Physical Map Requirements Great Rift Valley Nile River and Basin Mt. Kilimanjaro Atlas Mountains Oceans/Seas/Gulf(s) Kalahari Desert Great Rift Valley

Physical Map RequirementsPhysical Map

Requirements

Great Rift ValleyNile River and Basin

Mt. KilimanjaroAtlas Mountains

Oceans/Seas/Gulf(s)Kalahari Desert

Great Rift ValleyNile River and Basin

Mt. KilimanjaroAtlas Mountains

Oceans/Seas/Gulf(s)Kalahari Desert


Requirements• Lake Victoria / Victoria Falls• Sahara Desert• Ethiopian Highlands• Horn of Africa• Cape of Good Hope• Prime Meridian• Equator• Congo River• Congo River Basin

• Lake Victoria / Victoria Falls• Sahara Desert• Ethiopian Highlands• Horn of Africa• Cape of Good Hope• Prime Meridian• Equator• Congo River• Congo River Basin


Requirements• Niger River• Zmbezi River

• Niger River• Zmbezi River

Climate TypesClimate Types

• Please add the major climate types to your physical map and use lightly shaded colors to identify the 4 major climate types. Be sure to add a key.

• Please add the major climate types to your physical map and use lightly shaded colors to identify the 4 major climate types. Be sure to add a key.

European Claims in Africa circa 1914

European Claims in Africa circa 1914

On page 89 you will find a map that details the above information:

First label your map- Africa Under Foreign Rule”.

Second label all the countries and capital cities on the map

Third carefully shade your map with light color of your choice for each area of Africa controlled another country. Then create a key.

On page 89 you will find a map that details the above information:

First label your map- Africa Under Foreign Rule”.

Second label all the countries and capital cities on the map

Third carefully shade your map with light color of your choice for each area of Africa controlled another country. Then create a key.

Important RegionsImportant Regions

• North Africa• West Africa• East Africa• Southern Africa• Central Africa

• North Africa• West Africa• East Africa• Southern Africa• Central Africa

Landforms of AfricaLandforms of Africa

• A giant plateau- Savannah Grasslands

• Great Rift Valley- a fault or break in the earth’s crust from the Red Sea to the Zambezi River

• Giant cataracts or falls dominate as land moves from plateau to coastal elevations.

• A giant plateau- Savannah Grasslands

• Great Rift Valley- a fault or break in the earth’s crust from the Red Sea to the Zambezi River

• Giant cataracts or falls dominate as land moves from plateau to coastal elevations.

Landforms of AfricaLandforms of Africa

• Rivers are numerous and provide water, fish and hydroelectric power

• The Nile- The longest in the world @4160 miles

• The Congo-drains central Africa…The Jungle, hydroelectric power

• The Niger- Transportation and food.-Western Africa

•

• Rivers are numerous and provide water, fish and hydroelectric power

• The Nile- The longest in the world @4160 miles

• The Congo-drains central Africa…The Jungle, hydroelectric power

• The Niger- Transportation and food.-Western Africa

•

Rivers con’tRivers con’t

• The Zambezi-Victoria Falls, Lake Kariba and the Kariba Dam- Power

• The Zambezi-Victoria Falls, Lake Kariba and the Kariba Dam- Power

Natural Resources Natural Resources

• Gold and diamonds in the rivers and in the mountains

• Copper- D.R. Congo, Zambia• Cobalt- DR Congo, Botswana,

South Africa• Oil- Nigeria, Angola• Gold / Diamonds- South Africa

• Gold and diamonds in the rivers and in the mountains

• Copper- D.R. Congo, Zambia• Cobalt- DR Congo, Botswana,

South Africa• Oil- Nigeria, Angola• Gold / Diamonds- South Africa

Natural Resources/ClimateNatural Resources/Climate

• Gold and diamonds brought the Europeans to Africa

• Very fertile soil- Uganda• Climate- 80% of Africa is tropic• There are 4 major types- Tropical

wet, tropical wet and dry, desert and Mediterranean.

• Gold and diamonds brought the Europeans to Africa

• Very fertile soil- Uganda• Climate- 80% of Africa is tropic• There are 4 major types- Tropical

wet, tropical wet and dry, desert and Mediterranean.

ClimateClimate

• Patterns of wet and dry seasons in tropics (wet and dry)

• The Sahara- larger than the U.S.• A barrier as well as a highway• The Kalihari and Namib deserts-

not as dry.

• Patterns of wet and dry seasons in tropics (wet and dry)

• The Sahara- larger than the U.S.• A barrier as well as a highway• The Kalihari and Namib deserts-

not as dry.

