Philippe Mal Branche Pv Module Technology Overview

8/16/2019 Philippe Mal Branche Pv Module Technology Overview

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OVERVIEW OF

PV TECHNOLOGIES

Philippe Malbranche,CEA-INES Research Programme Manager,

EERA PV Joint Programme Coordinator


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Outline

1. Past evolution of technologies:

• Which technologies

• Efficiency

• Market shares

2. Current research and development• Less material and consumables

• New materials

• New cell designs

• New high throughput processes

• Optimisation of the supply chain

• New PV modules and PV-integrated products


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Best Cell Efficiencies


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Best Cell Efficiencies

• All the main types (Si, aSi, CdTe, CIGS, CPV,

OPV) exist since at least 3 decades.

•

Within each type, new materials and designsappear, diversifying the number of technologies

• All are still improving


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Commercial PV module

efficiencies - best figures


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TECHNOLOGY SHARE OF

SHIPMENTS OVER TIME


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10 MW 100 MW 1 GW 10 GW

T h i n

f i l m s

S i l i c o n

TECHNOLOGY SHARE OF

SHIPMENTS OVER TIME


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COMMENTS

•All technologies have made impressive improvementsto keep up with this x103 volume increase

• According to IHS, no big change in this distribution is

planned until 2020,… which means that most technologies will increase

their manufacturing capacities


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10 MW 100 MW 1 GW 10 GW

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7

2 0 0 8

2 0 0 9

2 0 1 0

2 0

1 1

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

2 0 1

4 I

S 2

0 2 0

CPV

CIGS

CdTe

aSi

Ribb

Polyc

Mono

100 GW

TECHNOLOGY SHARE OF

SHIPMENTS OVER TIME


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Outline

1. Past evolution of technologies:

• Which technologies• Efficiency

• Market share

2. Current research & development• Less material and consumables

• New materials

• New cell designs

• New high throughput processes

• Optimisation of the supply chain

• New PV modules and PV-integrated products


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At material level

• Poly-Si feedstock production technologies still show

improvement potentials (energy efficiency, recycling)

• Increasing the throughput of the crystallization process,

while maintaining or improving quality

WHAT CAN BE SEEN NEXT ?

Cu2ZnSnSe4 (kesterite)

ZnO (window layer)

Molybdenum (back electrode)

Glass

ITRPV roadmap

Towards cheaper

silicon material


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At material level

• Consumables such as gases, graphite

parts, and crucibles bring cost reduction

potential

• Thinner wafers, on the way to 3g/W

• Introduction of diamond wire sawing


CEA INES

Cost reduction through less

consumables and material

Mid & long term:

• reusable crucibles

• direct wafering (2g/W)


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At material level

• Increasing material quality, the throughput of the

crystallization process and designing thinner layers also

applies to thin films


Cu2ZnSnSe4 (kesterite)

ZnO (window layer)

Molybdenum (back electrode)

Glass

© HZB


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Materialquality

Moduleefficiency

Industry

Standard

IBC-BJ

HJT

PERC

MWT-

PERC

20%

19%

18%

17%

16%

15%14%

Adapted from Preu et al., EU-PVSEC 2009

21%

Device quality

At Si cell level

1. Current cell Structures

PERC: Passivated Emitter and

Rear Cell

MWT: Metal Wrap Through

IBC-BJ: Interdigitated BackContact – Back Junction

HJT: Hetero Junction

Technology

2. New cell designs

Thinner Heterojunction with 3-5 and 2-

6 semiconductors

BC-

HJT

Many improvements to come : efficiency & costs



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At cell level

• Metallisation :

• Reducing Ag consumption,

• Introducing new technologies : electroplating, light

induced plating• Increasing efficiencies decrease module and system

cost



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17

Cu ECD

metallisation

INES CEA record HET cell 22,2%

New high-throughput processes : i.e. HET,

with in line TCO and a-SiH deposition


Pilote lines are key to check and

guarantee performance and costs,

before large-scale investments


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NREL + MIT

Local production remains possible with optimal supply

chain and advanced and highly automatized manufacturing

Assumpt ions :

• 22,4% n-type advanced cells

•

Automatized and large size manufacturing (reduced material and installation costs)

LOCAL CONTENT ?


