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(OSullivan 2001)

Spinal pathway

Classification of the Sensory System

Anteriolateral spinothalmic

Dorsal column-medial

leminisca

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Dorsal column-medial leminisca

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Clinical Consideration

The function of the pyramidal tract

(1) Involve the modulation of ascending sensory

information and the regulation of spinal reflex

Activation of these fibers proceduces presynapticinhibition of afferent fibers, including Ib afferent from

Golgi Tendon organs, FRAs from cutaneous receptors,

and high threshold afferents from joint receptors.

(2) Mediate the execution of precise hand movementsthat are charaterized by fine control of independent digit

movements.

Pyramidal Tract

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Cortical spinal tract

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Pathway Medial reticulospinal Tract (Pontine reticulospinal Tract)

pipsilateralp Spinal cord (Laminae VII, VIII)

Lateral reticulospinal Tract (Medullary reticulospinal Tract)p ipsilateralp Spinal Cord cross midline (Laminae VII, IX)

Reticulospinal Tract

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Reticaular spinal tract

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Reticular Formation (RF) Connection: spinal cord, cerebellum, brain stain,

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia,

The reticular formation (RF) has no single role, but

is involved with a broad range of automatic, or

unconscious, neural functions

Reticulospinal Tract

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Reticular Formation (RF) Function

Control of the skeletal muscle

Reticulospinal tract

Control of somatic and vesceral sensation

Control of the automatic nervous system

Medullary reticulospinal Tract

Control of the endocrine nervous system Influence on the biological clocks

Reticular activating system

Reticulospinal Tract

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Influence on Motor Neuron

Nearly two-thirds of the fibers terminating at

cervical level.

Medial reticulospinal tract (Pontine reticulospinal Tract)

probably has an excitatory influence extensorE motor

neurons of the trunk and proximal extremity muscle.

Lateral reticular tract (Medullary reticulospinal Tract)

probably participate autonomic nervous system in the

control of respiration, sweating, shivering and other

automatic motor function.

Reticulospinal Tract

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Rubrospinal Tract

Pathway Midbrain (a part of the red

nucleus)p fibers cross

immediatelyp the medullap

dorsolateral funiculusp locate

at anterior to the lateralcorticospinal tract.

Rubrospinal Tract

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Pathway Control Function

Anteromedial gray Axial muscle

Proximal muscle

Balance,

Righting Reaction,

Posture

Dorsolateral gray Distal muscle of

the limb

Various fine

manipulative task,

ex: grasp, reaching

Rubrospinal Tract

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Structure: Lateral VestibuospinalTract (LVST)

Medial VestibulospinalTract (MVST)

Terminate in LaminaeVII, VIII, IX (trunkmuscle)

Pathway

Vestibulospinal Tract

Vestibulospinal Tract

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Influence on motor neurons LVST

Strong excitatoryeffect on anti-gravity muscle

(extensors)

extensor motor neurons of the ankle, trunk and

neck are monosynaptically or disaptically

facilitation.

MVST MVST neurons primarily supply disynaptic

inhibition to flexor

Vestibulospinal Tract

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Functional consideration

An important role in the regulation of

muscle tone, particular as they influencethe control of balance.

The influence of LVST to posture

Vestibulospinal Tract

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Peripheral nerve

Peripheral Nerve Fibers: Anatomy

(Barr, 1988)

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C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

C7

C8

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C2

C3

C4 acromial

C5

C6 thumb

C7 middle finger

C8 little finger

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6T7

T8

T9

T10

T1111

T12

L1 between T12 and

L2

L2

L3 medial epicondyle

L4 medial malliolus

L53th MP

S1 lateral heel

S2

S3

S4

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LONG DESCENDING TRACTS AND

MOTOR CONTROL

Pytramidal Tracts

(Corticopinal Tracts)

Reticulospinal Tracts

Rubrospinal Tracts

Vestibulospinal Tracts

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Pyramidal tract

85- 90% cross the medline at the

caudal end of the medulla to the lateral

corticospinal tract.

55% terminate in cervical (upper

extrenmity)

20% terminate in thorasis (trunk)

25% terminate in lumbo- sacral

(lower limb)

15% ipsilateral connection:

is called anterior corticopinal tract

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