PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT


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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Physical development refers to physical changes,rate of growth of different body parts, the functionof the body parts and human features


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STAGES OF A CHILDS

PHYSICAL

DEVELOPMENT


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Early Childhood (2-6years) At this stage, physical growth is slower compared to growth

at the earlier stage

The childs height is twice as compared to during birth and

his body weight may be 4 times more

The bigger muscles would have developed but the fine

muscle would not be developed fully.

Research proven that girl grow faster than boys.

The psychomotor ability will developed in sequence, for

instance children are able to run before they cab using roller


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Implication on the teaching andlearning process in the classroom

Children are very active during this stage

At this stage, growth and development of

every children are different.

Teachers are advised to teach only basicneeds


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Examples of psychomotor activitiesof a child

Age(Years)

Psychomotor Development

2 Going up steps with some help

Holding big objects like balls andmanipulate smaller objects like crayon

3 Throwing the ballRiding a bicycle

4 Jumping and RunningGoing up and down Steps withouthelp

5 Using Roller skates


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Childhood (7-12years) Growth and development rate is stable but will at a

slower pace

The Growth and development is more on the

refinement of the psychomotor skills

The permanent teeth starts to replace the milk teeth

Girl height increases between 8-10 years old and

reaches its peak at 12 years old

The boy they height will increase, between 10-12

years of age and will reach their maximum height at


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Most children become thinner as they grow older

By the time they approach puberty at about 11 years

old, the children seem stronger and more focused on

the activities or task given to them

The fine muscles are more developed, the eyes

coordinate better and the hands are more developed

enabling them to write properly, play musical

instruments or even sewing, knitting and other

outdoor activities.


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Implication on the teaching andlearning process in the classroom

Children can be taught to play musical instruments and

arts

Involve the children in games, swimming, gymnastic so

as to strengthen their muscles, build resistance and

developed better body movement.

Allow opportunities for boys to be involved with games

such as football and appropriate games or sports for girls

like netball.


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Teachers are advised to guide the children when

necessary.

Children will feel satisfied if they are able to do things

on their own

Children developed at different pace, therefore teacher

should avoid comparing them with each other.

Teacher can prepare some activities as children are

active at this stage

Activities must take into account childrens muscle

development, especially the smaller muscles that are

not yet developed


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Early Adolescence (12-15years)

Growth and development rate is rapid as during

infancy

Physical change in height, size and body shapebegins towards adulthood.

Changes in size for girls one or two years before

puberty

After puberty, girls begin to exhibit her feminist

characteristic and hair starts to grow underarm


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For the male adolescence, when they attain

puberty, their voices change. The body built are

stronger and underarm hair and moustache

starts to grow.

The female will attain puberty earlier then the

male but the male development towards puberty

will take a longer period

Muscle growth is more obvious in the male

adolescence therefore they are stronger then the


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Implication on the teaching and

learning process in the classroom

Activities such as seminars and counseling can help the

early adolescence to accept oneself and their body

changes

Prepare exercises to help them build strength and body

resistance

At this stage, they are sensitive to the physical changes,so it is appropriate to develop consciousness in healthy

life and avoid negative activities.

Plan healthy social activities that are interesting


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Reduce opportunities for the girl to be observed by

the boys during physical exercises

Prepare courses and talks on sexual activities and

the reproductive system so as to equip the

adolescence with knowledge of the physiological

changes in them

Sexual behaviour may need early adolescence to

make some choices. Therefore, teacher must allow

them to discuss or ask question so that to help them

make the right choice.


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PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN