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Philippine Popular Culture
Tim M. De Castro Erlinda R. Fandiño, Ph.D.
2
Table of Contents
Module 5: Brief History Of The Areas Of Philippine Popular Culture Introduction 33 Learning Objectives 33
Lesson 1. Electronic Media 34 Lesson 2. Paper-Based Media 39
Module 6: Philippine Popular Culture: A Closer Look
Introduction 48 Learning Objectives 48 Lesson 1. Phrases, Quotes and Pick Up Lines 49
Lesson 2. Selfie Bandwagon 52 Lesson 3. Milk Tea Fad 53
Lesson 4. Teleserye-A Daily Dose of Filipino Leisure Lesson 5. K-POP Phenomenon 54
Lesson 6. Values Integration 55 Module 7: Popular Sports
Introduction 60 Learning Objectives 60
Lesson 1. Basketball 61 Lesson 2. Football 63
Lesson 3. Sepak Takraw 64 Lesson 4. Boxing 65 Lesson 5. Baseball 66
Lesson 6. Values Integration in Sportsmanship 67
3
List of Figures
Figure Description
5.1 Electronic Media 34
5.2 The film, called Dalagang Bukid, was directed by Jose Nepomuceno
35
5.3 Stars of Philippine Cinema's Golden Age 36 5.4 History of Philippine Media 36 5.5 James Lindenberg 37
5.6 Paper-Based Media 38 5.7 The Turtle and the Monkey 40
5.8 Liwayway 41 5.9 Kengkoy 42
33
MODULE 5
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AREAS F PHILIPPINE
POPULAR CULTURE
Introduction
Popular culture in the Philippines is a concern of recent awareness, recent
exploration, and even more recent definition. Consider the country whose popular
culture is in question: A Third World, developing nation; with many indigenous ethnic
groups still definitely unurbanized; with a long history of colonization that left behind
at least two immediately discernible layers of cultural influence.
Mass media-generated culture in the Philippines is what can be properly
called popular culture, and this is of recent vintage.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Understand the Brief History of the Areas of Philippine Popular Culture in terms of
mass media, film, komiks, television and radio, magazines, and literature;
2. Appreciate the development of media; and
3. Apply theoretical knowledge in understanding the concept and spread of popular
culture.
34
Lesson 1. Electronic Media
The Electronic Media
• Film
“The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting from the 1930s, were a
time of discovering the film genre as a new medium of art. Scripts and
characterizations in films came from popular theatre and familiar local literature.
Nationalistic films were also quite popular, although they were labeled as being
too subversive (Fernandez, 1981).
Figure 5.1 Electronic Media
Source: (https://divinemedia.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/electronic-media.png, 2020)
“The 1940s and the war brought to the Philippine cinema the consciousness
of reality. Movie themes consisting primarily of war and heroism had proven to be
a huge hit among local audiences (20 stars of Philippine Cinema’s Golden Age,
2014).
35
The first film produced by a Filipino is José Nepomuceno's Dalagang
Bukid (Country Maiden) in 1919 based on a highly acclaimed musical play by
Hermogenes Ilagan and León Ignacio.
Figure 5.2 The film, called Dalagang Bukid, was directed by Jose Nepomuceno
Source: (https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/esquiremagph/images/2019/08/16/First-
Filipino-Movie-MAIN-IMAGE.jpg, 2020)
“The 1950s was labeled as the first golden age of Philippine cinema. Four big
production studios (LVN Pictures, Sampaguita Pictures, Premiere Productions
and Lebran International) were at their peak in filmmaking, employing premier
directors like Gerardo de León, Eddie Romero and César Gallardo while
contracting the biggest stars of that period.” The Filipino film industry was one of
the busiest and bustling film communities in Asia, releasing an average of 350
films a year making Philippines second to Japan in terms of film productions a
year (20 stars of Philippine Cinema’s Golden Age, 2014).
36
Famous Actors of the Golden Cinema
Fernando Poe, Jr Susan Roces Eddie Garcia Gloria Romero
Figure 5.3 Stars of Philippine Cinema's Golden Age
Source: (https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1680/stars-of-philippine-cinemas-golden-age,
2020)
• Radio
In June 1922, a couple of 50-watt radio stations were established in
Pasay and in Manila by Henry Hermann. During that time, the Filipinos
readily accepted radio news and entertainment programs, and local
businessmen, who recognized its profitability, established their own radio
stations to advertise their products and services (Fernandez, 1981).
Henry Herman
Figure 5.4 History of Philippine Media
Source:(https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/1111124
0/k.jpg, 2020)
In 1924 the first two call letters “KZ” was assigned to all radio stations
in the Philippines in accordance with the laws of the United States of America.
37
When World War II was over, KZFM was the first radio station to return on the air.
It reopened in May 1945 and was operated by the US Army Office of War
Information (Fernandez, 1981).
In 1947 KZFM, renamed DZFM, became the nucleus of the Philippine
Broadcasting System.
• Televison
“Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 upon the first
commercial broadcast made by Alto Broadcasting System (now ABS-CBN),
making the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country and the second in Asia
to do so. Even before that, during the late 1940s, a number of academic
experiments had been done and replicated by Filipino engineers and students.”
The network that introduced it, ABS-CBN, is currently the leading network in
terms of ratings, reach, and revenue. From 1975 to 1978, the Sinag Awards were
given by the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS).
”The Star Awards for Television are the oldest existing television awards in the
country; they are handed out annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club and
are voted by the press (Goolsby, 2014).
Figure 5.5 James Lindenberg
Source:
(https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcharlieagatep.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fja
mes-lindenberg%2F&psig=AOvVaw2GB-asOoxrb6-
Mh9_s2JCg&ust=1603696914018000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIjwgpibz-
wCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD, n.d.)
