Physical Science ~ Grade 7

Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10

Chapter 2-Standards of Measurement

History of SI/Metric System

• SI/Metric Units are a system of measurement based on units of 10.

• This system was developed in 1960.

SI/Metric Units and SymbolsQuantity Measured Unit Symbol

Length Meter m

Mass Gram g

Time Second s

Volume of Liquid Liter l

Temperature Kelvin k

Vocabulary Terms and Equipment

• Length-the distance between 2 points

• Mass-measure of the matter in an object

• Time-interval between events

More Vocabulary Terms

• Volume-amount of space occupied by a liquid

• Temperature-amount of kinetic energy in an object

• Density-mass per unit volume of a material

SI/Metric Conversions TableKilo Hecto Deka UNIT Deci Centi Milli

King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk

/1000 /100 /10 X 10 X 100 X 1000

km hm dam Meter dm cm mm

kl hl dal Liter dl cl ml

kg hg dag Gram dg cg mg

.001 kg .01 hg .1 dag 1 g 10 dg 100 cg 1000 mg

Graphing

• Line Graph-shows trends or how data changes over time (ex. Stock market)

Graphing

• Bar Graph-compares information collected by counting

Graphing is finally done!

• Circle/Pie Graph-used to show a fixed quantity broken into parts

Resources- Chapter 2

http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/default.aspx

www.brainpop.com

Chapters 3, 4, 5, & 6

Force & MotionAcceleration

Chapter 3 Vocabulary

• Speed- rate of change in position

• Instantaneous Speed- rate of motion at any given instant

• Average Speed- speed that is constantly changing

• Constant Speed- speed that does not vary

Chapter 3 Vocabulary

• Velocity- describes both speed and direction of an object• Acceleration- rate of change of velocity• Force- push or pull on an object • Net Force- changes the velocity of an object• Balanced Force- forces equal in size and opposite in

direction• Unbalanced force- force is greater on one side

Phew… Chapter 3 Vocabulary is over!

• Friction- force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other

• Weight- measure of gravitational pull on an object

• Gravity- every object exerts a force on every other object

If your weight on Earth is 100 lbs…

Vector Extra: Determine the formula for calculating your weight on the moon.

Newton’s Laws of Motion

FIRST LAW OF MOTION: An object in motion/at rest remains in motion/at rest until a

net force acts on it.

AKA: LAW OF INERTIA

SECOND LAW OF MOTION: The force of an object is equal to its mass

times acceleration.

AKA: F = M x A

THIRD LAW OF MOTION: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

AKA: ACTION/REACTION

Slow Flyer Lab!Problem:

Can you design a “slow flying” paper airplane?

Hypothesis:My plane will fly _______ meters in _______ seconds.

Materials: stopwatch/timer calculator meter stick paper

Data/Test Hypothesis:1. Design “slow flyer”2. Fly plane3. Record distance & time4. Calculate velocity

Conclusion: Did you support your hypothesis?

Slow & Steady

Chapter 4 Vocabulary• Air Resistance- force air exerts that is

opposite in direction

• Terminal Velocity- highest velocity reached by a falling object

• Projectile- anything thrown or shot through the air

• Centripetal Force- force acting toward the center of a curved or circular path

Directions of Motion

Horizontal Motion- motion parallel to earths surface

Vertical Motion- motion perpendicular to earths surface

Resources- Chapters 3 & 4

www.physics4kids.com

http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/louviere/Newton/

Chapter 5 Vocabulary• Energy- ability to cause change (do work)• Work- transfer of energy through motion

Force x Distance = Work

• Kinetic Energy- energy in motion• Potential Energy- stored energy

• Thermal Energy- Heat Energy• Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the

environment

Chapter 6 Vocabulary • Conduction- transfer of energy or

particles Direct contact

• Convection- heat through currents Bulk movement

• Radiation- transfer of energy in waves

Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Insulators- do not allow heat to easily move through them

Are you down?

MORE… Chapter 6 Vocabulary Sweat/Evaporation- liquid to gas

Humidity/Condensation- gas to liquid

Chapter 8

Solids, Liquids, & Gases

The States of MatterBEC’s Solids Liquids Gases Plasma

Particle Arrangement OR Kinetic Energy

*Least kinetic energy

Close together

Almost as close as solids

Separate from each other

Positive & Negative particles* Most kinetic energy

Volume Yes Yes Yes No No

Shape Yes Yes No No No

Other Bose-Einstein Condensates(in a LAB only!)“Super Cold Blob”

Can’t be squeezed into smaller spaces

Take shape of container

Expand to fill container

Most abundant in the universe

“Super Hot Mass”

Chapter 8 Vocabulary

• Kinetic Theory of Matter- tiny particles are in constant motion

• Thermal Expansion- particles expand when they get hotter, and condense when they cool

• Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the environment

Gas Laws

• Boyle’s Law– Decrease the volume of gas– Increase pressure of gas

• Charles’ Law– Increase the temperature of a gas– Increase volume of gas

Fluid Laws• Archimedes’ Principle

Buoyant force = weight of fluid displaced• “Archimedes Afloat”

• Bernoulli’s Principle– Increase velocity– Decrease pressure

• “Bernoulli for the Birds”

• Pascal’s Principle– Pressure is unchanged throughout a fluid

• “Pascal’s Paste”

Chapter 9

Describing Matter

• Physical Property- color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point

• Physical Change- change in size, shape, or state of matter

• Chemical Property- indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change

• Chemical Change-when substance changes into a different substance

• Law of Conservation of Mass- mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of the substances after the change

Chapter 10 Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

Vocabulary-Periodic Table• Chemical Symbol- abbreviated way to write an element’s name, ex. H for

Hydrogen, He for Helium• Atomic Number-number of protons in an atom• Atomic Mass- equals the number of protons & neutrons in an atom• Isotope- atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons• Groups- Vertical columns have similar properties, noble gases group 18• Periods- Horizontal rows on the table• Metals-left of stair step line, mostly solids at room temp., good

conductors of heat & electricity• Nonmetals- right of stair step line, gases and brittle solids • Metalloids- make up the stair step line, properties of both metals and

nonmetals

Vocabulary-Atomic Model

• Nucleus-positively charged center of an atom, contains most of the mass of the atom

• Proton-positively charged particle in an atom, equal to the atomic number

• Neutron-neutral/no charge particle in an atom• Electron-negatively charged particle outside the

atom , mass considered negligible (so small) it orbits the nucleus in the electron cloud

• Quarks-smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons

Atomic Model Diagram

Websites Ch’s 5-10

• www.chem4kids.com• www.physics4kids.com