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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Process that converts light energy to _________________
Occurs in _________________ of green plants
CHLOROPLASTS
Most are located in leaves— major site of photosynthesis
Contain pigment called __________________________
Gives chloroplasts their green color
CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE
Enclosed by two membranes
Inner membrane encloses a thick fluid called stroma
Disk-shaped sacs called thylakoids are suspended in stroma
___________________: stack of thylakoids
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION
sunlight
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 sunlight
6 carbon dioxide + 6 water glucose + 6 oxygen
Occurs in two main stages:
1. light reactions
2. __________________________
CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE ORGANIZES PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Reactions take place in different areas of chloroplast:
Light reactions occur in thylakoid membranes
Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma
PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Photosynthesis Equation: sunlight
6CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
sunlight
6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water Glucose + 6 Oxygen
Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Glucose + 6 Oxygen 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water
LIGHT REACTIONSConvert energy in sunlight to chemical energy in steps
Chlorophyll molecules capture light energy (units called photons)
Captured energy is used to split water molecules photolysis
H2O O2 and H+ ions produced
LIGHT REACTIONSO2 escapes from leaf as _____________________________
H+ bonds to NADP+ (electron carrier molecule) forming NADPH
NADPH moves to stroma
ATP is produced by light energy
THE CALVIN CYCLECalvin cycle reactions are also called the light-independent or dark reactions (can occur without direct light)
Cannot continue indefinitely without two inputs supplied by light reactions:
1. ATP
2. NADPH
LIGHT ENERGY & PIGMENTS
________________________: part of the electromagnetic spectrum our eyes detect as different colors
ROY G BIV
Pigments: chemicals that absorb, transmit, or reflect different wavelengths of light
What you need to know about the light reactions
Occur on thylakoid membranes
Get energy from photons of light
Reactants: H2O, light
End products: O2, NADPH, ATP
What you need to know about the light reactions
Destination of end products:
ATP and NADPH go to stroma (Calvin cycle)
O2 leaves as waste product
What you need to know about the Calvin cycle
What are the reactants?
1. RuBP
2. NADPH
3. ATP
4. ____________
CALVIN CYCLEWhat are the end products?
- 3-carbon sugar G3P used by
plant cells to produce more
complex carbohydrates
- glucose
- ______________________
- cellulose
CALVIN CYCLEWhere does energy for Calvin cycle come from?
- ATP produced in light reactions
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
- stroma of chloroplast
SUMMARY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
LIGHT REACTIONS:
Occur on thylakoid membranes
Convert light energy to chemical energy of ATP
Use reactant H2O from the equation and releases product O2
SUMMARY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CALVIN CYCLE:
Occurs in stroma of chloroplast
Uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions
Uses the reactant CO2 from the equation and produces _________