38
James Lindenberg, an American engineer dubbed the "father of Philippine
television," began assembling transmitters and established Bolinao Electronics
Corporation (BEC) on June 13, 1946. The company was named after his wife's
hometown of Bolinao, Pangasinan. Three years later, he was the first to apply for a
license in Philippine Congress to establish a television station. After a year, on June
14, 1950, his request was granted. Due to the scarcity of raw materials and strict
import control since 1948, he was compelled to branch into radio broadcasting
instead (Goolsby, 2014).
39
Lesson 2. Paper-Based Media
Figure 5.6 Paper-Based Media
Source:
(https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcarptoons.com%2F%3Fq%3Dcartoon
s_investing&psig=AOvVaw28SRONJpp5b6tWHSHx0MY9&ust=1603698114046000&source=i
mages&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNDFiJqfz-wCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAz, 2020)
Publishing has changed forever in the 21st Century
Print Media (Comics, Magazines, Books, Newspapers) no longer has the dominance it
once had. With the coming of computers, and in particular the internet, it is now possible
for virtually anyone to publish their own electronic publication. Even printed publications
are easier and cheaper to publish than in the past, using a computer to write and
compile pages, and either a computer printer (for small print runs) or a commercial;
printer (for larger print runs) to produce the hard copy (“Publishing -Electronic and
Paper based,” 2020)
40
Book and Magazine publishers have suffered since the late 1990's as these
changes have provided increasing competition. Large Print Media publishers are
unlikely to disappear though, for several reasons.
Commercially viable Publishing involves a range of skills, and it is rare to find individuals
who can do the lot. Producing the work is only part of the job. Marketing and physically
moving a publication from publisher to consumer are huge tasks requiring a great deal
of expertise. (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper based,” 2020)
• Komiks
Comics in the Philippines (Filipino: Komiks) are widespread and popular throughout the
country from the 1920s to the present. Komiks were partially inspired by American
mainstream comic strips and comic books during the early 20th century. Particularly
after World War II, the medium became widely popular, though its mainstream appeal
has subsided somewhat with the advent of other mass-media forms such
as telenovelas. Webcomics produced by independent Filipino web-based artists have
caught the attention of local and foreign readers (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper
based,” 2020).
Figure 5.7 The Turtle and the Monkey
Source: (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/The_Monkey_and_The_Turtle_3.jpg,
2020)
41
While the first indigenous cartoons may be traced to José Rizal's illustration of the fable
"The Tortoise and the Monkey" (1885), the origins of the mainstream komiks industry
would not arise until after the Spanish–American War (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper
based,” 2020).
Figure 5.8 Liwayway
Source:
(https://philippinepresshistory.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/liway3.png?w=231&h=300 ,
n.d.)
In the 1920s, Liwayway magazine began running comic strips under the direction
of Romualdo Ramos and Tony Velasquez, such as the still-running Mga Kabalbalan ni
Kenkoy (The Misadventures of Kenkoy). Valasquez is considered the father of Filipino
comics (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper based,” 2020).
42
Figure 5.9 Kengkoy
Source: (https://kyotoreview.org/wp-content/uploads/Komiks_one.jpg, 2020)
The first Filipino comic strip was "Kenkoy," which first appeared in 1929, its main
character a city slicker through whom creator Antonio Velasquez commented on "the
foibles of Filipinos grappling with the new manners and mores brought about by
urbanization (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper based,” 2020)
It then consisted of four frames, used as a filler in the popular weekly Liwayway, but
eventually grew to a full-page feature. By 1931 other comic strip characters joined slick-
haired Kenkoy, almost all of them modelled on American A comics characters: Kulafu,
who roamed the mountains of Luzon as Tarzan did Africa; Huapelo, the Chinese corner
store owner (long a stock figure of fun in Philippine life, fiction and drama), Saryong
Albularyo, the barrio doctor whose last name meant quack; Goyo and Kikay, local
counterparts of Maggie and Jigg~,~ and so on through the years and the changing
fashions to eventually include today's superheroes, horror stories, science fiction,
preternatural creatures derived both from lower Philippine mytho logy and from Western
sources. And so there appear Dyesebel the siren; the flying Darna; the Medusa-like
43
Valentina, characters from Philippine folklore, otherworldly royalty and nobility out of the
quatrains of the awit and cordo, freaks of many persuasions like phantomanok
(phantom and rooster) and horse-bodied Petra, + magical agents of good like Karina
and her flying kariton (pushcart), historical figures, sports figures, and in a more realistic
vein, people from daily life - martyred mothers and drunken fathers and business
executives and blue-collar workers (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper based,” 2020).
Since 1972 and Martial Law, the komiks have also been used by government
agencies to cany such developmental messages as the Green Revolution (home
vegetable gardens), housing programs, and family planning. The content - the dreams,
the hopes, the values, the vision of life, the escape from reality (that suggests the reality
escaped from), the problems and their solutions, the total world view reflected in the
komiks - defmitely makes the komiks popular culture. Although not created by the
consumers, these are created for a popular and not an elite audience, by artists who,
although motivated by profit, have their finger on the public pulse, their ears cocked to
the public voice, their minds tuned to the public dream. But it is not only content that
makes komiks "of the people." It is also the fact that they have such a reach and grasp:
For countless Filipinos, the komiks is perhaps the only reading fare - a cheap,
accessible substitute for more serious literature (“Publishing -Electronic and Paper
based,” 2020)
• Magazine
Figure 5.10 Philippine Magazine
Source:
(https://philippinepresshistory.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/untitled20.png?w=166&h=300
, 2020)
44
In 1904 the Philippine Magazine was established. It was the first publication
to be called a magazine in the Philippines, and according to Maslog (1960), “the first
periodical to carry miscellaneous information.” The publication started as the
Philippine Teacher, a semi-government publication for public school teachers but
was renamed Philippine Magazine in 1905 and then became privately owned the
next year (as cited by Marsella, 1969) . In 1929, A.V.H. Hartendrop took over as
editor and broadened its scope. He dedicated the magazine to the cultural
development of the Philippines.
