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Photons of Light
• The smallest unit of light is a photon
• A photon is often called a particle of light
• The Energy of an individual photon depends on its wavelength (frequency)
• The Energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency:
E = h f = hc /
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Energy Levels and Spectral Lines
Absorption vs. Emission
Unique Spectral Lines for Atoms
More Emission Lines
Molecular Bands
Temperature Affects Absorption
Taking a Temperature
Thermal Radiation
Color Related to Temperature
Spectra in the Lab
Spectrum from Mars
Doppler Shift
Doppler Shifted Spectral Lines
Doppler Broadening
![Multiplying and detecting propagating microwave photons using … · such as of antibunched photons [34,35], nonclassical photon pairs [24,28,31,36], and multiphoton Fock states [40,41]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/60fd33a14b0e0c4c127bf4e2/multiplying-and-detecting-propagating-microwave-photons-using-such-as-of-antibunched.jpg)
