Physical Science

Released SOL Items

According to the graph, which air pollutant decreased the most from 1970 to 1991?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Carbon monoxide

B. Sulfur oxides

C. Particulates

D. Lead

Which of the following could best be used to demonstrate energy being transformed

from electricity to heat?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A magnifying glass

B. A triple beam balance

C. A toaster

D. A gas oven

Insulation materials reduce heat loss because they —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

re p

oor c

onduct

ors

blo

ck o

ut the

sun

redu

ce e

vapor

atio

n

pro

mote

con

vect

ion

25% 25%25%25%A. are poor conductors

B. block out the sun

C. reduce evaporation

D. promote convection

Which process is a physical change?

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21 22 23 24 25

Rust

ing ir

on

Burn

ing c

oal

Tar

nishin

g silv

er

Mel

ting

ice

25% 25%25%25%A. Rusting iron

B. Burning coal

C. Tarnishing silver

D. Melting ice

Water stored behind a dam is anexample of what type of energy?

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21 22 23 24 25

Kin

etic

Pote

ntial

Sola

r

Chem

ical

25% 25%25%25%A. Kinetic

B. Potential

C. Solar

D. Chemical

In the diagram, what essential part of an electric circuit is missing at position X?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Load

B. On/off switch

C. Wires

D. Source of electric current

Which of the following has the leasteffect on lake water temperature?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 T

he dep

th o

f the

water

The

angle

of i

ncom

i..

The

number

of f

ish in

...

The

lake

’s s

urface

are

a

25% 25%25%25%A. The depth of the water

B. The angle of incoming sun rays

C. The number of fish in the lake

D. The lake’s surface area

Which of these experimental designs would best test this hypothesis?

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25% 25%25%25%

Hypothesis: The addition of a fertilizer to soil will increase plant growth.

A. B.

C. D.

Which animal has a life span closest to that of sheep?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Dog

B. Cat

C. Horse

D. Cow

When a base is mixed with an acidicsolution, neutralization occurs because

the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 b

ase

reac

hes a

bsolu

..

aci

d ev

apora

tes

bas

e ch

emic

ally

reac

..

mas

s of t

he s

olut

ion ..

.

25% 25%25%25%

A. base reaches absolute zero

B. acid evaporates

C. base chemically reacts with the acid

D. mass of the solution increases

Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 M

echa

nical

ener

gy

Chem

ical

ener

gy

Ele

ctric

al e

nergy

Nucl

ear e

nergy

25% 25%25%25%A. Mechanical energy

B. Chemical energy

C. Electrical energy

D. Nuclear energy

What type of energy does the windmill use to do work?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Mechanical

B. Nuclear

C. Chemical

D. Electrical

Which of these would be the best way to prove that a pine stick is more flexible than an oak

stick?

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25% 25%25%25%A.B.

C. D.

Because zinc can combine with othersubstances but cannot be changed into a

simpler substance by an ordinary chemical process, zinc is classified as —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a c

ompo

und

a m

ixtu

re

an e

lem

ent

an a

cid

25% 25%25%25%A. a compound

B. a mixture

C. an element

D. an acid

Which of the following is a true statement about the magnetic field between two magnets?

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25% 25%25%25%A. The south pole of one magnet is

attracted to the south pole of the other magnet.

B. The south pole of one magnet is attracted to the north pole of the other magnet.

C. The north pole of one magnet is attracted to the north pole of the other magnet.

D. The south pole of one magnet is attracted to both poles of the other magnet.

According to the chart, on whichplanet would a ball fall the fastest?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Earth

B. Jupiter

C. Neptune

D. Saturn

In the chemical formula for ammonia, NH3, what does the subscript 3

represent?

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25% 25%25%25%A. The number of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia

B. The number of hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia

C. The number of ammonia molecules that will bond together

D. The number of nitrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia

An electric light bulb is hot to thetouch because —

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21 22 23 24 25 c

urren

t pas

sing

thro

u..

its

mag

netic

fiel

d pr..

.

eva

poratio

n cau

ses

..

its

chem

ical

reac

tion.

..

25% 25%25%25%A. current passing through it

produces heat

B. its magnetic field produces a large amount of heat

C. evaporation causes an object to heat up

D. its chemical reactions produce heat

Which instrument would mostaccurately and precisely determine

the mass of a toy car?

