Physical Education · Leaving Certificate – Sample Paper 14 Physical Education – Higher level (b) In the article, Mary Nolan Hickey recalls her experience as a first time marathon

Junior Cycle Final Examination 2019

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Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission Leaving Certificate Examination Sample Paper Physical Education Higher Level

Time: 2 hours, 30 minutes 250 marks

2020L225A1ES 2020. M108S

Examination number

Centre stamp

Leaving Certificate – Sample Paper 2 Physical Education – Higher level

Instructions

There are three sections in this paper.

Section A Answer all questions 80 marks

Section B Case study and questions 50 marks

Section C 5 questions, answer 3 questions 120 marks

Answer all sections.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

This examination booklet will be scanned and your work will be presented to an examiner on screen. Anything that you write outside of the answer areas may not be seen by the examiner.

Use blue or black pen only.


Section A 80 marks

Answer all questions.

Question 1

Define balance and agility.

Balance

Agility

Question 2

Outline how gamesmanship influences two named physical activities/sports.

1.

2.


Question 3

Identify four characteristics of a skilled performance.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Question 4

Describe four components of an effective warm‐up.

1.

2.

3.

4.


Question 5

Discuss how motivation can impact performance in a named physical activity.


Question 6

Figure 1

At the start of the race, outline the application of Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws of motion to a rowing boat (Figure 1).

Newton’s 1st Law

Newton’s 2nd Law

Rowing START


Question 7

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) “Give respect, get respect”, the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) “Silent Sidelines” and the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) “Show racism the red card” campaigns, amongst others, focus on respectful communication. Discuss the importance of such campaigns from the perspective of one of the following:

Participants

Parents

Spectators


Question 8

People with disabilities now have more opportunities to take part in physical activity/sport. Discuss this statement.


Question 9

Figure 2

(a) Identify the plane and the axis through which running takes place in Figure 2 above.

Plane

Axis

(b) The ankle acts as a lever as the athlete pushes off the ground during running.

(i) Identify the class of lever operating at the ankle.

Class

(ii) Draw and label the lever system operating at the ankle.


Question 10

Figure 3 Figure 4

Analyse the performance shown in Figure 3 and the performance shown in Figure 4 from an aesthetic perspective.

Figure 3

Figure 4


Do not write on this page


Section B Case Study 50 marks

Read the case study below and answer all of the questions which follow.

The 39th Dublin City Marathon (26.2 miles/ 42.2km) will get under way in the city on Sunday morning, with the first runners crossing the starting line at 8.55am and the last of those taking part likely to finish at about 4pm. The men’s record for the Dublin marathon is 2 hours, 8 minutes and 58 seconds, and the women’s record is 2 hours, 26 minutes and 13 seconds, with an average finishing time of approximately 4 hours and 15 minutes.

Many international elite‐distance athletes are to compete against Ireland’s top runners. Olympians Lizzie Lee, Caitriona Jennings, Mick Clohisey and current national champion Gary O’Hanlon are set to participate. In the wheelchair race, four‐time champion Patrick Monahan will have to contend with a strong international field. For many others, this will be their first marathon and the achievement will be in crossing the line.

As many as 20,000 runners will take to the streets for the race which is being sponsored by SSE Airtricity. The number of women taking part has grown from 70 in 1980 to 7,000 this year and as part of a celebration of female runners, Constance Markievicz makes an appearance on the finishers’ medal.

“We are delighted to again have a sold‐out entry of 20,000. The marathon has grown 10‐fold from just over 2,000 runners in 1980 to 20,000 today,” said race director Jim Aughney. “I am also proud that we are celebrating female runners today, with a special mention to Mary (Nolan Hickey) who has competed in every marathon since we started back in 1980.” She is the only woman to have competed in 38 Dublin Marathons. Mary said, “I really feel I’m blessed. It’s not everyone that can run a race 39 years in‐a‐row. Life hits you in so many ways so to get to the start line every year, I’m amazed and surprised by that really and regard myself as very lucky.” In relation to her first marathon Mary recalls “there were no training plans or schedules to follow back then – I got hold of a book about running marathons and adapted it to suit me. I had only done one 18 mile run before, so coming up to mile 18 on the day I was just going into this big black hole and I didn’t know what was on the other side. There were people dropping out all around me, it was a war‐zone, but I kept going. I couldn’t walk for about a week afterwards! I’m so glad that people have advice and training plans and good shoes now”.