The recent cultural history of the Philippines reflects the influence of the
Philippine Magazine, a monthly published for the Philippine intellectual. During the
height of it success in the 1930's, the monthly featured some of the best writing by
Filipinos in English. Within its pages were cultural essays on diverse topics of
contemporary interest that are milestones in cultural history. Short stories and poetry
in the magazine were written by promising young Filipinos who today are still
producing some of the best literary works in English, A provocative editorial
discussed contemporary political, economic, and social issues with can dor. The
essays, short stories, poetry. and editorials, combined with several regular columns
and special sections, resulted in the most popular and successful magazine of its
kind at that time. The Philippine Magazine's success was the result of the work of its
editor, A. V. H. Hartendorp, a congenial American who had chosen the Philippines as
his home. Because of his great love for the Philippines and his interest in developing
a cultural literary magazine, Hartendorp set himself the task of finding excellent
original material on the Philippines and Southeast Asia. When he undertook his
editorial duties in 1925, the magazine was primarily devoted to education (Philippine
Magazines During the American Occupation, 2015).
45
Assessment Task 6-1
I. Instruction: Draw your own komik strip with your own SHORT original story
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Assessment Task 6-2
Instruction: Write a short essay about this topic: “Will print-based media
disappear in the future?”
46
Summary
“It is clear that definition of what is popular in the Philippine context can be
no easy task. Consider further: although the root word involved is populus, the
people, the meaning "popular culture" has taken on in this day is not just "of the
people" but more specifically of the mass, a mass generally understood to be
urban and industrialized.
Applied to the Philippines and its peoples of different levels of
urbanization, with only a small percentage being urban and industrial in the
Western mode, the term has to take on shades, sub meanings, and distinctions,
all of which demand preliminary explanations.”
47
References
Fernandez, D. (1981). Philippine Popular Culture: Dimensions and Directions. The State of
Research in Philippine Popular Culture. Philippine Studies, 29(1), 26–44. Retrieved
from http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/1645/public/1645-1642-
1-PB.pdf
Goolsby, J. (2014, May 11). History of philippine television. Retrieved October 25, 2020,
from Slideshare.net website: https://www.slideshare.net/kikojace/history-of-
philippine-television
Tanoy, Amy (2009). "Presentation 4: The Future of Public Broadcasting in the Philippines".
Japan Media Communication Center. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2020, October 24). Television in the Philippines. Retrieved October
25, 2020, from Wikipedia website:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines
20 stars of Philippine Cinema’s Golden Age. (2014, July 21). Retrieved October 25, 2020,
from The Kahimyang Project website:
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1680/stars-of-philippine-cinemas-golden-
age
Geocities: The Philippine TV History. Accessed January 23, 2009.
Marsella, J. A. (1969). Some Contributions of the “Philippine Magazine” to the Development
of Philippine Culture. Philippine Studies, 17(2), 297–331. Retrieved from
https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632023?seq=1
Publishing -Electronic and Paper based. (2020). Retrieved October 25, 2020, from
Acsedu.co.uk website: https://www.acsedu.co.uk/Info/Writing/Publishing/Publishing-
Electronic-and-Paper-based.aspx
VI. Philippine Magazines During the American Occupation. (2015, May 27). Retrieved
October 25, 2020, from An Online Museum Of The Country’s Storied Press Past
website: https://philippinepresshistory.wordpress.com/2015/05/27/vi-philippine-
magazines-during-the-american-
occupation/#:~:text=In%201904%20the%20Philippine%20Magazine%20was%20est
ablished.&text=It%20was%20re%2Dreleased%2C%20still,Maria%20Guerrero%2C%
20and%20Nick%20Joaquin.
48
MODULE 6
PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE: A CLOSER
LOOK
Introduction
The 21st century high-tech informational advances have greatly influenced the image
of the Philippine popular culture from antiquity to modernity. Now and henceforth, the
millennial Pinoys carried with them the hugot quotes typical of whogoat or in the native
parlance “sinongkambing”, are indeed quotable statements that are sentimental as full of
emotions, yet very popular ranging from the first man of the first city, to the last man of the
last barrio. Eventually, a pick-up line or chat-up line is a conversation opener with the intent
of engaging a person for romance or dating with emergence of overt and sometimes
humorous displays of the wit of the speakers to their target listeners.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Discuss their own concepts of phrases, quotes, pickup lines, and selfie
bandwagon, and how these affect their volumes of crazes in terms of milk tea,
teleserye, and k-pop phenomenon; and
2. Share how values integration can be made in the basic and tertiary levels of
curricular instructions spiraled in terms of patriotism, new forms of literature,
corona virus, spoken poetry, photo essay, bayanihan, support system,
generosity, courage, and welcome homecoming among those victimized by
sporadic and sudden volcanic eruptions throughout the country.
49
Lesson 1: Phrases, Quotes and Pick Up Lines
Meanwhile, selfie is an image that includes oneself or often with another person or
as part of a group, and is taken by oneself using a digital camera especially for posting on
social networks. As compounded by the foregoing high-tech cultural advances, the milk tea
craze has been going on in the Philippines in recent years as balanced by the K-pop, a truly
global phenomenon with the distinctive blend of addictive melodies among the youths thus
affecting their worthiness throughout the country, which by all means alerted the DepEd
and the CHED authorities in the restoration of values education in the young generation for
their active share in making this nation great again in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic crisis
which seems no end limit both local and global (Ghaz, 2020).
Phrases
The word phrase has its etymological root via late Latin from Greek phrasis
originated from phrazein which means “declare, tell’, and generally refers to a style or
manner of expression commonly started in the mid 16th century (Online Meaning, 2020).
Quotes
Whereas the term quote " from Old French coter "to mark” from Medieval origin
rooted from Latin auctus, meaning “to increase”. An obscure term for auction, one
guaranteed to impress friends and neighbors, is the Latin word subhastare. It is the
conjunction of sub, meaning "under," and hasta, meaning "spear" (Online Definition, 2020).