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25% 25%25%25%A. An electronic light meter

B. A spring scale

C. A triple-beam balance

D. A graduated cylinder

The diagram below shows a block fromthe periodic table. The number six

represents the —

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25% 25%25%25%A. atomic mass of the element carbon

B. atomic number of the element carbon

C. number of neutrons in the element carbon

D. number of valence electrons in the element carbon

Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same experiment. One student gathers all the data from her

classmates and summarizes the results of the experiment for the class. She compares the data she

personally recorded with the class data. Which of these might indicate to her that her results are valid?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Three other classes performed the same experiment.

B. The same experiment was repeated two years in a row.

C. Many other students recorded data similar to hers.

D. Another student in her class reached a different conclusion.

Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on roses. The thrip population changes shown in the

graph below are probably caused by —

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25% 25%25%25%A. increases in

human population

B. a major climatic change

C. seasonal changes

D. increased use of insecticides

A mixture of iron filings and sulfur can easily be separated by —

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21 22 23 24 25 p

laci

ng th

e m

ixtu

re i.

..

per

form

ing a

chem

ica.

..

hea

ting th

e m

ixtu

re

usi

ng a

mag

net

25% 25%25%25%A. placing the mixture in

water

B. performing a chemical reaction

C. heating the mixture

D. using a magnet

A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since

Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height of his scale model?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 0.38 m

B. 3.8 m

C. 380 m

D. 3,800 m

According to the data in the table, whichsample of matter is most likely a metal?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Expansion joints such as these are put on bridges because the concrete expands and contracts. This happens when —

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25% 25%25%25%A. chemicals get on the concrete

B. the temperature changes

C. the amount of light changes

D. the concrete gets wet

How far offshore is the deepest point ofthe ocean on this graph?

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A. 0 m

B. 5000 m

C. 160 km

D. 240 km

A burning candle is in the process of transforming —

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21 22 23 24 25 h

eat e

nerg

y in

to c

he...

chem

ical

ener

gy in

to ..

.

chem

ical

ener

gy in

t...

chem

ical

ener

gy in

to...

25% 25%25%25%A. heat energy into chemical energy

B. chemical energy into light and heat

C. chemical energy into mechanical energy

D. chemical energy into nuclear energy

Of the states of matter, gas is the only state that —

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21 22 23 24 25

is fl

uid

has

mas

s

is h

ighly

com

pres

sibl

e

has

a d

efin

ite s

hape

25% 25%25%25%A. is fluid

B. has mass

C. is highly compressible

D. has a definite shape

In order to turn on the light, a piece of wire needs to be connected from —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. A to C

B. A to D

C. B to C

D. C to D

Which of these minerals is a carbonate?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Calcite (CaCO3)

B. Galena (PbS)

C. Gypsum (CaSO4)

D. Magnetite (Fe3O4)

The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water. From which position will the most accurate measure of the volume of the

water be made?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Position 1

B. Position 2

C. Position 3

D. Position 4

At what speed would a car have tomove in order to travel 20 kilometers

in two hours?

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25% 25%25%25%A. 5 km/hr

B. 10 km/hr

C. 20 km/hr

D. 40 km/hr

Which of the following is used tomeasure the mass of an object?

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Bal

ance

Met

ric ru

ler

Gra

duated

cyl

inder

Bar

omet

er

25% 25%25%25%

A. Balance

B. Metric ruler

C. Graduated cylinder

D. Barometer

The area that shows the amplitude of the wave is —

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Electric bills are calculated based on the amount of energy consumed. The

consumption is measured in units of —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. newton meters

B. millijoule seconds

C. megavolt minutes

D. kilowatt hours

Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light

energy?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 A

car

bat

tery

cau

ses

...

A c

andle

burn

s an

d li...

A d

ispl

ay o

f fire

wor

ks ..

An a

vala

nche

rolls

d...

25% 25%25%25%A. A car battery causes the headlights to shine.

B. A candle burns and lights up the room.

C. A display of fireworks in the night sky.

D. An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain.

Which of these is best classified as a mixture?

