Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Photosynthesis and
Respiration in Plantshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F8kYkn49Ec
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F8kYkn49Ec
Photosynthesis
the process by which
green plants and
some other
organisms use
sunlight to
synthesize foods
from carbon dioxide
and water.
Photosynthesis
Do not forget this equation..
Oxygen
Photosynthesis in plants
generally involves the
green pigment
chlorophyll and
generates oxygen as a
byproduct
Uses for Sugars and Energy Storage by
Plants
Glucose – provides immediate energy
for the plant
Starch – polysaccharide used for
energy storage
Cellulose – polysaccharide used to
strengthen cell wall
Life on Earth
Cyanobacteria were the architects of Earth’s Atmosphere
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7BMQAoB8IM&index=7&list=PLIp29YgfNyGCpsvY2yYS3Jfag8zUSRQ6U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7BMQAoB8IM&index=7&list=PLIp29YgfNyGCpsvY2yYS3Jfag8zUSRQ6U
Cyanobacteria (Blue-
green Algae)
From the Phylum Cyanophyta
The oldest known fossils, more than 3.5
billion years old
Some species can produce toxins
While some are healthy- Spirulina
Plant
Phylogeny
Discovery of Photosynthesis History
Greek philosophers believed plants obtained ALL nutrients
from soil.
Jan Baptista van Helmont (1579-1644) tree gained weight
from water. He had no understanding of atmospheric gases
or role of sunlight
Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) experiments placing candle
in jar with plants.
Jan Ingenhousz (1730-1799) concluded from experiments
that plants use light to produce oxygen.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14
Plant structures
Plant leaf parts
Leaf Parts
Xylem- Transports Water
Phloem- Transports Sugars
Stomata- Gas exchange
Flower Parts
Plant structures-Cells
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=ImzM9OJ
AJOQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImzM9OJAJOQ
Plant cell
Chlorophyll – pigment that reflects green
light but absorbs blue and red light
Carotenoids- pigment that reflects orange,
yellow and red light but absorbs blue and
green light
Let’s go into a plant cell
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=flLN3z9ExRc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flLN3z9ExRc
Light and dark dependent reactions
Light dependent Reactions
Sunlight hits the
chlorophyll molecules in
the thylakoid membrane
Light energy is
transferred to the
electrons
Electrons become
energized and are
passed down an Electron
Transport Chain
http://www.science.smi
th.edu/departments/Bio
logy/Bio231/ltrxn.html
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html
Calvin Cycle
1. Uses CO2 to add to a five carbon sugar
2. this sugar is split into two molecules (Phosphoglyceric
acid-PGA)
Uses ATP and NADPH to convert PGA to PGAL aldehyde
PGAL leaves to form glucose
PGAL reform with help of ATP
And back through the cycle again…
Calvin Cycle
PHEW…Everyone okay?
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a set
of metabolic reactions and processes that take
place in the cells of organisms to
convert biochemical
energy from nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste
products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy#Energy_and_lifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrientshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate
Cellular
Respiration
When a plant's cells
use respiration, they
intake oxygen and
produce energy and
carbon dioxide as a
by-product.
ATP Molecule
What processes in a cell need energy?
Active Transport, Cell Division, Cell movement,
Movement of Muscles.
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenosine molecule with 3 phosphate groups
attached.
When ATP is broken down (to form ADP), a lot of
energy is released.
When ATP is formed (from ADP), energy is stored
Where do cells get the energy to make
ATP?
Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy by breaking down food molecules in small
steps.
Converts ADP into ATP
Cellular Respiration-Two Different types
Aerobic- Presence of Oxygen
36 ATP molecules Produced
Occurs in the presence of Oxygen
Anaerobic-NO oxygen
2 ATP Molecules Produced
In this situation, fermentation
begins as an alternate form of
respiration
Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic)
Alcoholic
Fermentation
Common in
yeast cells.
CO2 and
alcohol is
produced.
Anaerobic Respiration (Anaerobic)
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Occurs in
animal muscle
cells or
lactobacillus
bacteria.
Factors that affect the rate of…
Photosynthesis
Light duration/intensity
Cellular Respiration
pH, amount of water, temperature
How a Cell Uses ATP
It must bind with a protein for its phosphate group to
be released, along with its energy.
The protein accepts the ATP, helps it release its
phosphate group, and then releases the leftover ADP
molecule.
The protein is now ready to accept a new ATP
molecule.
Energy is also used for…
Excretion
Removal of waste products
from cells
Transport
Moving nutrients and waste
products in an organism
Function of blood
Cellular Respiration
Occurs in the Mitochondria of a Cell
What’s going on in the Mitochondria?
Glycolosis- the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6,
into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) chemical reactions used by all aerobic
organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-
CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon
dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate,
(ATP.)
Electron Transport Chain-
compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron
acceptors , and couples with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across
a membrane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_organismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transferhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_donorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_acceptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane
Overall, aerobic respiration produces a
total of 36 molecules of ATP
Glycolysis 2 ATP
Kerbs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP
Total ATP Produced 36 ATP
ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate “molecular money”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY
Bringing back that old food chain
Primary Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary
Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quaternary
Consumer
Decomposers
Chemosynthesizers
Organisms that make their food versus those that do not.
Autotrophs
Organisms that use energy from
the sun to convert water and
carbon dioxide into glucose.
Includes:
Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot fix (change)
carbon from inorganic to organic
carbon to use for growth
Includes:
Photoheterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Heterotrophs
Decomposers
Organisms that break
down dead or decaying
organisms
Chemotrophs
Detrivores
Worms, slugs, snails
Saprotrophic fungi
Bacteria
Bacillus subtilis
Pseudomonas
florescens
Chemosynthesis…
Organisms use
chemicals instead of
sunlight to make food.
Example:
chemosynthetic
bacteria deep in the
ocean
Ex. Bacteria and
tubeworms near
geothermal vents deep
in ocean
Questions for thought
Why were cyanobacteria important to life on
earth?
Are all organisms that photosynthesize considered
autotrophs?
How are chloroplasts important to you and me?