Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ma#er or Energy?
Everything on earth is either ma0er or energy • CHEMISTRY is the study of ma@er
• PHYSICS is the study of energy and how it affects
ma@er
Ma@er Ma@er -‐-‐ has volume (takes up space) and has mass
There are 4 forms (states) of ma@er 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 4. Plasma
Ma@er Has Mass
• Mass is a measure of how much ma@er an object contains. It is measured in Grams (g).
Mass is NOT the same as Weight
• Mass does not change on different planets and is measured in grams
• Weight is mass + gravity and can change depending on the force of gravity. Weight is measured in Newtons Who is this guy and
Why was he in the news last year?
Measuring Ma@er in SI Units (The metric system)
• Mass – Grams • Liquid – Liters • Length -‐-‐ meters
Ma@er Has Volume
Volume -‐-‐ the amount of space an object takes up Two ways to measure volume
• Volume can be measured with the equa[on: • Volume = Length x Width x Height
Meausre in cm.
• Volume of an object with an irregular shape is measured using a graduated cylinder and a method called displacement.
• What is the volume of your object? – New volume – original volume = _____________
• Since we are using liquid the unit will be liters or ml not cm3.
MENISCUS
Water is adhesive This means it adheres or “s[cks” to the sides of any Container – Crea[ng a meniscus Read the bo@om line!
How should I measure the volume?
1. A Rubik’s cube? 2. A pencil-‐top eraser? 3. A marble? 4. My cell phone?
Measure the volume of your cell phone
• Find the length • Find the width • Find the height • Mul[ply • What units will you use?
Warm –up Ma@er 1. How many cen[meters in a meter? _____ 2. It makes sense to measure (SI unit) your foot using? ____ 3. What does area measure? 4. How is the volume of a (regularly shaped) solid measured? 5. How is the volume of a liquid measured? 6. How many milliliters are there in a liter? 7. What does weight measure? 8. What might be the mass of an average 4th grader? 9. What does density measure? 10. What typically has the greatest density? Solid, liquid, or
gas?
Why are two things the same size different Masses?
• Some substances have heavier atoms than others
• Some substances have more atoms than others
Density = Mass/Volume • Once you know the mass and volume of an object you can easily find the density on g/ml or g/cm3
• Object: _________Object: _________ – Mass________Volume.
• D=m/v = _________________
• Object: _________ – Mass________Volume.
• D=m/v = _________________
– Mass________Volume. • D=m/v = _________________
• Object: _________ – Mass________Volume.
• D=m/v = _________________
Sink or Float?
The density of water is 1 g/ml objects that are more dense than water sink object less dense than water sink
Why does this ship float?
With all the air pockets, it is less dense than water. IF the air pockets are filled with water, what will happen?
Densi[es of Liquid Rubbing Alcohol .79 Lamp Oil .80 Baby Oil .83 Vegetable Oil .92 Ice Cube .92 Water 1.00 Milk 1.03 Dawn Dish Soap 1.06 Light Corn Syrup 1.33 Maple Syrup 1.37 Honey 1.42
Which of these liquids is the most dense? The least dense? What would happen if you dropped an object Into the container that is more dense than Vegetable oil but less dense than water?
What is the density of water?
• 1 gram/ml OR 1 gram/cm3
• Objects more dense than water will SINK • Objects less dense than water will FLOAT
Quiz: 1.1 Ma#er, Mass, Volume, Density Sec?on I: Matching 1. Study of energy and how it affects ma@er a. Chemistry 2. Amount of ma@er something contains b. Physics 3. 1 g/ml Or 1 g/cm3 c. Ma@er 4. Amount of space an object occupies d. Mass 5. Mass plus the pull of gravity e. Volume 6. Used to measure volume f. Density 7. Study of ma@er g. Weight 8. Used to measure length h. Cm 9. Has volume and mass i. Ml 10. Mass divided by volume j. Density of water
Sec?on II: Mul?ple Choice 1. ___ is measured with a triple beam balance. a) Weight b) Mass c) Volume d) Density 2. A graduated cylinder is used to measure_____. a) Weight b) Mass c) Volume d) Density 3. If we use the units of grams (g.) for mass and cubic cen?meters (cm3) for volume, then the units for density will be a) Grams b) cm 3 c) g -‐ cm 3 d) g/cm 3 4. A cube has a side of 5 cm. It has a mass of 250 grams. The density of the cube is a) 50 g/cm3 and will float in water b) 2.0 g/cm3 and will float in water c) 50 g/cm3 and will sink in water d) 2.0 g/cm3 and will sink in water 5. An object with high volume and low mass has a) high density b) low density
Sec?on III: Short Answer/Problems Given an object that is: length: 10cm ; width 40cm, height 4 cm. What is the volume? (show work) If you have 100 ml of water and add an object that causes the water to rise to 140 ml. What is the volume of the object? If an object has a mass of 120g and a volume of 20ml what is the density? If an object has a density of .5, what will happen when it is put into water? Why? 5. If a ring has a density of 6g/ml and a volume of 3 ml, what is it’s mass?