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At module level

Short-term• Efficiency increase

• Size and power increase

• Thinner glass

• Mass reduction of module framesMid and long-term

• Diversification of materials

• Glass/glass and glass/backsheet

• Acrylic, polymers, etc.

• Diversification of shapes for:

• Better integration to specific requirements and applications

• Additional functionalities

• Cheaper installation


Examples in new buildings :


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BUILDING :

FAÇADES

Examples in new buildings :

Façades


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[email protected]


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www.2es.f


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• With cSi cells

Examples of specifically designed BIPV products:

See-through modules

Tsukuba building, view from inside

From outside


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• With cSi cells

www.batisolar.fr


See-through modules


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• Cell spacing adapted to

lighting, heating and

cooling requirements

www.terrecielenergies.com


See-through modules


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• With thin film technologies


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•Various shapes :Luxol tiles

Examples of specifically designed BIPV products


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• Sunstyle PV tiles and dummies

Examples of specifically designed BIPV products


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Benchmarking of complete PV roofs at CEA-INES

VARIOUS

LOOKS

Avancis Photowatt

Luxol Solar Century


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•Aesthetic differences are more or less visible according to theincidence angle

Avancis Luxol Photowatt Solar Century


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Integration with flexible membranes

FLEXIBILITY

www.terrecielenergies.com


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• Flat roofs

• Railings, fences, balconies,etc.

Bifaciality for :

BIFACIALITY


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Solar protection applications

SHADING

COMPONENT

S, CARPARK

T t ti li ti


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The parking area of one car (15m²)

supplies enough electricity to drive> 12000 km a year

Transportation applications


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• Various materials: PV cells directly laminated on

concrete structures (slabs, balconies) :

• with specific shapes

• with specific encapsulants

Development of specific products

PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS


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• ddd

PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS

Design of an industrialized Active

Roof « all in one » :

-Waterproofness

-Thermal Insulation

-Air pre-heating and ventilation

-Hot water production

-Photovoltaic power production


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• Optimisation of several

parameters :

• cell spacing

• Distance between the two layers

• Coatings of the second layer

Bifacial cells in a double layer façade

BIFACIALITY

FOR FAÇADE

APPLICATION

Module bifacial

Paroi isolante

Distance variable

(10 à 80 cm)

Surface modulable

(Etat de surface)

Rails

Module bifacial

Paroi isolante

Distance variable

(10 à 80 cm)

Surface modulable

(Etat de surface)

Rails

Paroi isolante

Distance variable

(10 à 80 cm)

Surface modulable

(Etat de surface)

Rails

ROADS ACCESS LANES


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• Sidewalks, parking lots, streets, roads :

• www.solarroads.com

• Various criteria :

• Heavy loads (trucks, stones, bricks, etc.)

• Roughness to provide high traction

• Translucent coating : >90%

• Weatherproof wiring and connections• Electrical design of a linear power plant

Various shapes with specific requirements

ROADS, ACCESS LANES

LAKES CHANNELS

http://www.solarroads.com/http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-the-road-to-renewable-energy-fotostrecke-97118-4.htmlhttp://www.solarroads.com/http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-the-road-to-renewable-energy-fotostrecke-97118-2.html


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•

No land usage, no impact on water usage and quality• Development of non-metallic structures

• Possibility of cooling the PV modules

www.ciel-et-terre.net

Various shapes with specific requirements

LAKES AND

CANALS

LAKES, CHANNELS

1MW/km

CONCLUSIONS

http://tecsol.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341bfe5d53ef0191043a9d1d970c-popuphttp://www.ciel-et-terre.net/http://tecsol.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341bfe5d53ef0191043a9d1d970c-popuphttp://www.ciel-et-terre.net/http://www.ciel-et-terre.net/http://www.ciel-et-terre.net/http://www.ciel-et-terre.net/http://www.ciel-et-terre.net/


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CONCLUSIONS

The main trends to further advance on the PV modulelearning curve for the next two decades are there:

• Less material, less consumables

• Cheaper materials

• Higher efficiencies• Cheaper high-throughput processes

Regarding the system learning curve :

• Higher efficiencies of all components

• Strongly decreasing installation costs due to smart

integration in products and other systems (while

increasing local content)


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Thank you for your attention

Documents

Philippe Mal Branche Pv Module Technology Overview