. This data should be supplemented by other resourcematerial as necessary during the course, eg by using data sheets. However, should any additionalinformation (or data not included in this booklet) be required in an examination, such informationwill be included in the examination paper.

Additional relationships, which candidates may find useful, are contained on page 8.A periodic table of elements is included on page 9.

From the variety of data offered in this booklet, candidates will be expected to demonstrate theability to select an appropriate:

formula relationship element or data pertaining to an element

2Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1

resistance = voltagecurrent

current =powervoltage

speed = distancetime

voltage gain=

weight =10 mass

output voltageinput voltage

average speed = distancetime

ns

np

3

Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 2

d = v t

W =mg

P = IV

P = I 2R

F = ma

p =mv

Ew = Fd

E p =mgh

Eh = cm T

Eh =ml

Q = It

v= f

V = IR

Ek = mv21

2

s = v t

t

M

va =

t

vua =

t

EP =

f1

P =

t

NA =

m

ED =

H = DwR

RV 2P=

Vgain

Ei

useful Eopercentage efficiency = !100

Pi

useful Popercentage efficiency = !100

M

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

RT R1 R2

V2 = Vs

1 1 1+ ...+=

=V1V2

R1R2

=VsVp=

I pIs

=

VoVi

Pgain =PoPi

R2R1+R2

sin2

4

Relationships for Higher

t

M

va =

v = u+ at

v = u +2as

s = ut+

s = u +v t( )

at2

2 2

12

12

F =ma

Ew = Fd

E p =mgh

E =V + Ir

9 E = 9 IR

Ek = mv21

2

t

EP =

AFP =

= constantPVT

p =mv

Ft =mv mu

Vm=

W =QV

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

RT R1 R2

1 1 1+ ...+=

R2 R4

R1 R3=

V = IR

P = IV = I R =22V

R

Vpeak 2Vrms= M

I peak 2 Irms= M

VQC=

E = QV = CV =

=

12

12

2

2

212 C

Q

VoV1

Vo = (V2 V1)

T =

R fR1

RfR1

1f

v = f

1

2

v1

v2

path difference= npath difference= n+ 12( )

I = kd

d sin = n

n =sin1

sin2sin1

sinc =1n

= =

P = gh

t

t

5Relationships for Higher

E = hfI = Nhf

API =

t

NA =

m

ED =

tH

Ek = hf hf0W2 W1 = hf

E =mc2

H = DwR

H =

max. value min. valuenumber of valuesrandom uncertainty=

6Relationships for Advanced Higher

L = I

F = QE

= 2f

y = Acost or y = Asint

= y

Erot = I

a = =

v = u+ at

s = ut+ at

v = u + 2as

m =

1

=o +t

=o + 2

s = r

v = r

T = Fr

T = I

L = mvr = mr

at = r

r

var = = r

F = = mr

=ot+ t

mo

2 2

2

2

2

2

2

12

dtdv

dtd s

E =mc2

dt =

d

dt = =

ddtd

212

2

22

r

mv2

2

2

2

v2

c2

2Gmr

2

2

12

F =r

Gm1m2

V =

v=

r

Gm

dtd y2 22

v = A y+ 2 2

Ek = m21

2

Ep = m y2

2

212

A y

] g^ h2 2

ph

=

2nh

mvr =

4forQ1Q2F =

24forQE =

4forQV =

7Relationships for Advanced Higher

V = Ed

F = qvB

f = fs

y = Asin2 ft

f = L

F = IlBsin

B=

=

no I2r

dIdt

x

v

v+ vs

no I1I22r

2x

Fl

E = LI122

f = fs

=

v+ vov

optical path difference = m

optical path difference = m+ ( )

2dl

x =

M

dD

x =

M

m =m1 m2

c1 c2

2 n 2

M

c =

MYYX

X

M

XM

4nd =

n = tani p

= +

+=

M 2

Y

M2 2

ZZ

M

Z

M

2

( )

2 n 2( )

12

8Additional Relationships

Circle Table of standard derivatives

Table of standard integrals

circumference= 2r

Sphere

Trigonometry

Moment of inertia

area = 4r

volume= r

area= r2

3

2

34

sin = oppositehypotenuse

sin + cos =1

cos =adjacent

hypotenuse

tan =oppositeadjacent

2 2

point massI = mr2

rod about centreI = ml2112

rod about endI = ml213

disc about centreI = mr212

sphere about centreI = mr225

f (x) f '(x)