From general connotation, quote is repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text
or speech), typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker. With
synonyms such as repeat, say again, reproduce, restate, retell, echo, iterate, parrot, extract,
excerpt, derive, misquote, ingeminate, and the like indicative with no originality in distinctive
textual articulation.
50
Pinoy Hugot Quotes
Filipinos are noted for quotes, such the case of hugot as a slang word refers to
drawing emotions from somewhere deep within their being. The so-called Pinoy hugot
quotes typical of whogoat or in the native parlance “sinongkambing”, are indeed quotable
statements that are sentimental as full of emotions, yet very popular ranging from the first
man of the first city, to the last man of the last barrio (Ghaz, 2020).
A brown race flat nose creatures, the Filipinos are undeniably entertainers and
creative thinkers. Those are obviously among the reasons why hugot lines have existed and
become a trend in the Philippines.
Somehow, Tagalog hugot lines may appear as a form of a joke but it shows how
creative the mind is – it can link two things that are very far from each other. However, most
of the time, one of the things in the comparison exists in reality while the other is in the
emotional aspect that is why it is called hugot.
Meanwhile, have a look and scan through a text, website, or collection of data for your
enjoyment of the Pinoy hugot quotes as 5 of the many eye catching jokes of which are
significantly spiralled below:
1. Hugot Lines About Love (Pag-Ibig): “Sa love, ‘di maiiwasan na may U-Turn. Yung
akala mong dire-diretso na, may babalikan pa pala.”
2. Hugot Line About Work (Trabaho): “Magmahal ka ng tapat na pulitiko, yung
tumutupad sa pangako.”
3. Hugot Lines About Family (Pamilya): “Minsan yung mga magulang parang
nababaliw na panahon yan, ang init-init ng ngiti sa harap mo pero sa loob, bumabaha na ng
luha sa hirap ng buhay niyo.”
4. Hugot Lines About Life (Buhay): “Ang buhay ng tao parang kuryente rin yan, ‘di
natin alam kung kailan may interruption para mas lumiwanag.”
5. Hugot Lines About School (Eskwela): “Bago mo habulin ang kung sinuman,
habulin mo muna grades mo.”
51
Pick Up Lines
The word “pick” as etymologically originated from Dutch pikken refers to “pick, peck”
which means to pierce or break up with a pointed instrument; and German picken ‘peck
denotes “puncture”, also with French piquer to “prick” meaning to penetrate (Online
Meaning, 2020).
The etymological source of the word up from Old High German oba, which refers to
"over, above, on, upon" which refers "to a higher place" meaning "get up, rise to one's feet"
(as in up and leave) is recorded from 1640s. Sense of "to move upward" is recorded from
1737. Meaning "increase, to rise up, swell." And thus, the bilingual word pick up meaning,
"lift and take with the fingers," from pick (v.) + up (adv.) (Online – Wiktionary, 2020).
A pick-up line or chat-up line is a conversation opener with the intent of engaging a
person for romance or dating. Overt and sometimes humorous displays of romantic interest,
pick-up lines advertise the wit of their speakers to their target listeners (Pick-up line –
Wikipedia, 2020).
Pick up lines are an interesting method on how to flirt with a girl. They often don't
work, but if you have the right mindset (and to be fair, looks), and can deliver them with a
certain je ne sais quoi, you can actually start a conversation with a girl if you use the right
one.
Among the trends in the Philippines that hook a lot of people are the pick-up lines.
These are humorous lines that are usually used by one person to convey what he or she
feels or want to say through comparisons. One of the people who are known for their witty
and entertaining pick-up lines is the late Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago (Ghaz, 2020).
Cute pick up lines are great ice breakers. Imagine yourself in your local bar and you
see the most beautiful girl you have ever seen. Your imagination kicks into overdrive and
you start thinking about how to flirt with a girl. But then you stop and realize that you don't
know any cute pick up lines.
52
Lesson 2. Selfie Bandwagon
Selfie is an image that includes oneself (often with another person or as part of a
group) and is taken by oneself using a digital camera especially for posting on social
networks. Apparently, selfie is a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one
taken with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. On one hand,
we take pictures of ourselves and post them online for other people to see, like and
comment on (Biotechnology and Robotics - University of Oxford, 2020).
Selfies have become ubiquitous in society both local and global, and there are a few
things fuelling our desire to post selfies (Maher, 2020):
1. We want to be loved: When we post a selfie for the World to see, we eagerly await
for the likes and comments to show up from friends and strangers. Sometimes immediately
after posting, we stick around for a few minutes and rapidly refresh the page to see how
quickly they start rolling in. Why? Because these likes and comments make us feel loved.
After all, it was a picture of me, of my face. Maybe we aren't so ugly after all?
2. We want to be accepted: Those same likes and comments also make us feel
accepted. “I posted a picture of my face and 24 people liked it! Wow! Maybe they think I'm
cool, good-looking, fun or maybe they want to date me?!” These are the types of things that
go through our minds. Maybe we just want to know that someone else cares about us, that
they see us or that we matter.
3. We want to matter: We constantly see our friends posting selfies of
themselves while on vacation, hanging out with friends, doing fun activities, etc. When we
see this, we subconsciously think “wow, that person has an exciting life and does all sorts of
cool things…” It makes us want to post selfies showing the World that we too, happen to be
cool, fun people. We want to matter. We want people to think highly of us. To be honest, we
care what people think about us.
4. We want connection: The reason social media sites and apps, like Facebook,
Instagram and Twitter are so popular is because we are social beings who desire
relationships with one another.
53
Lesson 3. Milk Tea Fad
The milk tea craze has been going on in the Philippines in recent years, but it's far
from over. The tea and milk concoction known for its seabed of chewy tapioca pearls has
been around in major Asian places, like Hong Kong and Taiwan for many years. Meanwhile,
Filipinos rank second highest bubble tea drinkers in Southeast (Manila Times, 2020).
