12
1 1 0 2 / 1 / 1 1 e c n e i c S l a c i s y h P r e t p a h C 8 1 g n i d n o B d n a s m o t A y r o t s i H n i s l e d o M c i m o t A s u t i r c o m e D d n u o r a , r e h p o s o l i h p k e e r G , m r e t e h t d e s u C B 0 0 4 s o m o t a h c i h w e l b i s i v i d n i s n a e m - o t e l b a k a e r b n u ) m o t a d r o w e h t t e g e w e r e h w ( e b i r c s e d n o t l a D n h o J 8 0 8 1 , o t r a l i m i s y r e v e k i l e r e w s m o t a d i a s s u t i r c o m e D d i l o s s l l a b , n o s m o h T J J 7 9 8 1 m o t a e h t d e b i r c s e d h t i w e r e h p s d e g r a h c y l e v i t i s o p a s a d e d d e b m e s n o r t c e l e d e g r a h c y l e v i t a g e n d e g r a h c y l l a r t u e n a e t a e r c o t e d i s n i a s a d e b i r c s e d n e t f O . e l c i t r a p / w n i f f u m . t u o h g u o r h t d e r e t t a c s s e i r r e b s u t i r c o m e D n o t l a D n h o J n o s m o h T J J

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Page 1: Physical Science Chapter 18 - Mr. E. Sciencemrescience.com/physical_stuff/physical_ppt_chap18.pdf ·  · 2011-07-071/1/2011 1 Physical Science Chapter 18 Atoms and Bonding Atomic

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1

ecneicS lacisyhP

retpahC 81gnidnoB dna smotA

yrotsiH ni sledoM cimotA sutircomeD dnuora ,rehposolihp keerG ,

“ mret eht desu CB 004 somota hcihw ”elbisividni“ snaem - ot ”elbakaerbnu

)”mota“ drow eht teg ew erehw( ebircsed

notlaD nhoJ 8081 , – ot ralimis yrev ekil erew smota dias sutircomeD dilos

sllab

,nosmohT JJ 7981 – mota eht debircsed htiw erehps degrahc ylevitisop a sa

deddebme snortcele degrahc ylevitagen degrahc yllartuen a etaerc ot edisni

a sa debircsed netfO .elcitrap /w niffum.tuohguorht derettacs seirreb

sutircomeD

notlaD nhoJ

nosmohT JJ

Page 2: Physical Science Chapter 18 - Mr. E. Sciencemrescience.com/physical_stuff/physical_ppt_chap18.pdf ·  · 2011-07-071/1/2011 1 Physical Science Chapter 18 Atoms and Bonding Atomic

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drofrehtuR 1191 , – s’notlaD denifer ytpme yltsom si mota detats & yroeht

eht dna ecaps ylevitagen degrahc snortcele ylmodnar tibro eht ylevitisop

degrahc suelcun .

rhoB 3191 , – nortcele diaS TON modnar ni tub sreyal cificeps ygrene ro

.slevel ygrene ni gnisaercnI rehtraf ehtsuelcun eht morf

kciwdahC 2391 , – fo ssam eht dezilaer eht ot dnopserroc t’ndid smota eht

eH .ledom s’rhoB yb detseggus ssam denimreted dna nortuen eht derevocsid

eht htiw suelcun eht ni erew yeht snotorp

yroehT nredoM tneserp , – swohs cificeps tub stibro ni ton snortcele

sduolc fo level nwo rieht gnivah hcae , ygrene

yrotsiH ni sledoM cimotA

drofrehtuR tsenrE

slieN rhoB

motA na fo straP snortcele erom ro eno yb dednuorrus suelcun a fo stsisnoc mota nA era smotA lartuen yllacirtcele eht /w snotorp fo rebmun emas

snortcele sa . si mota eht fo ytirojaM ecaps ytpme a fo ezis eht erew suelcun fI .