sinax acosax

cosax asinax

f (x) f (x)dx

sinax cosax +C

cosax sinax +C

1a

1a

88

1H1

Hydrogen

3

Li2, 1

Lithium

4

Be2, 2

Beryllium

11

Na2, 8, 1

Sodium

12

Mg2, 8, 2

Magnesium

19

K2, 8, 8, 1

Potassium

20

Ca2, 8, 8, 2

Calcium

37

Rb2, 8, 18, 8, 1

Rubidium

38

Sr2, 8, 18, 8, 2

Strontium

55

Cs2, 8, 18, 18,

8, 1Caesium

56

Ba2, 8, 18, 18,

8, 2Barium

87

Fr2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1Francium

88

Ra2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2Radium

21

Sc2, 8, 9, 2Scandium

22

Ti2, 8, 10, 2Titanium

39

Y2, 8, 18, 9, 2Yttrium

40

Zr2, 8, 18, 10, 2Zirconium

57

La2, 8, 18, 18,

9, 2Lanthanum

72

Hf2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

Hafnium

89

Ac2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2Actinium

104

Rf2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2

Rutherfordium

23

V2, 8, 11, 2Vanadium

41

Nb2, 8, 18, 12, 1Niobium

73

Ta2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2

Tantalum

105

Db2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2Dubnium

24

Cr2, 8, 13, 1Chromium

42

Mo2, 8, 18, 13, 1Molybdenum

74

W2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

Tungsten

106

Sg2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2

Seaborgium

25

Mn2, 8, 13, 2Manganese

43

Tc2, 8, 18, 13, 2Technetium

75

Re2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2

Rhenium

107

Bh2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2Bohrium

26

Fe2, 8, 14, 2Iron

44

Ru2, 8, 18, 15, 1Ruthenium

76

Os2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2

Osmium

108

Hs2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2Hassium

27

Co2, 8, 15, 2Cobalt

45

Rh2, 8, 18, 16, 1Rhodium

77

Ir2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2Iridium

109

Mt2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2

Meitnerium

28

Ni2, 8, 16, 2Nickel

46

Pd2, 8, 18, 18, 0Palladium

78

Pt2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1

Platinum

29

Cu2, 8, 18, 1Copper

47

Ag2, 8, 18, 18, 1Silver

79

Au2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1Gold

30

Zn2, 8, 18, 2Zinc

48

Cd2, 8, 18, 18, 2Cadmium

80

Hg2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2

Mercury

5

B2, 3Boron

13

Al2, 8, 3

Aluminium

31

Ga2, 8, 18, 3Gallium

49

In2, 8, 18, 18, 3Indium

81

Tl2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3

Thallium

6

C2, 4

Carbon

14

Si2, 8, 4Silicon

32

Ge2, 8, 18, 4Germanium

50

Sn2, 8, 18, 18, 4

Tin

82

Pb2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4Lead

7

N2, 5

Nitrogen

15

P2, 8, 5

Phosphorus

33

As2, 8, 18, 5Arsenic

51

Sb2, 8, 18, 18, 5Antimony

83

Bi2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

Bismuth

8

O2, 6

Oxygen

16

S2, 8, 6Sulphur

34

Se2, 8, 18, 6Selenium

52

Te2, 8, 18, 18, 6Tellurium

84

Po2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

Polonium

9

F2, 7

Fluorine

17

Cl2, 8, 7Chlorine

35

Br2, 8, 18, 7Bromine

53

I2, 8, 18, 18, 7Iodine

85

At2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7

Astatine

10

Ne2, 8Neon

18

Ar2, 8, 8Argon

36

Kr2, 8, 18, 8Krypton

54

Xe2, 8, 18, 18, 8Xenon

86

Rn2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8Radon

2

He2

Helium

57

La2, 8, 18, 18,

9, 2Lanthanum

58

Ce2, 8, 18, 20,

8, 2Cerium

59

Pr2, 8, 18, 21,

8, 2Praseodymium

60

Nd2, 8, 18, 22,

8, 2Neodymium

61

Pm2, 8, 18, 23,

8, 2Promethium

62

Sm2, 8, 18, 24,

8, 2Samarium

63

Eu2, 8, 18, 25,

8, 2Europium

64

Gd2, 8, 18, 25,

9, 2Gadolinium

65

Tb2, 8, 18, 27,

8, 2Terbium

66

Dy2, 8, 18, 28,

8, 2Dysprosium

67

Ho2, 8, 18, 29,

8, 2Holmium

68

Er2, 8, 18, 30,

8, 2Erbium

69

Tm2, 8, 18, 31,

8, 2Thulium

70

Yb2, 8, 18, 32,

8, 2Ytterbium

89

Ac2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2Actinium

90

Th2, 8, 18, 32, 18,10, 2Thorium

91

Pa2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2

Protactinium

92

U2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2Uranium

93

Np2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2

Neptunium

94

Pu2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2

Plutonium

95

Am2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2

Americium

96

Cm2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2Curium

97

Bk2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2

Berkelium

98

Cf2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2

Californium

99

Es2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2

Einsteinium

100

Fm2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2Fermium

101

Md2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2

Mendelevium

102

No2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2Nobelium

71

Lu2, 8, 18, 32,

9, 2Lutetium

103

Lr2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9, 2

Lawrencium

Electron Arrangements of Elements

Group1(1)

Group2

(2)

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

Group3

(13)

Group4

(14)

Group5

(15)

Group6

(16)

Group7

(17)

Group0(18)

Transition Elements

Lanthanides

Actinides

Atomic numberSymbol

Electron arrangement Name

Key

9

Customer Contact CentreT: 0845 279 1000 E: customer@sqa.org.uk W: www.sqa.org.uk

BB2099 February 2008

ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2

Physics Data Booklet Standard Grade and Access 3 to Advanced HigherContentsIntroductionRelationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 2Relationships for HigherRelationships for HigherRelationships for Advanced HigherRelationships for Advanced HigherAdditional RelationshipsElectron Arrangements of Elements