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PHYSICAL SCIENCE PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Waves Part 1: Types of Waves Part 1: Types of Waves

PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical

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Page 1: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

PHYSICAL SCIENCEPHYSICAL SCIENCE

WavesWaves

Part 1: Types of WavesPart 1: Types of Waves

Page 2: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Section 1 Types of Waves Section 1 Types of Waves ObjectivesObjectives

Recognize that waves transfer energy.Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical waves Distinguish between mechanical waves

and electromagnetic waves.and electromagnetic waves. Explain the relationship between particle Explain the relationship between particle

vibration and wave motion.vibration and wave motion. Distinguish between transverse waves and Distinguish between transverse waves and

longitudinal waves.longitudinal waves.

Page 3: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

What is a WaveWhat is a Wave

A wave is a disturbance that transmits A wave is a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space.energy through matter or space.

If a wave travels through matter, that If a wave travels through matter, that matter is called the medium.matter is called the medium. The medium for an earthquake wave is earthThe medium for an earthquake wave is earth The medium for a ripple in a pond is waterThe medium for a ripple in a pond is water The medium for sound is airThe medium for sound is air

Mechanical waves are waves that require Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium through which to travel.a medium through which to travel.

Page 4: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical
Page 5: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

What is a WaveWhat is a Wave

An electromagnetic wave is a wave An electromagnetic wave is a wave caused by a disturbance in electric and caused by a disturbance in electric and magnetic fields and that does not require a magnetic fields and that does not require a medium.medium.

Electromagnetic waves are also known as Electromagnetic waves are also known as light waves, of which, visible light is only a light waves, of which, visible light is only a small part.small part.

Radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, and Radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, and ultraviolet waves are all types of light.ultraviolet waves are all types of light.

Page 6: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical
Page 7: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Properties of WavesProperties of Waves

Type of Type of WaveWave

MechanicalMechanical ElectromagneticElectromagnetic

FormForm LongitudinalLongitudinal TransverseTransverse Modeled as Modeled as TransverseTransverse

MediumMedium Solids, liquids, and Solids, liquids, and gasesgases

Solids and liquidsSolids and liquids None requiredNone required

Travel asTravel as Compressions and Compressions and rarefactions in matterrarefactions in matter

Back-and-forth (or Back-and-forth (or up-and-down) up-and-down) movement in movement in mattermatter

Oscillating electric Oscillating electric and magnetic fieldsand magnetic fields

ExamplesExamples Sound waves, some Sound waves, some earthquake wavesearthquake waves

Water waves, rope Water waves, rope waves, some waves, some earthquake wavesearthquake waves

Visible light waves, Visible light waves, radio waves, X-raysradio waves, X-rays

Page 8: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

What is a WaveWhat is a Wave

Energy is the ability to do work.Energy is the ability to do work. Waves carry energy because they can do Waves carry energy because they can do

work.work. A cork that bobs on the water top is A cork that bobs on the water top is

evidence of work done on that cork as it is evidence of work done on that cork as it is moved by the wave that passes through it.moved by the wave that passes through it.

Sound waves can do work on the eardrum Sound waves can do work on the eardrum and light waves can do work on the retina and light waves can do work on the retina of the eye.of the eye.

Page 9: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

What is a WaveWhat is a Wave

The bigger a wave is, the more energy it carries.The bigger a wave is, the more energy it carries. Energy may spread out as waves travel.Energy may spread out as waves travel.

Sound coming from a speaker seems to be less Sound coming from a speaker seems to be less intense as you move farther awayintense as you move farther away

Ripples from a stone being tossed in a pond spread Ripples from a stone being tossed in a pond spread farther out and progressively become less intensefarther out and progressively become less intense

As energy moves out it travels in wave fronts As energy moves out it travels in wave fronts which increase in size causing them to spread which increase in size causing them to spread the energy out over a larger area.the energy out over a larger area.

