Photo 1 Midterm Review

8/8/2019 Photo 1 Midterm Review

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PHOTO 1MIDTERM REVIEW!


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THESE TOPICS

WILL BE COVERED

1. Shutter speed

2. Aperture3. Depth of field4. Point of departure5. Light metering &

grey cards6. Bracketing7. Equivalent exposures

8. Film speed

9. Parts of the enlarger10. Easels11. Dodging & burning12. Processing film

13. Darkroom chemistry14. Photoshop15. Principles of Composition


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shutter speed


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What is this?


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What is this?

shutter speed dial


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What is this?

What does it do?

shutter speed dial


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What is this?

What does it do?

shutter speed dial

controls how long the shutter isopen - in fractions of a second


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What is this?

What does it do?

What does shutter speed TECHNICALLY control inyour photograph?

shutter speed dial



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What is this?

What does it do?


shutter speed dial


how long the shutter is open - how much LIGHT gets in


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What is this?

What does it do?


What does shutter speed CREATIVELY control inyour photograph?

shutter speed dial




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What is this?

What does it do?


What does shutter speed CREATIVELY control inyour photograph?

shutter speed dial



a sense of MOVEMENT or MOTION


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What does the B stand for?


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What does it do?

bulb


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What does it do?

bulb

lets you have complete controlover shutter speed


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What does it do?

bulb


How?


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What does it do?

bulb


press the shutter release once to open the shutter, thena second time to close it

How?


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What does it do?

When would you use this?

bulb



How?


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What does it do?

When would you use this?

bulb


if you want a REALLY long exposure time - maybe toshow city lights at night, or the movement of water over

a long period of time, etc.


How?


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What is this?


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What is this?

a tripod


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What is this?

a tripod

When do you use this?


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What is this?

a tripod


at shutter speeds of 1/60 or below


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What is this?

a tripod



What happens if you dont?


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What is this?

a tripod



What happens if you dont?it will be blurry and you will be disappointed. I promise.


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If you wanted to take a picture of a running man sothat the action would be frozen - what shutter

speed might you try?


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speed might you try? 1/1000


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speed might you try?What if you wanted to show movement - howwould you do that?

1/1000


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1/1000

1/30 (blur)


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1/1000

1/30 (blur)

1/30 & panning (sharper subject, blurred background)


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aperture


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What is this?


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aperture ring

What is this?


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What does it do?

aperture ring

What is this?


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What does it do?

aperture ring

controls the size of the aperture,measured in -stops

What is this?


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What does it do?

aperture ring


What is this?

A low -stop number = a __________ aperture.


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What does it do?

aperture ring


What is this?

A low -stop number = a __________ aperture.LARGE


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What does it do?

What does aperture size TECHNICALLY control inyour photograph?

aperture ring


What is this?



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What does it do?


aperture ring


how large an aperture - how much LIGHT gets in

What is this?



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What does it do?


What does aperture size CREATIVELY control inyour photograph?

aperture ring



What is this?



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What does it do?


What does aperture size CREATIVELY control inyour photograph?

aperture ring



DEPTH OF FIELD

What is this?



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depth of field

D h f Fi ld


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Depth of Field

/16

/2

/8

D h f Fi ld


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Depth of Field

/16

/2

/8

the wall of focus

D h f Fi ld


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Depth of Field

/16

/2

/8

the wall of focus how much (forwards and backwards) of your image

will be in focus

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

If you want a greatdepth of field, what

size aperture shouldyou use?

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field


size aperture shouldyou use? SMALL

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field



Such as?

SMALL

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

/16



Such as?

SMALL

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

/16



Such as?

SMALL

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

/16



If you want a shallowdepth of field, what


Such as?

SMALL

Depth of Field


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Depth of Field

/16





Such as?

SMALL

LARGE

Depth of Field


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p

/16





Such as?

Such as?

SMALL

LARGE

Depth of Field


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p

/16

/1.4





Such as?

Such as?

SMALL

LARGE


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point of departure


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What are the settings for our point of departure?


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/8


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/8 125


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How do we use point of departure?

/8 125


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as a STARTING POINT for light metering

/8 125


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/8 125

Why are those settings our point of departure?


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/8 125

they give you a lot of room to make changes in youraperture and/or shutter speed, in either direction

Why are those settings our point of departure?


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light metering

&grey cards


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Remember that your cameras

ROBOT EYE (a.k.a. the light meter/sensor) is trying to look at whatyoure photographing and find theMIDDLE VALUE.


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If you try to get a light meter reading from a really darkor a really light area, your picture will not come out wellbecause the robot eye will think that is the middle value.


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If you try to get a light meter reading from a really darkor a really light area, your picture will not come out wellbecause the robot eye will think that is the middle value.