Lesson 4: Teleserye-A Daily Dose of Filipino Leisure
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye, Filipino telenovelas or P-
drama, is a form of melodramatic serialized fiction in television in the Philippines. Teleserye
is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", which is short for "telebisyón" (television) and
"sérye" (series) (Philippine Television Drama, 2020).
Teleseryes share some characteristics and have similar roots with classic soap
operas and telenovelas, yet the teleserye has evolved into a genre with its own unique
characteristics, often working as a social realist reflection of Filipino reality. Teleseryes are
aired in prime-time, afternoon, five days a week. They attract a broad audience crossing age
and gender lines, and command the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television
industry. The series last anywhere from three months to a year, or even longer, depending
on their rating (Philippine Television Drama, 2020).
Other forms of Philippine dramas include "serials" and "anthologies", which are
usually shown on a weekly basis. These dramas are also intended to air a finite number of
episodes usually lasting one season depending on the ratings (Philippine Television Drama,
2020). However, in the midst of the unwavering desire of teleserye-a daily dose of Filipino
leisure, the pioneering and the largest ABS-CBN was junked totally by majority of the
members of the House of Representatives causing job displacement of thousands of Filipino
professionals and technicians in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
54
Lesson 5. K-POP Phenomenon
K-pop has become a truly global phenomenon thanks to its distinctive blend of
addictive melodies, slick choreography and production values, and an endless parade of
attractive South Korean performers who spend years in grueling studio systems learning to
sing and dance in synchronized perfection. Exo, “Call Me Baby” (Zimmer, 2020).
K-pop and Hallyu started its world domination with dramas and movies about ten
years ago. Dramas like Winter Sonata (겨울연가) and Full House (풀하우스) – and more
recently, Coffee Prince (커피프린스 1호점) – and movies like My Sassy Girl (엽기적인 그녀)
and Old Boy (올드보이) are often mentioned when you ask people how they got hooked on
Korean pop culture. For me it was Full House (minus the extremely disappointing kiss at the
end) and My Tutor Friend (동갑내기 과외하기), both of which I’ve probably seen at least a
half a dozen times (Zimmer, 2020).
Then, about five years ago, K-pop started to follow the trails that the dramas and
movies blazed. Asia was the first to fall to the K-pop wave and in the past few years South
America, Europe and North America have become fertile grounds for CD sales, concerts,
and of course, fans. From SM Town selling out a concert in Paris, France to Girl’s
Generation performing on David Letterman and then forcing a Best Buy store in the U.S. to
close due to the massive amount of fans who showed up to see them… K-pop and Korean
media have become a global phenomenon. And Toronto is no exception as can be seen by
the recent 2K12 Korea Night concert sales (and the immense line-up that appeared way
before the doors opened (Zimmer, 2020).
55
Lesson 6. Values Integration
Values integration is generally anchored on the five core thrusts as follows:
• Studying and working hard are acts of worship
• To love and forgive each other for the sake of God
• To repel evil with good in return
• To love for others what you love for your self
• Modesty in dress and actions at all times
In the Philippine scenario, values are integrated in the basic and tertiary levels of
curricular instructions spiralled as follows:
Patriotism and Unit. The DepEd as advanced by the CHED has been making efforts
to help instil nationalism and patriotism among children both young and adult for them to
remember the great deeds done by our national heroes for the attainment of freedom in the
country (French, 2019).
New Forms of Literature. The newest type of literature that has been defined as a
distinct genre is media. This categorization was created to encompass the many new and
important kinds of texts in our society today, such as movies and films, websites,
commercials, billboards, and radio programs (French, 2019).
Corona Virus. The coronavirus pandemic has changed how millions around the
globe are educated. New solutions for education could bring much needed innovation.
Given the digital divide, new shifts in education approaches could widen equality gaps. In a
matter of weeks, coronavirus (COVID-19) has changed how students are educated around
the world (French, 2019).
Spoken Poetry. We will learn more about spoken poetry, its importance, and some
examples in Tagalog. Spoken word poetry is an art form that gives emphasis on the
aesthetics of wordplay. It is a medium in which artists express their emotions through writing
and speech (French, 2019).
Photo Essay. It is simply a collection of images that are placed in a specific order to
tell the progression of events, emotions, and concepts. Used by world class photojournalists
such as Lauren Greenfield and James Nachtwey, and Joachim Ladefoged to name a few,
56
the photo essay takes the same story telling techniques as a normal essay, translated into
visual images (French, 2019).
Bayanihan. It is popularly known since the time of antiquity to modernity as a core
essence of the Filipino culture. It is helping out one’s neighbor as a community, and doing a
task together, thus lessening the workload and making the job easier. It is also called the
‘community spirit’. It is best exhibited when people wish to move locations in the rural area
(French, 2019).
Support System. In the modern parlance otherwise known as the Operations
Support Systems (OSS), or Operational Support Systems in British usage, are computer
systems used by telecommunications service providers to manage their networks (e.g.,
telephone networks). They support management functions such as network inventory,
service provisioning, network configuration and fault management. Thus, in the COVID-19
pandemic crisis, the OSS is used as online blended teaching-learning process starting from
kindergarten to the post graduate levels of education both local and global (French, 2019).
Generosity. It is the trait of being willing to give your money or time. Synonyms of
which are generousness and charitableness, a generosity as manifested by practicing
charity (as for the poor or unfortunate) as well as bounteousness and bounty conceived then
as generosity evidenced by a willingness to give freely without expecting something in
return (French, 2019).
Courage. It has direct bearing on the ability to do something that frightens one often
called as boldness to face the ordeal with a strength in the face of pain or grief. The
synonymous terms are bravery, braveness, valor, fearlessness , intrepidity, nerve, daring,
and audacity (French, 2019).
A Homecoming at Taal Volcano: “Everything’s Gone in A Blink” – An essay.
'Everything's Gone in the Blink of an Eye. ... “My home is now gone,” claimed Melvin
Mendoza, 39, a boatman that returned on Tuesday to Taal, the volcanic island in the center
of a freshwater lake simply 40 miles southern of Manila, which appeared on Sunday like an
atomic bomb mushroom cloud. What is horrible, subsequent to volcano irruptions where the
inhabitants in the surrounding lake not fully recovered and rehabilitated, the COVID-19
pandemic crisis emerged nationwide (French, 2019).