!yawa sdray 001 eb dluow nortcele tsesolc eht ,resare licnep selcitraP cimotabuS

– snotorP– snortueN– snortcelE

dekcap ylthgiT :suelcuN snortueN & snotorP

suelcun gnitibrO snortcelE @ deeps %1 !!thgil fo

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ssaM cimotA ?”hgiew“ mota na seod hcum woH ?mota na fo ssam eht si tahW ”ssam“ yletarucca ot gib oooot yaW .…marG eht si ssam rof tinU IS

mota na )tinu ssam cimota( UMA na ,tinu wen /w pu emaC notorP 1 fo ssam = UMA 1 selcitrap cimotabus fo ssam

– UMA 1 = notorP– UMA 1 = nortueN– UMA 5000. = nortcelE

ssaM cimotA htob fo # latot eht = snotorP snortueN & mota eht ni– evah yeht ecnis snortcele eht fo ssam eht tuoba yrrow t’nod ew (

)ssam on tsomla

rebmuN cimotA :noitinifed yB

– snotorP fo rebmun eht = rebmuN cimotA ehT eht ni tneserpmota na fo suelcun

tnereffid a sah elbaT cidoireP eht ni tnemelE hcaE a sah tnemele hcae erofereht ,snotorP fo rebmun

.rebmun cimota ,euqinu ,tnereffid

cidoireP eht gnidaer nehW sah tnemele hcae eciton elbat

lobmys rettel 2 ro 1 euqinu a rebmun ”llams“ & ”gib“ dna

detsil

“ llamS si rebmun ” eht syawla # cimota ,

rebmun eht eroferehttneserp snotorp fo

“ egraL si rebmun ” eht syawla ssaM cimotA

latot eht su sllet hcihw & snotorP htob fo #

tneserp snortueN

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egrahC cimotA lacirtcelE egrahc lacirtcelE – egrahc lartuen a evah smota lla

– )egrahc lacirtcele ten orez a ( P a evah snotor p egrahc lacirtcele )+( evitiso tueN a evah snor tuen egrahc lacirtcele )0( lar ( evitagen a evah snortcelE - egrahc lacirtcele ) ”+“ 01( snotorP 01 evah uoy fi ,)lartuen( 0 si egrahc lacirtcele ten eht ecniS

“ 01 eb tsum ereht neht )segrahc - ot tneserp )snortcele 01( segrahc ”.mota eht tuo ecnalab

eht wonk uoy sa gnol sa ,eroferehT ,# cimotA eht wonk uoy snotorP fo # eht osla dna snortcelE fo # !!

:elpmaxe roF

sah erofereht ti ,6 fo # cimota na sah nobraC ,6+ fo egrahc lacirtcele na sah hcihw snotorP 6

evitagen 6 deen ew lartuen mota eht ekam ot eht gnitibro snortcele 6 eht ni dnuof segrahc

.suelcun

snortcelE ecnelaV

gninnips sduolc/stibro cificeps ni dnuof era snortcelEsuelcun eht dnuora

ecnelaV snortcele eht ni detacol snortcele eht era tsomretuo duolc/tibro

elbats emoceb stnemelE :nehw rieht tibro retuo

ro snortcele 8 sniatnoc semoceb tibro retuo rieht

ytpme

eht wohs smargaiD toD siweLsnortcelE ecnelaV fo #

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stibrO nortcelE – sleveL ygrenE :deman era stibrO

s7,f6,d6,p6,s6,f5,d5,p5,s5,f4,d4,p4,s4,d3,p3,s3,p2,s2,s1 ?tibro bus hcae snortcele ni ynam woH

– snortcele 2 dloh stibro bus S– snortcele 6 dloh stibro bus P– snortcele 01 dloh stibro bus D– snortcele 41 dloh stibro bus F

desu redro eht s’ereH tnereffid eht llif ot

slevel ygrenes1 tsewol eht si

eht dna level ygrene ,dellif tsrif f5 eht si

tsal eht dna tsehgih.dellif eb ot eno

snortcelE ecnelaV rebmun eht enimreted ylisae ot degnarra si osla elbaT cidoireP ruO

:sah mota na snortcele ecnelav fo eht seifitnedi laremun namoR eht ,s’# puorg ”A“ eht ta gnikool yB

!puorg eritne eht rof snortcele ecnelav fo #

…ooooS

nortcele ecnelav 1 evah slateM ilaklA ehT

snortcele ecnelav 2 evah slateM htraE enilaklA ehT

snortcele ecnelav 3 sah ylimaF noroB ehT

snortcele ecnelav 4 sah ylimaF nobraC ehT

snortcele ecnelav 5 sah ylimaF negortiN ehT

snortcele ecnelav 6 evah snegolahC ehT

eht dna snortcele ecnelav 7 evah snegolaH ehT

snortcle ecnelav 8 evah sesaG elboN

eht wohs smargaiD toD siweLsnortcelE ecnelaV fo #

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?ereht era snortueN ynam woH :rebmemeR