Instead, try to meter from something IN THE SAMELIGHT as your subject, that really is a middle value.(Or you can use a grey card!)

A grey card can be used


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A grey card can be usedif you want to be sureyou are metering from

an official middle value.



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18 % grey



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I dont want to

brag or anything,but...

18 % grey


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bracketing

What is bracketing?


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What is bracketing?

What is bracketing?


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What is bracketing?taking the same photograph at different exposures

What is bracketing?


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Why would you do this?


What is bracketing?


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to make sure you get a good exposure - especially insituations that are challenging to meter, or forphotographs that are really important to you

What is bracketing?


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How do you bracket?

What is bracketing?


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t s b c t g?taking the same photograph at different exposures


How do you bracket?1. light meter

What is bracketing?


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gtaking the same photograph at different exposures



2. choose which setting you want to keep (apertureor shutter speed)

What is bracketing?


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3. identify the 3 settings you will use when bracketing(the one directly across from the keep, and alsoone up and one down.)

What is bracketing?


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3. identify the 3 settings you will use when bracketing(the one directly across from the keep, and alsoone up and one down.)

4. take the three photographs

How do you bracket?


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How do you bracket?


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How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8

How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8


How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8


How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8


3. identify the 3 settings you will use when bracketing(the one directly across from the keep, and also

one up and one down.)

How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8




500

How do you bracket?


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1. light meter

250

/8




500 125

How do you bracket?

1 l h


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1. light meter

250

/8





500 125

How do you bracket?

1 l h


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1. light meter

250

/8





500 125

/8 at 1/500 /8 at 250 /8 at 125


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equivalent exposures

Equivalent Exposures


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What are equivalent exposures?



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What are equivalent exposures?different combinations of aperture/shutter speedsettings that give you the same exposure (range oflight/dark values)



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Why do they matter?



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Why do they matter?

to help you make use of your CREATIVE controls(depth of field and the sense of movement) while still

getting a properly exposed image



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Why do they matter?

to help you make use of your CREATIVE controls(depth of field and the sense of movement) while still

getting a properly exposed image to help you NOT use a tripod but still get a clear and

properly exposed image

USING Equivalent Exposures


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Lets say you are asked to shoot aphotograph of a pinwheel in

motion, for the OMG itsSPRING!!! issue of a local magazine.



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You find a pinwheel that is moving,and your cameras light meter tells

you that you should use 1/500 and/2. This is the picture you get:



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/2 and 1/500 sec



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/2 and 1/500 sec

Youre really happy with the

exposure (the range of light anddark values) but it totally doesntshow motion. Like at all.



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/2 and 1/500 sec

Youre really happy with the

exposure (the range of light anddark values) but it totally doesntshow motion. Like at all.

What should you do?



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/2 and1/500 sec



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/2 and1/500 sec

What setting was responsible for

freezing the motion of themoving pinwheel?



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/2 and1/500 sec


freezing the motion of themoving pinwheel? shutter speed



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/2 and1/500 sec



What could you do to create thesense of motion in your

photograph?



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/2 and1/500 sec




photograph? lower the shutter speed



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Since you got the EXPOSURE right, that means youre happy withthe relationship between your settings, you just need to use a

lower shutter speed such as perhaps 1/30 sec.

/2 and1/500 sec







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Since you got the EXPOSURE right, that means youre happy withthe relationship between your settings, you just need to use a

lower shutter speed such as perhaps 1/30 sec.

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture touse with 1/30 sec so that you have the same EXPOSURE that youhad with 1/500 sec.

/2 and1/500 sec







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Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to use



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Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to usewith 1/30 sec so that you have the same exposure as with 1/500 sec.




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/2500




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/2500




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/2500

500

/2




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/2500

250500

/2




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/2500

250 125500

/2




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q p g pwith 1/30 sec so that you have the same exposure as with 1/500 sec.

/2500

250 125 60500

/2




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/2500

250 125 60 30500

/2




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30500

/2




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15500

/2




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8500

/2




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6




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with 1/30 sec so that you have the same exposure as with 1/500 sec.

/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8


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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to useh 1/30 h h h h 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to useh 1/30 h h h h 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to usei h 1/30 h h h i h 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130




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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to useith 1/30 th t h th ith 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to useith 1/30 th t h th exposure ith 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130

these images areequivalent exposures

Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to useith 1/30 th t h th exposure ith 1/500



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130


Use an Equivalent Exposure chart to figure out what aperture to usewith 1/30 sec so that you have the same exposure as with 1/500 sec



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/2500

1000 250 125 60 30 15 8

/1.4

500

/2 /4 /5.6 /8 /11 /16 /22

/1130


USE A

TRIPOD


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film speed

Film Speed


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Film Speedrefers to the level of light inwhich you can photograph


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which you can photograph



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What changes?