57
Assessment Task 6-1
Discuss scholarly the following:
1. What are your own concepts of phrases, quotes, pickup lines, and selfie
bandwagon, and how these affect your volumes of crazes in terms of milk tea,
teleserye, and k-pop phenomenon?
2. How values integration can be made in the basic and tertiary levels of curricular
instructions spiralled in terms of patriotism, new forms of literature, corona virus,
spoken poetry, photo essay, bayanihan, support system, generosity, courage,
and welcome homecoming among those victimized by sporadic and sudden
volcanic irruptions throughout the country?
58
Summary
No escapades among the millennial generation from the 21st century high-tech
informational influences in their carriage of the Philippine popular culture from antiquity to
modernity. Now and henceforth, the millennial Pinoys carried with them the hugot quotes
typical of whogoat or in the native parlance “sinongkambing”, are indeed quotable
statements that are sentimental as full of emotions, as compounded by their pick-up lines
with the intent of engaging them for romance or dating as a departure from the old antique
of harana as done in the classical days. Meanwhile, selfie is an image that includes oneself
or often with another person or as part of a group, and is taken by oneself using a digital
camera especially for posting on social networks. Thus, all these high-tech cultural
advances are truly global phenomena which by all means alerted the DepEd and the CHED
authorities in the restoration of values education in the young generation for their active
share in making this nation great again in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic crisis which
seems no end limit both local and global.
59
References
Biotechnology and Robotics - University of Oxford. Retrieved in 2020 from
https://steel.ac/welcome
Cowper, W. (2020). Retrieved from: www.poetsgraves.co.uk.
French, Lilibeth A. (2019). The Office of the Presidential Assistant for the Visayas (OPAV),
Province of Iloilo.
Ghaz, S. (2020). Ano ang talambuhay ni Sandy Ghaz? Retrieved in 2020 from Brainly.ph
https://brainly.ph/question/2466682.
Gompertz, W Arts editor. Retrieved 2020 from @WillGompertzBBCon Twitter
Hugot... What does this Filipino slang word mean?. (2020). Retrieved in 2020 from
www.tagaloglang.com/hugot/
Milk tea craze . (2020).The Manila Times, Retrieved in February 24, 2020.
Online – Wiktionary. (2020). Retrieved in 2020 from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/line
Philippine Television Drama. (2020). Retrieved in 2020 from Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › wiki
› Philippine_television_drama
Pick up Origin and meaning of phrase pick up by Online (2020). Retrieved in 2020 from
https://www.etymonline.com/word/pick up
Maher, R. (2020). Wikipediaen. Retrieved in 2020 from wikipedia.org
Zimmer, c. (2020). Facebook. Retrieved in 2020 from
https://www.facebook.com/public/Cindy-Zimmer
60
MODULE 7
POPULAR SPORTS
Introduction
Basketball has been a popular sport flowing within the blood of Filipinos as suited to
their taste to play in order to seek amusement by active exercise in out-of-doors for fresco,
despite mandate for strict observance of social distancing protocols due to COVID-19
pandemic crisis. And thus, the kit-cat portraiture of Filipinos to the said kind of the hoop,
catapulted the country as the third largest basketball market after USA and China, and
whether on the islands, or in the city particularly in the affluent areas of Makati or on
makeshift courts in Tondo, basketball runs through the heart of the nation.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Discuss why basketball has been a popular sport flowing within the blood of
Filipinos by towering on the higher plane, and thus leaving behind other sports
games ranging from football and down the line to sepak takraw, boxing, and
baseball;
2. Decide which sports they wish to engage into; and
3. Integrate values in sportsmanship by delving deeper into the four elemental
components ranging from cooperation to fairness, graciousness,
honourableness, and humility.
61
Lesson 1. Basketball
Though in some instance, basketball towers on the higher plane by leaving behind
other sports games ranging from football and down the line to sepak takraw, boxing, and
baseball, good sportsmanship is one of the life lessons that children can learn from sports
by being cooperative, fair, gracious, honourable, and humble as a dove typical of the living
example by our Lord Jesus Christ who was borne in a cage of sheeps, and ultimately died
on the cross, the lowest form of capital punishment by nailing Him, until eventual death from
exhaustion and asphyxiation, despite the begotten son of God the almighty, creator of
heaven and earth. And that is the case of the end result of humility in sports values
integration (Online Meaning, 2020).
The etymological rootage of the word “popular” from Old French populaire and
directly from Latin popularis "belonging to the people as generally common hence devoted
to or accepted by them which dated back in1540’s (Online Meaning, 2020).
Beyond the etymological concept, the word popular means liked, admired, or
enjoyed by many people or by a particular person or group, and typical example of which is
"she was one of the most popular girls in the school." And thus, from the cultural viewpoint,
the word popular is intended for or suited to the taste, understanding, or means of the
general public rather than specialists or intellectuals (Dictionary.com, 2020).
Whereas, the word “sports” as etymologically revealed by Kuya Kim (2020), from Old
French desporter, deporter "to divert, amuse, please, play; to seek amusement," literally
"carry away" (the mind from serious matters), from des- "away" (dis-) + porter "to carry,"
from Latin portare "to carry, to lead, pass over."
From the restricted sense, the word “sports” means to amuse oneself by active
exercise in open air or taking part in some game" as usually of usage from late 15 century to
the present. And thus, combining both words to form the so called “popular sports” means
likeness of the people as suited to their taste to play in order to seek amusement by active
exercise in out-of-doors for fresco (Ugo Procacci, 1969: p. 15).
Basketball is also the number one sport in viewership and participation, with 99% of
people aware of the NBA. Filipinos have more access to professional basketball games than
62
Americans themselves, with games shown on cable daily, broadcasted across four to five
channels simultaneously (Basketball so Popular in the Philippines, 2020).
