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PHOTOAiks S. Guerrero
CA140 Presentation
Photography
the study of capturing and making permanent
images through light-sensitive materials and
equipment.
Fotos light
Graphos to write / draw writing or drawing
with light
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Basic Elements of Photography
Lines ShapesColors Patterns
Textures Composition
Balance Rhythm
Harmony Image size
Angles
Lines
Shows direction and distance; showsedges of shapes; gives impression action,strength and force; gives cue on thedirection of force or action; can lead eyesto the center of focus
Photographers often use line to create asense of depth in a flat two-dimensionalsurface.
Curve line usually conveys a softer andmore graceful feeling (i.e. spiralstaircase)
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a. Straight
i. Horizontal rest, stability,
tranquility, calmness
ii. Diagonal action, uncertainty,
creates tension
iii. Vertical strength, power, stature
Thick vertical line strength
Thin vertical line fragility
Curve
flowing, continuous (soft)
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Space nothingness; when
enclosed by a line, a shape is
formed
Positive space the subject
Negative space (Negative space,
in art, is the space around and
between the subject(s) of an
image.)Pause blank gives emphasis
Space
Rubin's vase is an optical illusion
in which the negative space
around the vase forms the
silhouettes of two faces in
profile, a well-known example offigure-ground reversal.
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Shape
is formed when a space is enclosed by a
line.
Open shapes have protrusions; can
integrate easily when put together.
Closed shapes no trace of protrusions;
have difficulty integrating when put
together.
Shape
Organic shapes reminds us of living
things i.e. plants and animals
Geometric shapes inorganic matter;
measurable and exact
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Color
Value property of color that
determines lightness and darkness of a
color
i. Tints hue combined with white (a
neutral)
ii. Tones
hue combined with gray (a
neutral)
iii. Shades hue combined with black (a
neutral)
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Color
Intensity
property of color thatdictates the brightness an dullness of
color
Hue property of color that makes it
that color / identifies the color.
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Color
i. Primary colors red, blue, yellow
ii. Secondary colors orange, violet,
green
iii. Tertiary colors red orange, yellow
orange, yellow green, blue green, blueviolet, red violet
Primary + Primary = Secondary colors
Secondary + Primary = Tertiary colors
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Color Wheel
Monochromatic
produced by 1 hueonly
Analogous 3 adjacent colors in the
color wheel
Complimentary 2 opposite colors in
the color wheel
Double complimentary
4 colors of 2
complimentary colors adjacent to each
other in the color wheel
Color Wheel
Split complimentary 3 colors choosing
the adjacent to the complimentary color
Double split complimentary 6 colors of
2 split complimentary colors opposite to
each other
Triad
3 colors determined by the sidesof an imaginary triangle on the color
wheel
Tetrad 4 colors determined by the sides
of an imaginary square on the color
wheel
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Color Wheel
Monochromatic produced by 1 hue
only
Analogous 3 adjacent colors in the
color wheel
Complimentary
2 opposite colors inthe color wheel
Double complimentary 4 colors of 2
complimentary colors adjacent to each
other in the color wheel
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Color Wheel
Split complimentary
3 colors choosingthe adjacent to the complimentary color
Double split complimentary 6 colors of
2 split complimentary colors opposite to
each other
Triad 3 colors determined by the sides
of an imaginary triangle on the color
wheel Tetrad 4 colors determined by the sides
of an imaginary square on the color
wheel
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Texture
adds strong sense of what is
real when it appeals to sense of
touch; reveals nature of surface
(soft, rough, smooth, hard,
porous) is the smoothness or roughness
of object; need to feel three-
dimensional objects
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Balance
Symmetrical formal balance
Asymmetrical informal balance
Radial balance elements leading
toward a focal point
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Harmony
attained through similarity of
elements.
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Rhythm
imaginary movement within a still frame;
repetition of shapes; alternation of
certain lines.
attained through the following principles:
Repetition
Alternation
Progression from smooth to rough.