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21 22 23 24 25 C

arbon

dioxi

de

Wat

er S

oil Ir

on

25% 25%25%25%A. Carbon dioxide

B. Water

C. Soil

D. Iron

Which of these belongs in theoutermost shell (energy level) of an

atom?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Electrons

B. Protons

C. Neutrons

D. Photons

The location on the track where the train has the greatest potential energy is —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

Convection is the result of —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 c

urren

ts c

ause

d by

t..

incr

ease

s in

the

densi

..

cold

er p

ortio

ns of l

iq...

the

lack

of h

eat t

rans

fer

25% 25%25%25%A. currents caused by the motion of heated molecules

B. increases in the density of solids

C. colder portions of liquids rising

D. the lack of heat transfer

If you break a piece of glass, the shape of the glass changes, but the properties in

the fragments remain the same. Which of the following has occurred?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A chemical change

B. A temperature change

C. A phase change

D. A physical change

This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected

from the beaches was plastic?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 46%

B. 49%

C. 56%

D. 70%

Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment below. The seeds were placed in a dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of

these is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. The type of seed

B. The amount of water used

C. The number of sprouts

D. The temperature of each dish

A substance made up of two or more elements that have been chemically

combined is called —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. an atom

B. a compound

C. an element

D. a mixture

A proton has which of the followingcharges?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Negative

B. Neutral

C. Positive

D. Magnetic

Which of the following lists the elements in order, from those having the least protons to those

having the most protons in the atoms?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. O, N, B, Li

B. Na, S, Al, Cl

C. O, S, Se, Te

D. Rb, K, Na, Li

Both light bulbs are lit in the circuit below. In order to turn off both lights, a switch

must be installed in the circuit at the place marked —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Calcium metal (Ca) can be produced by passing an electric current through molten

calcium chloride (CaCl2). Chlorine gas (Cl2) is also formed. What is the balanced equation for

this reaction?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 2CaCl → Ca + 2Cl

B. CaCl2 H2O → Ca + ClH + O2

C. CaCl2 + Cl → Ca + Cl3D. CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2

According to this graph, which of these is most important in developing the biomass of these plants?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Nitrates

B. Sulfates

C. Magnesium

D. Iron

Which diagram best shows thereflection of light?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C.D.

The density of an object is dependent upon the object’s mass

and —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. height

B. area

C. volume

D. weight

John and Emily were experimenting with the effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this,

they watered plants daily with the same amount of salt water. They could best improve their

experiment by —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. increasing the amount of salt added to the water each day

B. cooling the salt water before watering the plants

C. adding food color to see how far the salt penetrates the plants

D. watering half the plants with pure water and half with salt water

The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their

tracks here?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 2

B. 4

C. 14

D. 24

Which of these will cause water tochange to ice?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 R

emovi

ng hea

t fro

m t.

.

Stir

ring

the

wat

er

Addin

g sa

lt to

the

water

Putti

ng th

e w

ater

in ..

.

25% 25%25%25%A. Removing heat from the water

B. Stirring the water

C. Adding salt to the water

D. Putting the water in the sunlight

Which of the following elements belongs to the family indicated?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Nitrogen belongs to the halogen family.

B. Helium belongs to the noble gas family.

C. Calcium belongs to the alkali family.

D. Sodium belongs to the alkaline earth family.

Which of these has the greatestnumber of different simple machines?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

The atom is composed of electrons,protons, and neutrons. What is the

electric charge on the neutron?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25-1 1 0 2

25% 25%25%25%A. -1

B. +1

C. 0

D. +2

The distance between one point on acompression and the correspondingpoint on the next compression in a

sound wave is called a —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. wavelength

B. rarefaction

C. crest

D. trough

What is the mass of the rock?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 335.6 g

B. 350.6 g

C. 354.6 g

D. 356.0 g

The picture shows the results of putting a drop of orange ink from a marking pen on a piece of filter paper and allowing the colors in the ink to separate. About how

much farther on the filter paper has the yellow pigmentmoved than the red pigment?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 0.5 cm

B. 1.6 cm

C. 2.7 cm

D. 3.5 cm

Several centuries ago, men called alchemists tried to transform common metals into gold. Even though they tried many different chemical and physical methods,

they never succeeded because —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. they could not heat common metals to

extremely high temperatures

B. the common metals they worked with were not pure

C. they did not add the correct material to the common metal

D. elements cannot be changed to other elements by physical or chemical means

The chart shows the results of an experiment to test the effects of different plant lights on plant seedling growth.

Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in height?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Group 1

B. Group 2

C. Group 3

D. Group 4

Mercury is a liquid metal that is usedin many thermometers. The mercury in

the thermometer rises because it —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. is sucked upward by vacuum

B. expands when heated

C. is compressed by air pressure

D. increases in density when heated

The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible

through the microscope. Each division on the scale represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate

the diameter of the average red blood cell.

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 4—5 micrometers

B. 7—8 micrometers

C. 10—11 micrometers

D. 12—13 micrometers

Ellen noticed that she often sneezes when she visits her friend Robert, who has a cat and a parrot. Ellen

wonders if she may have allergies to Robert’s pets and decides to conduct a scientific investigation. What

should Ellen do next?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Ellen should tell Robert that she cannot

visit him until he gives away his pets.

B. Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse, a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster.

C. Ellen should call her doctor and insist that she needs shots for allergies.

D. Ellen should visit a friend who has only cats and one who has only parrots.

Which of the following is shown in this diagram?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Alternating current

B. Short circuit

C. Series circuit

D. Parallel circuit

Which of the following is a physicalproperty of copper?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 D

uctile

, can

be

draw

n...

Liq

uid a

t roo

m te

mpe.

..

Rea

dily re

acts

with

w...

Rea

dily re

acts

with

...

25% 25%25%25%A. Ductile, can be drawn into a wire

B. Liquid at room temperature

C. Readily reacts with water to form an acid

D. Readily reacts with oxygen

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher

B. A rock sitting on the top of a large hill

C. A pendulum at the top of its swing

D. A new flashlight battery

Many scientists believe that nuclear fusion will become a possible energy source

within the next 10 years. What resource would be most effective in tracking the

progress of this energy source?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 T

he lo

cal n

...

A c

hemic

al ..

.

A p

hysic

s te

...

Sci

entif

ic p

er...

25% 25%25%25%

A. The local newspaper

B. A chemical encyclopedia

C. A physics textbook

D. Scientific periodical

Objects with like charges repel and unlike charges attract. The girl’s hair and the

comb have —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. unlike charges

B. like charges

C. neutral charges

D. no charges

Which of these is a change in chemical composition?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

A la

ke fr

eeze

s so

lid.

Gra

vel,

sand,

and w

at..

A c

opper b

ar is

rolle

d...

Vin

egar

bubble

s w

he...

25% 25%25%25%A. A lake freezes solid.

B. Gravel, sand, and water are mixed.

C. A copper bar is rolled into a flat sheet.

D. Vinegar bubbles when baking soda is added.

The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to be used on a ramp. Which of these must be done

to provide more meaningful results?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Use the same shoe on each surface

B. Use boards of the same thickness

C. Use the same shoe size for each type of shoe

D. Use shoes with soles designed for sports

At which point is the magnetic fieldthe strongest?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Point 1

B. Point 2

C. Point 3

D. Point 4

Which picture illustrates the structure of a molecule of water?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C.D.

Which of these elements has an atomic number of 14?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. N

B. Al

C. Si

D. P

Tearing paper is an example of a —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 p

hysic

al c

hange

chem

ical

chan

ge

chem

ical

reac

tion

solu

tion

25% 25%25%25%A. physical change

B. chemical change

C. chemical reaction

D. solution

According to the graph, which angle of release would cause the javelin to go the farthest?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. 75°

B. 60°

C. 45°

D. 30°

Which element is an alkali metal?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. K

B. Mg

C. Al

D. Ag

An experiment was set up to measure the distance a snail would travel in 5 minutes.

Which of these rulers should be used to give the most precise measurement?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

Solar cells are used to turn sunlightinto —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

iner

tia

forc

e

mag

netis

m

ele

ctric

ity

25% 25%25%25%A. inertia

B. force

C. magnetism

D. electricity

A wheelbarrow full of concrete mix that needs to be moved onto a platform could be moved

either by lifting it above the ground and setting it onto the platform or by using an inclined plane. The advantage of using the inclined

plane is that the work can be done —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. more quickly

B. with less friction

C. using less force

D. using more energy

The density of this box is —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 0.5 g/cm3

B. 1.0 g/cm3

C. 1.5 g/cm3

D. 2.0 g/cm3

Which property is required of a liquid in order for it to be a good fuel?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

