PHY - Unit 0 - Lessons 1 2 3 - Class PPT Rev

Physics

1

Unit 0: Physics and its Mathematics

What is Physics?

Physics

2

Physics is the study of the most fundamental interactions between time, space, energy and matter.

VCU Department of Physics

Science develops through theuse of hypotheses, models, and theories. Explanations of how things work.

Physics

4


Physics

5


Physics

6


Physics in action

http://www.netcarshow.com/ferrari/2005-f430/

Physics

8


Physics Classroom Flickr Galleries:

Kinematics:http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625424161192/

Newton’s Laws of Motion:http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625278916478/with/3521203176

/

Projectile Motion:http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625381723822/#photo_4902799284

Work, Energy & Power:http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625199307955/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625424161192/


http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625278916478/with/3521203176/



http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625381723822/#photo_4902799284

http://www.flickr.com/photos/physicsclassroom/galleries/72157625381723822/#photo_4902799284



Physics

9

Unit Objectives:

Students will be able to…1. Understand the Areas of Physics and Course Topics2. Review Algebra Skills needed for success3. Significant Figures - Understand and apply Significant

Figures in calculations4. Dimensional Analysis - Perform Dimensional Analysis

of measurement units and their conversion


Physics

10

Lesson 1: Course Topics

First Nine Weeks Second Nine Weeks

0. Introduction 6. Rotational Motion and Gravity

1. Motion in One Dimension 7. Vibrations and Mech. Waves

2. Two Dimensional Motion 8. Light and EM Waves Properties

3. Force and Newton’s Laws 9. Electrostatics

4. Work, Energy and Power 10. Magnetism

5. Momentum and Collisions 11. Modern Physics

Planned

Physics

11

Lesson 1: Algebra Review

Lesson Objectives

Students will be able to…

• Review and practice algebra skills needed for success

Physics

12

Lesson 1: Algebra Review

MATH PRE TEST!

PhysicsUnits of Measure:

Physics uses the International System of Units (SI) to measure most physical quantities and perform most of its calculations.

PhysicsFundamental Units

Unit Quantitymeter (m) length kilogram (kg) masssecond (s) timeampere (A) electric currentKelvin (K) temperaturemole (mol) amount of sub.candela (cd) luminous int.

Physics

meter (m) length kilogram (kg) masssecond (s) time

These three units make upa subset call the MKS system.

Physics

A derived unit is a combination of fundamental units.

m/s2 Kgm/s2

Units like cm or m3 are not derivedunits.

Physics

Slide 17

Fig. T1.4, p.5

Physics

All units except the kilogram are defined in terms of natural phenomena.

The kilogram is the mass of a platinum-iridium metal cylinder.

Physics

Slide 19

Fig. 1.1a, p.4

Physics

1 meter is the distance light travels in 1/299 792 458 second in a vacuum.

1 second is the time for 9 192 631 770 vibrations of a cesium-133 atom

Unit definitions:

Physics

Slide 21

Fig. 1.1b, p.4Cascade Atomic Clock

Physics

All measurements are subject to uncertainty. These can be due to the expertise of the investigator, the instrument, and parallax.

PhysicsParallax is the apparent shift in the position of an object when it is viewed from various angles.

Physics

Mr. Huff - NKHS - 2010/201124

Page 15

Physics

25

Lesson 2: Significant Figures Review

Lesson Objectives


• Understand and apply Significant Figures in measurements and calculations

Physics

26


Significant Figures

Challenge – solve the following problem...

A 7,560 kg car traveled at a constant speed for 1.80 hours over a distance of 22.06 kilometers. What is the car’s average momentum if:

momentum = mass x speed

Physics

27


Significant Figures

Communicating our uncertainty ...

• Rules for zeros - how do we count zeros?

• Rules for operations – how do we round?

Physics

28


Significant Figures

Rules for zeros:

Complete the Worksheet Problems

Rules for Zeros Examples

Non-zero digits are always significant 103.230002All final zeros after the decimal point are significant

12.740 ; 0.0420

Zeros between two other sig dig are always significant.

10.0 ; 2004 ; 6.000

Zeros used for spacing the decimal point are not (?) significant

100 ; .00000233

Physics

29


Significant Figures

Rules for operations and rounding:

• If you add or subtract, round answer to same number of decimal places as the term with the least number of decimal places.

• If you multiply or divide two numbers, round answer to the number of significant figures as the term with the fewest sig digs.

