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PHONETIC PROCESS
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PHONETIC PROCESS Assimilation Metathesis Epenthesis Epithesis
Assimilation
A process by which one speech sound comes to resemble or become identical with a neighboring sound between words or within a word
Types of Assimilation Regressive
the sound changes because of the the influence of the following sounde.g. ten bikes /ten baiks/ /tembaiks/ AS CS
Progressivethe sound changes because of the influence of the preceding sounde.g. He left the town /hi lef ð∂ taun/ /hi lef ∂ taun/
CSAS Reciprocal
There is mutual influence, or fusion, of the sounds upon each othere.g. Did You /did ju:/ /did ∂/
Ket CS :Conditioning sound AS : Assimilated sound
Metathesis
the transposition of speech sound
e.g. tragedy tradegyaks ask
Epenthesis
The insertion of extra consonant within a word.
e.g. something /s∆mθiŋ/ /s∆mpθiŋ/
Epithesis
The addition of an extra consonant to the end of a word.
e.g. soun /sun/ sound
Elision Elision is a process where one or more
phonemes are ‘dropped’, usually in order to simplify the pronunciation.
For Example: police, correct or suppose, friendship being realised as [pli:s], [kɹɛkt] or [spəʊz], [frenʃip]
<h> is a feature that is very common in many accents of (especially English or English-influenced) English.
For example: as in give her/give him,
[gɪvɜ:]/[gɪvɪm] or tell her/tell him, [tɛlɜ:]/[tɛlɪm] –, or forms of the auxiliary have – as in would have, [wʊdəv], should have, [ʃʊdəv], etc. –
Cluster Reduction
Aya's Prop/Int to Ling (2)
When two or more consonants, often of a similar nature, come together, there is a tendency in English to simplify such a cluster by eliding one of them.
The longer the cluster, the more of a chance there is of elision. Cluster reduction can occur in between as well as inside words
and mainly involves the deletion of voiceless oral plosives where it would otherwise be more difficult to produce two plosives in a row as this would require two closure phases.
If a reduction occurs inside a word, it may also lead to a reduction in the number of syllables, such as in the examples given in the introductory section above, which have become mono-syllabic.
Elision itself is often a precursor to or occurs in conjunction with assimilation, which we’ll discuss in one of the next sections.
Example of Cluster Reduction
Aya's Prop/Int to Ling (2)
word/combination no elision elision
asked [ɑ:skt] [ɑ:st]
lecture [ˈlɛktʃə] [ˈlɛkʃə]
desktop [ˈdɛskˌtɒp] [ˈdɛsˌtɒp]
hard disk [ˌhɑ:dˈdɪsk] [ˌhɑ:ˈdɪsk]
kept quiet [ˌkɛptˈkwaɪət] [ˌkɛpˈkwaɪət]
at least twice [əˌtli:stˈtwaɪs] [əˌtli:sˈtwaɪs]
straight towards [ˌstɹeɪtˈtʊwo:dz] [ˌstɹeɪˈtʊwo:dz]
next to [ˈnɛkstˌtʊ] [ˈnɛksˌtʊ]
seemed not to notice [ˈsi:mdˌnɒttəˈnəʊtɪs] [ˈsi:mˌnɒtəˈnəʊtɪs]
for the first time [fəðəˌfɜ:stˈtaɪm] [fəðəˌfɜ:sˈtaɪm]