Its

acid

ity

Its

com

bustib

ility

Its

densi

ty

Its

boili

ng poin

t

25% 25%25%25%A. Its acidity

B. Its combustibility

C. Its density

D. Its boiling point

Which of these elements has the greatest average atomic mass?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B

B. C

C. N

D. Al

In the scale model below, one centimeter is equal to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck

lengths away from the model truck. How far away is the mailbox from the truck on the real street?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 5 meters

B. 10 meters

C. 15 meters

D. 20 meters

Which of the following does not usemetric units to measure the density

of a solution?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. 10.5 grams/milliliter

B. 1.56 pounds/fluid ounce

C. 1050 kilograms/cubic meter

D. 1.05 grams/cubic centimeter

According to the scale shown below, what is the approximate length of the baby blue

whale?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 2 meters

B. 4 meters

C. 6 meters

D. 10 meters

Gases are much more compressible than liquids. According to the particle model of

matter, gases are more easily compressed into smaller volumes because the particles in

gases are —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

sm

alle

r

mor

e ac

tive

farth

er a

part

fille

d with

air

25% 25%25%25%A. smaller

B. more active

C. farther apart

D. filled with air

The picture shows how to make an electromagnet. Which of these would make the electromagnet

strongest?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Using a longer wire from the battery to the nail

B. Wrapping the wire around the nail more times

C. Wrapping the wire around a nonmetallic object

D. Making the loops of wire less tightly coiled

Which diagram shows the refraction oflight as it enters water from the air?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

Compounds are made up of more than one element. Which of the

following represents a compound?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. H2

B. NH3

C. O3

D. N2

A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of the water. What would be the dependent (responding) variable?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Amount of water put into a

container

B. Amount of antifreeze added to the water

C. Temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes

D. Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point

In this atomic model, point A represents —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. a proton

B. a nucleus

C. a neutron

D. an electron

A direct electrical current is differentfrom an alternating current becauseonly the direct electrical current —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. produces a high voltage

B. flows without resistance

C. allows the flow of electrons in one direction

D. can be converted to other forms of energy

A battery is placed inside a flashlight and then the flashlight is turned on. The

chemical energy of the battery is changed into all of the following forms

of energy except —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. electrical energy

B. heat energy

C. light energy

D. mechanical energy

Which of the following materials iscomposed of only one kind of atom?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 W

ater

Hel

ium

Air

Sugar

25% 25%25%25%A. Water

B. Helium

C. Air

D. Sugar

A solution may be prepared bydissolving crystals of a salt in water.

Which of the following would probablynot affect the rate of solubility?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Reducing the air pressure on the solution

B. Grinding the crystals to make them smaller

C. Stirring the water after adding the crystals

D. Increasing the temperature of the water

Which of these best shows that calciumis different from all other elements?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 It

s po

sitiv

e el

ectri

cal..

.

Its

pres

ence

in m

ilk

Its

num

ber o

f pro

tons

Its

abili

ty to

com

bine

...

25% 25%25%25%A. Its positive electrical

charge

B. Its presence in milk

C. Its number of protons

D. Its ability to combine with oxygen

Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown below, which of the samples will probably float

on top of the oil?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

A. Sample A

B. Sample B

C. Sample C

D. Sample D

25% 25%25%25%

A student wishes to measure the massof an object. Which instrument would

be most useful?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Triple beam balance

B. Graduated cylinder

C. Metric ruler

D. Erlenmeyer flask

Which type of energy change is occurring in the pictures below?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Mechanical energy to chemical energy

B. Potential energy to kinetic energy

C. Chemical energy to heat energy

D. Solar energy to nuclear energy

The picture shows the growth curve of a bacterial population. According to this

information, the bacterial population doubles every —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 3 minutes

B. 20 minutes

C. 30 minutes

D. 60 minutes

Which of these uses the force of gravity to make it move?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 A

sai

lboat

movi

ng a

c...

A c

ar m

akin

g a ri

ght turn

A s

now sle

d goin

g ...

A b

icyc

le ro

lling to

a ..

.

25% 25%25%25%A. A sailboat moving across a lake

B. A car making a right turn

C. A snow sled going downhill

D. A bicycle rolling to a stop

A student wanted to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of water. The student found that pure water froze at 0°C, while the water/antifreeze mixture

froze at 20°C. In order to confirm the results, the student should repeat the experiment using —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

con

tain

er o

...

a d

iffer

ent .

..

a d

iffer

ent .