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What changes?the size of the silver particles



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What is ASA/ISO?



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What is ASA/ISO?

scales we use to measure film speed



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LOW speed film has _______ silver particles.

What is ASA/ISO?




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LOW speed film has _______ silver particles.SMALL

What is ASA/ISO?




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LOW speed film has _______ silver particles.SMALL

it can be only used in situations that

have HIGH levels of light

What is ASA/ISO?




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HIGH speed film has _______ silver particles.

SMALL



What is ASA/ISO?scales we use to measure film speed



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HIGH speed film has _______ silver particles.BIG

SMALL






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HIGH speed film has _______ silver particles.BIG

SMALL



it can be used in situations thathave LOWER levels of light


You can think about film speed like little light sponges.Or like pixels.


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LOW speed film has _______ pixels.



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LOW speed film has _______ pixels.SMALL



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LOW speed film has _______ pixels.SMALL low light-sensitivity



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low light-sensitivity low contrast



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low light-sensitivity low contrast low visibility of grain (pixels)



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low light-sensitivity low contrast low visibility of grain (pixels) needs a lot of light or time



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HIGH speed film has _______ pixels.

SMALL




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HIGH speed film has _______ pixels.BIG

SMALL




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SMALL




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SMALL


high light-sensitivity



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SMALL



high contrast



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SMALL



high contrast high visibility of grain (pixels)



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SMALL



high contrast high visibility of grain (pixels) needs less light or time


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parts of the enlarger


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Parts of the Enlarger

{


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{

lamphouse {


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lamphouse {

lamphouse {


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lamphouse {

{

lamphouse {


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lamphouse

bellows

{

{

lamphouse {


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a p ouse

bellows

{

{

lamphouse {


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p

negative carriergoes here

bellows

{

{

lamphouse {


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p


bellows

{

{

lamphouse

heightadjustmentknob

{


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p


bellows

{

{

lamphouse


{ moves EVERYTHINGup and down


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p


bellows

{

{

lamphouse




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p


bellows

{

{

lamphouse




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p


bellows

fine focus

{

{

lamphouse




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p


bellows

fine focus

{

{

moves the bellowsup and down

lamphouse




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p


bellows

fine focus

{

{


easel goes here

lamphouse




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p


bellows

fine focus

{

{


easel goes here


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the easels

Easels


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Easels

This is a ________ easel.


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Easels

This is a ________ easel.CONTACT


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Easels



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It is used when making:

Easels



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It is used when making: contact sheets

Easels



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It is used when making: contact sheets pinhole positives


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Easels



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It is used when making: contact sheets pinhole positives collage negatives photograms

Easels



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Easels



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This is a __________________ easel.

Easels



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This is a __________________ easel.PRINTING / MASKING

Easels



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Easels



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enlargements from negatives

Easels



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It helps your prints have:

Easels



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It helps your prints have: neat, white borders

Easels



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It helps your prints have: neat, white borders regular sizes


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dodging & burning

Dodge & Burn


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Dodge & BurnDodging and burning are darkroom (andPhotoshop!) techniques used to change the


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exposure of PART of your image - whenPART of an image is too light or too dark



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To _________ is to protect an area from lightwhile you further expose the rest of the image.



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DODGE



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To _________ is to further expose one specificarea of an image to make it darker while youprotect the rest of the image.

DODGE



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To _________ is to further expose one specificarea of an image to make it darker while youprotect the rest of the image.

DODGE

BURN

For example: Dodge & Burn


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For example:The arabber (fruit merchant) is too dark because of incorrectmetering; but reducing exposure to the whole image in the darkroomwould also get rid of what little detail there is in the background.

Dodge & Burn


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Dodge & Burn


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We shouldprotect thearabber at alower exposure,

while furtherexposing thebackground.


Dodge & Burn


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This is called

__________


Dodge & Burn


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This is called

__________DODGING

How to Dodge (a very basic tutorial)


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1. expose the image until you are happy with the arabbers levels



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How to Dodge (a very basic tutorial)but see how light the background is?


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2. cut out a cardboard protector that is about the same size as

but see how light the background is?


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the arabber






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the arabber






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the arabber3. move the protector up and down under the enlarger lamp

while exposing the background further






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4. ta-da!

Dodging


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before

after

Dodging


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before

after

Dodging


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before

after



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For example:The white floral arrangement in the lower right hand corner is fartoo light and takes away from the rest of the image, which isproperly exposed. Increasing exposure to the whole image in thedarkroom would make the majority of the image far too dark.

Dodge & Burn


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Dodge & Burn


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We shouldfurther exposeONLY the white

flowers, whileprotecting therest of the image.