This text has been adapted from the original for the purpose of assessment without the author’s prior consent.


Question 11 (50 marks)

(a) Mary Nolan Hickey’s achievement of running in every single marathon is amazing as injury could cause many runners to miss the race each year. In 2018, out of the 20,000 who signed up, 16,433 people started the marathon and 16,231 finished.

(i) Describe three common injuries specific to long distance running.

1.

2.

3.

(ii) First aid stations are provided at ten different points along the Dublin Marathon route. For one of the injuries described in part (i) above, describe its first aid treatment.

First aid treatment

This question continues on the next page


(b) In the article, Mary Nolan Hickey recalls her experience as a first time marathon runner. (i) Discuss two approaches to training in the activity and discuss two approaches to

training outside the activity that a first time marathon runner could take to improve performance.

In the activity

1.

2.

Outside the activity

1.

2.

(ii) Suggest a race strategy an elite marathoner could use to break the Dublin marathon record.



(c) The case study documents the changes in participation rates in the Dublin City marathon over time. Outline these changes and analyse the factors that you think have contributed to the changes in these participation rates.



(d) The number of women taking part in the marathon has grown from 70 in 1980 to 7,000 in

2018. Discuss examples of inclusiveness or prejudice in physical activity provision for women or another group you have studied (older adults; people with physical disability; people with intellectual disability; different ethnic groups or different socio‐economic groups).


Section C 120 marks

Answer any three questions, from questions 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16.


Figure 5 below shows Bandura’s model of self‐efficacy.

Self‐efficacy is an individual‘s belief in her/his ability to execute behaviours to produce specific performance attainments and is a key component of confidence.

Figure 5

Based on a model you have studied answer the following questions:

(a) Outline the impact of past performance on the confidence of the performer.


Self‐Efficacy Beliefs

Past Performance

Verbal persuasion

VicariousExperience

Physiological/ Emotional States


(b) Evaluate strategies to enhance performer confidence during practice sessions and/or performance.



(c) Skilled performers must also learn to control physiological/emotional states. Discuss how anxiety levels can impact performance.

You have the option to draw a model here to support your answer.



(d) Verbal persuasion refers to the ability of influential people in our lives, like coaches, to strengthen our beliefs that we have what it takes to succeed. Discuss four different types of feedback and their importance.

1.

2.

3.

4.



To compete in modern professional sport, to win gold or to hold a trophy high as the flag is raised and the national anthem is played is the dream of many. But it will come true for only a few. Only the gifted, only the dedicated, only the best will win. And maybe a few drug cheats? (Dr Stephen Watt)

(a) Under the Irish anti‐doping rules each athlete in Sport Ireland Registered Testing Pool is required to make an accurate and complete quarterly “Whereabouts filing” indicating where he or she will be living, training and competing for the following three months. The athlete must specify one specific 60 minute time slot between 5am and 11pm each day when he or she will be available at a specified location for testing.

(i) What is the sanction for failing to be at the location provided?

(ii) How many such incidents, and in what time frame, is a person allowed before it becomes an anti‐doping violation?

(iii) What is the sanction for the anti‐doping violation referred to in part (ii) above?



(b) Identify four different categories of performance‐enhancing drugs and explain how each can improve performance.

Performance‐enhancing drug category 1

Explanation of how it improves performance









(c) ‘Sky’cyclist Chris Froome returned an elevated level for an asthma drug, during Veulta a Espana 2017. This level was above those allowed by World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Froome had applied for, and received, a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) for the asthma drug.

(i) Explain Therapeutic Use Exemption(TUE) in relation to the use of medicines in sport.

