Physical Sciencehollandscience.weebly.com/.../ps_sem2_final_review_… · Web viewDo not bring electronic devices to the exam. This includes cell phones and mp3 players. If I see

Physical ScienceSemester 2 Final Exam Study Guide

The final exam will be all multiple-choice/matching. Come prepared with a pencil.

The exam is worth 15% of your final semester grade. Do not bring electronic devices to the exam. This includes cell phones and

mp3 players. If I see them I will take them. No questions. Bring your OWN CALCULATOR. I will not give you one. There will be no rest room passes until you are done with the test.

This study guide will be 3% extra credit toward your final exam grade. BRING A PENCIL AND CALCULATOR!!! Don’t come to my final without one.

I will not give you one.

“Success is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success.”

Keys to success:o Complete this study guide.o Don’t wait until Tuesday or Wednesday before finals to get help.o Start studying early. Remember, you have all summer to relax.o Be prepared.o Make flash cards for definitions and key concepts.

Final exam main topics:

The metric system and measurement Motion + Speed Force and gravity

Work and Power Simple Machines Energy Electricity and Circuits

Final Exam ScheduleFind your class period and time. DO NOT be late. You will not be compensated for time you are late and your name will be turned into the office. There is NO excuse to miss the final exam.

Thursday, May 24 Friday, May 25

8:10-9:40 Period 3 8:10-9:40 Period 19:50-11:20 Period 4 9:50-11:20 Period 211:20-12:15 Lunch 11:20-12:15 Lunch12:20-1:50 Period 5 12:20-1:50 Period 62:00-3:30 Period 7 2:00-3:30 Period 8 Make ups

Measurement and the Metric System

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kilo-(k)

1000hecto-

(h)100

deka-(dk)10

BaseUnit deci-

(d)1/10

centi-(c)

1/100milli-(m)

1/1000

Directions: For each problem below, write the correct property being measured in the blank next to the measurement given. Answers may be used more than once, only once, or not at all.

time temperaturemass length

1) 100 sec 2) 56 km3) 7,624 mg 4) 0.065 hr

5) 32.5C 6) 45.3 cm

Directions: For each question, compare the two measurements. Circle the larger measurement for each pair..

4. 3.6 m or 36 cm 6. 1 km or 100 m

5. 580 mm or 5.8 m

Graphing

7. The two variables that are labeled on a graph are the ______ & ______.Page 2 of 22

a. Independent, dependentb. Dependent, constantc. Independent, markedd. Dependent, data

8. An independent variable is one that e. A person takes data on.f. Does not matter to the experiment.g. A person sets up or chooses before the experiment begins.h. Is labeled on the y-axis of a graph.

9. A dependent variable is one thati. Is labeled on the y-axis.j. A person takes data on.k. Changes during the experiment.l. All of the above.

Example Graphing QuestionI run the experiment and graph the data on Power vs. height

Power vs. Height

Height (m) Power (W).25 .25.50 .33.75 .381.0 .441.25 .50

10. As the

height of the ramp increases, what happened to the power used?a. increased c. decreased

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Power vs. Height

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Height (m)

Pow

er (W

)

Series1Linear (Series1)

b. stayed the same d. not enough information

11. If you set the ramp at 0.7 m, and tested the power, what result would you expect?a. 0.35 W c. 0.7 mb. 0.55 W d. not enough information

12. Determine the slop of the line on the graph above.

Motion

13. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct information for time, distance and speed.

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Definition Units Variable (abbreviation)

Equation

Time

Distance

Speed

Acceleration

14. Is the relationship between speed and distance direct OR inverse?

15. Is the relationship between speed and time direct OR inverse?

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16. A goat on wheels moves 62 meters across the barnyard in a time of 12 seconds to eat a bag of popcorn. What is the speed of the goat?Givens Solving For

Equation Substitution Answer with Units

17. A chocolate cake is rolling down a hill at a speed of 4 m/s. How long does it take to roll 195 m?Givens Solving For


18. A child slides down a playground slide a distance of 4 m in 3 seconds. How fast is he sliding?Givens Solving For


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19. How far can a wheel roll in 22 seconds at a speed of 9 m/s?Givens Solving For


20. If an Oreo cookie rolls down a 59 cm table in 2.5 s, how fast is it rolling?Givens Solving For


21. How long does it take Mr. Hoffman to bike 1275 m at the pace of 24 m/s?Givens Solving For


22. The Metra train travels from Mount Prospect to Des Plaines at an average speed of 0.89 km/min. If it is 10 km from station to station, then how long does it take for Mr. Z to make that trip?Givens Solving For


23. You see a Leprechaun running with a pot of gold. You know his tree house is 1423 meters away. If he is running at a speed of 3 m/s, how long will it take him to get there?Givens Solving For

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Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best answers the question.

24. Which of the following do you calculate when you divide total distance traveled by the total travel time?

a. average speedb. constant speedc. variable speedd. instantaneous speed

25. What is the proper unit of speed?

26. What is the proper unit of acceleration?

27. In which of the following conditions does the car NOT accelerate?a. A car moves at 80 km/hr on a flat, straight highway.b. The car slows from 80 km/hr to 35 km/hr.c. The car turns a corner.d. The car speeds up from 35 km/hr to 80 km/hr.

28. Another term for increasing speed is

29. Another term for decreasing speed is

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30. What are the two variables that speed depends on?

31. What are the two variables that acceleration depends on?

32. Is the relationship between acceleration and speed direct OR inverse?

33. Is the relationship between acceleration and time direct OR inverse?

34. What is the acceleration of a Pleasant Valley cross country runner who speeds up from rest (0 m/s) to 8 m/s in two seconds?Givens Solving For


35. What is the deceleration of a Pleasant Valley driver’s education car which slows down from 120 km/hr to 30 km/hr in 30 minutes? (HINT: watch your units!)Givens Solving For


Newton’s Laws of Motion and ForcePage 9 of 22

36. Have you ever been riding in a car when a driver stopped suddenly? How did your body move as the car came to a stop? Did it feel like your body was moving forward? When you felt this happening you experienced Newton’s first law of motion. Newton’s first law of motion says that

37. In the car your body was in motion, traveling at the same speed as the car. When the car stopped suddenly, your body stayed in motion. What would happen if you were not wearing a seatbelt and the car was traveling very fast?

38. This idea is called INERTIA. Explain why your body feels like it is being pushed back when the cars starts to accelerate again:

39. If a ping pong ball and a basketball were both dropped at the same time from the roof of PV, which would hit the ground with a greater force? Explain your answer.

40. Newton stated this relationship in his second law, that

41. List two other situations where Newton’s 2nd Law may apply:

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42. Imagine a rocket is being launched from the earth. Hot gases are pushed out from the bottom of the rocket as the rocket is pushed upward. The force of the gases pushing against the surface of the earth is ________________________ and __________________________ to the force with which the rocket moves upward. The motion of the rocket can be explained by Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:

Law Description/Definition Everyday Example

1st Law of Motion

2nd Law of Motion

3rd Law of Motion

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44. What is a force? _________________________________________________________45. What is friction? _________________________________________________________46. What is gravity? _________________________________________________________47. What is the metric unit for gravity? __________________________________________48. Gravity acts on the mass of an object, causing the object to have ________________.

49. Mrs. Britz pushes a car with a force of 65 N. The force of friction between the wheels and the floor is 15 N. What is the net force Mrs. Britz pushes the cart with? May be answered with a drawing.

50. How can you double the acceleration of an object if you cannot alter the object’s mass?

51. A tennis player runs across the court and into the net with a force of 95 Newtons. What is her acceleration if she has a mass of 70 kg?Givens Solving For


52. A net force of 10 N is applied to an object having a mass of 2 kg. What is the acceleration of the object?Givens Solving For


53. A net force of 20 N is applied to an object having a mass of 2 kg. What is the acceleration of the object?

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Givens Solving For


56. If Jupiter has a gravitational acceleration that is 6 times greater than Earth’s, what is the mass of an object that weighs 248 N on Jupiter?Givens Solving For


Work and Power

57. What is the unit for work? _____________________________________

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58. What is the unit for power? ___________________________________