Sec?on II: Mul?ple Choice 1. ___ is measured with a triple beam balance. a) Weight b) Mass c) Volume d) Density 2. A graduated cylinder is used to measure_____. a) Weight b) Mass c) Volume d) Density 3. If we use the units of grams (g) for mass and cubic cen?meters (cm3) for volume, then the units for density will be a) Grams b) cm 3 c) g -‐ cm 3 d) g/cm 3 4. A cube has a side of 5 cm. It has a mass of 250 grams. The density of the cube is a) 50 g/cm3 and will float in water b) 2.0 g/cm3 and will float in water c) 50 g/cm3 and will sink in water d) 2.0 g/cm3 and will sink in water 5. An object with high volume and low mass has a) high density b) low density
6. Liquid water is more dense than ice because a) A liquid H 20 molecule has more mass than an ice H 20 molecule. b) A chemical change occurs when ice melts that causes the mass of water to increase c) When ice melts there is an increase in the amount of water molecules d) there are a greater number of H 20 molecules per unit of volume in liquid water than ice. 7. Oil floats on water. The most accurate reason for this is a) oil is less dense than water b) oil is immiscible (does not dissolve) in water c) oil is both less dense and immiscible with water d) water is heavier than oil 8. A graduated cylinder contains 100 ml of a liquid. The mass of the graduated cylinder with the liquid is 145 grams.The mass of the graduated cylinder when empty is 45 grams. The liquid is most likely a) Ethanol
b) Water c) Corn Oil d) Chloroform
9. Which of the following will cause the mass of a metal block to increase? a) pusng the block in the freezer b) measuring the mass of the block on jupiter c) hea[ng the block d) None of the above 10. Piece A of aluminum has a volume of 20cm3. Piece B of aluminum has a volume of 10cm3. The difference in density would be a) Piece A has twice the density b) piece A is half the density c) Piece A has ¼ the density d) A and B have the same density
Sec?on III: Short Answer/Problems Given an object that is: length: 10cm ; width 40cm, height 4 cm. What is the volume? (show work) If an object has a mass of 120g and a volume of 20ml what is the density? If an object has a density of .5, what will happen when it is put into water? Why? If a ring has a density of 6g/ml and a volume of 3 ml, what is it’s mass? If the density of an object is 240 g/cm3 and the mass is 20.6, what is the volume of the object?
Meet 115, the Newest Element on the Periodic Table The extremely heavy element was just confirmed by scien[sts in Sweden.
Ma@er
• We can not see atoms with our eyes or even with a light microscope. In the 1980s, scien[sts created a Scanning Tunneling Microscope. Electrons tunnel between the [p and sample, crea[ng a current that can be measured and image displayed.
Ma@er
• Protons have a + charge.
• Electrons have a – charge.
• Neutrons have NO charge.
• Protons and neutrons are made of smaller par[cles called Quarks.
Par[cle Theory of Ma@er
• “Atoms are the smallest basic units of ma@er.
• Atoms are always in mo[on. • Atoms are the smallest par[cle of an element that retain the PROPERTIES of that element.
• Atoms have MASS – Teaspoon of water has
500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms and has a mass of 5 grams. § ATOMS combine to form COMPOUNDS
Nanotechnology is the manipula[on of ma@er on an atomic and molecular scale
• h@p://go.hrw.com/ac[vi[es/frameset.html?main=2333.html
Please copy on a clean sheet of paper and then begin reading assignment. Lab 1.3: Understanding the behavior of air molecules Problem: What will happen to a balloon, a marshmellow and warm water when they are put in vacuum chamber? (The air is removed)). Hypothesis: (skip 4 lines) Materials: Vacuum chamber, marshmellow, balloon, container filled ½ way with warm water. Procedure: Put the balloon in the chamber and pump the air out. Put the marshmellow int the chamber and pump the air out. Test the temperature of the warm water with your finger. Place it in the chamber and pump the air out. Observe. Test the temperature with your finger again auer the water is removed from the chamber.
How do Atoms move?
• DIFFUSION. Atoms move from a high concentra[on to a lower concentra[on un[l they are evenly distributed. This is called DIFFUSION.
• There is GRAVITY between objects and molecules and atoms. The farther apart they are, the less the pull of gravity. The greater the mass, the greater the gravity.
States of Ma@er • Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Atoms vibrate. • Atoms have a Strong a@rac[on Because they are close.
Solids have different arrangements of par[cles that explain why some are harder or more flexible than others
Ma@er • The fourth state of ma@er is plasma. Plasma is a cloud of
protons, neutrons and electrons where all the electrons have come loose. Plasmas are the most common state of ma@er. Plasma occurs naturally and makes up the stuff of our sun, the core of stars and more. On earth, plasma is naturally occurring in flames, lightning and the auroras.
COPY NOW Quick Lab: Gas Pressure
Materials: – Vacuum chamber – Deflated balloon – Marshmellow – Thermometer – Water container
Procedure – Place balloon in chamber and pump the air out. Describe what
happens – Place marshmallow in chamber and do the same – Fill the container ¾ full with tap water. Take the temperature – Pump the air out. What happens? Take the water temperature
and record Observa[ons – record in your notebook
Behavior of gasses
• Gasses can be compressed – Gasses compress when Pressure is increased. (Pressure Goes up, volume goes down) Hydraulic lius are filled with gas that compresses when pressure (a force) is applied
Charles's Law: Increasing the temperature of a gas increases its volume. Lowering the temperature of a gas, lowers its volume.
How can there be enough Helium in the tank to fill all of these balloons? Small fills 72 balloons Medium fills 144 balloons Large fills 500 balloons