PHOTO CATALYTIC OXIDATION

PASSIVE OXIDATIVETECHNOLOGY

Acknowledges that HVAC systems play a role in the dissemination of diseases in

buildings

Key points:Infectious diseases can be

transmitted via an airborne path

Designers have a responsibility to minimize that potential

Dilution ventilation Building pressure control

Filtration Oxidative technologies,

UVGI, PCO

ASHRAE Position Paper, June, 2009

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Passive Oxidation

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What is the Product? How does the panel work? Testing Product Features Design Considerations Why they buy Applications

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What is the product?Photo Catalytic Oxidation Panel (produces oxidizing agent)

First Glance: Filter with a light in it?

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Not a Filter / Is a PCO Panel

Think it is a filter; we have plenty It is a panel and we have nothing like this Filter = Commodity Panel = Technology Filter = Everyone sells Panel = Let us consider, More information needed

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How does the panel work?Have you ever used hydrogen peroxide on a cut?Did it bubble and boil up?What was it doing? Destroying infection causing virus, bacteria and spores.Our panels create OH. We are trying to replicate the natural process the troposphere uses to clean the air we breathe. “Detergent of the atmosphere”Katja Riedel and Keith Lassey explain how OH, the hydroxyl radical, works to cleansethe atmosphere of harmful trace gases. “Introducing OH, the hydroxyl radicalAlthough it makes up about a fifth of our atmosphere, oxygen (O2) is not the main oxidant. Other molecules that are produced naturally in the atmosphere, including ozone (O3), the nitrate radical (NO3), and the hydroxyl radical (OH), are much more reactive, even if their atmospheric concentrations are low. Radicals are highly reactive because they have unpaired electrons which tend to transfer to other molecules.The OH radical is the most important oxidant in the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere (below about 10 km). Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen coined the phrase “detergent of the atmosphere” to describe this important cleansing role of OH. Most of the trace gases found in the troposphere are oxidised by OH into water-soluble products that are washed out by rain and snow. Specifically, OH is responsible for oxidising carbon monoxide (CO) and other carbon-based molecules, such as methane (CH4).”Water & Atmosphere 16(1) 2008http://www.niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/import/attachments/detergent.pdf 

Caution: Two Types – Active (No people) Passive (Safe for Occupied Spaces)7

Photocatalysis Process

Redox reaction: A reaction in which electrons are transferred from a donor (the reducing agent) to

an acceptor molecule (the oxidizing agent)

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Testing / Does it Work?Extensive 3rd Party and Field Testing

Sample results from 3rd party testing. (With no pre-filter)PCO shows a single pass reduction in microbial

contaminants.9

Expected Results: Lower levels of VOC’s and

Bio-aerosols in the conditioned space

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Residential Unit Single Panel

Scalable / Easy Retrofit Product Features:

Array of PanelsSide or Front Load

San Francisco Airport

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AHU’s:Location – In Air Stream Preferred down stream of coilAdvantages - Low pressure drop (.05@500fpm) Easy to Service (12,000hr lamp) Requires little space (6” panel) Low energy (Cost of ODA) Sustainable (15 year panel) One Device – Three Solutions Cleans Coil Reduces VOCs Destroys Bio aerosols12

Design Goal (Global / At the Source) Panels encompass the entire airstream in a rack (Location) Collection & Type of Contaminates (Source & Concentration) Destroys in the airstream within the panel (Residence time) Does not broadcast agents into the occupied space

Design Considerations:

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Hospitals:• Odors……. Heliports & Generators• Surface Recharge• Integrity of Design• The O.R. no one will use• State of the Art

Schools:Average Daily AttendanceResistant Strains (T.B.)E.P.A. “Tools for Schools”Lost teaching daysComplaints

Airports:OdorsAirborne pandemic

Casinos:SmokeMoney RoomsEmployee health (Liability Issues)

Animal Care:Kennel CoughOdorsAirborne Viral

Why they buy:

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Applications Factory Mounted Retrofit RTU’s Induct Standalone Portable15

Factory mounted AHU (Trane PCC / Custom)Trane Performance Climate Changer

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AHU Retrofit:

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Curb Mounted RTU / Thybar

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PanelInCurbSupply

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Induct:

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Standalone:

InletDuctedAttached toFilter grilles

SupplyOut

Portable:

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Hospital St. Luke’s Vintage Houston TX1. Source Location a. Close proximity to freeway b. Non attainment area c. Automotive and Diesel exhaust migrating into

fresh air vents. d. Ongoing construction2. Type of Problem a. Ultra fine particles from outdoor pollution ODA - TVOC load. b. Biologic reduction ( Risk reduction HAI ) 3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Limited access behind air handles b. Factory Trane Install for new hospital c. Four story facility 250,000 sq ft.

