Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)

8/3/2019 Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)

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Phylum PoriferaLaboratory Exercise 2


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Porifera

most primitive metazoans with lower grade of

body organizations

made of cells, no tissues or organs found in their

body

without mouth and nervous system


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Compose of many pores, canals and chonaocyte cells

can be differentiated from the protozoans in having

cells and skeleton in the forms of spicules.


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All sponges are aquatic, marine or freshwater; remainattached to some submerged substratum.

Body flower-vase like or tubular, with radial symmetry orwithout any symmetry.

Multicullular body is provided with many pores or Ostia.

General CharactersGeneral Characters

General Characters


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The space in between ectoderm and endoderm is filled

with mesenchyme, i.e., the animal is diploblastic.

Body is having canal system.

Flagellated cells or choanocytes line the radial canal.


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Internal skeleton is made up of spongin fibre,

siliceous or calcareous spicules.

Reproduction sexual or asexual, asexual reproduction

takes place by the formation of gemmules.


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. OBJECTIVES

To classify Poriferan groups into Calcarea,

Demospongia and Hexactinellida by using the canalsystem, spicule types and external characteristics of

the sponge body.


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Materials

3 identified samples of sponges of different classes

10 unidentified samples of sponges of different types

Microscope

Glass Slides with cover slip

Blade

Sulfuric Acid


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METHOD1. Borrow a cross sectional slide of the Poriferan of

different Classes (if available in the laboratory) and

study their histology. Compare such with the samples

by studying them under the dissecting microscope.

Tabulate cytological or histological differences.


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2. Collection of Specimen: Collect sponges of different types by

cutting about 2 mm of the poriferan tissue and place them in

labeled plastic bags. (This will be explained by the Instructor).

3. Determination of Canal System: Each student will need 10

samples to study. The corresponding labels of the samples

should be recorded for classification purposes. Categorize themaccording to (A) type of water canal system (Asconoid,

Leuconoid, Syconoid) as based on the arrangement and

complexity of the folds and chambers as observed under the

dissecting microscope; (B) coloration (bright, dull, brown, etc);(C) epidermal texture ( rough, spiny, smooth, nodular, etc).

Tabulate data.


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4. Spicule Separation and Bleaching of Spicules:

a. Place an amount of sulfuric acid to a sample of the sponge in

a slide to remove the organic components of the choanoderm and

observe it using the LPO of a compound microscope. Identify the

type of spicule ( monoaxon, triaxon, bi radiate, triradiate, etc), in

each sample. Illustrate the spicule type and tabulate types

according to Classes of Porifera. Calcareous sponges have greaterdensity of simple calcium carbonate spicules while Demospongea

possess more complex spicule types arranged in a proteinous

matrix. The Hexactinellids possess siliceous type of spicules.

b. All characteristics of the Porifera should be properly

illustrated or documented


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Results


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Specimen 1

Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType

CanalSystem

Size /Formof Colony

Intertidal area

inhabited by

crustaceans

Dark

yellow,

rough

Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Massive


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Specimen 2


CanalSystem

Size /Formof Colony

Middle of

intertidal area

Black,

fairly

smooth

DemospongiaMonoaxon/

triactSyconoid Massive


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Specimen 3


CanalSystem

Size /Formof Colony

Middle of

intertidal area

Yellowis

h brown,

fine

texture

Calcarea Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,

branching


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Specimen 4


CanalSystem

Size /Formof Colony

Middle of

intertidal areaViolet Calcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive


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Specimen 5


CanalSystem

Size /Formof Colony

Near water Yellow Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Small,Flat


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Specimen 6


CanalSystem

Size/Formof Colony

Middle of

intertidal poolYellow Calcarea

Monoaxon,

both

pointed

Leuconoid Massive


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Specimen 7


CanalSystem

Size/Formof Colony

Near the

water

Pinkish

redCalcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive


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Specimen 8


CanalSystem

Size/Formof Colony

Near water

Dark

green,

red

DemospongiaComplex

monoaxonLeuconoid Branching


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Specimen 9


CanalSystem

Size/Formof Colony

Near water Orange Calcarea

Branching

upward

monoaxon

Leuconoid Massive


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Specimen 10


CanalSystem

Size/Formof Colony

Near water White Demospongia Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,

branching


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Summary

Specimen no. Habitat Color &texture Class Spicule Type CanalSystem Size/ Formof Colony

1Intertidal

area

Dark

yellow,

rough

Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Massive

2

Middle of

intertidal

area

Black,

fairly

smooth

Demospongia

monoaxon./triact

Syconoid Massive

3

Middle of

intertidal

area

Yellowis

h brown,

finetexture

CalcareaMonoaxon

hylostyleLeuconoid

Massive,

branching

4

Middle of

intertidal

area

Violet Calcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive


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Summary


5 Near water Yellow Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Small, flat

6

Middle of

intertidal

pool

Yellow Calcarea

Monoaxon

both are

pointed

Leuconoid Massive

7Near the

water

Pinkish

redCalcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive

8 Near waterDark

greenDemospongia

Complex

MonoaxonLeuconoid Branching


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Summary


9 Near water Orange Calcarea

Branching

upward

Calcarera

Leuconoid Massive

10 Near water White Demospongia Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,

branching


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Thank You!!

Documents

Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)