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WOBS 2006
D.Simeonidou, G. Zervas, R. NejabatiPhotonic Networks Laboratory
Electronic Systems Engineering Dept University of Essex, UKColchester CO4 5UT
Photonic Routers Supporting Application-Driven Bandwidth Reservations at Sub-Wavelength Granularity
WOBS 2006
Networks are expected to support an increasingly diverse set of applications Telecommunications, Grid, eScience, eHealth, eStorage, eContent, emerging broadband services (infotainment, interactivity, mobility, 3-D imaging…)Demands triggered by applications are having direct impact on the network data and control plane technologies
Advances in networking technologies Support the evolution of existing applicationsEnable the emergence of new applications
Optical networks already play an important role in supporting new applications and services
Optical networks research had/has to fit into the new overall network scenario
New Considerations for Optical Networking Research
WOBS 2006
Convergence of applications & networking research: drives a revolution in networking creating new network models and architectures:
Optical network architectures for new service delivery modelsDynamic, multi-service, user/application controlled networks, application aware optical networks, etc
New concepts for network and service managementNetwork information and control exposed to the service layerHigher layer intelligence migrating in the network layer
Service oriented networks or service aware networks Intelligent networking providing advanced application driven services (collaborative services)
Applications & Networks Convergence
WOBS 2006
Collaborative Network Services
What are collaborative network services?A collection of network resources deployed by shared and geographically distributed facilities (user terminals, instrumentation, computing, storage, digital repositories, archives…)
Why collaborative network services? Science, research, education, medicine, business have no bound and are based on collaboration of international expertisesCreation of distributed virtual facilities for sharing resources
WOBS 2006
Trends in Collaborative Network Services
Today’s optical network infrastructure for collaborative servicesData intensive users (mainly scientific)Optical network provides dedicated end-to-end high-bandwidth (λ) connections
Well known virtual organisationsStatic or semi-static point-to-point connections
long-lived wavelength paths between client and resourcesCentralized service management strategies
Emerging collaborative services: Need infrastructures that makes vast amount of storage and computation resources potentially available to a large number of users.
Distributed virtual laboratoriesDigital libraries and data repositoriesRemote medicineConsumer services: immersive interactive learning environments and gaming
WOBS 2006
Application Driver: e-science
e-science: global, large scale scientific collaborations enabled through distributed computational and communication infrastructureradio astronomy
Electronic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (eVLBI)2005 ~= 512mbs -> 1 Gbs2006 up to 20 Gbs2008 up to 40+ Gbs
WOBS 2006
WesterborkNetherlands
DedicatedGbit link
OnsalaSweden
Gbit link
Jodrell BankUK
DwingelooDWDM linkCambridge
UK
MERLIN
MedicinaItaly
Chalmers University
of Technology, Gothenburg
TorunPoland
Gbit link
Application Driver: Radio Astronomy Experiments
WOBS 2006
Evolving Collaborative Services:Global Distributed Virtual e-science Laboratories
Example :Neptune ProjectJoint US-Canadian project to build large undersea fiber network (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon)Interconnect instrumentation devices, robotic submarines, sensors, cameras
Oceanography, seismology, deep sea ecologyDistributed computing and data storage devices on CA*net 4 and Internet 2 will be used to analyze and store dataAll devices available to researchers connected to CA*net 4 and Internet 2 networks
WOBS 2006
Application Driven Optical Network-Evolution 1
Distributed, shared resources interconnected by plentiful bandwidth (DWDM)
Wavelength switchingData intensive applications can ask the optical network for any point-to-point connectivityHigh bandwidth dedicated links, dynamically allocated on-demand or by scheduled reservation
WOBS 2006
The Optical Network Backbone for High Performance-Data Intensive Applications
DATA
Data Intensive Application
OXC 1
Resource Broker
GMPLS Control Plane (traditional)
OUNI (standardised)
ResourceInformation
Physical layer adaptation
ComputationalResource
Physical layer adaptation
Optical Transport Network
Application middleware
OXC 2
User
Data/ Query
Data/ Query
Data/ Query
Data/ Query