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 8-Trane Air handlers b. 8-2008 Standard PCP Systems c. 48-PCP Standard Catalyst Panels d. 112 Assorted UVGI lamps e. Spec Merv 13 pre filters in non critical areas and

HEPA Filtration in Critical Areas

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Hospital John Muir Medical Center Concord CA1. Source Location a. Close proximity to freeway b. Non attainment area c. Close proximity to Helicopter Landing Pad d. Ongoing construction2. Type of Problem a. Ultra fine particles from outdoor pollution and

high outdoor TVOC load. b. Stage 1 for helicopter odors c. Stage 2 Critical areas bio aerosol reduction 3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Limited access behind air handles b. Dedicated fresh air unit for c. Five story 168 bed facility d. Field Retro

4. Equipment sizing and location a. One custom dedicated fresh air unit b. Stage 2, three AHUS

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Hospital Terrebonne General Medical Houma LA1. Source Location a. High environmental fungal levels b. Physical Training Weight Room c. Limited Ventilation d. High people traffic2. Type of Problem a. Odors from physical training b. Biologic reduction (Risk Reduction HAI )3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Rooftop mechanical room isolated b. Field retrofit c. Four story facility 400,000 sq ft.

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 1-Trane Air handlers b. 1-2008 Standard PCP Systems c. 2-PCP Standard Catalyst Panels d. 8 Assorted UVGI lamps e. Spec MERV 13 pre filters in non critical areas

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Airports San Francisco Airport T 2 Terminal

1. Source Location a. Jet Exhaust and Jet Fuel from runways & gates b. Large volume of people c. High levels of outdoor air required by code

2. Type of Problem a. High levels of outdoor CO & TVOCs

3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Humid environment / cost of maintenance using capture systems b. Ineffective (off gassing) c. Cost prohibitive 18 month replacement cycle

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 9 Custom AHUs totaling 539,000 cfm b. 474 Catalyst Panels 576 UVGI Lamps c. Equipment installed in the mixing box before the coils because of existing humidity levels and AHU manufacture specs.

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Labs Medical Examiners Office & Labs 1. Source Location a. Decomposition bodies in various locations b. The issue - cadavers are moved through out building

2. Type of Problem a. Odors & bio-hazards b. The exhaust system was contaminating an area of several blocks around the facility.

3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Units had to be near the source b. 12 inch wide returns

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 2 custom 2006 DTs and 4 portable 2006 GS b. The GS units are moved to populates areas. c. The DT units are in the returns near the source of the contamination.

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Casino & Bingo Mohawk Bingo Palace and Casino

1. Source Location a. Environmental Tobacco Smoke

2. Type of Problem a. 30 foot open dome building b. 1600 bingo seats c. HVAC returns are in central location and out of smoke layer. d. Ash tray every 4 feet with 3 to 5 burning

3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Placement of inlets in smoke layer b. 12 inch wide returns c. Incorporated with EMS system

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 18 2008 GS Units 2 2008 B3s & 6 2008 DTs b. GS units mounted 13 foot level in the smoke layer. c. odor control / AHU return grill mounted

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Schools Bellevue Elementary

1. Source Location a. New Construction Late 2009 b. Outdoor Mold and Pollen c. Long Winters 2. Type of Problem a. Under ventilation in winter months b. 80% carpet facility c. Permanent animals in some classrooms

3. Personnel Location & Challenges a. Long Winters less ventilation b. Crowded Classrooms c. Chemicals brought from home by staff to spray or burn in classrooms

4. Equipment sizing and location a. 5 Trane M Series Air Handlers b. Genesis Air units field installed in AHUs during construction c. odor control & biologic control d. Case study available

Prisons

Ramsey County Prison St Paul, MN

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Helping Hands for Humanity Animal Shelter Topeka, KA

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Laughlin AFBFuel Maintenance Hanger & PT Building

Fort Sam HoustonCorp of Engineers Regional Offices&Dorm 1001

FLETC PT Building & Command Building

Goodfellow AFBSchool Age Facility& Pipeline Dormitory

Federal

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Where is This Technology is Use?Federal, State & Local Government