(ii) Analyse the possible implications for Froome if WADA rules that he has committed an anti‐doping violation.



(a) ‘Leisure and recreation’ and ‘play’ are important features of Irish society. Explain these concepts.

Leisure and recreation

Play



(b) Sport Ireland aims to increase the number of people both young and old who participate in sport and physical activity. Discuss two personal benefits and two social benefits of physical activity for health and wellbeing.

Personal benefit 1

Personal benefit 2

Social benefit 1

Social benefit 2



(c) Examine the role of a named National Governing Body (NGB) in the provision of their physical activity at:

A local level

A national level and

An international level

Local

National

International



Many teams now use technology such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and heart rate monitors in training and matches. GPS can track the speed and distance covered by an individual and heart rate monitors can be applied to track work rate.

(a) Technological developments have resulted in the more accurate measurement of scalar quantities. Define the following scalar quantities: mass; distance; time; speed.

Mass

Distance

Time

Speed



(b) Discuss how technological developments can help an individual to optimise their performance.



(c) Goal line technology was introduced in soccer to assist referees in making decisions as to whether the ball had crossed the line and to therefore award a goal. In rugby union the television match officials (TMOs) use ‘Hawk Eye’ to ascertain if a try has been scored. ‘Hawk Eye’ was introduced in Gaelic football, hurling and camogie to assist referees in determining if a point has been scored. ‘Hawk Eye’ has also been used for leg before wicket decisions in cricket and for line calls in tennis. Spectator opinion in relation to the introduction of such technologies is mixed.

Explain why some spectators might be against the use of such technologies and others be in favour of its introduction in a named physical activity.

Reasons against

Reasons for



(d) Evaluate the suggestion that an increase in the use of technology has made life easier for coaches.



First time Olympic hopeful, Taekwondoin Jack Woolley.

(a) Explain how Jack’s coach could him help him in planning for his long‐term goal of competing in Tokyo 2020.



Taekwondo athletes require muscular power, strength and endurance to effectively perform and sustain the technical and tactical actions in a match, including kicking, punching, blocking, holding, pushing and footwork.

(b) Explain a suitable physical fitness training method you would use to improve a Taekwondo athlete’s power, strength and muscular endurance.

Power

Strength

Muscular Endurance



(c) Woolley trains six days a week, two to three times a day. Based on your study of designing training/practice schedules, explain three strategies Woolley could use to avoid the problems associated with overtraining.

1.

2.

3.

Leaving Certificate – Sample Paper Physical Education – Higher level


Leaving Certificate – Sample Paper Physical Education – Higher level


Acknowledgements

Images Image on page 6 https://www.rowperfect.co.uk/future‐rowing‐lightweights‐olympics/ Image on page 9 https://www.suunto.com Image on page 10 Tom Theobald Image on page 10 https://www.the42.ie Image on page 12 Sam Barnes/Sportsfile Image on page 17 https://www.PElinks4U.org Image on page 27 https://www.skysports.com Image on page 31 Ramsey Cardy/Sportsfile

Texts Text on page 12 adapted from an article in the Irish Times, October 2018 and an article by Peter Sweeney RTE.ie, October 2018. Text on page 21 https://www.science.org.au/curious/people‐medicine/drugs‐sport Text on page 32 Bridge et al (2014) Physical and Psychological Profiles of Taekwondo Athletes: Sports Med.

Copyright notice This examination paper may contain text or images for which the State Examinations Commission is not the copyright owner, and which may have been adapted, for the purpose of assessment, without the authors’ prior consent. This examination paper has been prepared in accordance with Section 53(5) of the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000. Any subsequent use for a purpose other than the intended purpose is not authorised. The Commission does not accept liability for any infringement of third‐party rights arising from unauthorised distribution or use of this examination paper.

Leaving Certificate – Higher Level Physical Education Sample Paper Time: 2 hours, 30 minutes

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Physical Education · Leaving Certificate – Sample Paper 14 Physical Education – Higher level (b) In the article, Mary Nolan Hickey recalls her experience as a first time marathon