Lightpathprovisioning API
IP Network
DATA
WOBS 2006
New Applications and User Requirements are Emerging
Increasingly organisations, societies or individuals want to communicate, access information or collaborate using networks
Need infrastructures that makes vast resources potentially available to a large number of users
Service oriented network concept must be extended to wider group of users
CHALLENGEDefine generic network architecture that can adapt to any user and service requirements
WOBS 2006
Application Driven Optical Network-Evolution 2 Optical Burst Switching (OBS)
OBS can provide transport for highly demanding collaborative applicationsOffers sub-wavelength granularity and high spectral efficiencyAccommodates medium and large size jobsShort lived & long lived relationshipsFrom packet level to circuit (wavelength) levelBurst terminal can communicate directly with multiple destinations across a network Native mapping between bursts and jobs
WOBS 2006
Programmable OBS Networking: An Infrastructure for Collaborative Services
Focus is to :Enable network to directly offer resources (network and data) as serviceTo migrate service layer functionality close to the optical layer
Network elements are able to recognise and process application demands/request
To offer resources as a serviceTo facilitate intelligent discovery of distributed resources across the network To cope with random changes user patterns, demands for resources (storage/processing) as well as availability of resources
To provide network with self-organisation abilityTopology set-up
WOBS 2006
Job Construction Scheme: User/Application Side
job ID
source node
job requirementsBWProcessorMemoryDeadline
Job Specification
Offset time
Burst Control PacketData Burst
Active ActiveResource Request
1.Active Burst
Job Spec.Job Specification
Offset time
Burst Control PacketData Burst
Active ActiveResource Request
1.Active Burst
Job Spec.
Complete User Job
Actual Job
Offset time
Burst Control Packet
Non-ActiveNon-Active
Data Burst
Job Header2.
Non-Active BurstActual Job
First stageSecond stage
job ID
Payload TypeActive
OBS parameterPayload lengthOffset time
job ID
source node
Actual job data
job ID
Payload TypeNon-Active
OBS parameterPayload lengthOffset time
WOBS 2006
Active OBS Router Architecture
Centre to the programmable OBS network is ACTIVE OBS ROUTER
Normally routers perform forward functionalityThe Active OBS router performs compute-forward functionality (i.e. compute on Job requests)Routing engine: optical switchProcessing engine: high performance NP
User controlled networking functionalities:Quality of service (Data and Network)Reliable multicastCBR
PassivePort
Active Port
Data Plane
E/O
BCP
Active Burst Processor
Active Network Interface
Application Programming Interface (API)
Manag-ment
Network Processor
Switch FabricInterface
PolicyScheduler
BlockMapper
Pattern Matching
Data Manipulation
Pattern Matching
QueueManagement
Memory
ElectronicInterface
O/E/O
ElectronicInterface
O/E/O
Burst
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Network Scenario
Principle of networking conceptSome OBS router in network topology are active nodesActive OBS routers must performs resource discovery algorithm on user requests Other OBS routers simply route and forwards the Burst
Small User
Active OBS Router
OBS Router
Scientific User
Computational & storageresources
Traditional OBS User
Traditional OBS User
Computational & storageresources
Traditional OBS User
Computational & storageresources
Small User
Active OBS Router
OBS Router
Scientific User
Computational & storageresources
Scientific User
Computational & storageresources
Traditional OBS User
Traditional OBS User
Computational & storageresources
Traditional OBS User
Computational & storageresources
WOBS 2006
Job Submission and Execution
The application submits a service request (BW + Resource) to the middleware, which processes it and forwards it to the network ingress node The edge device will formulate the client request into an active burstThe active burst will be multicasted to active routers in the network for resource discoveryThe result of resource discovery will be sent back to the application/user by the active routers.The application/user chooses one of the possible optical path+resourcesThe application data is encapsulated into a passive data burst and routed to the selected resource
WOBS 2006
Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switching (OBCS) for future applications
Optical networking should optimally serve users/applications with diverse network requirements (BW, latency, setup time etc.) without compromising the network utilisation
Application-aware optical-burst/circuit switched (OBCS) network is a promising solution
