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Group Members:

Nazratul FarehaNurul Izzati

Umie kalthum

R. Varshini

Tutorial Week 5 : Stages of ChildDevelopment & Related DevelopmentalTheories

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Physical Growth of a Child

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Prenatal stage:

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Factors that influence the growth during

prenatal

Pregnant mothers age Mothers health

Nutrition

Drug intake- medication

Alcohol intake Parents lifestyle

Mental/emotional state of the mother

Cleanliness

Effect of x-ray Rh- factor in blood

Prayer from parents

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Infant stage:

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INFANT

Infant- is aged from 0-12 months

During the first 2 years, the body

grows more rapidly than at any timeafter birth.

By the end of the first year the infant's

length is 50 percent greater than itwas at birth,and by 2 years of age it is

75 percent greater.

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NUTRITION

Babies need breast milk as their basicnutrition at least until the age of 2years.

Promotes facial structure development

enhanced speech

straighter teeth enhanced vision

Twenty-five percent of an infant'scaloric intake is devoted to growth.

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Increased bone density

Decreased risk of tooth decay

The varying composition of breast milk

keeps pace with the infant's individualgrowth and changing nutritional needs

Increases the bone mineral content

more than formula milk (contains palmolein oil that decreases calcium and

fat absorption)

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Bone Mineral Content (BMC)

http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/3/691S/F1.expansion.html

Retrieved on: 1/2/2012

http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/3/691S/F1.expansion.htmlhttp://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/3/691S/F1.expansion.html

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SLEEPBabies up to age 6 months need

about 16 to 20 hours of sleep a day.

This time is broken up to shorter sleepperiods

CNN Health reports that a growth

hormone produced sporadicallythroughout the day is released steadily

during sleep periods

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SOCIOECONOMY

Better childcare good parentingskills, vaccination, medication

More nutritious supplement

Based on the studies by FreeUniversity Hospital, Amsterdam, over

the last century, socioeconomic factor

have induced a taller stature and amore rapid maturity in Europe, North

America, and Australia

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HEREDITY

According to the University of Minnesota,genetics have a strong effect on rate ofgrowth, the size of body parts and theonset of growth events.

When environmental conditions areadequate,

height and rate of physical growth are

largelydetermined by heredity

Weight is also affected by genetic make-

up.

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PLAYTIME

Babies need time on the floor topractice rolling over, stretching,

crawling and sitting

Sturdy furniture to practice pulling upand walking

Grasping toys to strengthen fine motor

muscles in the hands, fingers andwrists

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Child stage:

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Early adolescence stage:

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Factors that influence the growth during

early adolescence

Nutrition

Activity and interaction

A sufficient amount of sleep

Genetics

Environment

Free play

Exercise

Body mass index

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Physical changes in early

adolescent

Girls Boys

Begin develop breast Grow facial hair

Start their periods Having regular nocturnal emissions

Have a rapid growth in height Rapid growth in height at the age of

17

Gain in weight & increase in body fat Gain weight rapidly & increase in

muscle mass

The voice changes Their voice changes