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iacashwosfr2ifpratwpbcaTian apparent threshold at approximately 28% body fat afterwhich c-reactive protein rises.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.017

6 Abstracts / Journal of Science an

5

verweight children have poor bone strength relative toody weight, placing them at greater risk for forearmractures

. Ducher 1,∗, G. Naughton 2, R. Daly 3, R. Eser 4, R.nglish 1, A. Patchett 1, K. Gravenmaker 5, M. Seibel 6, A.avaid 5, R. Cunningham 7, R. Telford 7,8, S. Bass 1

Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakinniversity, AustraliaAustralian Catholic University, Melbourne, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, Western Hospital, The Universityf Melbourne, AustraliaDivision of Clinical Epidemiology & Blostatistics, Univer-ity of Bern, SwitzerlandThe Canberra Hospital, AustraliaANZAC Research Institute, AustraliaAustralian National University, AustraliaThe Commonwealth Institute, UK and Australia

Introduction: Obesity is thought to be a protective fac-or for bones in adults but not in children based on thevidence of the greater incidence of forearm fractures inbese children. Our objective was to investigate the effectf adiposity on bone strength in relation to the mechani-al challenge placed onto the forearm bones in case of aall. Methods: Cross sectional areas (CSA) were obtainedt the mid- and distal radius by peripheral quantitative com-uted tomography in 486 children (241 boys), mean age 8.3ears (range 6.9–9.7), participating in the LOOK Project.he following parameters were measured: bone mass andone CSA (both sites), and muscle and fat CSA (mid-orearm only). Bone strength indices combining bone sizend total volumetric density were calculated at each site.esults/Discussion: Overweight children (BMI > percentilequivalent to 25 kg/m2 in adults) have higher bone param-ters than normal-weight peers (Z-scores +0.6 to +0.9SD,< 0.0001). These differences disappear after adjustment foruscle CSA. Adiposity (fat CSA/muscle CSA) was nega-

ively correlated with bone mass, size and strength at theistal radius only (r = −0.1, p < 0.05). After adjustment forody weight (estimate of the load during a fall), the nega-ive correlations were stronger and observed at both the mid-nd distal radius (r = −0.37 to −0.55, p < 0.0001). Conclu-ion. Overweight children have stronger bones due to greateruscle size. However, children with high fat mass relative touscle mass (increased adiposity) have poorer bone strength,

ndependent of weight, which may contribute to the increasedisk of fracture in obese children.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.016

ine in Sport 12S (2009) S1–S83

6

hysical fitness and physical activity, body compositionnd cardio-vascular risk factors in 7–8 year old schoolhildren

. Waring 1,∗, R. Telford 2, P. Saunders 3, R. Cunningham 1,. Southcotf, P. Hickman 4, J. Potter 4, A. Lafferty 4, A.avaid 4, R. Telford 1

Australian National University, AustraliaThe Commonwealth Institute, AustraliaAustralian Institute of Sport, AustraliaCanberra Hospital, Australia

Introduction: Low physical activity (PA), and poor phys-cal fitness are risk factors for degenerative disease in adultsnd physical exercise affects the incidence of diseases such asardiovascular disease or diabetes. Data for children howeverre sparse and there are few comprehensive studies demon-trating if, and how, early exercise affects developmentalealth of children. The LOOK (Lifestyle Of Our Kids) studyas initiated in 2006 and is designed to allow long-term studyf pre-pubescent children into adulthood. One aspect of thetudy is the effect of physical exercise on cardiovascular riskactors such as lipids and inflammatory molecules such as c-eactive protein. Methodology: A total of 740 children from7 randomly selected Canberra public schools are involvedn the study. Blood was collected in 2005 and 2007 fromasting, healthy children between 8 and 9.30 am. Cardiores-iratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the 20 m shuttleun, percent fat was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometrynd a physical activity (PA) index was derived from pedome-ers worn for 1 week. Results: Strong negative relationshipsere found between triglycerides, uric acid and c-reactiverotein and % body fat. There were associations betweenoth CRF and PA and the risk factors although the signifi-ance is lost when % fat is accounted for. There was howeverweak independent relationship between uric acid and CRF.he relationship between c-reactive protein and % body fat

s bi-phasic with c-reactive protein remaining constant until