ClimatesClimates

• Mediterranean zones are mild like L.A. and have fertile soil

• Population- 763 million. Water fertile soil and resources dictate where people live

• Many disease carrying insects live in the tropical climates malaria kills 1mm children/yr

• Mediterranean zones are mild like L.A. and have fertile soil

• Population- 763 million. Water fertile soil and resources dictate where people live

• Many disease carrying insects live in the tropical climates malaria kills 1mm children/yr

Climate/PeopleClimate/People

• The Savannah has widespread cases of sleeping sickness and river blindness.

• Majority of Africans live on the Savanna and are farmers

• Languages- Speak 2 basic types-Bantu and Arabic.

• The Savannah has widespread cases of sleeping sickness and river blindness.

• Majority of Africans live on the Savanna and are farmers

• Languages- Speak 2 basic types-Bantu and Arabic.

• Who- Earliest Man• Where- Olduvai Gorge- Great Rift

Valley and Ethiopian Highlands• When- 2-4 million years ago• Why- Climate and terrain

conducive to the development of man from apes

• Who- Earliest Man• Where- Olduvai Gorge- Great Rift

Valley and Ethiopian Highlands• When- 2-4 million years ago• Why- Climate and terrain

conducive to the development of man from apes

Early African History-The Development of HumansEarly African History-The Development of Humans

Early African History-Empires

Early African History-Empires

• The Nile River Valley-Egypt• Nubia and Kush• Axum• The Gold Salt Trade- Caravans• The Empires of Ghana, Mali,

Songhai and Benin all flourished.

• The Nile River Valley-Egypt• Nubia and Kush• Axum• The Gold Salt Trade- Caravans• The Empires of Ghana, Mali,

Songhai and Benin all flourished.

The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade

• Beginning in the early 1500’s Spanish Europeans began to force Africans into slavery to replace Native Americans who died of disease in the New World

• Between 1500 and the late 1800’s 15-20 million Africans were forced to work in the Americas

• Beginning in the early 1500’s Spanish Europeans began to force Africans into slavery to replace Native Americans who died of disease in the New World

• Between 1500 and the late 1800’s 15-20 million Africans were forced to work in the Americas


• Triangle Trade Routes• Slaves, sugar, rum, cotton, and

manufactured goods- Very lucrative.

• Slave Trade ends with the industrialization of Europe and the Americas.

• Triangle Trade Routes• Slaves, sugar, rum, cotton, and

manufactured goods- Very lucrative.

• Slave Trade ends with the industrialization of Europe and the Americas.

Effects of The Slave TradeEffects of The Slave Trade

• Europeans now needed the gold and other natural resources of Africa for their factories

• American Civil War- Abolitionists• Many native African Rulers traded

slaves for guns and “protection”

• Europeans now needed the gold and other natural resources of Africa for their factories

• American Civil War- Abolitionists• Many native African Rulers traded

slaves for guns and “protection”


• Many former slaves returned to Africa in two colonies set up by the British and U.S. respectively-Sierra Leone and Liberia

• Many former slaves returned to Africa in two colonies set up by the British and U.S. respectively-Sierra Leone and Liberia

African Exploration by Europeans

African Exploration by Europeans

• Portugal began with Dias and da Gama. Portuguese traded on the coast- Africans brought goods to them

• By the early 1800’s Europeans are actively exploring the African interior.

• Portugal began with Dias and da Gama. Portuguese traded on the coast- Africans brought goods to them

• By the early 1800’s Europeans are actively exploring the African interior.

European ImperialismEuropean Imperialism

• Romantic stories of exploration brought trading companies in for profit.

• Europeans wanted raw materials for their factories

• European Nationalism- countries wanted big empires (colonies) and power.

• Romantic stories of exploration brought trading companies in for profit.

• Europeans wanted raw materials for their factories

• European Nationalism- countries wanted big empires (colonies) and power.


• Religion is a strong motivator-convert savages to Christianity and Islam.

• Advances in medicine help Europeans survive tropical diseases

• British invent machine gun

• Religion is a strong motivator-convert savages to Christianity and Islam.

• Advances in medicine help Europeans survive tropical diseases

• British invent machine gun


• Berlin Conference divvies up Africa between major powers

• African resistance-Zulus, Ibo, Fulani, Herero, Hehe, and Ethiopians. Only Ethiopians win

• One of the 4 major causes of WWI

• Berlin Conference divvies up Africa between major powers

• African resistance-Zulus, Ibo, Fulani, Herero, Hehe, and Ethiopians. Only Ethiopians win

• One of the 4 major causes of WWI

Rebellion and IndependenceRebellion and Independence

• Pan-Africanism- Unifying all the diverse peoples of Africa- Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Dubois

• Leopold Sedar Senghor- African poet supported the Negritude Movement…Encouraged Africans to value their heritage.