Complete the Worksheet Problems

Physics

22.4+10.6895

33.0895 33.1

Do the addition

0.00259+2.5

2.50259 2.5

Physics

12.06 X 7.1 85.626 86

0.02471 X 3 0.07413 0.07

200.1 X 0.0025 0.50025 0.50

Physics

32


Scientific Notation

How many significant figures does the measurement of 100 mm have?

However, what if whoever performed the measurement was accurate to within 1 mm?

To eliminate possible confusion, we can report the above measurement as 1.00 x 102 mm.

Physics What is scientific Notation?

• Scientific notation is a way of expressing really big numbers or really small numbers.

• It is most often used in “scientific” calculations where the analysis must be very precise.

Scientific Notation slides from presentation by Jenny Erickson

Physics Scientific notation consists of two parts:

• A number between 1 and 10

• A power of 10

N x 10x

Physics

Changing standard form to scientific notation.

Physics To change standard form to scientific notation…

• Place the decimal point so that there is one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.

• Count the number of decimal places the decimal point has “moved” from the original number. This will be the exponent on the 10.

Physics Continued…

• If the original number was less than 1, then the exponent is negative. If the original number was greater than 1, then the exponent is positive.

Physics Example 1

• Given: 289,800,000• Use: 2.898 (moved 8 places)• Answer: 2.898 x 108

Physics Example 2

• Given: 0.000567• Use: 5.67 (moved 4 places)• Answer: 5.67 x 10-4

Physics To change scientific notation to standard form…

• Simply move the decimal point to the right for positive exponent 10.

• Move the decimal point to the left for negative exponent 10.

(Use zeros to fill in places.)

Physics Example 3

• Given: 5.093 x 106

• Answer: 5,093,000 (moved 6 places to the right)

Physics Example 4

• Given: 1.976 x 10-4

• Answer: 0.0001976 (moved 4 places to the left)

Physics

Precision

Precision is the degree of exactness to which the measurement of a quantity can be reproduced.

Physics

Precision is also the agreement among several measurements that have been made in the same way.

Deviation is used to report precision.

Physics

Physics

Accuracy

The extent to which a measured value agrees with the standard value of a quantity.

Accuracy is reported with relative error.

Physics

Relative Error

Error Calculations:

EO A

Ar | |

Er -- Relative ErrorO -- Observed ValueA -- Accepted Value

Physics

48

Lesson 3: Dimensional Analysis

Lesson Objectives


• Perform Dimensional Analysis including solving single, fractional and exponential unit conversion problems using standard units

Physics

49


Units - The Big Idea

Units identify what a specific number represents.

42 ?!?

Without the units attached, the number is meaningless.

Physics

50


Units - The Big Idea

• Every calculation and answer must include units.

• The standard for the course are Metric or SI Units Examples: meters, kilograms, seconds, Newtons

• Not sure how to attack a problem?You can often find the appropriate equation by

thinking about the correct units for the answer.

Handout Fact Sheet

Physics

51


Dimension ConversionSingle Unit conversions –

1. How many feet long is a 100 m football pitch? (that’s a soccer field to most of you)

2. How many kilometers is 5.5 miles?

3. How many seconds are in 2.2 hours?

Do Problems on Worksheet 4-8

Physics

52


Dimension ConversionFractional Unit Conversions -

9. Convert 63.89 meters per hour into meters per second

10. Convert 1.05 km/h into kilometers per second

Physics

53


Dimension ConversionFractional / Multiple Unit Conversions -

11. Convert 23.5 meters per second into miles per hour

12. Convert 60.2 miles per hour in kilometers per second

Do Problems on Worksheet 13 - 16

Physics

54

Summary:Significant Figures –• All solutions must utilize the right number of

significant digits• Basic rules exist for zeros, rounding and * & /Dimensional Analysis• All solutions must have correct units – no naked

numbers!• Conversions must be done for common units


Physics

Graphical Relationships

Linear Inverse Quadratic

Physicsy

xLinear relationships have the form y=mx+b

PhysicsY

X

Δy

Δx

m is the slopem = y/xb is the y intercept

PhysicsY

XInverse relationships have the form xy = k or y = k/x

PhysicsY

XThe graph of an Inverse is a hyperbola.

PhysicsY

XQuadratic relationships have the form y = kx2

PhysicsY

XThe graph of a Quadratic relationships is a parabola.

Documents

PHY - Unit 0 - Lessons 1 2 3 - Class PPT Rev