Optical circuit switching (OCS) addressing bandwidth requirements for data intensive services (particle physics, radio-astronomy) involving well-known scientific user communities through
long lived wavelength paths
Optical burst switching (OBS) addressing bandwidth and network requirements for increasing emerging and evolving applications (e-health)
Short lived bandwidth reservations
Solution: Hybrid OCS/OBS networks
WOBS 2006
Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switched Ingress Edge Router
Input line cardForwarding engine
Output line cardCoS provisioning – Assembly (Burst or Circuit) – Resource allocation (E/O)
OBS
E/O
E/O
E/O
PCS RAS
CoS -
ParserAssembly/
Queuing BufferOutput/ Output/
Scheduling Scheduling BufferBuffer
Switch OOUUTTPPUUTT
LLIINNEE
CCAARRDD
Input Line card
Forwarding Engin
e
Headers
OCS
AS
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Hybrid OBCS Ingress Router Architecture
FPGA Prototype Board
SG-DBR
λ-allocation
DAC DAC
IP Tra
ffic
Genera
tion @
2.5 G
bps
CoSTraffi
c
Differe
ntiatio
n
λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4, λ5
BCH Generation
OB Generation
@ 2.5 Gbps
@ 2.5 Gbps
Optical amplifier
4-1 coupler
Polarization controller
Mach-Zehndermodulator
DFB Laser
AW
G
Buffers
Scheduler
OC Generation
Hybrid OBCS Ingress Router architecture incorporatesHigh-speed packet classification
Optical circuit generation
Optical Burst aggregation and generation
Wavelength allocation
WOBS 2006
Edge Router Results
Optical circuit and bursts over 4 different wavelengths
OBSOCS
200µs/diva)
BCH
b) 6 µs/divλ3
λ2
λ4 λ5
λ1
offset
Asynchronous Optical Burst Ethernet Switched (OBES) control plane (continuous data)
Asynchronous aggregation and transmission of variable length bursts with variable offset times (Burst mode)
Burst Control Header (BCH) over OBES control plane at 2.5 Gbps
10 ns/div
c).
BCH @ 2.5 GbpsBCH @ 2.5 Gbps
1550.11 nm 1555.74 nm 1559.79 nm1542.14 nm 1550.11 nm 1555.74 nm 1559.79 nm1542.14 nm
c)
15.2 dB
Bursts @ 10 GbpsBursts @ 10 Gbps
200 200 psps/div/div
WOBS 2006
Core OBS Node Technology
Traditionally OBS switches are based on slow switching technology (e.g. MEMs)
Suitable for long bursts with large offset timeNot suitable for networks with large number of users transmitting small data bursts
Not efficient for short bursts with short offset time
Combination of fast and slow optical switching technology is emerging for future OBS networks
SOA based switch technology for fast switchingMEM based switch technology for slow switching
WOBS 2006
Core OBS Node Architecture
SOA
6dB
GCSR Tun. Laser
DI: 6.45cm
Label Extraction
10%
90%
Optical Packet Switch input
F P G A b o a r d
λ0
D/A
CD
/A C
IC
IR
λ1 λ4
EAM÷4
Optical Burst Switch Control
Serial to parallel
Parallel to serial
AW
G
IM
PM
λconv1
λconv2
λconv3
λconv4
SOA
SOA
SOA
SOA
1
Pow
er m
on
Com
bine
r
Pow
er
adju
stm
ent
CCU
2
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on
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bine
r
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er
adju
stm
ent
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er m
on
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bine
r
Pow
er
adju
stm
ent
3
SMU1Pow
er m
on
1
8
1
8
1
8
8 1
EDFA
EDFA
EDFA
Drop
λ9
λ16
λ9
λ16
λ9
λ16
81
Pow
er m
on
1
2
3
Pow
er m
on
SMU8
EDFA
EDFA
EDFA
CDU8x8
1
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er m
on
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bine
r
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er
adju
stm
ent
2
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on
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er
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ent
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on
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er
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ent
3
MEMPow
er m
on
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
8 1
EDFA
EDFA
EDFA
ADD
λ9
λ16
λ9
λ16
λ9
λ16
81
Pow
er m
on
1
2
3
Pow
er m
on
MEM8
EDFA
EDFA
EDFA
8x8
OXCmxm
Control Header ProcessingO E
l1
λ n
λ1
λ n
l m
λ1
FastSwitch
OXCmxm
OXCmxm
Fast Switch
…
…
…
WOBS 2006
Edge & Core Routers
Burst Generator
+Tuneable laser
Fast SOA-Based
Switch
SlowMem-based
Switch
FPGAFPGAGCSRGCSRTunable Tunable LaserLaser
WOBS 2006
Conclusions
Technology trends for application driven (service-oriented) optical network infrastructure.
Existing wavelength switched network infrastructureNovel programmable network architecture based on active optical burst switching
Transport format has been tailored to provide network level application awarenessArchitecture utilizes advanced hardware solutions and new protocols