– ehT snotorP fo # eht = # cimotA– ehT snortueN & snotorP htob fo # ehT = ssam cimotA .– )snotorP fo rebmun eht( # cimotA eht tcartbus uoy fi ,eroferehT

)snortueN & snotorP htob fo rebmun eht( ssam cimotA eht morf!!snortueN fo rebmun eht eb tsum revo tfel si tahw

:nobraC /w elpmaxE roF

ssaM cimotA - snortueN # = # cimotA

6 # cimotA ,21 = ssaM cimotA

21 – 6 = 6

snortuen 6 era ereht eroferehTsuelcun nobraC eht ni tneserp

eveileb t’nod uoy fI rof tnuoc tsuj …em

.flesruoy

sdnoB lacimehC A dnob lacimehc snortcele ecnelav nehw smota owt neewteb smrof

meht neewteb evom sdnob lacimehc fo sepyt niam owT

– sdnoB tnelavoC snortcele ecnelav nehw smota neewteb rucco : era derahs .

– sdnoB cinoI era snortcele ecnelav nehw rucco : derrefsnart( nelots smota neewteb )

– era smota neewteb dnob fo epyt driht A sdnob negordyh

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seportollA & sepotosIsnortuen fo srebmun tnereffid evah nac tnemele emas eht fo smotA

eht yhw s’taht ,yrav semitemos lliw mota na ni snortueN fo rebmun ehT eht ,negordyH roF .rebmun neve na ton si stnemele eht fo ssam cimota

1 evah emos tub ,snortuen 0 evah negordyH fo smota tsoM .800.1 si ssam.snortuen 2 evah lliw wef yrev yrev a dna nortuen

meht fo lla tsomla taht dnif uoy smota negordyH fo snoillirt ”hgiew“ uoy nehW dna nortuen 1 evah lliw smota eht fo lareves & ,snortueN yna evah ton lliw

.snortueN 2 evah lliw 2 ro 1 ebyam ,elpmas ruoy ni smota negordyH eht fo lla fo egareva na ekat ot erew uoy fI 800.1 eb dna tneserp sepotosI tnereffid eht tcelfer dluow ssam cimota eht

.s’UMA

veeledneM irtimD - 9681

aissuR ,airebiS ni nrob saw veeledneM7091 ni deid eH .4381 raey eht ni

eht ta yrtsimehC fo rosseforp a saw eH.ytisrevinU grubsreteP .tS

– woh stneduts sih ot nialpxe ot gniyrT detrats eh ,seitreporp ralimis dah stnemele

dna swor otni stnemele eht gnizinagrosnmuloc

evah stnemele emos taht devresbo eHseitreporp lacisyhp & lacimehc ralimis

dezinagro saw elbat cidoirep tsrif ehTssam cimota yb

– ot derapmoc erew sessam ehT tnemele nwonk tsethgil eht ,negordyH

.emit eht ta

si elbaT cidoireP nredom ehTrebmun cimotA yb dezinagro

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stnemelE eht gnizinagrO gnisaercni yb tuo dial si elbat cidoirep ehT rebmun cimota elbat eht nwod dna ssorca og uoy sa

sesaercni # cimotA

ses

aerc

ni #

cimo

tA

seilimaF & spuorG ,sdoireP

swoR era sdoireP

era erehT sdoireP derebmun 7 dna spuorG derebmun 811 ,syaw 2 ni deman era seilimaF ts ,nmuloc eht ni tnemele pot eht retfa