914 Airlift Wing Fire and Crash Rescue Station, Niagara Falls, New YorkAguadilla, Puerto Government Center Camp Pendleton Fire Station, Camp Pendleton, California City of Norman Library, Norman, OklahomaCity of Norman Police Station, Norman, OklahomaCity of Scottsdale Technology Center , Scottsdale ArizonaCity of Scottsdale Office Complex , Scottsdale ArizonaDepartment of Public Safety, Austin, Texas El Paso VA Clinic, El Paso, TexasFLETC Command Building, PT Building, Artesia, New MexicoFort Sam Houston Building 4196, San Antonio, TexasGeorge Bush Library, Dallas Texas Goodfellow AFB Pipeline Dormitory, School Age Facility, San Angelo, TexasJohnson County Communications Center, Kansas City Kansas Lackland AFB MP Canine Training Facility, San Antonio, TexasLaughlin AFB Fuel Systems Building, PT Building, Del Rio, TexasLong Beach Fire Station, Long Beach, CaliforniaMargaret Chase Smith Federal Building, Bangor, Maine Marshal Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AlabamaNational Archives and Records Administration, St Louis, Missouri New Jersey State Police Office, West Trenton, New JerseyNorth Little Rock VA Hospital , North Little Rock AROcean County Health Department, Toms River, New JerseyOhio University, Athens, OhioPatrick Air Force Base, Cape Canaveral, FloridaPlano Police Department Evidence Room, Plano, TXRamsey County Prison, Maplewood, Minnesota St. Croix County Government Center, Hudson WI University of Chicago Zoology, Chicago, IllinoisU.S. Postal Service, Sundown, TexasWright-Patterson AFB

Airports

Birmingham-Shuttlesworth Int Concessions, Birmingham, AlabamaDetroit Metro Airport-Delta Terminal, Detroit, MichiganJFK International-Delta Delta Terminal, New York, New YorkOakland Int. Airport FAA Control Tower Oakland, CaliforniaSan Francisco Airport T2 Terminal, San Francisco, CaliforniaSan Francisco Airport 575 T1 TerminalSan Diego Airport T2 Terminal, San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego Airport, San Diego, California Extra Unit

Hospitals Labs & Cleanrooms

Analytical Food Labs, Grand Prairie, Texas Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, ArkansasAtlanta Medical Center (TENET) Atlanta GeorgiaBaylor Medical Invetro Clinic, Dallas, TexasBig Spring VA, Big Spring, TexasBrookwood Medical Center, Birmingham, AlabamaCCMC Ambulatory Service Center, Bloomfield, ConnecticutCitrus Memorial Health Center, Inverness, FloridaCitizens Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas Conroe Regional Hospital, Conroe, TexasCypress Fairbanks Medical Center Houston, TexasDeaconess IVF Center, Boston MassachusettsDel Ray Medical Center, Del Ray FloridaDr Spenelli, NYC, New YorkDurango Mexica Hospital, MexicoForbes Regional Hospital ER, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaFort Smith Health Care Center, Yellow Knife, NT CanadaGateway Health Center Laredo, Texas Grand Junction VA, Grand Junction, ColoradoGunderson Lutheran Hospital, Lacrosse, WisconsinHancock Health Center, Round Rock, Texas Integrated Cancer Center, El Paso, TexasJohn Muir Hospital, Oakland, CaliforniaKingsbrook Medical Center, Brooklyn New York Koch Cordis Class 100 Cleanroom, Juarez, MexicoLas Cruces Surgical Center, Las Cruces, New MexicoLahey Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts Lubbock County Medical Examiner’s Office, Lubbock, TexasMid Michigan Medical Center, Midland, MichiganNE Alabama Medical Center, Anniston, AlabamaNew Albany Medical Center, Columbus, OhioPalm Beach gardens Medical Center, Palm Beach Florida Park Plaza Medical Center, Houston, TexasPortsmouth Regional Hospital, Portsmouth, New HampshireProvidence Main Surgery, Midland Texas Quebec, CanadaRincon Health Center, Rincon, Puerto

Riviera Beach Health Clinic, West Palm Beach FloridaRound Rock Hospital, Round Rock, TexasRuby Hospital, Morgantown, West VirginiaSarasota Memorial, Fort Meyers, FloridaScott & White Hospital College StationSt David's Medical Lakeside, Bastrop, Texas St Joseph Mercy, Oakland, MichiganSt Joseph Hospital, Tampa, Florida ER & PathologySt Luke’s Vintage Hospital, Houston, TexasStamford Bennett Cancer Center Stamford, Connecticut Tenet Hilton Head Hospital, Hilton Head, South Carolina Terrebonne General Medical Center (TGMC) Houma LA TTUHSC, Lubbock, TexasTTUHSC, El Paso, TexasU of LH Pharmacy Clean Room Class 1000, Louisville, KentuckyTerrebonne General Medical Center (TGMC) Houma LAWellstar Douglas Hospital Labor & Delivery, Douglas GeorgiaWest Boca Medical Center, Boca Raton, FloridaWest Boca Medical Center (TENET), Boca Raton, FloridaWilliam P Clements Jr. University Hospital,(UTSW) Dallas, Texas (2015)Weill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University, New York City, New York

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