The YMCA had a major role in spreading basketball throughout the United States,
Canada, and the world. It was introduced to the Philippines by the YMCA early in the
American colonial period (1898–1946) and was an important part of an overhaul of the
education system (Basketball so Popular in the Philippines, 2020).
The Philippines won several medals in various pan-Asian competitions over the next
few decades. Winning the 1913 Far Eastern games was an incredible moment for the
nation. This was the springboard that made basketball what is it is today, the most popular
sport in the Philippines, and the rationale behind its accessibility as a real key to why so
many people play it – and it is fast and entertaining too. Basketball suits the life of Filipino
teenagers well, and is easy to learn but hard to master. For one reason or another, this
strategic and dynamic nature makes the game rewarding for both players and spectators
considering the historical fact that the country won bronze at the 1960 FIBA World
Championship, the highest finish to date of any Asian nation in the games (now the FIBA
World Cup.) By 1975, the country had established the Philippine (Basketball so Popular in
the Philippines, 2020).
Basketball Association, the first pro basketball league in the world outside of the
United States, and thus from then on, the nation’s love for the game continues. With the
foregoing historical records, Philippines is its third largest basketball market after USA and
China, and whether on the islands, or in the city – in the affluent areas of Makati or on
makeshift courts in Tondo, basketball runs through the heart of the nation (Basketball so
Popular in the Philippines, 2020).
63
Lesson 2. Football
The Philippines national football team otherwise known as Pambansang Koponan ng
Futbol ng Pilipinas represents the country in international football and has been playing at
the international level as early as 1913. Historical facts prove that prior to World War II, the
Philippines had regularly competed with Japan and the Republic of China in the Far Eastern
Championship Games. So far, the national team has never qualified for the FIFA World
Cup[5] and has qualified for the AFC Asian Cup only once, in 2019. They finished second at
the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup after losing to Palestine in the final (Basketball so Popular in
the Philippines, 2020).
Unlike most of Southeast Asia, where football is the most popular, the Philippines'
most popular sports are basketball and boxing, the result from the American rule, thus
drives away many football talents and contributes to the lack of success of football of the
Philippines. Often the Philippines only participated in the AFF Championship and finished
bottom. However, starting from 2010 AFF Championship, the country has started to develop
football as part of the sport's renaissance, finding more incentives to increase football
development and fan support, eventually led to the country's first ever Asian Cup
competition, the 2019 edition (Basketball so Popular in the Philippines, 2020).
The Philippines participated at the Far Eastern Championship Games, which
included football. The first edition was in 1913 and the last was in 1934. The games were
the first regional football tournament for national teams outside the British Home
Championship. The national team routinely faced Japan and China and at one edition the
Dutch East Indies at the games. The Philippines won over China at the inaugural
tournament with the scoreline of 2–1. During the 1917 edition, the national team achieved its
biggest win in international football. Led by Filipino-Spanish icon Paulino Alcantara, the
Philippines defeated Japan 15–2. Dan Palami, businessman and sports patron, was
appointed as team manager of the national team in 2009 by the Philippine Football
Federation. The national team still received minimal support from the government. Palami
made financial investments to the team using his own personal money. Since taking
responsibility over the national team, he has envisioned a plan named Project 100, which
plans to make the team among the top 100 national teams in the world in terms of FIFA
rankings. More foreign-born Filipinos were called up to play for the national squad
(Philippines National Football Team, 2020).
64
Lesson 3. Sepak Takraw
Sepak takraw, or kick volleyball, is a sport native to Southeast Asia. Sepak takraw
differs from the similar sport of footvolley in its use of a rattan ball and only allowing players
to use their feet, knee, chest and head to touch the ball. In Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and
Malaysia it is called sepak takraw. In Malaysia, it can be known as sepak raga as well. In the
Philippines, the sport is also called "sepak takraw", resembling the related native sport
known as sipà, while the international version is known by the borrowed terms sipà tákraw
or sepak takraw. In Thailand, it is known simply as takraw. In Laos, it is kataw (Lao: "twine"
and "kick") (Ulanday, 2019).
In Myanmar, it is known as chin lone, and is considered more of an art as there is
often no opposing team, and the point is to keep the ball aloft gracefully and interestingly
(Sepak Takraw – Wikipedia, 2020). SUBIC, Philippines — The gold medal rush rubbed off
on the Philippine sepak takraw team which hammered out a double-gold medal haul at the
start of the 30th Southeast Asian Games sepak takraw competitions here at the Subic Gym
yesterday. The Nationals swept the hoop events for both men’s and women’s divisions for a
scorching opener in their bid to claim the overall championship for the first time in history
(Ulanday, 2019).
Playing coach Deseree Autor spearheaded the hosts’ early barrage, leading them
to a whopping 670 points for the women’s gold. Indonesia (660) and Myanmar (640) settled
for silver and bronze medal, respectively. It was the first sepak gold medal triumph for the
Philippine women’s squad that also included Josefina Maat, Sara Jean Kalalo, Mary Ann
Lopez, Jean Marie Sucalit and Abigail Sinugbohan. The Jason Huerte-led men’s squad
followed suit hours later, also posting 670 markers to cap off a twinkill for the Philippines.
Cambodia (450) and Laos (430) finished with the silver and bronze mint, respectively, in the
men’s side. “We prepared hard for this so we expected to dominate the hoop event. But the
real battle begins in regu,” said coach Rodolfo Eco (Ulanday, 2019).
“We hope to sustain this strong start for our mission to win the overall
championship,” said Pilipinas Sepak Takraw Association Inc. president Karen Tanchanco-
Caballero. Together with other seasoned bets Janjan Bobier, Metodio Sueco, Emmanuel
Escote, John Jeffrey Morcellos and Christian Gexorge Encabo, the Filipinos plunged into
65
action at the start of the preliminaries in centerpiece regu event where they placed second
two years ago in Malaysia (Ulanday, 2019).