59. What is the unit for time? ____________________________________

60. What is the value for gravity? ________________________________

61. What is the equation to calculate work? ________________________

62. What is the equation to calculate power? _______________________

63. If you move a box with 100 Newtons of force 10 meters, how much work was done?What are you looking for? Givens


64. If you do 50 Joules of work are done to move a box 5 meters, how much force was used?What are you looking for? Givens


65. Darth Vader unleashed the power of the dark side (727 W) on the unsuspecting Jedi. If he did 1225 J of work, how much time did it take?What are you looking for? Givens


66. If 100 Joules of work are done by lifting a box 1.5 meters then how much mass was the box?What are you looking for? Givens

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Simple Machines

67. As the slope of an inclined plane is increased,

a. the amount of work needed to reach a height decreases.

b. the amount of force needed to reach a height decreases.

c. the amount of distance needed to reach a height increases.

d. the amount of force needed to reach a height increases.

68. A simple machine like a pulley makes work easier by

a. increasing the force needed by increasing the distance.

b. increasing the force needed by decreasing the distance.

c. decreasing the force needed by increasing the distance.

d. decreasing the force needed by decreasing the distance.

69. When you go to the top of a staircase, the most effective way to increase your power is to do what?

70. Which of the following is an example that shows work being done?

a. Pushing against a wall b. Holding up a sack of groceriesc. Pushing a shopping cart in a store d. Sitting in a chair

71. Which of the following levers would require the most force to lift the box? The box is the same weight in each picture, and the arrow shows where force is being applied.

a. b.

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c. d. The force applied is equal in all three examples.

72. List an example of a first-class, second-class, and third-class level. First-class

Second- class

Third-class

73. If you needed to get a grand piano in a third floor apartment, which simple machine would be the most useful?

74. You cannot get a window in your house opened. You have tried everything, but you cannot apply enough force. Which simple machine will help you apply enough force to get it to budge?

Energy

75. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

76.Complete the chart below:Form of Energy What it Means Examples

Mechanical

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Thermal

Chemical

Electromagnetic

Nuclear

77. Explain how each type of energy (other than nuclear) is used in a car.

78. A 2000 kg car is cruising along the road with a velocity of 30 m/s. What is the KE of the car?Givens Solving For


79. What is the potential energy of a 100 kg man that is 20 m above the floor?Givens Solving For


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80. A 0.5 kg bird is flying at a height of 30 m with a speed of 2 m/s.a. What is its potential energy?

Givens Solving For


b. What is its kinetic energy?Givens Solving For


Electricity

81. What is an insulator? What is a conductor?

82. What does it mean to be electrically grounded?

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83. What are the similarities and differences between a series circuit and a parallel circuit? A venn diagram would answer this well.

84. Fill in the following chart about quantities in an electrical circuit:

Quantity Units DefinitionCurrent

Voltage

Resistance

Power

Energy

85. What is the purpose of an electrical switch, like a light switch on your wall?

86. Draw a picture of the schematic symbol for each of the following objects: wire, battery, light bulb, and resistor.

87. Draw a schematic of two bulbs in series, a switch, a resistor, and three batteries in series (all with appropriate wires).

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A B

88. Draw one schematic where no bulbs are on when a switch is open but four bulbs are on when a switch is closed.

89. The rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another is known asa. Powerb. Currentc. Ampsd. time

90. A clock radio has 0.1 amps of current in it, and it used a standard voltage of 120 V. What is the power rating for this radio? Remember: Power = Voltage x Current

91. An iPad 2 uses 5 V and uses 10W of power. How much current (I) is needed to run the iPad?

92. Using the schematic to the right, what will happen to bulb A if bulb B is removed from its socket?

a. Bulb A goes out. b. Bulb A stays lit

Ohm’s LawCurrent = voltage / resistance

93. Using Ohm’s law, what is the current through bulb A?

94. Using the schematic to the right, what will happen to bulb B if bulb C goes out?Page 20 of 22

AB

C

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kilo-(k)

1000hecto-

(h)100

deka-(dk)10

BaseUnit deci-

(d)1/10

centi-(c)

1/100milli-(m)

1/1000

Formula Sheet

Page 22 of 22

Documents

Physical Sciencehollandscience.weebly.com/.../ps_sem2_final_review_… · Web viewDo not bring electronic devices to the exam. This includes cell phones and mp3 players. If I see