Page 10: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Vibrations and WavesVibrations and Waves

Most waves are caused by a vibrating object.Most waves are caused by a vibrating object. For example, when you speak, vocal cords in For example, when you speak, vocal cords in

your throat move back and forth causing the air your throat move back and forth causing the air in your throat to vibrate.in your throat to vibrate.

The vibrations create sound waves that travel The vibrations create sound waves that travel out and eventually strike our eardrums.out and eventually strike our eardrums.

In the inner ear, the vibrations trigger certain In the inner ear, the vibrations trigger certain frequency specific sensory cells that send frequency specific sensory cells that send impulses to the brain that are interpreted as impulses to the brain that are interpreted as sound.sound.

Page 11: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Anatomy of the EarAnatomy of the Ear

Page 12: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Transverse and Longitudinal Transverse and Longitudinal WavesWaves

Waves are often classified by the direction that Waves are often classified by the direction that the particles in the medium move as the wave the particles in the medium move as the wave passes by.passes by.

A transverse wave is a wave that causes the A transverse wave is a wave that causes the particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicular particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels.to the direction that the wave travels. A transverse wave may be modeled by snapping a A transverse wave may be modeled by snapping a

jump rope up and watching the wave travel down the jump rope up and watching the wave travel down the rope horizontally as the particles that make up the rope horizontally as the particles that make up the rope move verticallyrope move vertically

Light also travels as a transverse waveLight also travels as a transverse wave

Page 13: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Transverse and Longitudinal Transverse and Longitudinal WavesWaves

A longitudinal wave is a wave that causes A longitudinal wave is a wave that causes the particles of the medium to vibrate the particles of the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels.parallel to the direction the wave travels. A spring is useful for demonstrating a A spring is useful for demonstrating a

longitudinal wave as energy passes through longitudinal wave as energy passes through it, the metal that makes up the spring vibrates it, the metal that makes up the spring vibrates in the same direction as the wave travelsin the same direction as the wave travels

Sound also travels in longitudinal wavesSound also travels in longitudinal waves

Page 14: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Transverse and Longitudinal Transverse and Longitudinal WavesWaves

Page 15: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical
Page 16: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Ocean WavesOcean Waves

Waves on the ocean or in a pool are Waves on the ocean or in a pool are surface waves.surface waves.

Surface waves occur on the boundary Surface waves occur on the boundary between two different mediums.between two different mediums.

The particles in a surface wave move both The particles in a surface wave move both perpendicular and parallel to the direction perpendicular and parallel to the direction of the wave motion.of the wave motion.

Page 17: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

Surface WavesSurface Waves

Page 18: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

ReferencesReferences Anatomy of the Ear - Anatomy of the Ear -

http://www.yungmd.com/images/info_ear_diagrahttp://www.yungmd.com/images/info_ear_diagram.jpgm.jpg

Sound Wave - Sound Wave - http://www.uq.edu.au/_School_Science_Lessonhttp://www.uq.edu.au/_School_Science_Lessons/26.1.1z.GIFs/26.1.1z.GIF

Electromagnetic Spectrum - Electromagnetic Spectrum - http://universe.nasa.gov/be/library/EM_Spectrumhttp://universe.nasa.gov/be/library/EM_Spectrum3-new.jpg3-new.jpg

Transverse and Longitudinal Waves - Transverse and Longitudinal Waves - http://www.itsscience.com/waves/waves.jpghttp://www.itsscience.com/waves/waves.jpg

Page 19: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Waves Part 1: Types of Waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives  Recognize that waves transfer energy.  Distinguish between mechanical

ReferencesReferences

Direction of Particle Motion - Direction of Particle Motion - http://www.qicomposites.com/images/fig.2.http://www.qicomposites.com/images/fig.2.jpgjpg

Surface Wave - Surface Wave - http://www.pa.uky.edu/~shlosman/anim/suhttp://www.pa.uky.edu/~shlosman/anim/surface_water_waves.gifrface_water_waves.gif