Lesson 4. Boxing
Manny Pacquiao is a Filipino politician serving in the Philippines Senate and a
professional boxer. Pacquiao is one of the most renowned athletes of the world and the first
boxer in the story to win four of the original eight weight classes of boxing. The foregoing
politician and sportsman, had taken up boxing as a hobby when he was 14 years old. At the
age of 16, Pacquiao decided to make his hobby his profession and started to box
professionally. As an amateur, Manny had a record of 60-4, and later his boxing
achievements are marvelous, to say the least. Pacquiao was named Fighter of the Decade
(the 2000s) by the Boxing Writers Association of America, WBC, and WBO (Forbes, 2020).
Manny has defeated 20 world champions and was ranked second on ESPN’s list of
top pound for pound boxers of the past 25 years in 2016, wherein his net worth has been a
topic of much discussion. Many publications have reported his net worth to be around $190
million but Pacquaio once claimed that he had a total net worth of $3 billion. Manny
Pacquiao was named the second highest paid athlete in 2015 (Forbes, 2020).
66
Lesson 5. Baseball
Baseball was introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period, and
subsequently became a national pastime in the country. The sport has become a re-
emerging sport in the recent years. National policy and programs on baseball are, since
2018, directed by a renewed organization recognized by the Philippine Sports Commission
and the Philippine Olympic Committee—the Philippine Amateur Baseball Association
(PABA), re-established in the same year (Baseball in the Philippines, 2020).
The first baseball game in the Philippines was played in September 1898 weeks after
the Battle of Manila, a match between Astor Battery led by George Wetlaufer and a regiment
from the American Army. From 1899 to 1900, baseball clubs were established by local
Filipinos. The sport's introduction aided the American colonial government's assimilation
efforts. General Otis planned to eliminate local cockfighting through the introduction of the
sport. A baseball league composing of six clubs was established. Then, Governor General
William Howard Taft encouraged baseball in the archipelago. Baseball grew to be a popular
sport in the country (Baseball in the Philippines, 2020).
67
Lesson 6. Values Integration in Sportsmanship
Regardless of the starting point, there are many values that can be learned by
participating in sports. Apparently, youngsters and older players can learn the value of work
ethic by playing sports. It's not just getting out on the field, court or ice and playing the game
(Values in Youth Sports, 2017).
Guide to sportsmanship dictates that you must be a good sport by means of the
display of the art of manliness. Let your performance speak for itself. After the game, make
sure to tell the other team “good game.” Offer some compliments to the opposing players.
Respect the rulings of officials. If your game has referees, remember to respect their rulings,
even if they make a bad call. They’re human beings and are bound to make mistakes
(Values in Youth Sports, 2017).
The values you convey to your young athletes act as the lens through which they
view the entirety of their sports participation. As a consequence, you should be thoughtful,
deliberate, and yet there is much more to be gained from the sports experience than a
winning record. When children and teens are involved in sports, they are able to learn and
put into practice values that will stay with them for the rest of their lives. Good
sportsmanship is one of the life lessons that children can learn from sports through the
following (Values in Youth Sports, 2017):
Be Cooperative: Join teammates, opponents, coaches and officials in mutual quest for
excellence.
Be Fair: Compete skillfully, guided by the letter and spirit of the rules.
Be Gracious: Savour the challenge of a tough competitor and meet it with your finest
performance, win or lose.
Be Honourable: Respect the game and everyone's contributions.
Be Humble: Take success in stride - share the credit.
68
Assessment Task 7
Discuss scholarly the following:
1. Why basketball has been a popular sport flowing within the blood of Filipinos by
towering on the higher plane, and thus leaving behind other sports games ranging
from football and down the line to sepak takraw, boxing, and baseball?
2. If you were to decide, which sports you wish to engage, and why?
69
3. How values integration can be made in sportsmanship by delving deeper into the four
elemental components ranging from cooperation to fairness, graciousness, honourableness,
and humility?
Summary
Basketball is highly favoured among Filipinos among those enjoying the affluent life
conditions, and those suffering from hand-to-mouth existence as hardly they could feed their
empty stomach indicative of their blatant disregard of social distancing protocols due to
COVID-19 pandemic crisis so long as they can seek amusement by active exercise in out-
of-doors for fresco, and thus catapulted the country as the third largest basketball market
after USA and China.
Though in some instance, basketball towers on the higher plane by leaving behind
other sports games ranging from football and down the line to sepak takraw, boxing, and
baseball, good sportsmanship is one of the life lessons that children can learn from sports
by being cooperative, fair, gracious, honourable, and humble as a dove typical of the living
example by our Lord Jesus Christ who was borne in a cage of sheeps, and ultimately died
on the cross, the lowest form of capital punishment by nailing Him, until his eventual death
for the third day he rose again as the end result of humility in sports values integration.
70
References
Baseball in the Philippines (2020). The New York Times
Dictionary.com. 2020. Definition of Popular Retrieved in 2020 from
Forbes. (2020). Did Pacquiao's success ruined the Philippine Global. Retrieved in 2020
from https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090907171147AATuHIz
Origin and meaning of popular by Online. (2020). Retrieved in 2020 from
www.etymonline.com/word/popular
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/popular
Kuya Kim Trolls His Bashers With Random Trivia And It's. Retrieved in 2020 from
https://www.8list.ph/kuya-kim-trolls
Philippines National Football Team (2020). University of Asia and the Pacific. pp. 49–50.
ISBN 978-621-8002-29-6.
Procacci, U. (1969). Frescoes from Florence. London: Arts Council. p. 15.
Sepak Takraw. (2020).
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sepak_takraw/sepak_takraw_overview.htm
Ulanday, J. B. (2019). The Philippine Star.
Values in Youth Sports (2020). Psychology Today. Retrieved in 2020 from https://
www.psychologytoday.com
Why is basketball so popular in The Philippines(2020). Retrieved in 2020 from
www.crewtoo.com/crew-life/lifestyle/why-is-basketball-so-popular-in...