Dodge & Burn


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This is called

__________


Dodge & Burn


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This is called

__________BURNING

How to Burn (a very basic tutorial)


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1. expose the image until you are happy with the levels in themajority of the image



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2. cut out a cardboard protector that protects everything

h hi fl


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except the white flowers




h hi fl


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t th hit fl


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except the white flowers3. move the protector up and down under the enlarger lamp

while exposing the white flowers further




t th hit fl


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t th hit fl


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t th hit fl


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4. ta-da!

Burning


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before

after

Burning


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before

after

Burning


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before

after


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processing film

Loading Your Film:What goes into the changing bag?


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tank (including lid & post)


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tank (including lid & post) 2 reels


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tank (including lid & post) 2 reels


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tank (including lid & post) 2 reels can opener


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can opener




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can opener




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can opener scissors




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can opener scissors




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can opener scissors your film




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can opener scissors your film

Processing Your Film (the condensed version)


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1. The 1st chemical to go into yourtank is ____________.


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1. The 1st chemical to go into yourtank is ____________.DEVELOPER


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You mix developer using a 1:1ratio (one equal part of each)

of _______ and __________.




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of _______ and __________.WATER




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of _______ and __________.WATERconcentratedDEVELOPER




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Developer is dependent on

______ and _____________.




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______ and _____________.TIME




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______ and _____________.TIME TEMPERATURE



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2. The 2nd chemical to go into

your tank is .


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y ____________



your tank is .STOP BATH


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y ____________





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y ____________

What does stop bath do?





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y ____________


arrests the developing process





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y ____________



What can you substitute for

stop bath?





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y ____________



What can you substitute for

stop bath?water



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3. The 3rd chemical to go intoyour tank is ____________.


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3. The 3rd chemical to go intoyour tank is ____________.FIXER


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What does fixer do?




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What does fixer do?removes unexposed silver from

the film




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the film

Fixer is the only chemical thatcannot EVER be...




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the film

Fixer is the only chemical thatcannot EVER be...

poured down the drain



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CHECK YOUR FILM!


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CHECK YOUR FILM!


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CHECK YOUR FILM!Maybe I need to

fix these longer...


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g



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4. Water wash!


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4. Water wash!


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4. Water wash!


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+


4. Water wash!


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+



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5. The 4th chemical to go into

your tank is ____________.


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your tank is ____________.PERMA WASH


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What does Perma Wash do?





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Perma Wash is like soap for your

film - it removes the fixer andother gross things





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Perma Wash is like soap for your

film - it removes the fixer andother gross things



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6. Water wash!


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6. Water wash!


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6. Water wash!


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+


6. Water wash!


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+


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your tank is ____________.


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your tank is ____________.PHOTO FLO


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What does photo flo do?





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What does photo flo do?

photo flo prevents water spotsfrom forming on your negatives,similar to that stuff at the end of acar wash or in your dishwasher


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darkroom chemistry


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sink

developer


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sink

developer


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sink

stop bath developer


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sink

stop bath developer


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sink

fixer stop bath developer


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sink

fixer stop bath developer


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sink

water fixer stop bath developer


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sink

water fixer stop bath developer


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sink

water fixer stop bath developerwhat do I do?


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sink

water fixer stop bath developerwhat do I do? develops the paper

(oxidizes silver)(pH 11 or 12 = base)


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sink



stops thedeveloping(low pH = acid,neutralizes the

developer)


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image

(removes unexposedsilver from the paper)


341/391

sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image


cleans the print(washes off allthe chemicals)


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?


343/391

sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long? 1 1/2 minutes(90 sec)


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long? 1 1/2 minutes(90 sec)30 sec


345/391

sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image




5 minutes


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image




5 minutes5 minutes


347/391

sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?

I should bereplaced when...

1 1/2 minutes(90 sec)30 sec

5 minutes5 minutes


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?



5 minutes5 minutes

if I am a brown color


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?



5 minutes5 minutes

if I am a darkpurple color if I am a brown color


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?



5 minutes5 minutes

if I get cloudy whenyou drip hypo check in

if I am a darkpurple color if I am a brown color


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sink




developer)

stabilizesthe image



how long?



5 minutes5 minutes

N/Aif I get cloudy when

you drip hypo check inif I am a darkpurple color if I am a brown color


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sink


353/391

Photoshop

(but only a few things)


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I want to select an area of my image (becausethen I can copy it, delete it, or change it!)


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What are some ways I can do this?


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357/391




358/391




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I just want to MOVE something, and it isnt working,and I want to destroy the computer. (I feel this way

sometimes too.)


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sometimes too.)

How can I make it move?


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sometimes too.)


Documents

Photo 1 Midterm Review