..

exa

ctly

the

...

25% 25%25%25%A. a container of a different size

B. a different amount of antifreeze

C. a different amount of water

D. exactly the same set-up as the first experiment

This experiment was set up to test thehypothesis that plants grow faster in green

light. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Type of plant

B. Amount of water

C. Color of light

D. Size of pot

Which of the following elements has16 protons?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Oxygen

B. Chlorine

C. Sulfur

D. Germanium

A student predicts that more sugar willdissolve in warm water than in cold water. She

puts some water in a container, adds sugar, and then stirs. The amount of undissolved sugar is then observed. When this student

repeats the experiment to verify her prediction, the only thing that should change is the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

mou

nt of .

..

tem

perat

ure...

am

ount o

f ...

am

ount o

f ...

25% 25%25%25%

A. amount of water used

B. temperature of the water

C. amount of sugar used

D. amount of time stirring

Which of the following molecules does not contain three atoms?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 O

3 N

2 H

2O C

O2

25% 25%25%25%A. O3

B. N2

C. H2O

D. CO2

A student conducted an experiment on plant growth that required adding about one cupful of liquid fertilizer to several plants each week. In order to accurately measure the fertilizer givento each plant, the fertilizer volume should be

measured in —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. cubic meters

B. milliliters

C. cubic feet

D. kiloliters

Consumers of electrical energy arebilled according to how much energy they

use. The unit most commonly used for measuring electrical energy consumption

is the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

mill

ivolt

ohm

met

er

new

ton-

met

er

kilo

watt-h

our

25% 25%25%25%

A. millivolt

B. ohmmeter

C. newton-meter

D. kilowatt-hour

Which of these cannot be separated into its parts by an ordinary chemical

or physical process?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A mixture of salts (NaCl, KI)

B. A compound of nitrogen (NH3)

C. An atom of carbon (C)

D. An acid of chlorine (HCl)

A student determined the mass andvolume of a gold ring. What physical

property of the gold can be determinedusing these two measurements?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Its reactivity

B. Its expansion rate

C. Its density

D. Its melting point

Which of these best shows particles in a mixture?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

Which of the following orientations ofmagnets would result in the greatestattraction between the two magnets?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

The Earth is warmed by solar energy. How is this energy transferred from

the sun to the Earth?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Radiation

B. Convection

C. Conduction

D. Ultrasonic

An example of kinetic energy continuously being changed to potential energy and

back again might be —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. a girl swinging on a swing

B. a train moving down a track

C. electric charges moving in a straight path

D. a plate sitting on the edge of a table

A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which method should scientists use to determine the best

dosage of this new medication?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Use people of many different ages as test

subjects

B. Have the test subjects eat a wide variety of foods with the medication

C. Change the times the medication is given to determine if timing affects bleeding

D. Vary only the dosages of the medication while keeping everything else constant

In an experiment combining vinegarand baking soda, gas is given off. In

this chemical reaction, the vinegar andbaking soda are —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Reactants

B. Products

C. Elements

D. suspensions

A wheel-and-axle is a lever that rotatesaround a fixed point. All of the following

machines employ a wheel-and-axle except a —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. bicycle

B. skateboard

C. pencil sharpener

D. crowbar

As a supplement to some diets, iron istaken in tablet form. The mass of iron

in these tablets is often measured in —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. milliliters

B. calories

C. centimeters

D. milligrams

Between points 4 and 5, energy isbeing used to change water from a —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. solid to a liquid

B. solid to a gas

C. liquid to a gas

D. liquid to a solid

Which drawing shows a circuit thatwill cause the light to come on?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

A compound is a molecule made up ofatoms from at least two elements. Which of the following gases is a compound?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Ozone (O3)

B. Oxygen (O2)

C. Methane (CH4)

D. Nitrogen (N2)

Which of these correctly shows how alight ray is reflected from a mirror?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

This flashlight uses three different forms of energy. Which of these shows the energy

changes in the correct order?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Mechanical → heat → chemical

B. Heat → chemical → light

C. Electrical → mechanical → chemical

D. Chemical → electrical → light

Because it can be transported easilyand converted into other forms of

energy, the energy form mostcommonly used in households is —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 chem

ical

nucl

ear

hea

t

ele

ctric

al

25% 25%25%25%A. chemical

B. nuclear

C. heat

D. electrical