Small to large, light to dark
Continuous line movement
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Repetition
Alternation
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Alternation
Progression
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Progression
Continuous or Freeze
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Continuous or Freeze
Rhythm and Harmony
When similar shapes, line and color
are repeated, it creates rhythm and
harmony.
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The Visual Graphics
Visual Design
in any image, there
is the assemblage of elements;
sometimes called as process,
composition or design
Common Principles of
Visual Design
Principle of Grouping by similarity
and proximity
Principle of Separation contrast
(i.e. smooth and rough, black andwhite, warm and cool colors,
straight and curved lines)
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Common Principles of
Visual Design Figure on Top of the a Ground
deals with the perception of a
figure that is on top of a
background (i.e. enclosed area,
smaller area, textured area, simple
pattern, lower portion, warm
colors)
Principles of giving Depthor Extension of Space
i. size perspective
ii. aerial perspective
iii. overlap
iv. linear perspectivev. one point
vi. two points
vii. light and shade
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Proportion
relationship in terms of size and
space among the elements.
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Composing the elements
Creating dynamism is creating
tension and movement thru the
manipulation of balance which is a
distribution of visual weight.
Rule of the Thirds
is the golden
mean; technique in producing /
composing good photographs; divides
3 equal parts frame vertically or
horizontally
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Camera Angle (Composition)
Shot from below projection of
power and dominance
Shot from above subject
diminishes in importance
Low angle
High angle
Image size
through natural framing(a frame within a picture frame)
and cropping
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Understanding Exposure, Depth
of Field and Focus
Exposure when light goes through
the lens and strikes the film
i. Normal exposure has proper
amount of light
ii. Over exposure gets too much light;
light tone or washout color
iii. Under exposure
has too little light;picture is dark
Underexposed
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Underexposed
Underexposed
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Overexposed
Overexposed
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F-STOPS
F-STOPS (Depth of Field)
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Digital Photography
Digital cameras have SENSOR that
converts light into electrical charges; it
is recording the image in a digital form.
Image sensor of a digital camera is a
CCD
charged-coupled device.
Some low-end cameras use
complementary metal oxide
semiconductor or CMOS technology.
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Digital Photography
CCD is a collection of light sensitive
diodes which converts photons into
electrons or electrical charges.
Diodes are called photosites.
Digital Imaging
Digital imaging or digital image
acquisition is the creation of digital
images, typically from a physical scene.
The term is often assumed to imply or
include the processing, compression,storage, printing, and display of such
images. The most usual method is by
digital photography with a digital
camera but other methods are also
employed.
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Digital imaging has the capabilities of
producing surrealistic, out of this
world, yet fully believable images.
The technology behind a typical
photograph and digital image are very
different from one another.
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Graphic Design
Graphic design is a creative process
most often involving a client and a
designer and usually completed in
conjunction with producers of form
(i.e., printers, signmakers, etc.)
Undertaken in order to convey a
specific message (or messages) to a
targeted audience.
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Graphic Design
The term "graphic design" can also
refer to a number of artistic and
professional disciplines that focus on
visual communication and
presentation.
The field as a whole is also often
referred to as Visual Communication
or Communication Design.
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Various methods are used to create
and combine words, symbols, and
images to create a visual
representation of ideas and messages.
A graphic designer may use a
combination of typography, visual artsand page layout techniques to
produce the final result.
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Graphic design often refers to both
the process (designing) by which the
communication is created and theproducts (designs) which are
generated.
Common uses of graphic design
include identity (logos and branding),
publications (magazines, newspapers,
and books), advertisements andproduct packaging.
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Visual Arts
Before any graphic elements may be
applied to a design, the graphic
elements must be originated by
means of visual art skills. These
graphics are often (but not always)
developed by a graphic designer.
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Visual Arts
Visual arts include works which are
primarily visual in nature using
anything from traditional media, to
photography or computer
generated art. Graphic design
principles may be applied to each
graphic art element individually as
well as to the final composition.
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Questions?
Thank you.
- The End -