Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium

8/6/2019 Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium

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PPHYSICALHYSICAL, C, CHEMICALHEMICAL & C& CATALYTICATALYTIC

SSTUDIESTUDIES OFOF VVANADIUMANADIUM PPHOSPHORUSHOSPHORUS

OOXIDEXIDE CCATALYSTATALYST

EFFECT OF DOPANT CONCENTRATION ON VPO

BASED CATALYST

NAME : PRAKAS

YEAR / SEMESTER : 4 / 1

COURSE : CHEMICAL E NGINEERING



CCATALYSTATALYST

y Catalyst ± A substance that accelerates rate of a

chemical reaction until equilibrium is

reached without being consumed ± Lowers activation energy

± Does not change the enthalpy and free

energy of the reaction

± Change the kinetics but not the

thermodynamics of he reaction



TTYPESYPES OFOF CCATALYSTATALYST

y Homogeneous ± Both the are in the same phase

± Normally involves metallic

complexes as the catalyst

y Heterogeneous ± Catalyst and the reactant are in

different phases

± Usually catalyst are in solidswhile reactant are in liquid or

gaseous phase



IIMPORTANCEMPORTANCE OFOF CATALYSTCATALYST

y Catalyst accelerates the rate of a chemical

reaction by many folds

y Without catalyst, many reaction would not be

possible to be carried out as the conditions for

the reaction as too costly to be fulfilled



PPROBLEMROBLEM SSTATEMENTTATEMENT

y To have a deeper understanding of the

characterization and catalytic properties of the

catalyst used in the oxidation of n-butane to

maleic anhydridey To understand the effect of dopant addition on

the performance of VPO based catalyst



PPREPARATIONREPARATION OFOF VVANADYLANADYL PPYROPHOSPHATEYROPHOSPHATE

y Mainly there are 5 routes to prepare VPO

Catalyst:

± Aqueous Medium

± Organic Medium

± Dihydrate Route

± Hemihydrate Route

± Sesquihydrate Route



PPARAMETERSARAMETERS

y There are four parameters that attribute

to the performance of VPO Catalyst:

± Calcination Condition

± Support System

± Doped System

± P/V Atomic Ratio



Maleic AnhydrideMaleic Anhydride

y Primary use in the manufacture of polyester and

alkyl resins

y Also used to produce a vinyl copolymer through

polymerization with other molecules containingvinyl functionality

y Usage in manufacture of agricultural chemicals



MethodologyMethodology ± ± SSTAGETAGE 11

y 2.5g V2O5 + 60 ml Distilled water + 15 ml

o-H3PO4

y All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester

for 2 hours at 120ºCy The yellowish precipitate is centrifuged to

separate the liquid and the slurry mixture

y The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and

placed in the oven to be dried

y The dried powder is recovered and place in a

container




y 1.5 g VOPO4.2H2O + 22.5 ml 1-butanol solution

are prepared

y All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester

for 4 hours at 120ºCy The whitish blue precipitate is centrifuged to

separate the liquid and the slurry mixture

y The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and

placed in the oven to be dried

y The dried powder is recovered and place in a

container




y 100 ml of butanol and 5% Cobalt and a variation

of 1%, 3% and 5% Barium are mixed in a tube

y If physical mixing does not dissolve the mixture,

it is stirred with the apparatus place on a hot plate

y Recovered whitish blue powder added and is

stirred, centrifuged and oven dried again

y Whitish blue powder with the dopants are

calcined for 6 hours at 400ºC



Characterization TechniqueCharacterization Technique

y X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

y BET Multipoint Surface Area

y Redox Titration

y Inductively Coupled Plasma ² Optical

Emission Spectrometer

y Scanning Electron Micoscope

Documents

Physical, Chemical & Catalytic Studies of Vanadium