.oP & eT ,eS ,S ,O sniatnoc ylimaF negyxO ehT2 dn ( .seman ”noihsaf dlo“ rieht /w si meht eman ot yaw )edils txen ees

seilimaF & spuorG spuorG 81 era ereht ,snmuloc lacitrev ni era

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deeN“ - ot - seilimaF wonKseilimaF niatrec fo ”semaN noihsaF dlO“

slateM ilaklA

slateM htraE enilaklA

sesaG elboN

snegolaH

snegolahC

deeN eroM - ot - swonK

slateM noitisnarT

stnemelE htraE eraR – slateM noitisnarT rennI AKA

sedinitcA

sedinahtnaL

Page 10: Physical Science Chapter 18 - Mr. E. Sciencemrescience.com/physical_stuff/physical_ppt_chap18.pdf ·  · 2011-07-071/1/2011 1 Physical Science Chapter 18 Atoms and Bonding Atomic

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gnidnoB cinoI owt ro nortcele dna sesol ro sniag mota na nehW

degrahc A .egrahc lartuen a evah regnol on yeht”noI“ na dellac si mota

ylevitagen ti sekam snortcele artxe /w noI nAnoinA na siht ,degrahc

ti sekam snortcele naht snotorp erom /w noI nA.noitaC a dellac si & degrahc ylevitisop

( a ot detcartta si )noitac( noi ”+“ A - tsuj )noina( noi ) rehto hcae ot detcartta era stengam owt ekil

na mrof yeht rehtegot hguone esolc teg snoi nehW dnob lacimehc – !dnoB cinoI na

gniD -a- gniD !gniL -a- !gniL latemnon a dna latem A

sdnoB cinoI mrof lliw dednob yllacimehc nehw

!!rehtegot

sdnuopmoc cinoI gnimaN.1 deman si latem ehT

tsrif.2 na si noina eht fI

sti fo dne eht ,tnemele degnahc si eman it

“ edi ”.3 snoi cimotayloP

rieht peek yllaususeman

KTN - snoi ”cimotayloP“OCH 3

-1 etanobraciBON 3- etartiN 1

O-2 edixOOS 4

-2 etafluSOC 3

-2 etanobraC

gnidnoB tnelavoC ,”derahs“ era snortcele ecnelav nehW

demrof era sdnob tnelavoc cinoI naht rekaew yllareneg era yehT

sdnob si mrof nac mota na sdnob fo rebmun ehT

ot dedeen snortcele fo rebmun eht ot lauqesnortcele ecnelav 8 deriuqer eht hcaer

muileH ekil eb ot 1 ylno sdeen negordyH.tibro ”S“ sti sllif dna 2 sah taht

gniD -a- gniD !gniL -a- !gniL slatemnon erom ro owT sdnoB tnelavoC mrof lliw dednob yllacimehc nehw

!!rehtegot

nac nobraCsdnob 4 mrof

nac enirolhCdnob 1 mrof

nac negyxOsdnob 2 mrof

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ralopnoN sdnoB tnelavoC - snortcele fo gnirahs lauqE sdnoB tnelavoC raloP – snortcele fo gnirahs lauqenu na smota rehto naht snortcele derahs eht no regnorts llup smota emoS

– degrahc ylevitagen erom emoceb yeht dna smota eseht ot resolc evom snortcele esehT– degrahc ylevitisop ylthgils emoceb morf yawa evom snortcele derahs eht taht mota ehT

ro raloP ralopnoN gnidnoB tnelavoC

edirolhcarteT nobraC

sdnoB negordyH negordyh a fo ecrof evitcartta kaew ehT

fo trap degrahc ylevitagen a dna mota .mota/elucelom rehtona

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!skrauQ.…terces elttil a s’ereH snotorP dna snortueN rellams otni nekorb eb nac

!skrauq dellac selcitrap latnemele skrauQ – cimotabus fo skcolb gnidliub eht

os ,sriap 3 ni emoc ”SROVALF“ esehT .selcitrap ,poT ,nwoD ,pU :skrauq tnereffid 6 era ereht

egnartS dna demrahC ,mottoB A krauq UMA 3/1 fo ssam a sah nA krauq pU a dna egrahc evitisop 3/2 a sah nwoD

krauq egrahc evitagen 3/1 a sah 1 dna skrauq ”pu“ 2 fo pu edam si notorp A

krauq ”nwod“ ”pU“ 1 dna skrauq ”nwoD“ 2 fo edam si nortuen A

.krauq

nortueN ehT

notorP ehT

yratnemele na osla si nortcele ehT a sah & ”notpeL“ a sa nwonk elcitrap

krauq a fo taht 216/1 ssam

oN saM !! oN saM !!

!!enod eb eW