• Pan-Africanism- Unifying all the diverse peoples of Africa- Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Dubois

• Leopold Sedar Senghor- African poet supported the Negritude Movement…Encouraged Africans to value their heritage.


• After WWII: • Kwame Nkrumah wins

independence for Ghana via boycotts of British goods

• Libya, Tunisia, and Morocco won independence using peaceful methods

• After WWII: • Kwame Nkrumah wins

independence for Ghana via boycotts of British goods

• Libya, Tunisia, and Morocco won independence using peaceful methods


• French and Algerians have a bloody fight that ends in 1962.

• British also had a fight in Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta led the rebellion that finally kicked the British out

• Portuguese get into a bloody guerilla war over Angola and Mozambique and lose.

• French and Algerians have a bloody fight that ends in 1962.

• British also had a fight in Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta led the rebellion that finally kicked the British out

• Portuguese get into a bloody guerilla war over Angola and Mozambique and lose.

European Legacies in Africa

European Legacies in Africa

• Infrastructure- roads, schools, etc• Government structure• Religion• New farming techniques and crops• New economic systems• Racism and slavery• Left African weary and suspicious

• Infrastructure- roads, schools, etc• Government structure• Religion• New farming techniques and crops• New economic systems• Racism and slavery• Left African weary and suspicious

European LegaciesEuropean Legacies

• Better Communication• Railroads• Rape of natural resources• Money oriented economy

• Better Communication• Railroads• Rape of natural resources• Money oriented economy

African Historical ProblemsAfrican Historical Problems

• Rhodesia / Zimbabwe• Apartheid- South Africa• Uganda- Idi Amin- Genocide• Rwanda-Genocide • Dafur- Starvation and famine• Libya- Moammar Gadhafi• Egypt- Hosni Murbarek

• Rhodesia / Zimbabwe• Apartheid- South Africa• Uganda- Idi Amin- Genocide• Rwanda-Genocide • Dafur- Starvation and famine• Libya- Moammar Gadhafi• Egypt- Hosni Murbarek

RhodesiaRhodesia

• British attempt to move Rhodesia to black majority.

• Minority Whites object < 5%• U.N. condemns white- places

sanctions on country• 1980 Robert Mugabe leads new

independent gov’t of Zimbabwe

• British attempt to move Rhodesia to black majority.

• Minority Whites object < 5%• U.N. condemns white- places

sanctions on country• 1980 Robert Mugabe leads new

independent gov’t of Zimbabwe

Apartheid- South AfricaApartheid- South Africa

• Rigid separation of the races• Gov’t controlled by white minority-

Dutch farmers• 1948-1994- Non-whites could not

vote• They were assigned to specific

areas to live and specific jobs to work.

• Rigid separation of the races• Gov’t controlled by white minority-

Dutch farmers• 1948-1994- Non-whites could not

vote• They were assigned to specific

areas to live and specific jobs to work.

Apartheid con’t.Apartheid con’t.

• Required to carry passbooks of where they could travel or work

• White separated from blacks on buses, restaurants, beaches, etc.

• Punishments cruel and unusual• Sharpsville “Massacre” begins the

change

• Required to carry passbooks of where they could travel or work

• White separated from blacks on buses, restaurants, beaches, etc.

• Punishments cruel and unusual• Sharpsville “Massacre” begins the

change

Apartheid DiesApartheid Dies

• Albert Luthili, Desmond Tutu begin the movement.

• ANC and Nelson Mandela end apartheid with the help of overwhelming world opinion

• 1994- Nelson Mandela becomes first black president of South Africa

• Albert Luthili, Desmond Tutu begin the movement.

• ANC and Nelson Mandela end apartheid with the help of overwhelming world opinion

• 1994- Nelson Mandela becomes first black president of South Africa

Uganda- Idi AminUganda- Idi Amin

• Bantu make up a majority of the population.

• In the 1970’s Idi Amin rises to power in a dictatorship.

• Slaughters thousands of Hutu’s• Overthrown and exiled

• Bantu make up a majority of the population.

• In the 1970’s Idi Amin rises to power in a dictatorship.

• Slaughters thousands of Hutu’s• Overthrown and exiled

RwandaRwanda

• Tutsi have power given them by colonial gov’ts. They use it to control rival Hutu’s

• Violence breaks out in 1959 and culminates in genocide when hundreds of thousands of Tutsi’s are slaughtered by Hutu’s

• Tutsi have power given them by colonial gov’ts. They use it to control rival Hutu’s

• Violence breaks out in 1959 and culminates in genocide when hundreds of thousands of Tutsi’s are slaughtered by Hutu’s

DarfurDarfur

• South Sudan gripped by a vast and deadly famine caused by war with Sudan- Has killed 2mm already

• Sudanese gov’t has blocked U.N. help or aid. South separates 7/2011. Feudal warlords

• Feudal war lords control country

• South Sudan gripped by a vast and deadly famine caused by war with Sudan- Has killed 2mm already

• Sudanese gov’t has blocked U.N. help or aid. South separates 7/2011. Feudal warlords

• Feudal war lords control country

Egypt, Libya, TunisiaEgypt, Libya, Tunisia

• “Arab Spring”- Countries who have overthrown life long dictators in favor of a more democratic government

• Syria, Yemen and Iran may not be far behind.

• People are turning to democracy. Theocracy and combinations.

• “Arab Spring”- Countries who have overthrown life long dictators in favor of a more democratic government

• Syria, Yemen and Iran may not be far behind.

• People are turning to democracy. Theocracy and combinations.

Africa Today- GovernmentsAfrica Today- Governments

• Pan- Africanism• Civil wars- very common because

of single ethnicities• Dictatorships are popular-

Build National UnityPolitical parties create

divisions in society.

• Pan- Africanism• Civil wars- very common because

of single ethnicities• Dictatorships are popular-

Build National UnityPolitical parties create

divisions in society.

Africa Today-GovernmentsAfrica Today-Governments

• Dictatorships-– Reflects traditional African values

such as discussion and consensus– Will eventually create democracy– Uses choices within 1 party

• Dictatorships-– Reflects traditional African values

such as discussion and consensus– Will eventually create democracy– Uses choices within 1 party

Africa Today-GovernmentsAfrica Today-Governments

• Military Rule– Uses excuse to seize power to rid

gov’t of corruption– They become corrupt themselves– Judged not on freedom but can they

improve quality of life

• Military Rule– Uses excuse to seize power to rid

gov’t of corruption– They become corrupt themselves– Judged not on freedom but can they

improve quality of life

Africa-GovernmentsAfrica-Governments

• Democracy- in infancy in Africa. Some like Senegal, Uganda, and Mozambique are making it work

• Democratization- underway in Gabon and Ivory Coast

• Stable democracies- Only South Africa, Liberia, and Sierra Leone

• Democracy- in infancy in Africa. Some like Senegal, Uganda, and Mozambique are making it work

• Democratization- underway in Gabon and Ivory Coast

• Stable democracies- Only South Africa, Liberia, and Sierra Leone

Africa- EconomicsAfrica- Economics

• African Socialism- Tanzania- Gov’t owns major businesses and controls the economy much tighter. People thinks it levels the playing field

• Mixed Economies-Government has some control, people have some control

• African Socialism- Tanzania- Gov’t owns major businesses and controls the economy much tighter. People thinks it levels the playing field

• Mixed Economies-Government has some control, people have some control

Africa-EconomiesAfrica-Economies

• Mixed– Capital derived from multinational

corporations– World Bank loans– Developing agriculture– Economic dependence– Population expolsion

• Mixed– Capital derived from multinational

corporations– World Bank loans– Developing agriculture– Economic dependence– Population expolsion

Africa EconomicsAfrica Economics

• Growth of cities• Urbanization-lack of infrastructure• Changes in nuclear families• Westernization• Islamic influences• Woman’s Rights• Rural Patterns

• Growth of cities• Urbanization-lack of infrastructure• Changes in nuclear families• Westernization• Islamic influences• Woman’s Rights• Rural Patterns

Africa EconomiesAfrica Economies

• Educational Opportunities• New resources• Changing government roles• Oil- China/Nigeria• Kenya- Agriculture• South Africa- Automobile Business• Tanzania/Zimbabwe- Tourism

• Educational Opportunities• New resources• Changing government roles• Oil- China/Nigeria• Kenya- Agriculture• South Africa- Automobile Business• Tanzania/Zimbabwe- Tourism

Social and CulturalSocial and Cultural

Documents

Physical Map Requirements Great Rift Valley Nile River and Basin Mt. Kilimanjaro Atlas Mountains Oceans/Seas/Gulf(s) Kalahari Desert Great Rift Valley